L'avvento del DNA nelle indagini forensi
#Crime #TrueCrime #Delitti #Misteri #Killer #SerialKiller #ColdCase #Cronaca #CronacaNera #Mistero #Delitto #Documentari #Documentario #Docu #Doc #DivinumCrime
#Crime #TrueCrime #Delitti #Misteri #Killer #SerialKiller #ColdCase #Cronaca #CronacaNera #Mistero #Delitto #Documentari #Documentario #Docu #Doc #DivinumCrime
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00:14Murder is as old as history, and the hunt for the killer has always existed.
00:24As investigators began to use science, new forensic tools were born.
00:31In the 1980s, a case in England revolutionized the fight against crime.
00:37Two 15-year-old girls less than three years apart, in more or less the same place.
00:43It seemed that there was only one person responsible for the crimes.
00:46The breakthrough in the investigation? DNA analysis, genetic fingerprinting.
00:51The prevailing belief was that DNA was not stable enough to be used in forensic investigations.
00:58But the results are truly unexpected.
01:02All the policemen were shocked when they received the news.
01:07They couldn't believe it. It was a hard blow.
01:11Two decades later, DNA analysis reaches the final proof,
01:16enabling the capture of one of America's most notorious serial killers.
01:23DNA has become the king of evidence.
01:55Wichita, Kansas. Spring of 2004.
01:58A newspaper reporter enters a police station.
02:02He is holding a letter that the officers absolutely must read.
02:06A one-page document, containing three Polaroid photos and a copy of a driver's license.
02:15The photos show a woman lying on the floor.
02:22The driving licence is in the name of Vicky Waggerly.
02:31Wichita investigators know that name well.
02:35In the 80s Vicky had been the victim of a brutal murder,
02:39one of the famous cold cases.
02:41A case that is still open after 20 years.
02:49The girl was killed in '86.
02:52His body was removed by emergency responders
02:55or before the police arrive.
02:57So there were no other photos of Vicky lying on the floor like that.
03:03It wasn't the work of our photographers.
03:07Which can only mean one thing.
03:12Knowing the case well, it was obvious that this was the killer.
03:21Vicky's hands are tied.
03:24A scarf tied tightly around the neck.
03:28And there's something else.
03:35There was an acronym at the bottom of the document.
03:38A familiar and chilling signature.
03:42The letters B, T, K.
03:48BTK stands for Bind, Torture, Kill.
03:59Wichita Investigators
04:01They begin investigating BTK in 1974.
04:06His first murder was actually a small massacre
04:10which occurred in east Wichita.
04:13The Otero family was exterminated
04:16on the morning of January 15, 1974.
04:25All four had been strangled,
04:28they had been tied up
04:29and the daughter had been hanged in the basement.
04:34Soon all the shops ran out of padlocks.
04:38In the city, people began to lock their doors.
04:41Wichita was a community where no one had this habit.
04:45There was no need to worry about anything.
04:48But this is just the beginning.
04:54BTK strikes again.
05:01In about ten years he kills seven people.
05:09Suddenly in Wichita, Kansas, there was a serial killer.
05:13People were scared to death.
05:15In Wichita in the 1970s, no one told children the story of the bogeyman,
05:20but everyone was afraid of BTK.
05:23This man cast a shadow over the city that people who have not lived here cannot understand.
05:32BTK feeds on this fear.
05:35In his letters he boldly mocks those who hunt him.
05:39BTK sent a letter with a question today.
05:41How many people do I have to kill before I see my name in a newspaper?
05:46He wanted to get attention.
05:48He loved writing letters to newspapers.
05:50And he loved writing letters to us, too.
05:53Local police collaborate with the FBI in a nationwide manhunt.
05:59They study every possible clue.
06:01They follow every possible lead.
06:05No detail is insignificant.
06:08A lot of work was done to determine the type of paper, the copier or even the typewriter
06:15which had been used to draft those letters.
06:17For decades, investigators have relied on fingerprints, the only reliable evidence to frame a suspect.
06:30But BTK is smart.
06:33He left no fingerprints at any crime scene.
06:36However, a trace is found in the Otero house.
06:40Seminal fluid.
06:41The body fluid that contains sperm.
06:46Sometimes seminal fluid contains antibodies that can reveal a person's blood type.
06:52It would be helpful if BTK had a very rare blood type, such as AB negative.
06:57Of the eight most common blood types, only 1% of people are AB negative.
07:04If BTK is blood type A or O, like most Americans, he would be one of many millions of
07:11possible suspects.
07:14But it is not possible to extract the blood type from BTK's seminal fluid, and so BTK continues to kill.
07:29Then, in the mid-1980s, BTK disappears.
07:34He stopped killing and stopped communicating.
07:37In practice, BTK became a cold case, because there was no longer any activity.
07:43Maybe he was in prison, maybe he was dead, or maybe he had moved somewhere else.
07:47No one expected him to return, especially after all that time had passed.
07:52When 14 or 15 years pass between one murder and the next, you think it's a closed case,
07:58of a cold case.
07:58Nobody thought of his return.
08:08Now, 25 years later, the gruesome document turned over to Wichita police proves BTK is back.
08:17Ready to kill again.
08:21A whole new generation of people was terrified.
08:27But today the police have a new exceptional weapon.
08:30A forensic tool that can transform almost anything the human body produces,
08:35from hair, to skin, to seminal fluid, in incontrovertible proof.
