00:00Today we are doing a lesson about common English suffixes.
00:05So let's start.
00:08Well, the definition is, a suffix is a specific group of letters at the end of a word.
00:18And a suffix often indicates part of the meaning of the whole word.
00:25Example, the suffix less, L-E-S-S, means without.
00:34And if you know the most common suffixes, then it will help you to deduce the meaning of new words.
00:42So it will help you guess the meaning of new words.
00:46It will increase your vocabulary.
00:51An example, I'm sure you all know the word sleep.
00:56Okay, this is either a noun or a verb.
01:01And if we add the suffix less, then we create a new word, sleepless.
01:11And this obviously means without sleep.
01:15So, example, I had a sleepless night at the hotel.
01:22Which means, I had a night without sleep.
01:26Okay, sleepless is an adjective.
01:31And as always, use a very good dictionary to check the meaning of all new words.
01:37Okay, that's very important.
01:40Now, there are two types of suffixes.
01:44Type 1, we call them inflectional suffixes.
01:50And they are grammatical suffixes.
01:57And the basic meaning of the word does not change.
02:02Let me give you some examples.
02:06S.
02:07So the suffix S simply indicates the plural of a noun.
02:15So cat becomes cats.
02:21This is the past tense of regular verbs.
02:27Example, they walked on the beach.
02:32I.N.G.
02:34This is continuous form.
02:37Verbs.
02:39Example, Mark is cooking.
02:44En.
02:45E.N.
02:46N.
02:47Is the past participle of certain irregular verbs.
02:54Example, he has eaten his meal.
02:58E.R.
03:00This is used in the comparatives for adjectives.
03:06For example, this building is bigger.
03:10Okay, so the building on the left is big.
03:14But the building on the right is bigger.
03:17More big.
03:20E.S.T.
03:22This is the superlatives.
03:24Again, this is used with adjectives.
03:30And this building is biggest.
03:33So this building is big.
03:36This building is bigger.
03:38But this building is biggest.
03:42Okay.
03:43So all of these examples, they are simply grammatical suffixes.
03:50Okay.
03:51They change the form of the word.
03:53They make a plural from a singular.
03:56Or a past tense from a present tense.
04:02But the meaning is still the same.
04:05That is very important.
04:08Okay.
04:08Walk.
04:08They are still walking.
04:11Cat is still a cat.
04:13Cat does not change.
04:14So that is type 1.
04:18Type 2.
04:20We call them derivational suffixes.
04:26Derivational suffixes.
04:31And these suffixes transform a word from one type of word to another.
04:38So from one form of speech to another.
04:44Example.
04:47We can change a verb into a noun.
04:51Or a noun to an adjective.
04:54Noun to a verb.
04:57An adjective to an adverb.
05:00An adjective to a noun.
05:08And for these suffixes, then the basic meaning of the word changes.
05:16It does change.
05:18Okay.
05:18Because obviously, if we change a verb to a noun, then the word is now completely different.
05:25And the meaning is different.
05:27Okay.
05:29There are lots of these type of suffixes.
05:33And I will show you the most common ones in this video.
05:38Okay.
05:39It is impossible to show you all of them.
05:41There are too many.
05:43But I will show you the most common ones with some examples.
05:49First one is abble or ible.
05:53A-B-L-E.
05:54I-B-L-E.
05:55And this forms an adjective.
06:00And the meaning is, can be done or capable of.
06:06Example.
06:07Comfortable.
06:09Means capable of comforting.
06:12This is an adjective.
06:36This means can be carried or moved.
06:42This is a portable radio.
06:45Okay.
06:46So, this is an adjective.
06:49Other examples.
06:51And for all the other examples in this video, I ask you to look in a dictionary for the meaning.
06:59So, presentable, taxable, and edible.
07:04People.
07:06E-R-I-E-R.
07:08Or O-R.
07:11These are nouns.
07:13And the meaning is, person who does something.
07:17So, they are all people.
07:20Example.
07:22Driver.
07:23Noun.
07:24This is a person who drives.
07:29Mark is a taxi driver.
07:32So, drive is the verb.
07:34If we add E-R, it becomes a noun.
07:38Driver.
07:40Golfer.
07:41Person who plays golf.
07:48David is a very good golfer.
07:56Other examples.
07:58Writer.
07:59Swimmer.
08:00Director.
08:02Londoner.
08:03Londoner is someone who lives in London.
08:06You can also say New Yorker.
08:09Okay.
08:12S-E-S-S.
08:14This is a noun.
08:15And it means, female.
08:19Lioness.
08:20A female lion.
08:24Here is a lioness.
08:29Actress.
08:30This is a noun.
08:32And it means, a female actor.
08:36Emma Watson.
08:38Here's a British actress.
08:40She played a part in Harry Potter films.
08:47Other examples.
08:49Goddess.
08:50Princess.
08:52Heiress.
08:53And here, you probably noticed that we are transforming a noun into a different type of noun.
09:01So, a lion is a noun.
09:04So, a lion is a noun.
09:04And by adding E-S, we are still keeping it as a noun.
09:10But we are changing the meaning.
09:14The meaning.
09:14F-U-L.
09:15Full.
09:17Adjectives.
09:18It means, full of something.
09:22Peaceful.
09:24Means, full of peace and quiet.
