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The hit protest song Sun City and a Wembley concert help turn the tide. US banks pull out of South Africa as at last apartheid falters. Mandela walks free. But at what cost?
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00:02Nelson Mandela
00:03has been in the Folk's hospital for two weeks
00:05recovering from a prostate operation
00:07confined to a heavily guarded ward
00:09His illness
00:11has caused grave concern
00:13not only to us
00:15as a family
00:16but to the entire world
00:18I remember that very clearly
00:20suddenly I realised Mandela was no longer
00:23sitting in jail
00:24he was in hospital where I had my tonsils out
00:281985
00:28our country become ungovernable
00:34bloodshed on the streets
00:35all over
00:39and that's the time Mandela
00:40ended up in hospital with a prostate land
00:43the government was worried
00:44if this cancer spread
00:46and Mandela died in prison
00:48there won't be an uprising in South Africa
00:50there will be a war
00:52so the Minister of Justice Kubi could see
00:54visit Mandela
00:56Mandela was completely astonished
00:58Minister of Justice of the apartheid regime
01:00walks into his ward
01:02and you know greets him
01:04and wants to have a chat
01:05but Mandela being able to control his emotions
01:08and not have immediate reactions
01:09then welcomes Kubi could see it
01:11as though he was a long lost friend
01:12you were now really moving towards the gold post of the story
01:20how many leaders have that
01:22magnetism
01:23the Africans
01:24they want political independence
01:27only Mandela
01:30we are fighting for a South Africa
01:33which can only be led by him
01:38all over the world
01:40couldn't rest
01:41we had to get him out
01:44they've got no education
01:46they've only come down from the trees
01:48the alternative is bloodshed
01:52the alternative is murder
01:54I will have nothing to do
01:57with any organization
01:58that practices violence
02:01you know
02:02that this can never
02:03has never
02:04and will never
02:05be right
02:11it was a global struggle
02:14against blatant racism
02:16and oppression
02:17social movements
02:19can change the world
02:20and music can have
02:22that political power
02:25we are here
02:27to celebrate
02:28you must free him
02:33and in freeing him
02:34you free the people of South Africa
02:37free
02:40Nelson Mandela
02:48what turned me on to South Africa
02:50was a song
02:53September 77
02:55Beko
02:56by Peter Gabriel
02:57it was so good
02:59that I
03:00decided to look into it
03:02Beko
03:04Beko
03:05Beko
03:09just went right to my soul
03:12I need to know
03:13exactly what's going on
03:15you know
03:16and so
03:17I went down there
03:18and
03:19was really shocked
03:20they were teaching
03:21it as a part of their religion
03:23that black people
03:24were not human
03:25that they were animals
03:26they've got no education
03:28and it'll take them
03:29a couple of hundred years
03:30they've only just come down
03:31from the trees
03:32and then you have
03:3423 million can't vote
03:36because they're black
03:38this is deep man
03:39this is deeper than
03:41the kind of racism
03:42I was used to
03:44and I'm down there
03:46and part of the journey
03:47was to go to
03:49Sun City
03:49and have some fun
03:51along the way
03:52you know
03:53Sun City
03:55it's a lavish resort
03:57where you can relax
03:58and enjoy
03:58some of the world's
04:00headline entertainers
04:01it's the show place
04:02of Apodizwana
04:04one of the so called
04:05independent homeland
04:07the South African government
04:09had tried to create
04:10an artificial sort of
04:12Las Vegas
04:12that they called
04:13Sun City
04:14and they were trying
04:15to get celebrities
04:17to come perform
04:17in Sun City
04:19it's an enclave
04:20it's not South Africa
04:22it's independent territory
04:23come on
04:24so you weren't
04:26supporting this
04:26terrible regime
04:27in South Africa
04:28by playing Sun City
04:29because it was
04:30a different country
04:31and so I realized
04:33wow
04:33that's the hustle
04:35you know
04:36now I got it
04:37you know
04:38I'm gonna use that
04:40let's
04:41let's get together
04:42and fight
04:43for what's right
04:53when Mandela
04:54started talking
04:54to government officials
04:55then I realized
04:57things are busy
04:58changing now
04:59first time
05:00we take him
05:01to the minister's house
05:02Mandela made
05:03his statement
05:04to the minister
05:04and said
05:05sir
05:05while I'm a prisoner
05:06I can't negotiate
05:07with government
05:08I can only negotiate
05:10with government
05:10when I'm a free man
05:11then the minister
05:12said immediately
05:13Mr. Mandela
05:14please sit down
05:15and relax
05:16this is not negotiations
05:18we just have some talks
05:19that's where Mandela
05:20started talking
05:21to government
05:22Mandela
05:23had to negotiate
05:24with his immediate
05:25colleagues
05:26in prison
05:27and then he had to negotiate
05:28with the ANC
05:30in exile
05:31he needed the tacit support
05:34he needed the tacit support
05:34of his colleagues
05:36the essence
