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The growing anti-apartheid movement press for sanctions. Thatcher, Reagan and others resist, but the stirring protest song Free Nelson Mandela becomes a global anthem for change.
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00:04A única símbolo de um cemão sobre o qual há não há dúvida em todas nossas vidas é Nelson Mandela!
00:11A Manda!
00:13A Manda!
00:15A Manda!
00:16O que o povo ainda está considerando ele como líder do seu cemão de líderes.
00:18Depois de todos esses anos, ele não foi esquecido.
00:22O que é que é o que é o que é o que é?
00:24O que é o que é o que é o que é?
00:25E o que é o que é o que é o que é o que é o que é o
00:27que é?
00:28O que é o que é o que é o que é o que é?
00:29Por 19 anos, Nelson Mandela foi um cemão de presença aqui na Robben Island.
00:35O que é o primeiro tempo que eu fui para Robben Island, em 1981,
00:39você foi, tipo, thrown into the deep end.
00:42Meu pai veio para a porta e nós tínhamos a ver o que é o que é.
00:48Ele era bem.
00:52Eu estava vendo ele pela primeira vez e eu realmente estava em amarelo com esse homem.
00:56Eu acho que ele estava vestido com a pen em sua lapel.
01:02Esse homem que comandou respeito.
01:08Ele era um figura imposto.
01:13Como quantos líderes têm o magnéism?
01:16As pessoas têm o político independente.
01:20Nomadou.
01:23Nósしamos lutando por um South Africa que não pode ser levado por ele.
01:31O que é o mundo?
01:33Não conseguimos restar.
01:35Temos que ele sair.
01:37Eles não têm educação.
01:39Eles não têm nada de descanso.
01:40Eles não têm nada de descanso.
01:42A alternativa é a morte.
01:45A alternativa é a morte.
01:47Eu não tenho nada a fazer com qualquer organização que praticasse violência.
01:53Você sabe que isso nunca, nunca pode, nunca e nunca pode ser certo.
02:05Foi uma luta global contra o racismo e o opressão.
02:11Social movimentos podem mudar o mundo.
02:14E música pode ter esse poder político.
02:24Você deve libertá-lo e em libertá-lo, você libertá-lo do povo de Sudáfrica.
02:32Free, Nelson Mandela!
02:43Uma das coisas que é difícil para mim compreender é que nós passamos muito tempo aqui.
02:48Of course, there were painful moments
02:51because the apartheid regime
02:55was an expert in prostituting people psychologically.
03:01In prison, we needn't torture them physically.
03:04We torture them psychologically.
03:06Try to break the spirit with their family ties.
03:09Try to break their relationships.
03:11And the authorities used, we need to punish Mandela.
03:14When he was the love of Mandela's life,
03:17a classic love story,
03:19except that he was hardly ever there.
03:22They did terrible things to her.
03:24She had the 491 days
03:27in solitary confinement,
03:28which I don't think many human beings
03:31could have survived.
03:32I thought about them very often.
03:35I loved them.
03:45It happened ever so suddenly.
03:47They broke the door down.
03:48They took my mother off to a police station.
03:51And my mother was told then
03:52that she should be moved to Brantford
03:54and were just taken there.
03:56It was quite shocking, you know.
03:59Winnie Mandela was banished to this township,
04:02the white town of Brantford,
04:04a deeply conservative place
04:05where the Afrikaner farmers
04:07make sure the blacks know their place.
04:10They can't reason, black grown-ups.
04:13They're really children.
04:16Winnie Mandela may not leave
04:17without government permission.
04:18She may not be quoted in South Africa,
04:21nor may she meet more than one person
04:23at any time.
04:25The South African government
04:26wanted to isolate her
04:28from influencing the Sovietic community
04:30and influencing the resistance
04:32in South Africa at the time.
04:35It is painful.
04:36It is the reality of our struggling for freedom.
04:42When I met Winnie for the first time,
04:45I was a lamb, really.
04:47I was an artist, painting, playing music.
04:53When she walked in, she was so regal,
04:57so beautiful, so sexy, man.
05:00When she bent down to greet me,
05:03I don't know what came over me.
05:06I mean, I was just a boy.
05:08I kissed her so passionately
05:10and refused to let go for quite a while.
05:14She was flustered and shocked.
05:16Good God!
05:17What was that?
05:19What were you doing?
05:20What, you know, it was,
05:21that's how I met Winnie,
05:22if you'd like to know.