08:41The DNA profile
08:44Long before arriving in the laboratories of the scientific police, DNA had fascinated scientists,
08:51who had understood that it represented the starting brick on which life developed.
08:57In 1953, researchers James Watson and Francis Crick used X-rays to reveal the appearance of DNA,
09:06the famous double helix.
09:07Thirty years after Watson and Crick's discovery, DNA is used for the first time to demonstrate a
09:14paternity.
09:18And it was only in the 1980s, through DNA analysis, that a murderer was caught for the first time.
09:26November 1983, Leicestershire, England.
09:31A typical Monday night for an ordinary girl.
09:35Linda Mann was a bright and very pretty student, who attended school in the small town of Narboro.
09:42On a cold evening in November 1983, after working as a babysitter,
09:48He took a shortcut along a path called Black Pad.
10:19The next morning, a man is walking on time.
10:21As he was walking along that path, he saw the body of a girl.
10:30This is Linda Mann.
10:33She had been strangled, probably with her own scarf.
10:41and she had also been raped.
10:49All searches were carried out at the crime scene and in the surrounding areas.
10:57The agents comb the area looking for clues, blood, objects, pieces of tissue, anything that could lead to the
11:05'murderer.
11:06There were traces of seminal fluid on the body.
11:11The police immediately have the semen sample analyzed.
11:18Antibodies present in the seminal fluid reveal that the murderer's blood belongs to type A.
11:24It's not much help, though.
11:26Type A is one of the most common blood types.
11:37The field was narrowed down to a few million people who were living in England at the time.
11:44So the blood type alone is useless for investigators.
11:48Science can do no more to find Linda Mann's killer.
11:53For three years the investigators grope in the dark, until a new shock hits Leicestershire again.
12:05Someone rapes and kills another girl.
12:10Dawn Ashworth.
12:13The attack is eerily similar to that suffered by Linda Mann.
12:17Two 15 year old girls less than three years apart,
12:21more or less in the same place.
12:28The police immediately came to the conclusion that probably
12:33Linda Mann's killer
12:37he had also killed Dawn Ashworth.
12:42Three years after the murder of Linda Mann
12:45in Eistershire in England,
12:47a girl of the same age
12:49is the victim of the same tragic fate,
12:52in the same area.
12:56Dawn Ashworth too
12:57she was a very pretty girl,
12:59brilliant, a good student.
13:02He lived in the village of Enderby.
13:04She too that evening
13:05he was walking along a path.
13:08Dawn never comes home again.
13:10The frantic searches
13:12they end in pain and horror.
13:16She had been strangled
13:18and she had also been sexually abused.
13:25Even in this case
13:27Police find seminal fluid
13:28and is again subjected
13:30to the only test that investigators
13:32they have at their disposal.
13:34The results show that the blood
13:36of Dawn's killer
13:37belongs to group A,
13:39the same group as Linda Mann's killer.
13:42The first impression was
13:44that the same person
13:45was responsible
13:46of the murder of both girls.
13:51But suddenly
13:52It seems that the investigators
13:54they no longer need
13:55of the help of science.
13:58A local boy,
14:00Richard Buckland,
14:01he starts talking about the murder
14:03together with his friends.
14:05The police
14:07he summons him for questioning.
14:09He said he had seen
14:11Don Ashworth
14:12to invoke
14:12Ten Pound Lane
14:14the night he disappeared.
14:18He described some things
14:20relating to the crime scene.
14:23Things
14:23which, according to investigators,
14:26he shouldn't have known.
14:30He failed to rebuild
14:32satisfactorily
14:34his movements
14:35in that
14:36July 31st.
14:39No, it wasn't me.
14:42After hours of interrogation,
14:44Buckland collapses.
14:48He confessed to the murder
14:50by Don Ashworth.
14:55When the investigators
14:57they bring up
14:57the murder of Linda Mann,
14:59they expect Buckland
15:00you also claim this crime.
15:02He categorically denied
15:04any involvement
15:05in the murder of Linda Mann.
15:07Exactly to that
15:08that they don't expect to hear.
15:11We were convinced
15:12that if he had killed him
15:13one of the girls,
15:15then he had to be responsible
15:16even of the death of the other.
15:21the circumstances
15:23they let people believe that
15:24it couldn't have been
15:27no one else.
15:31Agent Baker
15:33it is determined
15:34to solve
15:34both cases.
15:36It is certain that
15:37Richard Buckland
15:38killed
15:39both Linda Mann
15:39that Don Ashworth.
15:41In an attempt
15:42to demonstrate
15:43his thesis,
15:44Baker
15:44he has an idea
15:45unusual.
15:47But he can't
15:47imagine
15:48the impact
15:48that his idea
15:49will have
15:50on history
15:51of crime.
15:54Since
15:55Watson and Crick
15:56they discovered
15:57the double helix
15:58in 1953
15:59DNA
16:00and its mysteries
16:01they attracted
16:02generations of scientists.
16:04The most important ones
16:05researchers
16:06who deal with
16:07of DNA
16:07they work right
16:08where it operates
16:09Agent Baker.
16:11At the time
16:12I knew
16:13that the doctor
16:14Alec Jeffries
16:15he was working
16:17at the university
16:18of Leicester
16:18to some tests
16:20on DNA
16:21which concerned
16:22paternity
16:22of some immigrants.