05:38of reaching a political solution
05:41means
05:41you sit down
05:43with your enemy
05:43you press your demands
05:46he presses his
05:48and then
05:49you have to meet
05:51each other
05:52if you're not prepared
05:54for that
05:55don't enter into negotiations
05:57he was a very pragmatic person
06:01because you can't
06:02get your demands met
06:04if you are hostile
06:06his whole thing
06:09was about winning
06:10whereas
06:12with Oliver Tambor
06:14he was this
06:15forward-looking
06:18strategist
06:19there were three groupings
06:21basically
06:22external leadership
06:24led by Oliver Tambor
06:25the mass democratic movement
06:28in South Africa
06:29and then the Robben Island prisoners
06:31the important theme
06:33was to coordinate all three
06:34so we had a constitutional committee
06:38of the ANC
06:39set up by Oliver Tambor
06:41we were working on preparing
06:43for a new constitution
06:44for South Africa
06:45so when the moment
06:46of negotiations came
06:47we'd be ready
06:48South Africa will be
06:50we
06:50the people
06:51will be
06:52you know
06:53I think that Oliver Tambor
06:55worked very hard for it
06:56to engage
06:59everybody
06:59in the world
07:01and let them fight this
07:03because
07:03it's not something
07:04we can win
07:06alone
07:12when you have a righteous cause
07:14I mean
07:15you're
07:15you know
07:15you become dangerous
07:16the end game
07:17was going to be
07:18the anti-apartheid
07:19economic legislation
07:20but we knew
07:22Reagan was going to veto
07:23if post-apartheid
07:25South Africa
07:25is to remain
07:26the economic locomotive
07:27of southern Africa
07:28its strong
07:30and developed economy
07:31must not be crippled
07:32so
07:33passing legislation
07:34how do we get there
07:35well
07:36just by raising awareness
07:37we don't want to hear
07:39any music
07:39I wrote the whole
07:40Sun City story
07:41very very directly
07:43Papu Toswana
07:45is far away
07:47but we know
07:48it's in South Africa
07:49no matter what they say
07:51we wanted to make
07:52very clear
07:53that that was a lie
07:55and therefore
07:56I ain't gonna play
07:57Sun City
07:58you know
07:59I ain't gonna play
08:00Sun City
08:01I ain't gonna play
08:03Sun City
08:03I mean why people
08:03are dying
08:04and give it a hope
08:06you know
08:07the thing that people
08:07criticize about social
08:08movements is when
08:09it's too vague
08:10what was so great
08:12about that song
08:12is
08:13its specificity
08:14we're stabbing our
08:16brothers
08:16boss
08:17that's losing
08:17the back
08:18it had one thing
08:20in mind
08:21I ain't gonna play
08:22Sun City
08:23I just love that
08:24because people
08:25didn't even know
08:26what Sun City was
08:30this is apolitical
08:32it doesn't matter
08:32what side you're
08:33on
08:33it's common sense
08:42the song
08:43and the video
08:43had to reflect
08:45what I consider
08:45to be
08:46an embarrassment
08:53music
08:55was so important
08:56it made people
08:58who
08:58weren't paying
08:59attention
09:00pay attention
09:05we gotta be
09:06better storytellers
09:07than the other side
09:08great pop songs
09:09are propaganda
09:18we shut down
09:19the resort overnight
09:20I mean they got
09:20completely shut down
09:22it was amazing
09:22how effective
09:23it was
09:26it became a
09:28mainstream issue
09:29the United States
09:30should not be
09:31supporting apartheid
09:32Chase Manhattan Bank
09:35for example
09:35said we're not
09:36gonna roll over
09:37any more loans
09:38to South Africa
09:39that was a death knell
09:40the government knew
09:42that change
09:43was in the wind
09:44and they couldn't
09:45stop it
09:46President Reagan
09:47has fought
09:48long and hard
09:49to prevent
09:49Congress
09:50from imposing
09:50new economic
09:51sanctions
09:52against South Africa
09:53today he lost
09:54the Senate
09:55joined the House
09:56in overriding
09:57Mr. Reagan's veto
09:59that was a huge
10:00victory man
10:01and that was only
10:02a matter of time
10:03before the
10:03dominoes would fall
10:05it's a bad
10:06miserable
10:07attitude
10:08on the part
10:08of the United States
10:09to apply sanctions
10:11against a developing
10:12country
10:12one of the best
10:13developing countries
10:14in Africa
10:14when we were cut off
10:17from international
10:18financing
10:18and I was minister
10:19of finance then
10:20in the thinking
10:22in the national
10:23party
10:23if they start
10:25taking away
10:25our armaments
10:29then we'll
10:30make it ourselves
10:31when our oil
10:32was being boycotted
10:33we made our own
10:35oil
10:36but one thing
10:37we could not make
10:39and that was
10:40dollars
10:42we couldn't
10:43print our own
10:44dollars
10:45stock prices
10:46in South Africa
10:47began to drop
10:48sharply
10:49and the value
10:50of the South
10:50African currency
10:51the rand
10:52took a nosedive
10:53by the middle
10:54of last week
10:55the government's
10:56racial crisis
10:56had become
10:57a financial crisis
10:58as well
10:59we had
11:01to suffer
11:01that humiliation
11:03so that was
11:04adding
11:06more dimension
11:07to an already
11:08very difficult
11:10situation
11:14the level
11:15of protest
