00:00So, sentence structure refers to the arrangement of words and phrases in a sentence, while
00:08sentence type refers to the purpose or function of a sentence.
00:15In previous videos, I talked about simple sentences, compound sentences, etc.
00:22In today's video, we're talking about sentence type and purpose.
00:27If you want to learn more about sentence structure, I've linked you to my videos in the description
00:32below.
00:33So, we're going to talk about the difference between declarative sentences, imperative
00:40sentences, exclamatory sentences, and interrogative sentences.
00:47Each of these sentence types have very different purposes.
00:51I'm going to talk about each one, and I'm going to also show you some more advanced
00:58examples of when it can be more difficult to determine which sentence type it is.
01:05Declarative sentences make statements or express information.
01:10They relay facts, opinions, or ideas.
01:13Declarative sentences end with a period, which we say in North America, or a full stop,
01:22which they say in the UK.
01:24For example, Billy loves fishing with his dad.
01:29Here, this is a declarative sentence.
01:31We are expressing information.
01:34We are making a statement.
01:36I'm going camping next weekend.
01:40It's supposed to rain tonight.
01:42We have an exam next Monday.
01:46Here, we are just expressing facts, opinions, ideas.
01:51That is the purpose of these sentences, and all of them end with periods.
01:58Now, let's talk about imperative sentences.
02:03Imperative sentences give commands, instructions, or requests.
02:08They are used to tell someone what to do or what not to do.
02:14Imperative sentences often begin with a verb and end with a period or an exclamation mark.
02:22And oftentimes, they do not include a subject.
02:25The subject is implied.
02:29For example, please open the window.
02:32This is a command.
02:34It's an instruction.
02:36I want you to open the window, so I'm looking at you and saying, please open the window.
02:43I don't have to write, you, please open the window.
02:48Just, please open the window.
02:51Bring your own beach towel.
02:53This is an instruction.
02:55Imagine, it's a hotel.
02:57Bring your own beach towel.
02:59We don't have towels here.
03:01This is your instruction.
03:03Now, in the first two examples, the imperative sentences ended with periods.
03:08But sometimes, they can end with an exclamation mark, and they are still an imperative sentence.
03:21And the difference between writing this sentence with an exclamation mark versus just a period is that the exclamation mark
03:30makes it a stronger request.
03:33With a period, it might sound like, stop talking during the movie.
03:38With an exclamation mark, stop talking during the movie.
03:42Maybe I'm really angry.
03:43I'm getting upset.
03:44Another example, don't touch the hot frying pan.
03:48Again, with an exclamation mark, there's a sense of urgency.
03:51I'm scared you're going to hurt yourself.
03:55But these last two could be written with periods as well.
03:59Now, let's talk about interrogative sentences.
04:03And an interrogative sentence is a fancier way to say a question.
04:08Interrogative sentences are questions.
04:11They're used to ask questions and to seek information.
04:15They typically start with a question word, such as who, what, when, where, why, how, or an auxiliary verb.
04:25And there are many auxiliary verbs.
04:27As an example, do, does, will.
04:30And they end with a question mark.
04:33For example, what is your name?
04:36How are your grandparents doing?
04:39Do you like sushi?
04:41Will it rain next week?
04:43In all of these examples, I'm seeking information.
04:46I'm asking you a question, expecting you to answer what your name is, how your grandparents are doing.
04:53So anytime we are asking someone for information, we have to end the sentence with a question mark.
05:02Now, before I continue on, I want to mention that we do not end indirect questions with a question mark.
05:11If I said, I wonder how your grandparents are doing, that would end with a period because it's an indirect
05:19question.
05:20I'm stating that I'm wondering.
05:22I'm not actually asking you using a question mark.
05:26Exclamatory sentences express strong emotions or surprise.
05:31They convey excitement, joy, anger, or any other intense feeling.
05:37Exclamatory sentences end with an exclamation mark.
05:41For example, this pasta is absolutely delicious.
05:45I can't believe you're engaged.
05:47I'm excited.
05:48I'm surprised.
05:50I'm ending this with an exclamation mark.
05:52Ben just got a promotion.