16:24The thing
16:25that made me
16:25reflect
16:26era
16:27that through
16:28DNA
16:29Jeffries
16:30he had succeeded
16:32to establish
16:32that a child
16:33it really was
16:34the son
16:34of people
16:35which they declared
16:36to be
16:37his parents.
16:40Dr. Jeffries
16:42he knows that everyone
16:43human DNA
16:44they are almost identical.
16:45Over 99%
16:47of our DNA
16:48it's identical
16:49to that
16:49of all other people.
16:51This allows us
16:52to have all
16:52two ears,
16:53two eyes,
16:54a nose,
16:54four fingers
16:55and a thumb
16:55on each hand.
16:57But Jeffries
16:58wants to know more
16:59on that little one
17:00residual percentage.
17:01In 1984
17:03discovers a part
17:04of DNA
17:05which is unique
17:06for each individual.
17:08A sort of
17:09of imprint
17:10digital
17:10genetics.
17:13The work
17:14by Dr. Jeffries
17:15it brings to mind
17:16a question
17:17to Agent Baker.
17:18If the DNA
17:19can demonstrate
17:20a paternity
17:21it could also
17:22be able to demonstrate
17:23if Richard Buckland
17:24it really is
17:25the killer
17:25by Don Ashworth
17:26and Linda Mann?
17:29It's a gamble
17:31risky.
17:31The champion
17:32available
17:33by Baker,
17:34three years old,
17:35it might not be
17:36more suitable for the test.
17:37Moreover
17:38it's about
17:38of samples
17:39found
17:39on a scene
17:40of crime,
17:41preserved
17:41in the warehouses
17:42of the police
17:43and handled
17:44from people
17:44inexperienced.
17:45Of course
17:46the champions
17:46they are not fresh
17:47and therefore
17:48could result
17:49completely useless.
17:51In 1985
17:52the situation
17:53this was it.
17:54There was a technique
17:55very interesting
17:56but in fact
17:58we didn't know
17:59if it could have been
17:59become useful
18:00in the field
18:01of forensic sciences.
18:03But the police
18:04it's ready
18:05to experiment
18:06anything.
18:07delivery to the laboratory
18:08the champions
18:09collected
18:09on the scene
18:10of crime.
18:11The researchers
18:11they know DNA
18:12but they don't have it
18:13never used
18:14to solve
18:15a crime.
18:16Nobody
18:17can imagine
18:18the results
18:18of this test
18:19never done before.
18:22First of all
18:23the technicians
18:23they extract the DNA
18:25diluting the sample.
18:26At the time
18:27there was a need
18:28of a sample
18:28big enough
18:29to trace
18:30a profile
18:30of DNA
18:31after which
18:32Jeffries
18:32must identify
18:33the fragments
18:34of DNA
18:35which characterize
18:36a specific person.
18:37To do this
18:38uses a technique
18:39call
18:40RFLP
18:41polymorphism
18:42by length
18:43of the fragments
18:44of restriction.
18:45In practice
18:46consists
18:46in cutting
18:48DNA
18:49in segments
18:50of different sizes.
18:55to get
18:56the profile
18:57of DNA
18:57Jeffries
18:58must order
18:59the fragments
19:00depending on
19:00of the measure
19:01then the champion
19:02is put
19:03at the end
19:03of a plate
19:04of gel.
19:08The technicians
19:10they then apply
19:10a current
19:11electric.
19:12Electricity
19:13let the fragments pass
19:14through the gel.
19:16The gel
19:17acts
19:17practically
19:18like a sieve.
19:19the small fragments
19:21they manage to get through
19:22quickly
19:22through it.
19:24The largest fragments
19:24they cross it
19:25more slowly.
19:26In the end
19:27of this process
19:28we get a plate
19:29from X-rays
19:30which brings
19:30imprinted
19:31a sort
19:31of barcode.
19:33They might seem
19:34random spots
19:35but this barcode
19:37it's unique.
19:40For a century
19:41fingerprints
19:42they were
19:43the most important
19:44instrument
19:44of identification.
19:46It has never been
19:47match found
19:48between two people
19:49in the world.
19:51If scientists
19:53they could do it
19:54the same thing
19:54with DNA
19:55a substance present
19:57in each cell
19:57of each organism
19:59it would be a real one
20:00revolution.
20:04Soon
20:04the results are coming.
20:09DNA
20:11taken
20:11on the scene
20:12of the crime
20:13by Linda Mann
20:13and Don Ashworth
20:14it's exactly
20:16the same.
20:16the two murders
20:19they had been
20:19clerks
20:20from the same person.
20:27Then the story
20:28has a twist
20:29pending.
20:31The profile
20:32of DNA
20:32it doesn't match
20:33to that
20:34of the only one
20:34suspected.
20:37Richard Buckland
20:39which even has
20:40confessed
20:41the murder
20:41by Don Ashworth.
20:46Despite
20:47his
20:47tormented confession
20:49Buckland
20:49actually
20:50he didn't kill
20:51Nobody.
20:52All the policemen
20:54they were shocked
20:55when they received
20:56the news.
20:57They couldn't
20:58believe it.
21:02It was a hard blow.
21:04We had a lot of doubts
21:05of reliability
21:06of the evidence
21:07that they had introduced to us.
21:09On the one hand
21:09we wanted to believe it
21:10but they indicated
21:12clearly
21:12that Buckland
21:13it wasn't at all
21:14the person
21:15that we thought
21:16that it was.