05:25I was entrusted with the responsibility
05:30of caring for her
05:32and became part of the Mandela household.
05:36I engaged myself heavily in numerous projects for the community.
05:42In a way, it became a livable prison.
05:48Mandela knew of my life with Winnie
05:51and his resolution and attitude was to say,
05:55let it continue until I come back.
05:59At that time, we were not allowed to receive newspapers in prison.
06:08one of the things I always kept in mind was that she was about 24 when I married her.
06:16And naturally, she was unable to resist such temptations.
06:22You know, Mandela's reaction was,
06:23I have got life imprisonment, why she must wait for me?
06:26But she's still my wife, she's still supporting me.
06:28She's still my comrade.
06:31It needs quieter men to retain your spirit behind bars.
06:37Throughout the years,
06:38visits to him have been a tremendous source of inspiration.
06:48We, together, are living in a privileged position in South Africa.
06:54B.W. Weta was a brilliant administrator.
06:59I'm not gaining up against black South Africans.
07:02I'm gaining up against radicals and suboptions of South Africa.
07:10But sometimes, the diplomacy fell a bit short.
07:15I wouldn't have instituted these steps if I didn't believe that we're going to succeed.
07:21If necessary, we can even take stronger steps.
07:24P.W. Weta was the kind of guy who, if you tried to push him into a corner,
07:29he'd kick down the door and all the furniture.
07:31He didn't know about other methods of consulting and negotiating.
07:36He was, he was very impulsive.
07:37Do you foresee any circumstances under which you would talk with and release Nelson Mandela?
07:43I'm only prepared to talk to people who want constitutional change.
07:51It was clear to both people in South Africa and globally that they were not going to release Mandela.
08:07The South African security forces believe there are at least 4,000 guerrillas under training in camps in Mozambique, Angola
08:17and other frontline states.
08:19The guerrillas song is about 1976, about June 16th.
08:24As a result of the Soweto uprising in 1976, a lot of the students chose to flee the country and
08:32go into, into exile to join the liberation movements abroad.
08:39We were hurting as young people.
08:43What we had seen was basically an unevenly matched battlefield.
08:51And the only way of healing it would be to get the gun, go back and shoot.
09:00I met Oliver Tambo in Angola.
09:04He just visited us in a camp.
09:07I remember his first words were,
09:10The man behind the gun has to be special.
09:17It was not about revenge.
09:20It was not about what I felt as an individual.
09:25However, we had a bigger destiny.
09:32What can the outside world do?
09:35Sanctions.
09:36Sanctions are a weapon that the international community can and must use against the racist regime.
09:43The movement saw sanctions as a peaceful way to resolve the South African situation.
09:50I remember one time I got into a fight with a kid.
09:53They called me a gullywob.
09:54This one called me blackie.
09:56This one called me nigger.
09:58My mother would always, and my father, when I tell them these stories, would always say,
10:02Why do you bother with that?
10:05Apartheid is systemic.
10:07If we defeat apartheid there, we'll defeat this racist here.
10:15When I was about 15, I suppose, we fancied ourselves as sort of international socialists.
10:23And I was aware of the anti-apartheid campaign and Peter Haynes' boycott of the Springboks.
10:30We will not win this campaign by polite negotiation.
10:33So we thought we'd go on this demonstration.
10:38The first demo I ever went on, it was very clear.
10:43You know, the kind of everyday racism that I grew up with, you know, became socially unacceptable.
10:50Yeah, what was it? If you're not part of the solution, you're part of the problem, you know, so...
10:56My parents were amongst two of the people who, along with Nelson Mandela, were tried for treason.
11:03And I think it became impossible for them to stay in the country.
11:08I was actually very relieved to have left South Africa.
11:12That's the issue we're going to discuss, first of all.
11:14Ruth First, one of three authors of a recent book...
11:17Even in exile, my mother was a very effective voice against apartheid.
11:23But then one has to ask, what is the meaning of the British connection?
11:26She's essentially engaged on the wrong side. She's engaged in propping up this regime.
11:31I do not think comprehensive economic sanctions, which would stop all trade to and from South Africa, would help to
11:38bring about change.
11:40Of the post-war British prime ministers, only Margaret Thatcher made any strong public effort to impede efforts to end
11:52apartheid.
11:53Why do you want to stop many, many black South Africans from earning their living decently and looking after their
12:00families?
12:00She was generally unwilling to listen, which she regarded to be a great strength, and I thought to be incompatible
12:09with democratic leadership.