11:16resistance
11:17and violence
11:19South Africa
11:20was like a
11:20pressure cooker
11:21the latest
11:22victim of the
11:23necklace
11:23died this
11:24weekend
11:25after the
11:25bodies of
11:26unrest
11:26victims
11:26were found
11:27in unmarked
11:28coffins
11:28the undertaker's
11:29home was
11:30burnt down
11:30a petrol
11:31soaked tire
11:32was put
11:32around her
11:32neck
11:33and set
11:33alight
11:33death
11:34by the
11:35necklace
11:35reserved
11:36for so-called
11:37collaborators
11:37in a series
11:39of speeches
11:39in black
11:40townships
11:40around
11:41Johannesburg
11:41including
11:42Soweto
11:42she again
11:43ignored an
11:44order which
11:45bans her
11:45from speaking
11:46in public
11:46when Winnie
11:48Mandela came
11:48back to
11:50Soweto
11:50from this
11:51period of
11:52banishment
11:52she was the
11:53face of
11:54resistance
11:54to apartheid
11:56I am back
11:58with you
11:59where I belong
12:00this is now
12:02the right time
12:04to take
12:05your country
12:05dealing with
12:07her was a
12:07major headache
12:08for the ANC
12:08and for
12:09Mandela in
12:10particular
12:10because she
12:11did her
12:11own thing
12:12she was
12:12not always
12:13a loyal
12:14and obedient
12:15comrade
12:15of the ANC
12:16she was
12:17very radical
12:18in her
12:18resistance
12:20with our
12:21necklaces
12:21we shall
12:22liberate
12:22this country
12:23we do not
12:27approve
12:28of the
12:29necklace
12:30it gives
12:31satisfaction
12:33to some
12:33people
12:34it doesn't
12:34to the
12:35ANC
12:35doesn't
12:36to us
12:39you know
12:39in
12:39course
12:40where
12:40President
12:40Mandela
12:40was
12:41finding out
12:41more
12:41about
12:42Winnie
12:42Mandela
12:43he was
12:44struggling
12:44to
12:44control
12:45her
12:46she was
12:47not always
12:47listening to
12:47Mandela
12:48because her
12:48personality
12:49was too
12:49strong
12:50she wanted
12:51to do
12:51her own
12:51ways
12:53sometimes
12:54during the
12:55visit
12:55start
12:56with
12:56arguing
12:56with
12:57things
12:57you know
12:59yes
13:00Winnie
13:01had become
13:01more
13:02militant
13:02than
13:02my
13:02grandfather
13:03justifiably
13:04so
13:05my
13:06grandfather
13:06was
13:07insulated
13:07by prison
13:09we were
13:10facing
13:11bullets
13:11we were
13:12facing
13:12children
13:13that were
13:13being
13:13slaughtered
13:14so
13:15she
13:15was
13:15at the
13:16eye
13:17of the
13:17storm
13:17my
13:19grandfather
13:19wasn't
13:30being a
13:31revolutionary
13:33was
13:34magnificent
13:36it was
13:38putting
13:38yourself
13:39totally
13:40on the
13:40line
13:40for a
13:41beautiful
13:42world
13:42free
13:44Nelson
13:44Mandela
13:45was much
13:46more
13:46than
13:46just
13:47free
13:47Nelson
13:48Rudolf
13:49Mandela
13:49from
13:50Robben
13:50Island
13:51it
13:52was
13:52free
13:53everybody
13:54in the
13:54world
13:55free
13:56all the
13:56oppressed
13:56people
13:59it's
14:00the
14:017th
14:01of
14:01April
14:02public
14:02holiday
14:03in
14:03Mozambique
14:04and
14:05I'm
14:06going to
14:06spend
14:07the
14:07morning
14:07on the
14:07beach
14:08meetings
14:09in the
14:09afternoon
14:10and I
14:10go down
14:11to my
14:11car
14:19I
14:20don't
14:20know
14:20what's
14:20happening
14:21something
14:21terrible
14:21is
14:22happening
14:22I
14:22mean
14:22total
14:22total
14:23darkness
14:30consciousness
14:31not coming
14:31back
14:33and I
14:34mean
14:34total
14:35darkness
14:37disappearing
14:38reappearing
14:39in
14:39consciousness
14:45I
14:46hear a
14:46voice
14:48saying
14:49LB
14:50your arm
14:51is in
14:51lamentable
14:51condition
14:52you must face
14:54the future
14:54with courage
14:58that moment
14:58you're
14:59waiting
14:59for
14:59as a
14:59freedom
15:00fighter
15:00they come
15:01for me
15:02will I
15:02be brave
15:02will I
15:03get through
15:04will it
15:04be tonight
15:05will it
15:05be tomorrow
15:06they come
15:06for me
15:07they try
15:07to kill
15:07me
15:09and I
15:10survived
15:17I'm being
15:18flown
15:18to London
15:19because
15:20South African
15:20security
15:21used to
15:21follow
15:21people
15:22into
15:22hospital
15:23and give
15:23them
15:23poison
15:24whom
15:25they
15:25hadn't
15:25managed
15:25to
15:26kill
15:27the
15:28attack
15:28on
15:28me
15:28it
15:29was
15:29like
15:29almost
15:30last
15:31attempts
15:32of
15:32the
15:33ultra
15:34ferocious
15:35elements
15:35in the
15:35security
15:36to
15:37show
15:38their
15:38power
15:40seeing
15:41that
15:41negotiations
15:42might
15:42emerge
15:44as I'm
15:45wheeled
15:45out
15:46I see
15:47a soldier
15:48with a
15:48gun
15:48and I
15:49say
15:50no more
15:50guns
15:52no more
15:53guns
15:53we've got
15:54to find
15:55other
15:55ways
16:02I was
16:03totally
16:04surprised
16:05in some
16:05way
16:05that
16:06government
16:06at least
16:07reached out
16:07to
16:08Mandela
16:08talk to
16:09him
16:09and have
16:10discussions
16:11with him
16:11that is
16:12what Mandela
16:12fight for
16:13before he
16:14get to
16:14prison
16:14in the
16:1560s
16:15but
16:16nobody
16:17wanted to
16:17sit
16:17down
16:17only him
16:18was
16:18talking
16:19at
16:19that
16:19state
16:19on behalf
16:20of the
16:20N.C.