21:17November 1986
21:19the judges
21:21they gather
21:21to analyze
21:22the case
21:23by Richard Buckland.
21:25The public
21:26ministry
21:27of the crown
21:27after taking
21:29under consideration
21:30the investigations
21:31scientific
21:31he decided
21:32in a place
21:33to proceed
21:34towards
21:35of Mr.
21:36Buckland.
21:37Forensic science
21:39reverse
21:39completely
21:40the situation.
21:42The first use
21:43of the profile
21:44of DNA
21:45he didn't frame
21:46a suspicion
21:47but rather
21:47he acquitted him.
21:49It was something
21:51shocking.
21:52The first use
21:53served to acquit
21:54a defendant
21:55that otherwise
21:56would have had
21:57good chances
21:58to end up in prison
21:59for a crime
21:59which he had not committed.
22:04but if it wasn't
22:06Buckland
22:06to kill
22:07the girls
22:08who was it?
22:11Somewhere
22:12there was someone
22:13responsible
22:14of the murder
22:15of the two girls
22:16to succeed
22:17to take it
22:17we had to
22:19do something
22:20of different
22:20from this
22:21what we had done
22:22until then.
22:24Now
22:25the police
22:25has at his disposal
22:27a tool
22:27in addition
22:27for the investigations
22:28the profile
22:29of DNA.
22:30The only thing
22:31that is missing
22:32it's a suspicion
22:33murderer.
22:46In Wichita
22:47in Kansas
22:47BTK
22:48he tortured
22:49and killed
22:50his victims
22:50long before
22:51that it was discovered
22:52the profile
22:53of DNA.
22:54But now
22:55the investigators
22:56they have the science
22:57on their side.
22:58The old investigations
22:59they can still
23:00be very helpful.
23:02A tool
23:03important
23:03that we had
23:04in all these cases
23:05it was the DNA.
23:08In 2004
23:09the investigators
23:11they have now
23:11perfected
23:12the techniques
23:12to get
23:13the profile
23:14of DNA.
23:15The laboratories
23:15they manage to get
23:17a genetic profile
23:17much faster.
23:19But in Wichita
23:20DNA
23:20it remained
23:21for about 30 years
23:22on a shelf.
23:24The investigators
23:25who work
23:25to the case
23:26by BTK
23:26they don't know
23:27if their
23:28champions
23:28have resisted
23:29to the test
23:30of time.
23:31Some evidence
23:32which were
23:33initially
23:33catalogued
23:34included
23:35clothes
23:35and the material
23:36remained below
23:37the nails
23:37by Vicky
23:38Wegerly.
23:45The system
23:47used
23:47over the years
23:4880
23:48what
23:49he exonerated
23:49Richard Buckland
23:50it was very slow
23:51and required
23:51champions
23:52very large.
23:53Now instead
23:54to the technicians
23:55small ones are enough
23:55portions
23:56of material
23:57genetic
23:57why scientists
23:58they found
23:59a system
23:59to exploit
24:00the extraordinary
24:01capacity
24:02who has DNA
24:03to reply
24:04himself.
24:05It's a reaction
24:06what happens
24:07in a natural way
24:08within
24:08of the cells.
24:09Every time
24:10that ours
24:11skin
24:11skin
24:12dead cells
24:12for example
24:13continues
24:14constantly
24:15to generate it
24:16other.
24:20Each of our
24:21cell
24:22contains
24:22DNA.
24:24To do
24:25to reproduce
24:25the cells
24:26the body
24:27performs
24:27copies
24:27of DNA.
24:28Making sure
24:30that DNA
24:30produce copies
24:31of himself
24:32the technicians
24:33they can manipulate
24:34a small one
24:34fragment
24:35to perform
24:35on it
24:36many tests
24:37they can do it
24:38through
24:39a process
24:39called
24:39PCR
24:40reaction
24:41chain
24:41from the
24:42polymerase.
24:43The advantage
24:44principal
24:44of this
24:45technique
24:45is that you can
24:46obtain
24:47a profile
24:47of DNA
24:48from a sample
24:49even extremely
24:51small.
24:52The champion
24:53of DNA
24:54is brought
24:55at a temperature
24:56very high.
24:59The heat
25:00separate the filaments
25:01of DNA.
25:02The temperature
25:03is lowered
25:04and enzymes
25:05called
25:05DNA
25:06polymerase
25:06they do yes
25:07that is kind
25:07a filament
25:08complementary
25:09until the new
25:10piece
25:10of DNA
25:11it's big
25:11Enough
25:12to be
25:13analyzed.
25:16This
25:16it's the way
25:17where it works
25:18normally
25:18the technique
25:19PCR
25:20with DNA
25:20fresh
25:21handled
25:22with attention
25:22by scientists
25:23well prepared.
25:24But it could
25:25not to be
25:25this is the case.
25:26The police
25:27fears that the champions
25:28by BTK
25:29are too much
25:30deteriorated.
25:31They come from
25:32from a scene
25:32of the crime
25:33and they are older
25:34of some
25:34of people
25:35that operate
25:35in the laboratory.
25:36The investigators
25:38they are waiting
25:38with anxiety
25:39an answer.
25:41Shelley Stedman
25:43he provides it to them
25:43a
25:44over 20 years
25:45after the sample
25:46it was finished
25:46in the hands
25:47of the police.