12:11Good evening. Mrs. Thatcher was tonight given the strongest possible backing for her stand on South Africa from her most
12:17powerful ally, President Reagan.
12:20The Prime Minister of Great Britain has denounced punitive sanctions as immoral and utterly repugnant.
12:27Well, let me tell you why we believe Mrs. Thatcher is right.
12:31The United States had a lot of economic interests in South Africa. They supported white minority rule. They understood it
12:40and they supported it.
12:43But fundamentally, at least in the African-American community, Reagan was recognized as a racist.
12:49And so it made absolutely common sense why he was so opposed to sanctioning South Africa.
13:01The Prime Minister of Great Britain
13:02among countries
13:14We have all the racist plane
13:20Now is the time, now is the time
13:23For your friendship to end
13:26Nós não acreditamos que a forma de ajudar a gente de South Africa é a criação da economia.
13:33Time after time, a polícia se charge, primeiro uma forma, depois de outra.
13:37Muito bem foi feito em uma direção certa.
13:40Margaret Thatcher foi reagan-in-a-dress.
13:48A cara de racismo foi porque eu tinha um amigo de racismo.
13:53Ele era um grande cara e um bom amigo.
13:56Eu não conseguia entender por que ele persistiu com esse racismo.
14:01E eu só tive que cortá-lo, eu acho que é o certo palavra.
14:08Ele só pode tomar tanto tanto, que não é acessível.
14:14É uma música triste, em uma forma.
14:17Não há nada para celebrar.
14:21Eles foram todos amigos na época da Slavery.
14:25Esses são problemas que confrontam as pessoas negras em todo o mundo com um novo desafio.
14:31Esses dois governos da Slavery foram os melhores que Pivier podiam esperar.
14:38Enquanto ele ainda estava rodando a Apartheid-Hors.
15:01Desde 1976, a campanha de guerrilha tem escalado.
15:06Os primeiros dos exiles estavam voltando para a Slavery-Hors.
15:09Agora, fully-trained guerrilhas.
15:10Até a filosofia que holde uma raça de feria e outra.
15:21Inferia
15:22É finalmente
15:25E permanente
15:28Descredited
15:32E pulos de fuga
15:34Então, todo lugar tem paz
15:38É isso que vai
15:39É isso que vai
15:40O que a ANC correu
15:41a imprevida
15:42A mostacular Wieção
15:43Sabotage
15:43Ataque
15:44Blowing up
15:44A big
15:45Sa Sol
15:45Oil refinery
15:46A South Africa
15:47A much-priz
15:48Coal-to-Oil complex
15:50Esses são os
15:52Black South Africa
15:53Thought this was going to be
15:54o início da Revolução, o fato de que a ANC poderia fazer isso,
15:58e há um monte de atos que a unidade especial de uma unidade especial que o meu pai liderou
16:05na África do Sul, que afetava o regime apartheid,
16:09e o sentimento entre os africanos que eles estavam seguros.
16:25Eu era um comandante, então eu estava liderando uma unidade.
16:29Nós tínhamos diferentes missões.
16:32Tirando a polícia, tirando a barrax, tirando a rádio.
16:39O nosso objetivo é eliminar os obstáculos que vão nos fazer não conseguir a liberdade de pessoas.
16:46Olha só o frido.
17:00Pop Malik, você está falando sobre mim...
17:17Nós precisamos perceber que o que eles podem fazer para nós, nós podemos fazer para eles.
17:23Só muito mais eficaz e efetivamente.
17:28Infelizmente, a ANU infiltrou a Liberation Army.
17:34Eles me ajudaram, eles me ajudaram.
17:39Alguns de nós passaram por a pior tortura que você poderia fazer.
17:46Alguns de eles se despeçam, alguns de nós não se despeçam.
17:50As pessoas como James Mangui, depois de ser arrestados, convidados, torturados,
17:56found themselves landing-se em Robben Island.
18:02Bom, eu vou para Robben Island. Ok.
18:06Fresh breeze from the ocean was nice, but it was hard.
18:13Unkind. Cruel.
18:19Little did I know I was going to be taken to the section where Nelson Mandela is.
18:25From my window, I could see into Nelson Mandela's self.
18:35He wanted to know how I was feeling.
18:38A lot of people, you know, have this misperception that all of us come traumatized and you are dysfunctional, you
18:45are this.
18:46So I just wanted to ascertain if I'm okay, what help do I need and so on.