16:21There were
16:22suspicions
16:22that Mandela
16:23had been
16:24kind of
16:25co-opted
16:25and was
16:27not deliberately
16:28setting out
16:28the movement
16:30but he'd
16:30lost touch
16:31with the
16:32realities
16:32of today.
16:33I don't
16:34believe he
16:35would be
16:35in a position
16:36to discuss
16:36any kind
16:37of truth.
16:38How on
16:39earth can
16:39men who
16:40have been
16:40out of the
16:41picture for
16:4125 years
16:42be expected
16:44to discuss
16:45the political
16:45situation
16:46of our
16:46country
16:47behind bars
16:48he has
16:49no mandate
16:50to discuss.
16:51Oliver Tamba
16:52was the
16:52person that
16:53Mandela had
16:53to keep
16:54on board
16:54at all
16:54costs
16:55and there
16:56was a
16:56real
16:56relationship
16:57of trust
16:57between them
16:58but Tamba
16:58was beginning
16:59to get
17:00very concerned
17:00and wrote
17:01Mandela
17:02a letter
17:02in which
17:03he made
17:03it very
17:04clear
17:04that Mandela
17:06was not
17:06to cross
17:07the line.
17:09There were
17:09rocky moments
17:10as to
17:11whether
17:12Mandela's
17:13strategy
17:13was going
17:14to work.
17:20in the
17:21late 80s
17:22the
17:22anti-partic
17:23movement
17:23had local
17:24groups
17:24all over
17:25the country
17:26and thousands
17:27and thousands
17:28of members
17:28but the
17:30intransigence
17:31of the
17:32British
17:32government
17:32and the
17:33US
17:33was
17:34huge.
17:45down the
17:46streets
17:47of South
17:47Africa
17:48There were
17:49a number
17:50of different
17:51things that
17:51happened
17:52like people
17:53calling on
17:54local authorities
17:55to name
17:55buildings
17:56after
17:56Nelson Mandela
17:58The
17:59headquarters
17:59of the
18:00anti-partic
18:00movement
18:01moved to
18:01Sillow Street
18:02in Camden
18:03and Camden
18:04Council
18:05changed the
18:05name of that
18:06street
18:06to Mandela
18:07Street
18:09Wasn't that
18:10wonderful
18:12but
18:12you know
18:13the British
18:14anti-partic
18:15movement
18:15we were
18:16quite
18:16ambitious
18:17we wanted
18:17a big
18:18event
18:18around
18:19Mandela's
18:2070th
18:20birthday
18:22In 1985
18:24I worked
18:25with and put
18:25on
18:26Miriam
18:26Macaba
18:27at the
18:28Royal
18:28Festival
18:28Hall
18:29Now my
18:29next guest
18:30is the
18:30best-known
18:30singer
18:31ever to
18:31come out
18:31of
18:31South
18:31Africa
18:32She's
18:32also
18:33an
18:33uncompromising
18:34and public
18:34opponent
18:34of the
18:35regime
18:35there
18:35Please
18:36welcome
18:36Miriam
18:37Macaba
18:39She
18:40challenged
18:40me
18:41on that
18:41occasion
18:41quite
18:42explicitly
18:42to do
18:43something
18:44against
18:45the
18:45apartheid
18:46regime
18:46in
18:46South
18:47Africa
18:47Mrs.