25:48We succeeded
25:49to get
25:50a profile
25:51good quality
25:51both from the sample
25:53harvest
25:53on the sock
25:54by Giusefino Tero
25:57That
25:58from below
25:59the nails
26:00by BTK
26:01Wagerly.
26:05Finally
26:06the police
26:07has at his disposal
26:08an identikit
26:09genetic
26:09by BTK.
26:14But Shelley
26:15Now
26:15can't
26:16do something else.
26:17At that point
26:18the technology
26:19of DNA
26:20had done
26:21everything possible
26:22to solve
26:23the case.
26:24We had to
26:25just understand
26:25who it belonged to
26:27that profile
26:28genetic.
26:29Everyone has
26:29a hope
26:30the CODIS.
26:32CODIS
26:33it's the acronym
26:34which identifies
26:34a database
26:35of profiles
26:36genetic
26:36containing
26:37the results
26:38of the test
26:38of DNA
26:39performed
26:40on various criminals.
26:41For years
26:42the forces
26:42of the order
26:43they updated
26:44this database.
26:45Arrived in 2004
26:46the CODIS
26:47now contains
26:48over a million
26:48and a half
26:49of genetic profiles.
26:50The investigators
26:51they hope
26:52that one of them
26:52belongs
26:53to BTK.
26:54We have inserted
26:55the champions
26:55within
26:56of the database
26:57to compare them
26:58with the champions
26:59that had been
27:00get ready
27:00from other laboratories.
27:10But the CODIS
27:12It's not helpful.
27:19We knew
27:20that the murderer
27:21it was just one person
27:22and that
27:23in the database
27:25CODIS
27:25had never been
27:27inserted
27:28his profile
27:29genetic.
27:30That's all there is to it
27:31who know.
27:32If BTK
27:33will not kill
27:34again
27:34or it won't come out
27:35out in the open
27:36the police
27:37will not have the opportunity
27:38to put on
27:38on his trail.
27:45November 1986
27:47Leicestershire
27:48England.
27:50For the first time
27:52in history
27:52the police
27:53he used
27:54the DNA profile
27:55for a case
27:55of murder.
27:57But instead
27:58to find
27:59the killer
27:59the test
28:01he exonerated
28:01the only suspect
28:02for the murders
28:03by Linda Mann
28:04and Don Ashworth.
28:07At that point
28:08we asked ourselves
28:09how can we
28:09proceed now.
28:11The investigators
28:12they believe
28:12that someone
28:13of the place
28:14must correspond
28:15to that profile
28:15of DNA
28:16Therefore
28:17they are looking for
28:17to use
28:18in a manner
28:18more effective
28:19this new one
28:20revolutionary
28:21instrument.
28:22We decided
28:22that we would have
28:23used
28:24DNA
28:24and we would have
28:26taken
28:26champions
28:27of blood
28:27of all people
28:29who lived
28:30in three countries
28:30of the area.
28:31It had already been
28:32done in the past
28:33but not with blood
28:35it had been done
28:36with footprints
28:37digital.
28:38The investigators
28:39in other parts
28:40of the country
28:40they had taken
28:42the footprints
28:42digital
28:43of all
28:43the inhabitants
28:44of a village
28:45or of an area
28:46urban.
28:47So
28:47if it had been
28:48made with
28:49the footprints
28:49digital
28:50we could
28:50do it too
28:51with blood.
28:52First case
28:53to the world
28:54the police
28:55unleash
28:55a hunt
28:56to DNA
28:56in Eistershire.
28:58The police
28:59asks everyone
28:59the men
29:00of age
29:00included
29:01between the 17
29:01and the 34
29:02years
29:03to provide
29:03one of its own
29:04sample
29:04of blood.
29:05Knowing
29:06that the blood
29:06of the murderer
29:07it is from group A
29:08all of those
29:08that they have
29:09a different one
29:09blood type
29:10they are automatically
29:11exonerated.
29:12In this way
29:13we could have eliminated
29:14three quarters
29:15of the suspects
29:16staying with
29:17a thousand people
29:18of which
29:18then it was necessary
29:19analyze the profile
29:21of DNA.
29:22It's about
29:23Anyway
29:23of a company
29:24titanic.
29:25At that time
29:26they needed us
29:27about two weeks
29:28to obtain
29:28a profile
29:29of DNA.
29:32it was a system
29:33Really
29:34archaic
29:35was needed
29:35a lot of work
29:36a process
29:37long
29:37and expensive.
29:39At that time
29:41there was only
29:42a group
29:42of people
29:43all over the world
29:44able
29:45to perform
29:45this test
29:46we were
29:47own
29:48at the beginning.
29:50The analyses
29:51and the control
29:52they came
29:52performed
29:53only
29:53from a half
29:54dozen
29:54of people.
29:56To perform
29:57the tests
29:58There are
29:59wanted
30:00beyond
30:00six months
30:01of work
30:01continuous
30:02Well yes
30:02he worked
30:03practically
30:03everyday.
30:06It was
30:06exhausting.
30:09Science
30:10forensic
30:11provides
30:12to the investigators
30:13some answers
30:13but not
30:14those that
30:14they expect.
30:19Nobody
30:19of the profiles
30:20genetic
30:21corresponds
30:21to that
30:22of the murderer
30:22by Linda Mann
30:23and Don Ashworth.
30:26Then
30:27a shot
30:28of luck.
30:30a woman
30:31he calls
30:32to the police.