18:51And I just said to him, no, I'm fine.
18:54No.
18:55He said, no, but you can't be fine coming from a place like that.
18:58I said, why can't I be fine?
19:00I'm okay.
19:03The impact of the arrival of the Soweto 76 generation on Robben Island was electric.
19:10Mandela was totally shaken by the degree of militancy of the students wanting a much more aggressive approach to getting
19:19rid of apartheid.
19:36Mandela was open to listening to the anger and absorbing the anger before he tried to direct it in a
19:43way that would strengthen the overall movement,
19:47rather than be a separate group of militants.
19:52He had called me and we sit in his cell there.
19:55We talked.
19:57For hours.
19:59The caliber of the men who were on the island, it was fantastic.
20:05Men with whom you could sit down and at the end of a conversation, you feel that you have been
20:11enriched.
20:12Your roots in your own country have been deepened.
20:17We made Robben Island into a very special place.
20:24We didn't allow ourselves to sink into what prison does.
20:33He had a greatness about him.
20:37Now we had this special bond.
20:39Now we had this special relationship.
20:44Mandela began seducing some of the warders and convinced them that what he was doing was actually right.
20:51What they were doing was preventing him from succeeding with the rest of his project.
20:58Mandela was a person you can trust.
21:00He was a person who will help you.
21:02I was in a motorcycle accident and I could have not paid for the lawyers.
21:06So I go to Mandela with my letters.
21:09And he said to me, this is small fry, Mr. Brandt.
21:11Let him draft the letters.
21:14We win the case and the case was settled.
21:17So Mandela was also my lawyer.
21:20There is a philosophy in Southern Africa called Ubuntu, which means I am because you are.
21:28It's the relationship that actually gives us our existence.
21:35He was the actual embodiment of Ubuntu.
21:38This was very problematic for the apartheid government, yeah.
21:43In 1982, the government decided to move some of the Gravonia defendants to the mainland prison called Polsmoor outside Cape
21:51Town.
21:52They were trying to divide the movement.
21:56I was already on Polsmoor.
21:58We come and fetch these prisoners.
22:00The first prisoners to get out was Walter Susulu, Andrew Mlangeni, Raymond Muslava and Nelson Mandela.
22:06I asked the officer, why you transferred these four prisoners away from Robben Island?
22:11Are you prepared them for release?
22:13They said, we can't release these guys.
22:15They're too dangerous.
22:17We transferred them because it became too powerful on Robben Island.
22:20Mandela tried to change Robben Island in a mindset of the prisoners.
22:26The move was seen as a response to try and suppress this whole rising of the leadership position of Mandela.
22:33The government, they were overpowering the resistance of apartheid, both domestically and internationally.
22:42In 1982, the London offices of the ANC were bombed. Many saw it as a warning.
22:49The bomb contained enough explosives to kill or cause serious injury.
22:53The investigation is being carried out by Scotland Yard's anti-terrorist squad.
22:57I remember going there afterwards, the police had cordoned off a whole section of it.
23:04Do you fear for your own life?
23:05No. No, not at all.
23:08The offices in which we're sitting have been bombed. Does your wife worry about you?
23:11Well, I'm sure she does. She does. Every, every, every, every, every, every wife would.
23:18I was always conscious of the fact that I might lose my father at some point, and he would tell
23:25me that, you know.
23:26I myself expect I will be killed by the regime or its agents.
23:33That was just part of the course of struggle.
23:38The apartheid government was spreading their tentacles, trying to target the opposition, and I think part of what they were
23:46trying to do was to demoralize the opposition.
23:51Ever since the ANC was formed in 1912, we have had waves after waves of violence from the government, and
24:02many people have been killed.
24:05They put the bomb that killed my mother where she was working in Mozambique.
24:14The horror of what had been done to us, and faced us with how pathetic these people had been who
24:22had taken not just our mother away from us, but our mother away from South Africa.
24:28They stopped her from ever seeing the country that she had fought so hard for.
24:44They were trying to stop the opposition, but people were not going to be quiet again.
24:52We're not going to tolerate what was going on.
24:57South Africa was becoming so obviously wrong.
25:06The media was able to show what was going on and help to raise the consciousness of the United States.
25:13But real change, it was taking too long.
25:23And so three black leaders, including Mary Frances Berry, went into the South African Embassy to request a discussion with
25:32the ambassador.
25:34We said, we want you to call Pretora and tell them to free all the political prisoners, free Nelson Mandela,
25:40and then we want you to move to Anaparte.