18:48Thatcher
18:48has a
18:49view
18:49that
18:49sanctions
18:50will
18:50not
18:51work
18:51against
18:51South
18:52Africa
18:52I wish
18:52she felt
18:53that way
18:53about
18:54Libya
18:54and
18:55all
18:55these
18:55other
18:56countries
18:56but
18:57when
18:57it
18:57comes
18:57to
18:57South
18:58Africa
18:58then
18:59sanctions
19:00won't
19:00work
19:01The
19:01songs
19:02the
19:03concerts
19:04they
19:05were
19:05all
19:06individual
19:06activities
19:07that
19:07weren't
19:08reaching
19:08very
19:09large
19:09audiences
19:10all
19:10at
19:10once
19:11and
19:12what
19:12our
19:12objective
19:12was
19:13was to
19:13get
19:14the
19:14world's
19:15broadcasters
19:16but it
19:17was
19:17it
19:17was
19:18it
19:18was
19:18tricky
19:19under
19:19their
19:19license
19:20conditions
19:20they
19:20weren't
19:22allowed
19:22to
19:23support
19:23a
19:23political
19:24cause
19:24they
19:25could
19:25report
19:25on
19:25them
19:25but
19:26they
19:26couldn't
19:26support
19:26them
19:27however
19:27justified
19:28you may
19:29feel
19:29your
19:29causes
19:30however
19:31unjust
19:31apartheid
19:32is
19:32you
19:33still run
19:34an
19:34organization
19:34that
19:35is
19:35at least
19:35in
19:35part
19:36a
19:36terrorist
19:36organization
19:37that
19:38kills
19:38innocent
19:38people
19:38is
19:39that
19:39not
19:39so
19:39i
19:40reject
19:40that
19:40most
19:41vehemently
19:42and so
19:42i
19:43thought
19:43of
19:43the
19:43idea
19:44of
19:44creating
19:45something
19:46called
19:46the
19:46nelson
19:47mandela
19:4770th
19:48birthday
19:48tribute
19:49and
19:50making
19:50it
19:51a
19:51musical
19:51tribute
19:52to
19:53the
19:53man
19:53because
19:54music
19:55under
19:56the
19:56licensed
19:56conditions
19:57of
19:57broadcasters
19:58is
19:59not
19:59politics
20:00when
20:01the
20:01Wembley
20:02concert
20:02happened
20:02we
20:03approached
20:04a
20:04really
20:04big
20:05stadium
20:05acts
20:06in
20:06particular
20:07simple
20:08minds
20:08this
20:09is
20:10simple
20:10minds
20:12clap
20:13on
20:13common
20:13concert
20:14was
20:14already
20:14a
20:14big
20:15deal
20:15but
20:16everyone
20:16after
20:17seeing
20:17what
20:17Geldof
20:18had
20:18done
20:18with
20:18live
20:19they
20:19thought
20:19we
20:20we
20:20need
20:21we
20:21need
20:22it
20:22on
20:22a
20:22larger
20:22scale
20:24as
20:25the
20:25BBC
20:25announced
20:26that
20:26they
20:26were
20:26a
20:26broadcaster
20:27of
20:27this
20:27the
20:29Conservative
20:29Party
20:30tried
20:30to
20:31take
20:31them
20:31to
20:32court
20:32for
20:33breaking
20:33their
20:33license
20:33conditions
20:34they
20:35weren't
20:35about
20:35take
20:36a
20:36political
20:36line
20:37I
20:38remember
20:38hearing
20:39that
20:39it
20:39was
20:40going
20:40to
20:40be
20:40called
20:41the
20:41Nelson
20:41Mandela
20:4270th
20:42birthday
20:43concert
20:43and
20:44thinking
20:44that's
20:44really
20:45clever
20:45certainly
20:46the mandate
20:47wasn't
20:47to be
20:47broadcasting
20:48political
20:49concerts
20:50but
20:50you have
20:51to
20:51sometimes
20:51find out
20:52how you
20:52get
20:52through
20:53the
20:53water
20:53without
20:53getting
20:54wet
20:54if
20:55you're
20:55a
20:55fan
20:55of
20:55rock
20:56music
20:56pop
20:56music
20:57at
20:57all
20:57the
20:58idea
20:58behind
20:58it
20:59is
20:59that
20:59the
20:59day
21:00after
21:00the
21:00concert
21:01you
21:02go
21:02and
21:02check
21:02it
21:03out
21:03for
21:03yourself
21:03there
21:04were
21:04elements
21:05in
21:06the
21:06young
21:06conservatives
21:07who
21:08were
21:08virulently
21:09racist
21:09and
21:10some
21:10of
21:10them
21:11even
21:11had
21:11badges
21:12and
21:12t-shirts
21:12with
21:13hang
21:14Mandela
21:14yesterday
21:15the
21:16South
21:16Africans
21:16criticized
21:17the
21:17BBC's
21:18plans
21:18to
21:18televise
21:19a
21:19concert
21:19this
21:20Saturday
21:20which
21:20marks
21:21the
21:2170th
21:22birthday
21:22of
21:22Nelson
21:23Mandela
21:23the
21:23imprisoned
21:24leader
21:24of
21:25the
21:25ANC
21:25at
21:26Westminster
21:2624
21:27Conservative
21:27MPs
21:28have
21:28added
21:29their
21:29voice
21:29they've
21:30put
21:30down
21:30a
21:32the
21:33plan
21:33there
21:33are
21:34people
21:34wanting
21:34reform
21:35in
21:35South
21:35Africa
21:35but
21:36they
21:36want
21:36peaceful
21:36reform
21:37what
21:37simple
21:38minds
21:38are
21:38looking
21:38for
21:38is
21:39violent
21:39reform
21:39the
21:40BBC
21:41were
21:41talking
21:41on
21:42something
21:42that
21:42they
21:42knew
21:42was
21:43a
21:43political
21:43hot
21:44potato
21:44but
21:45they
21:45had
21:45the
21:46courage
21:47to
21:47do
21:48that
21:48there
21:49is
21:49going
21:49to
21:49be
21:49a
21:49rock
21:49concert
21:50in
21:50London's
21:50Wembley
21:51Stadium
21:51tomorrow
21:51that's
21:52billed
21:52as
21:52bigger
21:52than
21:53Live
21:538
21:53you
21:54know
21:54you
21:54have
21:54this
22:13thank you
22:16I'm
22:17being ok
22:38Eu lembro a música que nós escrevamos para o evento.
22:43Ele foi chamado Mandela Day.
22:51O jogador do time, Mick McNeil, ele estava set up a drum pass,
22:57e a primeira coisa que ele colocou, ele somava como um heartbeat.