30:34The woman
30:35tells
30:36who had
30:36participated
30:37at a party
30:38Together
30:39to others
30:39colleagues
30:40of work.
30:41During
30:41the evening
30:42one of the
30:42present
30:43a man
30:44by name
30:44Kelly
30:45had revealed
30:46of having provided
30:47one of his
30:47sample
30:47of blood
30:48in place
30:49of someone
30:49other.
30:51The agents
30:52they question
30:52Kelly.
30:53The man
30:54reveals
30:55that a friend
30:55he gave him
30:56200 pounds
30:57to perform
30:58the test
30:58to his
30:58place.
31:02It was called
31:02Pitchfork.
31:05Colin Pitchfork
31:06he is 27 years old.
31:07He works in a
31:08bakery
31:09and has two children.
31:10Lives nearby
31:11of Little Torp.
31:13It was pretty obvious
31:14that if Kelly
31:15had provided
31:16at Pitchfork
31:16the champion
31:17of blood
31:18there had to be
31:19something shady
31:20under.
31:22they checked
31:23the file
31:24by Pitchfork
31:24and they discovered
31:25which had been
31:26reported
31:27for obscene acts
31:27in a public place.
31:30September 19th
31:32of 1987
31:33the police
31:35arrest
31:35Pitchfork
31:36at home.
31:38After three years
31:40of futile attempts
31:41the investigators
31:42they might have
31:43in hand
31:43the right man.
31:47To prove it
31:48they perform
31:49the DNA test
31:50on Pitchfork.
31:52The exams
31:53of DNA
31:54they had already demonstrated
31:55which had been
31:56the same person
31:57to accomplish
31:58both crimes.
32:00The killer
32:01it really is
32:02Colin Pitchfork?
32:05The profile
32:06corresponded
32:07perfectly
32:08to the champions
32:08found
32:09on the bodies
32:10by Linda Mann
32:11and Don Ashworth.
32:16The odds
32:18that it was
32:18a coincidence
32:19they were of a
32:20out of many millions.
32:23In 1988
32:25for the first time
32:26in history
32:27are used
32:28the results
32:29of a test
32:29of DNA
32:30to condemn
32:31a defendant.
32:33Colin Pitchfork
32:34he is sentenced
32:36to life imprisonment.
32:40we understand that
32:41it was about
32:42of something
32:43that he would have had
32:45a global relevance.
32:47It was a technique
32:48That
32:49he couldn't
32:50to be ignored.
32:52In the future
32:52would certainly have
32:53contributed
32:54to help
32:55the investigators.
32:59the case
33:00Pitchfork
33:01jet
33:02in practice
33:03the basics
33:03for the future
33:05of the analyses
33:05of DNA.
33:08The profile
33:10of DNA
33:10helped
33:11the forces
33:12of the order.
33:13Today
33:13almost every track
33:14left by a criminal
33:15can lead
33:16to his
33:17identification.
33:19we can derive
33:20a profile
33:21genetic
33:22from any
33:24type of fluid
33:24bodily
33:25blood
33:26seminal fluid
33:27saliva
33:28we can get
33:29DNA
33:30even from cells
33:31dead epidermal
33:32it's a technique
33:33extremely powerful.
33:35In 1993
33:36DNA
33:38help
33:38to identify
33:39the remains
33:39of the last
33:40Tsar of Russia
33:41and his family members
33:4275 years old
33:43after their
33:44killing
33:45by
33:45of the revolutionaries
33:46Russians.
33:46DNA
33:48provides
33:49Furthermore
33:49a hope
33:50to all those
33:50that have been
33:51accused
33:52and condemned
33:53unfairly.
33:54In 1993
33:55DNA
33:56exonerates
33:56Kirk Bloodsworth
33:57the first convict
33:58to death
33:59saved right away
34:00thanks to this
34:00new method.
34:03Since 2004
34:04only the police
34:05of the United States
34:06he used
34:07DNA
34:07in at least
34:0820,000 investigations.
34:18in Wichita
34:19in Kansas
34:20the agents
34:20at work
34:21on the case
34:21by BTK
34:22they hope
34:22to find
34:23help
34:23in DNA.
34:25BTK
34:26was
34:27extremely
34:28meticulous.
34:29None
34:29of the tracks
34:30who left
34:31it could have been
34:31brought back
34:32to the crimes
34:33who committed
34:33but now
34:34the police
34:35has the DNA
34:36by BTK.
34:38They fear
34:39that can
34:39kill
34:40again.
34:45because of this
34:46they do
34:46that
34:47that the police
34:47English
34:48had done
34:48over the years
34:4980
34:49investigating
34:50on the case
34:50Pitchfork
34:52they throw
34:53a real one
34:54hunting
34:54to DNA
34:55at this point
34:56DNA
34:57it is no longer
34:57a question
34:58blood-related
34:59and to withdrawals
35:00science
35:01it has evolved
35:01to such an extent
35:02that also
35:02simple saliva
35:03it might be okay.
35:06We have collected
35:07champions
35:08of policemen
35:08of journalists
35:09of writers
35:10of all those
35:11that they had had
35:12what to do
35:12with history
35:13by BTK
35:14DNA
35:15had become
35:16the queen's proof.
35:18We have collected
35:181326
35:19champions
35:20of saliva
35:20in 11 months.