25:44And he laughed at us.
25:46And then Randall said, well, if you don't, we're not leaving the embassy.
25:51By the time we came out and got in the paddy wagon, there was press all over the place.
25:59What we got for the administration is a sort of weak, tepid, vapid response as if they sympathize with those
26:07who oppress the blacks in South Africa.
26:09No arms, no aid, no guns.
26:13Told the press that we would have protests every day at five o'clock outside the embassy.
26:17No business with South Africa. No business. No business with South Africa.
26:22Representatives from every segment of society came out to protest.
26:30We had singers, movie stars, Rosa Parks came, politicians.
26:39Okay, where are we off to?
26:40You name it, everybody was begging to get arrested.
26:43Singer Stevie Wonder was among 48 people taken into custody yesterday, terming apartheid a barbaric policy.
26:50Wonder told reporters that his arrest is an expression of love to the people of South Africa.
26:57What kind of system is it that can only survive by the violent power of those in charge?
27:04You know that this can never, has never, and will never, be right.
27:24Thank you all very much for being here. We know that this is for Nelson Mandela.
27:29There was a concert for Nelson Mandela's 65th birthday at Alexandria Palace, and I was like, who's Nelson Mandela? I'd
27:38never heard of him.
27:40The 18th of July, Nelson Mandela will be celebrating his 65th birthday in Postmore Prison, Cape Town.
27:50Julian Behula had a song about Mandela, and I learned a bit more about him.
27:57I was working on a song, but I didn't have any words for it.
28:00I just wanted to come up with a very simple phrase that just said it straight away.
28:08It just popped into my head, yeah, I don't know.
28:11Free, Nelson Mandela.
28:15Three notes, you know, that anybody could sing really.
28:23Catchy.
28:24Free, Nelson Mandela.
28:31Free, Nelson Mandela.
28:36Free, Nelson Mandela.
28:52Top of the box, you know, had an audience of 20 million people at that time.
28:57Everybody tuned in.
28:58It just took the message out to a huge audience.
29:02Take it free, Nelson Mandela.
29:06And, yeah, it's amazing.
29:08It just took off around the world, you know, as number one in New Zealand.
29:14Jerry Dammers comes with this song that swept the world.
29:21Became the anthem of our struggle.
29:28Walter Mandela.
29:31Walter Mandela.
29:31I know that song.
29:43Hehehehe, person Mandela...
29:47Hehehehe...
29:48We knew been I played it on and on all the time.
29:53Para nós, não foi apenas uma música, mas um desejo.
29:57A música diz que free Nelson Mandela e é oficialmente abençado aqui.
30:01O ralho foi pedido para dizer o mesmo coisa e foi, surpreendido,
30:05foi permitido oficialmente.
30:06Mandela não pode ser citado, sua foto não pode ser publicado.
30:10Mas todos sabia quem o homem do Másc Mano e todos os postos eram.
30:15O nome nunca foi esquecido, não.
30:18Long leave the people of Svaga!
30:22Long leave Nelson Mandela!
30:25Desde os estudantes, há um espírito de resistência no país, defiência.
30:32As pessoas foram arrestadas, mas não podiam nos arrastar.
30:35A ANC's calls para organização política dentro do país
30:39foram respondidas por uma nova organização, o Unido Democrático.
30:45O time has come.
30:48que o resto da Másc Mano, todos os 25 milhões de nós,
30:53sejam em uma determinada offensão,
30:58para fazer todo nosso país ungovernável.
31:06O governo considera o UDF as nada mais do que uma mãozinha para a banda ANC.
31:11Mas o UDF tem crescido como uma organização
31:13cuja voz agora é ouvida em todos os povos negros em toda a cidade de South Africa.
31:18Más mobilização foi crítica.
31:21O UDF se tornou o maior movimento do país.
31:25Destrói o wideo South Africa!
31:27E este país irá desfazerá em faixão, fria, caos e pobreza.
31:33O UDF se tornou o maior movimento do país.
31:36O UDF se tornou o maior movimento do país.
31:41O UDF se tornou o maior movimento do país.
31:44O UDF se tornou o maior movimento do país.
31:47O UDF se tornou o maior movimento do país.
31:51O UDF se tornou o maior movimento do país.
31:52Desde a posição da Lei South Africa,
31:54quando você enfrenta um inimigo que está preparada a risco seus vidri,
31:58para mudar o sistema,
32:01você tem que fazer outra coisa.