23:02E eu pensava, que é ótimo, um heartbeat? Ele é um humano.
23:06Quando você pensa em Mandela, ele era quase um mito.
23:11O último imagem do movimento anti-apartheid estava usando, ele ainda era um jovem.
23:16Ele era 25 anos, ele era um homem.
23:19Ele era um homem, ele era um homem.
23:24E o freedom se movia mais perto cada dia.
23:26Então essa ideia de esse mito, sim, ele é um mito, mas ele não é um mito.
23:31Ele é um humano.
23:41Ele era um homem.
23:54para ser livre, isso não só dizia para nós sermos presos, mas dizia para nós sermos presos
24:02como um país.
24:11As pessoas, eles foram sendo trazidos para isso, por apenas o peso, se você quiser,
24:18do talento que eles vão assistir.
24:22Mas o que eles então conseguem...
24:28É algo muito diferente.
24:30Não é verdade, que não importa o que a consulha do South Africa diz,
24:37não importa o que a senhora diz, o fato do que o fato é que Apartheid é errado.
24:46Eles foram informados por meio da apresentação, dizendo quem era o Mandela e o que Apartheid era.
24:51Eles tiveram essa experiência emocional.
25:19Apartheid é o que a senhora dizia.
25:23Eu senti que você foi parte de uma grande mudança.
25:32Eu me senti muito orgulho, de fato,
25:37de o que nós fizemos como movimento.
25:45E eu pensei, f*** os Tores, nós fizemos isso.
26:06Eu me informo Mandela sobre um concerto que foi na U.K.,
26:09performando para ele, para o dia 70.
26:23Nós voltamos para dizer um feliz aniversário,
26:27nós não temos nada.
26:30Nós só começamos para dizer que nós lamos.
26:40Nós gostamos de fazer um recordado.
26:45Ela foi muito feliz.
26:47Ela gostou muito, ela gostou.
26:49Dois você, Mandela amou música.
26:50Ela amou música.
26:52Nós apenas gostamos de dizer
26:55Happy Birthday
26:57Happy Birthday, Nelson Mandela
27:00Nós apenas gostamos de dizer
27:04Up here
27:05We love you
27:08And we need it from the bottom of our hearts
27:17Of our hearts
27:20We love you from the bottom of our hearts
27:34That global broadcast event reached 600 million people
27:38600 million people
27:40When there were only 5 billion in the world
27:42Probably 100 countries broadcasters across the world broadcasting
27:46A tribute to Nelson Mandela
27:49When he's in prison still
27:54It's sort of
27:57The apartheid government had lost
28:02We were aware of it
28:04It was necessary
28:05For all members of the State Security Council
28:08And all members of parliament in fact
28:10To take note of that
28:11And to help think
28:12How do we respond?
28:16After that concert
28:17Everybody wanted to be Mandela's friend
28:20There was a shift from Margaret Thatcher
28:23You know, because they want votes
28:24And they could see how popular the campaign was
28:29Our cause was now supported by the entire world
28:34The apartheid South Africa was completely isolated
28:46Nelson Mandela was admitted to Cape Town's Tigerburg Hospital yesterday
28:50Since then, he's had tests on his left lung
28:53His wife, Winnie, who returned to visit him today
28:57Was shocked by his condition then
28:59Though doctors have said he has since improved
29:02There was concern within government
29:04That the clock is ticking
29:06Mandela is 70 years old
29:08He's had health issues
29:10Within hours of Nelson Mandela's secret transfer
29:13To this comfortable Cape Town clinic
29:15He was visited in his £40 a day private room
29:18By the Minister of Justice
29:20One of several ministers favouring his release
29:22So it all became a little precarious
29:26He could go at any time
29:27And there would be no replacement
29:30If we're going to get this understanding and settlement done
29:33We better do it pretty soon
29:35If he had died in prison
29:38You know, that would have been a terrible thing
29:42Mr Mandela was suddenly moved from a Cape Town clinic
29:45To the grounds of a rural prison
29:46He occupies a house
29:48Said by the South African government
29:50To be comfortable and secure
29:51But he remains a prisoner behind barbed wire
29:56When I reached Victor Fester
29:58I was very sorry
30:00Because I was leaving my colleagues behind
30:04But after a few weeks
30:06I loved it
30:07You know that period
30:08I was visiting there at least three to four days a week
30:11I was there quite a lot of times
30:13Where we take Walter Susulu
30:15On one basis to meet Mandela for the day
30:18Then later we take the whole Rivonia trial group there
30:21To meet him for the day
30:22Suddenly Mandela had control
30:25He saw a tremendous trail of people
30:28Mainly obviously anti-apartheid people
30:30Trade unionists, politicians
30:32He was then able to basically see anybody he wanted
30:39So at the height of the movement to free Mandela
30:42Both domestically and internationally
30:44At this point
30:47A bomb literally explodes
30:50According to police
30:51The decomposed body of Stompy McKenzie
30:53Was found on an open space of land in Soweto
30:56After an anonymous telephone call
30:58We hear that something has gone badly wrong
31:01With Winnie Mandela
31:03So when she came back to Soweto
31:06She formed this thing called the Mandela Football Club
31:09Which was basically a bunch of former convicts
31:12And various people sort of cobbled together
31:15And the football club were if you like