35:26They got there
35:28groups
35:28of 25-50
35:29champions
35:30all together
35:31they stayed here
35:32until they came
35:33all analyzed.
35:36Every time
35:37that we controlled
35:38of the results
35:39we were hoping
35:39to find
35:40finally
35:40a correspondence.
35:43The laboratory
35:44check
35:44all the samples
35:45comparing them
35:46with the profile
35:47genetic
35:47by BTK
35:48but nothing to do.
35:50The pressure
35:50grows
35:51BTK
35:52could kill
35:53again.
35:54DNA
35:55it might not be enough
35:56to frame him.
35:57Because of this
35:57the investigators
35:58they're trying to flush him out
35:59leveraging
36:00on his ego
36:01immeasurable.
36:02The thing that he liked
36:03more at BTK
36:04it was to call back
36:05attention
36:06on DC.
36:06The media
36:07they adapt.
36:10We have ascertained
36:11that also on the part
36:12by BTK
36:12I issued
36:13a total
36:14of 22 press releases
36:15press
36:15in 11 months.
36:18It was an attempt
36:19to communicate
36:20with BTK
36:21to make him talk
36:23to make him interested
36:24to our investigation.
36:26The tactic
36:27works.
36:28The FBI
36:29confirmed
36:30that Wednesday
36:30May 5th
36:31a letter
36:32received
36:32from Cake TV
36:33it was delivered
36:34to the police
36:35from Wichita.
36:36It's about
36:36of a letter
36:37by BTK.
36:38There was no
36:39the weather
36:39to catch your breath
36:40because every
36:415 or 6 weeks
36:43a message arrived.
36:46Whoever wore it
36:48the uniform
36:48of the police
36:49from Wichita
36:49he would have wanted
36:51capture BTK.
36:52There were people
36:53on his deathbed
36:54that continued
36:55to read
36:56the documents
36:56of this investigation
36:57to search
36:58to get to the bottom of it.
36:59It seems like no one
37:00will he ever succeed.
37:02Then
37:03BTK
37:04makes a mistake.
37:06Send another letter
37:08and with it
37:08a sort
37:09of digital DNA.
37:11A floppy disk.
37:14Together
37:15to the content
37:16visible
37:16of data
37:17the computer
37:18reveals a series
37:18of metadata
37:19invisible
37:20but traceable.
37:22This is how we get there
37:23at the clue
37:24most important.
37:25The metadata
37:26they indicated
37:27who was
37:27the owner
37:28of the license
37:29of the program
37:30used
37:30to write the text.
37:31it was just a name.
37:33The name
37:34It's Dennis.
37:36The floppy disk
37:38also provides
37:39a position
37:40geographic.
37:41Of course
37:42the place
37:43where no one
37:43is expected
37:44to find
37:45BTK.
37:47that floppy disk
37:48he was carrying
37:48a church
37:49Lutheran
37:49nearby
37:50from Wichita.
37:51The only one
37:52Dennis
37:52within
37:53of that
37:53congregation
37:54he was a layman
37:55by name
37:55Dennis Raider.
37:58Dennis Raider
38:00hardly
38:01it would make you think
38:01to a murderer
38:02serial killer.
38:04he worked
38:05worked in Park City
38:06as in
38:06Calappiacani
38:07a sort
38:08of public
38:08official
38:09the man
38:10of the door
38:10next to
38:11he lived a life
38:12normal
38:13in a neighborhood
38:14normal
38:14he had a wife
38:15and children
38:18it was just
38:19this is the thing
38:20more difficult
38:21to be accepted
38:22it was about
38:23of a person
38:24normal
38:24who did things
38:25monstrous
38:27The forces
38:28of the order
38:29they are ready
38:29to arrest
38:30Dennis Raider
38:31but the man
38:32might suspect
38:33that the police
38:34has its DNA
38:34because of this
38:35before doing
38:36any moves
38:37the investigators
38:38they want to demonstrate
38:39that Dennis Raider
38:40it really is
38:40BTK
38:41but without doing
38:42to leak nothing
38:43We wanted to be sure
38:44the only way
38:45where we could do it
38:46was using
38:47his DNA
38:49we knew
38:50that if he gives it to him
38:50we had asked
38:51he would have refused
38:52but the DNA
38:53it is handed down
38:54of generation
38:55in generation
38:56if Dennis Raider
38:57he has children
38:58these
38:59they have his DNA
39:01we did
39:02our research
39:04and we discovered
39:04who had two children
39:05one of which
39:07she was a girl
39:0824 years old
39:09we are like this
39:10successful
39:11to obtain
39:11the mandate
39:12to ask
39:13a biological sample
39:14that had been given to her
39:15taken
39:15from her gynecologist
39:17the DNA test
39:19on family members
39:20it often comes
39:21used
39:22in cases
39:22which concern
39:23the status
39:23of immigrants
39:24or paternity
39:25in this case
39:27it might help
39:28to capture
39:28a monster
39:30let's take
39:30half of the DNA
39:31from the mother
39:32and the other half
39:33from the father
39:33this allows us
39:35to analyze
39:35a champion
39:36belonging
39:36to a descendant
39:37of a suspect
39:38and carry out
39:39then a comparison
39:40with a sample
39:41of the suspect
39:42the investigators
39:44they have the green light
39:45to get
39:45a champion
39:46of the pap test
39:47performed
39:47from the daughter
39:48by Raider
39:48the champion
39:49is shipped
39:50to the laboratory
39:50scientific
39:51for the investigations
39:52forensi
39:53from Kansas
39:53the results