32:03Você tem que mudar a sua estratégia.
32:05Eu estou preparado para lançar o Sr. Mandela.
32:11se ele disseram que ele rejeita violência como um modo
32:18para ser riqueza e para alcançar o fim político.
32:25Você sabe, eles me deram com um microfone.
32:28E eu devo ir para Mandela para ver os remarks, sabe?
32:31Quando eu saí, eu disse,
32:33Oh, bom dia, Mandela, você está estudando.
32:35E eu mostro ele os microfones, assim, com a mão.
32:37Então eu percebi que algo está errado agora.
32:39Eu disse, Mandela, por que você não tomou o offer do P.W. Bota?
32:43Você é um homem estúpido para sentar nesta prisão.
32:45Lembre-se, você é um homem velho.
32:47Se você tomou o offer do governo, você pode ser liberado
32:50e você pode aproveitar sua vida com seus filhos como um homem morto.
32:54Olha-me, disse, Mr. Brandt, eu mais iria morrer em prisão
32:57do que ser livre, mas meus cobrados não são livre.
33:01É um pouco difícil de continuar dizendo
33:03que o ANC abandou-se a violência.
33:08Porque isso diz que o regime não é violência.
33:11Mesmo no tempo, quando, diariamente,
33:14nós estamos vendo o regime que o regime está destruindo crianças.
33:19Um público de 7,000
33:22empregou-se em um dos esportes de esportes,
33:24ansiais para ouvir
33:25Nelson Mandela's resposta
33:27para o presidente Bolsonaro's offer
33:28to free him, provided he renounced his violence.
33:32Mandela, por todos esses anos em prisão,
33:34ele nunca se falou publicamente
33:38para o povo.
33:40Então, quando Zinzi
33:41tomou o palco
33:42e entregou
33:44essa mensagem,
33:46ele foi electrificando.
33:48Meu pai diz,
33:50eu não posso e vou não
33:53dar nenhum atendimento
33:55em que eu e você,
33:57as pessoas, não são liberadas.
34:00Sua liberdade e minha
34:01não podem ser separadas.
34:04Ele sabia quem o Nelson Mandela era,
34:06então não era inesperado
34:08que ele iria reaffirma
34:09sua comissão para a luta.
34:12Eu vou retornar.
34:13Am I not?
34:14Am I not?
34:17Am I not?
34:19Am I not?
34:49This state of affairs
34:50can no longer be tolerated.
34:55The state of emergency
34:57was to quell,
34:59to suppress
35:00any protest.
35:02When you declare
35:04state of emergency,
35:05you unleash every power
35:07of the state
35:08to deal with the people.
35:11You can't talk to people
35:12with stones in their hands.
35:16It was extremely difficult.
35:20Many people died,
35:23thousands detained,
35:24tortured,
35:25disappeared.
35:27I was being detained
35:28almost every six months.
35:34It was a moment
35:35to stop us
35:36and they failed.
35:42Winnie Mandela
35:43caught the first sight
35:44of her firebombed house
35:45from the air.
35:46On the ground,
35:47it looked far worse
35:48and she had no doubt
35:50as to who was responsible.
35:51It is a subject
35:52to be indoctrinated
35:53through the police,
35:54through the security branch.
35:58Winnie
35:59was reaching
36:00the end
36:01of her tether.
36:03Are you going
36:03to keep right on struggling?
36:05The struggle goes on.
36:06There has never been
36:07any doubt about that.
36:10Her dark side
36:11was the manifestation
36:14of the dark side
36:16of apartheid
36:17that was forced on her.
36:18She didn't fully realize
36:21how much
36:21it had affected her.
36:23I used to say
36:25she had a Dr. Jekyll and Hyde,
36:28split personality
36:28about her.
36:30Once in a while,
36:30it would get to her
36:32and she would be
36:33a Mr. Hyde.
36:35You are under arrest?
36:37Just come along.
36:38Don't attack me!
36:39I'm coming!
36:40Don't attack me!
36:41Don't attack me!
36:42She'll be coming.
36:43Why are you comforting me?
36:44I didn't know
36:45what the hell did.
36:47I had a young
36:49black South African
36:50journalist working
36:50for me
36:51and he had a very
36:52close relationship
36:53with Winnie.
36:54He always knew
36:55there was going
36:55to be some sort
36:56of incident
36:57because she was
36:58becoming very radical
37:00in her resistance.