31:18Her bodyguards basically
31:21The story is that a young activist
31:24Stompy McKenzie has died as a result
31:26Of being assaulted
31:28By the football club
31:31And Winnie Mandela was present
31:34For the first time
31:35Graffiti on the streets of Johannesburg
31:37Attacking Winnie Mandela
31:39A public fall from grace
31:41Providing perfect propaganda
31:42For her enemies
31:44Things really got out of hand
31:46By that time
31:48I called
31:51And I told her
31:52I've just seen the news
31:56She was silent
32:01That it could even be
32:04Dreamed that I would be
32:06Responsible for the murder
32:08Of a child
32:10When I have spent all my life
32:13Fighting against these injustices
32:16Appalls me
32:18Clearly things had gone very badly wrong
32:21With the football club
32:22Mrs. Mandela arrived in Cape Town this morning
32:25And left immediately for the Victor Verstere prison
32:27Where her husband Nelson is being held
32:31That was a crucial moment
32:33That was the moment in which the whole thing
32:35Could have exploded completely
32:38When he was under intense investigation
32:40And it would take a couple of years
32:43To get to the bottom of the whole story
32:45Mrs. Mandela has refused to discuss
32:47Her conversation with her husband
32:49But he's known to have been deeply concerned
32:51By the so-called football club
32:53Which has done little to honor his name
32:56It was the worst time of her life
33:00At her lowest
33:01And of course
33:02Even poor Nelson Mandela
33:05Tried but could not do much
33:07Apartheid
33:10Ultimately
33:11Came out in its worst form
33:14The worst side
33:16Of Winnie Mandela
33:18Oh, it was the saddest thing
33:20Of his life
33:22Because he loved his wife
33:24He loved Winnie
33:29And in the end
33:31That marriage broke down
33:41The Iron Curtain
33:43Was being torn down
33:45The Berlin Wall
33:47Brick by brick
33:48Pushed over
33:50The world was more malleable
33:52And people had told you
33:54This could never happen
33:56But it was happening
33:57And it just felt like a moment
34:00Where everything was possible
34:04The Global West
34:05Was now calling for the end of a party
34:07To come
34:09ASAP
34:09And there was no more time left
34:12The President of South Africa
34:14P.W. Borta
34:15Has resigned as leader
34:16Of the ruling National Party
34:18Mr. Borta
34:19Who's 73
34:19Suffered a stroke
34:20Two weeks ago
34:21The Education Minister
34:23F.W. de Klerk
34:24Will take over
34:25As party leader
34:27We are in contact
34:28With the ANC
34:29At the moment
34:30With regard
34:31To the possibility
34:32Of a meeting
34:32It had become politically imperative
34:36To release him
34:38And to have him participate
34:41F.W. de Klerk
34:43Had only one significant meeting
34:45With Mandela
34:46And Mandela did not want to be released
34:49On pretorius terms
34:51He wanted to be released
34:53On his terms
34:53He wanted to be released
34:55When his colleagues
34:56Were all out of prison
34:57And the ANC
34:59To prepare the ground
35:00For his release
35:03It never dawned on me
35:04That he would be one day released
35:06He invited all of us
35:08We had lunch
35:09We sat down
35:11And he told us
35:12We will be released
35:13They were like music
35:14To my ears
35:16I wish to put it plain
35:18That the government
35:19Has taken a firm decision
35:20To release Mr. Mandela
35:23Unconditioned
35:26You know
35:27Without our identity
35:28We ceased to exist
35:29And for him
35:32His identity
35:34No one was ever
35:35Going to take his identity
35:36Not apartheid
35:37Not imprisonment
35:39Not anything
35:52I have fought
35:54Against white domination
35:56And I have fought
35:59Against black domination
36:07I have cherished
36:09The idea
36:10Of a democratic
36:12And free society
36:13In which all persons
36:16Live together
36:17In harm
36:23It is an idea
36:24For which I hope
36:26To live for
36:28But my love
36:29If it needs be
36:31It is an idea
36:33For which I am prepared
36:36To die
36:43This is Victor
36:44Versed a prison
36:45Outside Cape Town
36:46On the 11th of February
36:471990
36:48In a few moments
36:49Nelson Mandela
36:50Is due to walk away
36:51From here
36:52After 27 years
36:53Of incarceration
36:54In South African jails
37:05There is Mr. Mandela
37:06Mr. Nelson Mandela
37:08A free man
37:09Taking his first steps
37:12Into a new South Africa
37:24He finally walks out
37:27And it was just
37:28It was really surreal
37:38Tens, perhaps hundreds
37:39Of thousands
37:39Of South Africans
37:40Gathered in the center
37:41Of Cape Town
37:42To welcome the leader
37:43Whose prestige
37:44Has never been higher
37:47I stand here
37:49Before you
37:52Not as a prophet
37:56But as a heart and seven
37:58Of you
38:00The leader
38:01I must confess
38:11Because I am unable
38:13To describe my emotions
38:15I was completely overwhelmed
38:19By the enthusiasm
38:21I have lost a great deal
38:24Over those 27 years
38:27Despite the hard times
38:28That we have had in prison
38:30There have been men
38:31You know
38:32Who are very good
38:33In the sense that
38:35They understand
38:37Our point of view
38:39And they do
38:40And they do everything
38:41To try and make you
38:42As happy as possible
38:44And that has wiped out
38:45Any bitterness
38:46Which a man could have