39:55they are very clear
39:57the father
39:58of the girl
39:58which he had performed
39:59that pap smear
40:00it was the same person
40:01that he had left
40:02that DNA
40:03on the scene
40:04of the crime
40:05and it is precisely
40:07Dennis Raider
40:09February 25, 2005
40:11Dennis Raider
40:13he's in the car
40:14and he's coming back
40:14at home for lunch
40:15when the police
40:16he arrests him
40:17the investigators
40:19they ask him
40:20to provide
40:20a champion
40:21of his DNA
40:23corresponded
40:24perfectly
40:26even after
40:27twenty years
40:27of painful silence
40:29without new witnesses
40:31and new scenes
40:32of the crime
40:32available
40:33the police
40:34he has the proof
40:35which he needed
40:39the probability
40:40to have identified
40:41a person
40:42with no degree
40:43of kinship
40:44it was a
40:45out of 23 million
40:46of billions
40:48in these 20 years
40:50the course
40:51of justice
40:52and that
40:52of science
40:53they are finally there
40:54met
40:54in the past
40:56a champion
40:56of seminal fluid
40:57it could have been useful
40:58to establish
40:59the blood type
41:00but hardly
41:01would have brought
41:02to an arrest
41:02Today
41:03using the new ones
41:04techniques
41:05on a sample
41:05of old DNA
41:06of a few decades
41:07the police
41:08from Kansas
41:09she succeeded
41:09to fit together
41:10a dangerous one
41:11murderer
41:12at that point
41:13we knew
41:13to have available
41:15a test
41:15irrefutable
41:16it was really him
41:18Dennis too
41:19Reiterer knows it
41:21at a certain point
41:22he asked us
41:23of DNA
41:24I explained to him
41:25that we had it
41:26obtained
41:26from his daughter
41:27and what I knew
41:29that it was him
41:30then he admitted
41:32to be him
41:33the mission
41:34of guilt
41:34produces a strong effect
41:36about Dennis Reiter
41:37for 30 hours
41:37he tells of his terrible crimes
41:39lingering
41:40on the details
41:40more gruesome
41:42we had the DNA
41:43we had his confession
41:44his sentence
41:45it was already in the safe
41:46Dennis Reiter
41:48he pleads guilty
41:50he is sentenced
41:51to 10 life sentences
41:58without the analysis
41:59of DNA
42:00he would still be free
42:03it was a sensation
42:05grandiose
42:05a big relief
42:08finally
42:09we didn't have to anymore
42:10to worry about
42:11of the person
42:12who had
42:13terrified
42:14Wichita
42:18over the years
42:20until the conviction
42:21by BTK
42:21DNA has allowed
42:23to solve thousands
42:24of cases
42:24and forensic tools
42:26available
42:27of the investigators
42:27continue to evolve
42:29I think one of the things
42:30more stimulating
42:31both to make it faster
42:32the procedure
42:33the whole process today
42:34of DNA analysis
42:36requires from 8am
42:37at 10 o'clock
42:39we are working
42:40to reduce this process
42:41about 20 minutes
42:43one day
42:44the DNA test
42:46it can be performed
42:47at the same time
42:48what is needed
42:49to check
42:49a driving license
42:50scientists soon
42:52they could be
42:53able to track
42:54a genetic profile
42:55starting from a small one
42:56trace of sweat
42:57left by the palm
42:58of a hand
43:00while science
43:02makes progress
43:03its potential
43:04they grow hand in hand
43:05today the profile
43:06of a DNA
43:07it's simply
43:08a set of lines
43:09one day
43:11could become
43:12a real one
43:12identikit
43:13analyzing a filament
43:15of DNA
43:16it would result in
43:17a description
43:18of the characteristics
43:19physical characteristics of an individual
43:20in this way
43:21it could be traced
43:22the identikit
43:23of the owner
43:24of that DNA
43:25it still remains
43:26the fact that
43:27forensic science
43:28it's an art
43:28and the tools
43:29they are valid
43:30only if men
43:32they know how to use them well
43:33not always
43:35you can get there
43:35to a conclusion
43:36and say
43:37we have his DNA
43:38and so it was him
43:39to commit the crime
43:40something else is needed
43:42that can validate
43:43DNA testing
43:44we tend to think so
43:45like a thing
43:46stand-alone
43:47but it's a mistake
43:48this method
43:49revolutionary
43:50he rewrote
43:51the story
43:52of forensic science
43:53use technology
43:54to make it hang
43:56the scales
43:56between life
43:57and death
43:58on the side
43:58of justice
43:59I believe
44:00that it really was
44:02a fundamental turning point
44:04we can say
44:05with certainty
44:06that this technique
44:07still remains today
44:09a discovery
44:10global in scope
44:13it can only get better
44:15they have changed
44:17many things
44:18in recent years
44:19at this point
44:20we apply
44:20the technique
44:21of DNA
44:22for over 20 years
44:23and will do nothing else
44:25that improve
44:26the technology
44:27it always goes forward
44:28the defense
44:29uses DNA
44:30to try
44:31innocence
44:32of a defendant
44:32the technique
44:34is used
44:35also to solve
44:36old cases
44:37we have already solved it
44:39old cases
44:40not only this
44:41That's all, thanks
44:42to DNA
44:43thank you all
44:51thank you all
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