37:03I do remember
37:04the image of her
37:05with her very strong
37:06and uncompromising
37:08defence of Mandela
37:09and of the ANC.
37:11Pretoria has failed
37:12to rule our country.
37:15She felt that
37:17anything that could
37:18put pressure
37:18on the apartheid
37:20white regime
37:21to release Mandela
37:22to free her people
37:24was her responsibility
37:25and she did that
37:26with a passion.
37:27We are here today
37:29to tell you
37:30that that day
37:32is not far
37:32when we shall lead you
37:34to freedom.
37:36Am I answer?
37:37Am I answer?
37:38Am I answer?
37:39Am I answer?
38:01Mrs. Thatcher's stand
38:06against sanctions
38:07is expected
38:08to leave her
38:09virtually isolated
38:10at the Commonwealth
38:10Conference
38:11in the Bahamas.
38:12In the Commonwealth,
38:14South Africa's only
38:15friend and defender
38:16was Margaret Thatcher.
38:18I do not think
38:20that violence
38:21or comprehensive sanctions
38:23will bring the
38:24dismantlement of apartheid
38:25any nearer.
38:26When I questioned
38:27her about it,
38:28she said she felt
38:29sorry for the other
38:3049 because they
38:32were in the wrong.
38:33Here at home,
38:34a Gallup poll
38:35published today
38:35seems to show
38:36that the Prime Minister's
38:37statements on South Africa
38:38indicate that she may be
38:39out of step
38:40with public opinion.
38:41The Tory party
38:43were very much
38:43in cahoots
38:45with the South African
38:46government.
38:48It was disgraceful.
38:49Some of us
38:50didn't want to be
38:52associated with that
38:53and wanted to be
38:55on the right side
38:56of history,
38:56if you like.
38:58So we started
38:59organising
39:00Artists Against Apartheid.
39:02I'd like to welcome
39:03you to the launch
39:04of Artists Against Apartheid.
39:06I really saw us
39:08as the cultural wing
39:09of the anti-apartheid
39:10movement.
39:11We are here,
39:12calling on musicians,
39:13calling on comedians,
39:14to do whatever they do
39:15best against apartheid
39:17and to use culture
39:18as their weapon
39:18against apartheid.
39:19It was the beginning
39:21of what turned out
39:22to be quite a momentous
39:23movement.
39:24There's nothing at all
39:25vague about our
39:26next guest's attitudes.
39:28In their time,
39:28Gerry Dammers
39:29and Paul Weller
39:30have been two of
39:30Rock's angriest young men.
39:32They now feel so strongly
39:32about South Africa's regime
39:34that they're going to be
39:35campaigning against it
39:36on Saturday.
39:37They're both involved
39:38in the free concert
39:38on Clapham Common
39:39which will end
39:40Saturday's major
39:41anti-apartheid march.
39:42You know,
39:43all these artists
39:43just want to show
39:45that they support
39:45the anti-apartheid movement.
39:47One, two,
39:49and you know what to do!
39:52But, you know,
39:53we don't want people
39:54just to go to the concert.
39:55We want as many people
39:56to go on the march first.
39:58Hey!
40:01It was a march
40:02which then concluded
40:04with this massive concert
40:06in Clapham Common.
40:09March in the streets
40:10with committed people.
40:12It was serious solidarity.
40:15It turned out to be
40:17the biggest anti-apartheid
40:18demonstration
40:19anywhere in the world
40:20up to that point.
40:21It was such a huge crowd.
40:24I said,
40:24what's to a leg?
40:25Tell a woman
40:26I have to have a head
40:28Got your hands
40:29I personally put
40:30that build together
40:31and invited the artists
40:33with Paul Weller,
40:35Sting,
40:36Billy Bragg,
40:37Gary Kemp,
40:38Big Audio Dynamite,
40:39Sade,
40:41Peter Gabriel,
40:42Hugh Masekela.
40:43I was very adamant
40:45that there should be
40:46plenty of black artists
40:48involved.
40:49You know,
40:50the real clincher
40:51was Gil Scott Heron
40:52singing Johannesburg,
40:54which was probably
40:55the first well-known
40:56protest song
40:57about South Africa.
41:12The great thing
41:12was that it was
41:13a really mixed crowd,
41:15black and white.
41:20This is integrated
41:21London, you know.
41:30The problem that
41:31we have gathered here
41:33about,
41:34the problem of racism,
41:36is a problem not only
41:38to be found in South
41:39Africa, but to be found
41:40also in 10 damaged streets.