05:54You are not listening to me.
05:57All of these are exclamatory sentences.
06:00The exclamation mark shows that we have strong emotions.
06:06So now let's look at some more advanced examples.
06:10You have to pay close attention to the purpose of the sentence before deciding what type of sentence it is.
06:18All sentences that begin with question words are not always interrogative sentences.
06:25And all sentences that end with exclamation marks are not always exclamatory sentences.
06:32Let me show you how we can determine the difference.
06:36For example, what is the surprise?
06:39This is very clearly an interrogative sentence.
06:43This is a question.
06:44I'm asking you, what is the surprise?
06:47I want you to tell me.
06:49The surprise is a new computer game, for example.
06:52But look at this example.
06:54What a fantastic surprise.
06:57This begins with a question word, what, but this is not a question.
07:03I'm not asking, what is the fantastic surprise?
07:07I'm exclaiming, wow, what a fantastic surprise.
07:12Which is another way of saying, this is a fantastic surprise.
07:16And this is an exclamatory sentence, even though it begins with a question word.
07:23Let's look at another example.
07:25How are you doing?
07:27This is a question.
07:28It's an interrogative sentence.
07:30I want you to answer.
07:32I'm fine, thank you.
07:33Or I'm not fine.
07:36And if I said, how amazing it is to see you.
07:40This is an exclamatory sentence.
07:42It ends with an exclamation mark.
07:45Because I am exclaiming and expressing how happy I am to see you.
07:51I'm not asking you a question.
07:53Okay?
07:55And let's look at this example.
07:57Please stop talking.
07:59This is an imperative sentence.
08:01I'm a teacher.
08:02I'm telling my student, please stop talking.
08:06Now, what about this?
08:08Stop talking right now.
08:10This ends with an exclamation mark.
08:13But this is an imperative sentence.
08:15Because it's a command.
08:17I'm telling you to stop talking.
08:19I'm exclaiming it.
08:20But the purpose of this sentence is that it is a command.
08:24It is an order.
08:27Okay, now we're going to go on to our quiz.
08:29You have to identify the sentence type.
08:32I will read 10 questions and at the end, we will correct them together.
08:37Number one.
08:38Should we go to the mall next weekend?
08:41Number two.
08:42Mom needs to buy a new black purse.
08:46Number three.
08:47I can't believe he insulted you like that.
08:50Number four.
08:51Paint the bathroom walls with the white paint I just gave you.
08:56Number five.
08:57Stop acting like a spoiled brat.
09:00Number six.
09:01Do you play any instruments?
09:04Number seven.
09:05She's not a very nice person.
09:08Number eight.
09:09The children would like you to make pepperoni pizza for dinner.
09:13Number nine.
09:15What a beautiful home you have.
09:17And finally, number 10.
09:19This tomato soup tastes nice and fresh.
09:33Okay, let's begin with one.
09:35Number one is an interrogative sentence.
09:37It's a question.
09:38Should we go to the mall next weekend?
09:40Yes, we should or no, we shouldn't.
09:42Number two is a declarative sentence.
09:45We're expressing information or stating something.
09:49Number three is an exclamatory sentence.
09:52I am shocked that he insulted you.
09:55Number four is an imperative sentence.
09:58Paint the bathroom walls with the white paint I just gave you.
10:01This is a command.
10:02It's an instruction.
10:04Number five is also an imperative sentence,
10:07even though it ends with an exclamation mark.
10:10I am ordering you to stop acting like a spoiled brat.
10:14Number six is interrogative sentence.
10:17It's a question.
10:18Number seven, declarative.
10:21Number eight is also declarative.
10:24Number nine is exclamatory.
10:27What a beautiful home you have.
10:29Even though this begins with a question word,
10:32I'm not asking you a question.
10:34I'm exclaiming.
10:35I'm telling you what a beautiful home you have.
10:38And finally, number 10 is a declarative sentence.
10:41This tomato soup tastes nice and fresh.
10:44I'm not saying you later.
10:44None.
10:46This is a theory or mentioned you a question.
10:47I'm calling, unquote,
10:47The original apple I just asseuso a picture of fourth.
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