09:27So peace is a noun and by adding full to it, it becomes an adjective. This view is
09:39very peaceful. Cheerful, again this is an adjective and it means happy or full of
09:51cheer. Okay, so cheer is a noun and it becomes an adjective. David is very
10:04cheerful today. What are examples? Thankful, useful, helpful.
10:15Ly. These are adverbs and they mean in the manner of or in the way of. Slowly. This
10:28means to do something in a slow way. So we are transforming the adjective slow into
10:37an adverb. Slowly. The cars are moving very slowly. Quickly. Adverb. To do something in
10:51a quick way. Quick is the adjective. This is the adverb. The dog is running very quickly.
11:02There are lots of examples of this. Here are three of them. Badly. Loudly. Quietly.
11:13Less. Adjective. Without. Endless. Meaning without an end. End is a noun. We transform it into an adjective.
11:29Homeless. The road seems endless. Homeless. Is an adjective. Means without a home. Home is a noun.
11:42It is now becoming an adjective. The lady is homeless. Other examples. Hopeless. Fearless. Useless. Again,
11:57this is a very common suffix. This is a very common suffix. There are lots of examples of this.
12:04O-U-S. I-O-U-S. And E-O-U-S. They form adjectives. Meaning having the quality of
12:16something.
12:18Famous. Meaning having fame. Mark is a famous guitarist.
12:29Famous. Fame. Fame is a noun. And we form an adjective. Nutritious. Nutritious.
12:41Nutritious. Means to have nutrition. Nutrition is the noun. Salad is a very nutritious meal.
12:53Nervous. Nervous. Nervous. Nervous. Nervous. Nervous. Nervous. Nervous. Nervous. Nervous. Nervous. Nervous. Nervous. Nervous. Nervous. Nervous. Nervous. Nervous. Nervous. Nervous.
12:58Nervous. Nervous. Nervous. Nervous. Nervous. Nervous. Nervous. Nervous. Nervous. Nervous. Nervous. Nervous. Nervous. Nervous. Nervous. Nervous. Nervous. Nervous. Nervous. Nervous.
13:00Nervous. Nervous. Nervous. Nervous. Nervous. Nervous. Nervous. Nervous. Nervous. Nervous. Nervous. Nervous. Nervous. Nervous. Nervous. N
13:18the adjectives, and it means strong and healthy. So fitness is the noun. She is
13:27trying to improve her fitness. Shyness is the noun, and it means the condition of
13:37being shy, which is the adjectives. Her shyness is a problem. So shy means
13:46somebody who doesn't really like talking very much, feels uncomfortable with
13:54other people. Other examples? Kindness, happiness, freshness, weakness. So all of
14:05these are nouns.
14:09Ism, ism, is a noun. They describe a philosophy or some sort of a movement or
14:18belief. Capitalism is an economic philosophy. Capitalism is the economic
14:29system in many countries. Impressionism is a noun, again, and it means a style of
14:39painting. It was a movement, almost a fashion.
14:47And Impressionism started in France in the 19th century. Okay, so it was a period of
14:54time. It was a movement, a philosophy. There are many other examples, including
15:02racism, socialism, favoritism, sexism.
15:11IFT, noun. This is a person. A person who is doing something or believes in
15:18something. An artist. A person who draws or paints.
15:27Claire is learning to be an artist.
15:34Pianist is a person who plays the piano.
15:40And Jung is a very good pianist.
15:45Again, there are many examples of this, including dentist, pharmacist, guitarist,
15:54socialist.
15:56So it's all people.
16:00I-S-E.
16:03Okay, now this is a verb, the first verb we've seen.
16:07And it means to make, or to render, or to do.
16:14It's very important that you understand this is the British English spelling, with an S.
16:23And the American English spelling is with a letter Z.
16:29Okay?
16:31I-Z-E.
16:33And the Americans, in fact, call this letter Z.
16:38So, the English, sorry, the British English version is to prioritize, with an S.
16:45And this means to decide what is the most important, to define the priorities.
16:54And the American English version is to prioritize.
16:58It's the same pronunciation, okay?
17:01It's pronounced the same way, but the spelling is different.
17:07We don't have much time, let's prioritize the work.
17:13British English, to legalize, and it means to allow something by law, or to make something legal.
17:22Okay?
17:27And American English, it is with a Z, to legalize.
17:33Example, the state of Colorado, in the USA, has legalized cannabis.
17:40So, this is the, in fact, the British English spelling.
17:45Other examples, realize, civilize, and authorize.
17:52They are the British English spelling.
17:55American English has the same words, but with a letter Z.
18:03I-C-I-A-N, pronounced I-C-I-A-N, and this is a person with an occupation in
18:13something.
18:15So, I've given the phonetic transcript for this, because it is quite unusual.
18:21Mc comenical is pronounced IIT.
18:27Musician.
18:29Person who plays music.
18:32There is the IPA.
18:35John is a musician.
18:41Electrician.
18:42Again, a noun. And it is a person who has an occupation in the field of electricity, works, is trained
18:52in electricity.
18:55There is the IPA. And I need help from an electrician.
19:04Other examples? A beautician, a technician, a politician.
19:14Okay, so an exercise now. Get ready.
19:19I would like you to choose three of the following words and write one sentence with each of the three
19:27words.
19:28So they are some of the words that we have seen in today's lesson.
19:33So choose three and write a sentence in the comment section below the video.
19:41And I will correct you. I will reply to your comments.
19:44And I will correct the sentence if necessary.
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