41:45This is the sort of thing
41:47that continues to grow
41:49as people's consciousness
41:50continues to grow,
41:51as government pressure
41:52continues to grow.
41:54It's the part of making
41:55sure that people know
41:56who stands where.
41:58It's the part of
41:59identifying yourself
42:00with being on the right
42:02side for a change.
42:05If you have a feeling
42:06inside and you care
42:07about people and you
42:08automatically do those
42:09things that apply to that
42:11and I think being here
42:12is just an expression
42:13of what I've always felt.
42:21You know,
42:22to stand on the same stage
42:23as Gil Scott Heron,
42:25who showed us
42:26that music could be
42:27revolutionary,
42:28you know,
42:29not just making you feel
42:30but make you think
42:31and change the way
42:32you see the world.
42:37To be part of that
42:38incredible event,
42:39it was a big thing
42:41for a small young girl
42:43to do.
42:45This is for the dignity
42:47of the good people
42:48besides Africa
42:49who just want to share
42:51what is there
42:52Why can't we live together
42:58Tell me why
43:00Tell me why
43:01Tell me why
43:04Why can't we live together
43:07Tell me why
43:08Tell me why
43:10Nelson Mandela
43:11was more than just a man.
43:13He was a superb,
43:15incredible human being
43:17who devoted
43:18his entire life.
43:19He gave us everything
43:20his hours,
43:22his minutes,
43:22his days
43:23to make people
43:24understand that
43:25we're all human
43:25and that we all belong
43:27and we all deserve respect.
43:29He could not have
43:30gone further,
43:31could not have given more
43:32so what each of us
43:34did on that stage
43:35that day
43:35was a little nothing.
43:49Good evening,
43:49the headlines
43:50at six o'clock
43:51the South African government
43:52has further tightened
43:53its grip
43:54on the opponents
43:55of apartheid.
43:55The state of emergency
43:56has been extended
43:58to a third year.
43:59President Bortes
44:00says it's because
44:00ordinary laws
44:01cannot maintain
44:02public order.
44:04There's been condemnation
44:05of South Africa
44:06from all over the world
44:07but Mrs. Thatcher
44:08tonight refused
44:09to lend her support
44:10to tough sanctions.
44:14The country had become
44:16increasingly volatile
44:17and Winnie
44:19hankered after
44:20returning home
44:21to Soweto
44:22to her people
44:23so she refused
44:24to return to Brantford
44:26and dare the police
44:27to arrest her.
44:29For the second time
44:30in just over a week
44:31South African black activist
44:33Winnie Mandela
44:34is free on bail.
44:35I am going to my house
44:36where I was possibly
44:38removed from.
44:39Do you think
44:40you'll be rearrested
44:41Mrs. Mandela
44:41by returning
44:42to your home
44:42as a weather?
44:43It makes no difference
44:44to me.
44:45No, no, no.
44:47I said no matter
44:48no matter what mother
44:50Yeah
44:53He wants to my brother
44:57He wants to live together
44:59Why can't we live together
45:04Together
45:12And we're hoping very much
45:13that with things like this
45:15that this will encourage
45:16the British public
45:17in general
45:17to opt for
45:18the peaceful solution
45:19to South Africa
45:20which is sanctions.
45:26When we sang
45:27Free Nelson Mandela
45:29in front of that crowd
45:30it was just an incredible
45:32moment
45:33It was just an incredible moment
45:36Seeing so many people
45:38come together
45:38around that song
45:42It was probably my proudest moment
45:44in my life, you know.
45:48It was an apex moment
45:50for us
45:51feeling that this is
45:53a struggle
45:54we're going to win
46:01Nelson Mandela
46:02Nelson Mandela
46:02has been in the
46:02Folk's hospital
46:03for two weeks
46:04His illness
46:04has caused
46:05great consent
46:06to the entire world
46:08There is going to be
46:09a rock concert
46:10in London's
46:11Wembley Stadium
46:11that's billed
46:12is bigger than Live Aid
46:13When Jerry came up
46:14I said
46:15so who have you got
46:16and he said
46:17nobody
46:18But
46:19if we have you
46:20we can book
46:21the stadium tomorrow
46:24We have no arms
46:25We have toes
46:27We have
46:28This is now
46:30the right time
46:31to take your country
46:32And the series concludes
46:42next Sunday at 9
46:43and there's support information
46:45available online
46:46at channel4.com
46:48slash support
46:49and there's no
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