38:50When I think of myself
38:52During that time
38:53I was so happy
38:54To see him happy
38:58I was so happy
38:59To be part of the parcel
39:01To see him
39:02As a free man
39:05I was part of
39:07The advanced team
39:09That organized
39:10These first two
39:16Out of this world
39:21After all the years
39:23Of exile
39:24And all the suffering
39:26And everything
39:27It was such a validation
39:29People just
39:30But it was because
39:33Of Oliver Tambo's
39:35Anti-apartheid movement
39:38That he organized
39:39He is the architect
39:41Of all of that
39:43When I was released
39:45I made it a point
39:46That I was going
39:46To visit him
39:47Because
39:49He is the one man
39:51Who has been able
39:52To keep the organization
39:53Together for the last
39:54Three decades
39:59Ten months after
40:00The Nelson Mandela
40:01Seventieth birthday
40:02Tribute
40:03Mandela sends his lawyer
40:05Ishmael Ale
40:06To see me in London
40:08To say
40:09Would I do a second
40:11Global broadcast event
40:12They wish to give him
40:14A global platform
40:15As soon after
40:16He is released
40:16As possible
40:20And within 54 days
40:21Of his release
40:23We had the second
40:24Global broadcast event
40:2754 days later
40:29He was with us
40:47Dear friends here
40:49And Elsa in the world
40:55Thank you
40:56That you chose
40:59To care
41:05When you
41:07You worked with him
41:08Closely
41:09There was always
41:11A kind of
41:13Deep sadness
41:14It was
41:17The pain
41:18Of
41:20He carried the pain
41:22Of oppression
41:23Very personally
41:26There was always
41:28For me
41:29The picture
41:30Of this man
41:31Who
41:32Had given his life
41:35To the people
41:35Of South Africa
41:40The higher
41:42You build
41:42Your barriers
41:46The taller
41:48I become
41:52The further
41:54You take
41:55My rights
41:55Away
41:58The faster
42:00I will run
42:04You can deny me
42:07You can decide
42:10To turn
42:11Your face
42:13Away
42:17No man
42:18At all
42:19Something inside
42:22From strong
42:25I know
42:26That I can make it
42:28For you
42:30Doing me
42:30From
42:31So wrong
42:32When he was released
42:33I felt
42:34Yes
42:35You know
42:36I'm gonna have him
42:37To myself
42:38I'm gonna
42:39Go in
42:40To
42:40Have coffee
42:42We go to
42:43Movies
42:44That was
42:46Shattered
42:46Because he suddenly
42:47Became the grandfather
42:48Of the entire world
42:50Let alone
42:50South Africa
42:52When the choice
42:53Was made
42:55To him
42:55Who he would choose
42:57Between country
42:58And family
42:58He chose country
42:59Every time
43:01I was resentful
43:17One feels
43:18We cannot really
43:20Express what we feel
43:21For one
43:22Because part of ourselves
43:24Are mankind
43:24Power
43:27Is that
43:29That was
43:30That was
43:30That was
43:30A
43:31Black
43:33To
43:35To
43:37That
43:38If
43:39What
43:41He
43:43Who
43:44Has
43:45He
43:53Love
43:55You
44:02Nkosistigelele Africa, para mim, foi quase como uma oração muito profunda que me levou durante as antigas para dizer que
44:13aqui é onde nós chegamos.
44:15E a carreira e a caminho que nós viajamos sempre foi somente, mas nós temos que continuarmos com os soldados.
44:25Eu, Nelson Podestas de Mandela, tenho que ser feliz para a República da África da África da África.
44:40Nós trazemos o Apartheid. Nós conseguimos o nosso básico objetivo de destruir esse sistema de desigualdade da África da África.
44:49Nós ainda temos um grande caminho para ir, e muitas coisas são absolutamente intoleráveis.
44:55Mas o principal projeto da África da África da África da África tem sido realizado.
45:02Givendo as pessoas o direito e o direito de trazer mudanças para que todo mundo se sente que a África
45:11da África de todos que vivem nisso.
45:12O momento para a healing da África da África da África tem sido realizado.
45:16O momento para a prestar mudanças para que vivem nisso.
45:26O momento para a prestar mudanças para que vivem nisso.
45:30O momento e Jesus realizou tanto imaginado,
45:31o amor ao meio da África da África da África da África da África da África da África da África
45:41da África.
45:43Courtesy and respect.
45:45And I want to tell you that I believe you are a God-gifted person
45:51to be so tolerant.
45:54You feel embarrassed that that should have been done to Him.
45:58We didn't understand His wishes for His people properly.
46:05If we don't forgive them,
46:09then that feeling of guiltiness and revenge will be there.
46:14And we are saying let's concern ourselves with the present and the future.
46:20But to say the atrocities of the past will never be allowed to happen again.
46:29As long as our people were oppressed,
46:32it was my duty to be involved.
46:36If I had to live again, I would do that.
46:38That is the same thing.
46:44I would do that.
46:47I would do that.
46:51I would do that.
46:59I would do that.
47:19Support information for the issues raised can be found online at channel4.com
47:25slash support.
47:27Next tonight,
47:28Keir Starmer's resignation seen through the eyes of the celebrity goggle boxes.
47:33eating through the eyes of the American society.
47:40Like the salir of the eye of the goddess,
47:42like the spiritual woman.
47:43Take a look.
47:44Here is this story.
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