00:00This is a lesson about Common English Prefixes.
00:04Okay, so let's start.
00:08So, what is a prefix?
00:11Well, a prefix is a group of letters at the beginning of a word.
00:18And it indicates part of the meaning of the whole word.
00:25Example, the letters D-I-S, dis, means not, or a negative.
00:36And this is important because if you know the most common prefixes,
00:42then it will help you to deduce the meaning of new words.
00:47So, it will help you to guess the meaning of new words.
00:53For example, I'm sure you all know the word like.
00:58For example, I have a friend. I like him.
01:02Okay, so if you also know the prefix dis,
01:10then you will understand this new word.
01:15Okay, so if you know dis means not,
01:17then we understand that I dislike him.
01:22We understand that that means I do not like him.
01:27Okay?
01:30Now, sometimes there is a hyphen between the prefix and the rest of the word.
01:37This is a hyphen.
01:40It's this little line in the middle
01:43between the prefix and the rest of the word.
01:49An example, anti-war.
01:52And this is the hyphen in the middle.
01:58But be careful with prefixes.
02:01Because, okay, sometimes what looks like a prefix is not a prefix.
02:07And the meaning is quite different.
02:11Example, the word distant.
02:14Okay?
02:15So, it starts with dis.
02:18But here, dis, it is not, in fact, a prefix.
02:24Distant is just a normal word.
02:27Okay?
02:28So, the best advice I can give you is
02:33use a very good dictionary to check the meaning of all new words.
02:38Okay?
02:39Always use a good dictionary.
02:41Okay?
02:42So, in this video, I will give you the most common prefixes.
02:48And I will give you some examples.
02:52So, the first one, anti.
02:54And this means against or opposed to.
03:00Example.
03:02Anti-social means against being social.
03:07Okay?
03:08So, against society.
03:10Opposed to friends, for example.
03:17She doesn't have many friends, because she is anti-social.
03:25Example 2.
03:27Antibiotic.
03:28This is a medication that destroys bacteria.
03:33So, a medication that is against bacteria.
03:39He is taking antibiotics to treat his infection.
03:46Other examples with anti are anti-war, anti-racism, anti-climax, anti-aircraft.
03:56And for all the other examples, I ask you to look in the dictionary for the meaning.
04:03Okay?
04:08This means reverse or change or opposite, opposite process.
04:17Example.
04:19Dehydrated.
04:21This means not enough water in the body.
04:24And it is the reverse process of being hydrated.
04:31It's the reverse opposite of hydrated.
04:36Mark is drinking some water because he is feeling dehydrated.
04:44Debug.
04:46To remove bugs or errors from a computer program.
04:51Okay?
04:53So, originally, bugs were put into the program accidentally.
05:00And debug reverses the process.
05:04We remove bugs.
05:08He is trying to debug the account software.
05:14Other examples.
05:16Derail.
05:17De-ice.
05:18De-caffeinated.
05:20And here we can see the hyphen in the middle.
05:26Dis.
05:28Dis.
05:29Means not or opposite of.
05:34Disagree.
05:35Dis.
05:36Means to not agree.
05:40Sarah disagrees with Claire.
05:46Dis.
05:46Dis.
05:47Means to not like.
05:51Mark dislikes his sister.
05:56Other examples.
05:58Dis.
05:58Dis.
05:59Dis.
06:00Dis.
06:00Dis.
06:01Dis.
06:01Dis.
06:01Dis.
06:02Dis.
06:02Dis.
06:02Dis.
06:03Dis.
06:03Dis.
06:04Dis.
06:05Dis.
06:09Dis.
06:11Dis.
06:12Dis.
06:13Dis.
06:14Dis.
06:15Dis.
06:16Dis.
06:18Dis.
06:19Dis.
06:19Dis.
06:20Dis.
06:20Dis.
06:21Dis.
06:21Dis.
06:22Dis.
06:23Dis.
06:23Dis.
06:25Dis.
06:27Dis.
06:29Dis.
06:31Dis.
06:36Hypertension. This means high blood pressure. Excessive blood pressure.
06:46David is suffering from hypertension.
06:51Other examples, hypermarket, hypersensitive, hyperventilate.
07:03I-L, I-M, I-N, and I-R. They all mean not or some sort of a negative.
07:17Illegal means not legal. It is illegal to carry a gun.
07:27Impossible is not possible. There is too much noise. It's impossible to sleep.
07:40Inactive means not active. Mark is very inactive.
07:52Irregular means not regular. I am, you are, he, she, it is. This is the verb to be.
08:02The verb to be is irregular. Okay?
08:08Other examples, illegible, impotent, insecure, irrational.
08:19Inter. This means between or among. Interact. It's a verb. To communicate with other people.
08:36International. The new manager interacts very well with the rest of the team.
08:42Okay? So that means he communicates well among the rest of the team.
08:48Okay? The members of the, excuse me. The members of the team, between them, they interact very well.
09:01International. This means between nations.
09:08The world cup is an international event. Okay? So it's an event between nations.
09:17So inter is between.
09:21Other examples, interchange, internal.
09:29Mid means middle. Mid means middle.
09:34Midday. This means 12 o'clock. And that is the middle of the day.
09:44It's midday. Let's have lunch.
09:49Midsummer. Middle of the summer.
09:56Midsummer is my favourite time of the year.
10:00Other examples, midnight, midriff, midway.
10:10Miss. Miss. M-I-S. This means bad or badly. Or wrong or wrongly.
10:21To misbehave. Means to behave badly. Or to act badly.
10:31Mark has behaved. Sorry. Mark has misbehaved in school.
10:37Mark has misbehaved in school.
10:43Misspelling. Means a wrong spelling.
10:50Lionel Messi is a footbill player.
10:54So this is a wrong spelling.
11:01Misspelling. This is a misspelling. This is a misspelling.
11:08Other examples, misprint, mispronounce, mistake.
11:16So all means bad or badly. Wrong or wrongly.
11:23Non.
11:24Non. Means no, not or without.
11:27Again, it's some sort of a negative.
11:31A very common one.
11:34Non-smoking.
11:36And it is a place where people are not allowed to smoke.
11:43The train is non-smoking.
11:45The train is non-smoking.
11:48Nonsense. Means without any sense.
11:53Or there's no sense.
11:55Or it's another way of saying something stupid.
12:03I don't agree.
12:05You are talking nonsense.
12:10Other examples.
12:12Non-fiction.
12:13Non-payment.
12:17Over.
12:18Over.
12:18It means too much.
12:21Or something excessive.
12:24To overcook.
12:26Means to cook too much.
12:31The meat is overcooked.
12:36Over-excited.
12:38Over-excited.
12:39Too excited.
12:41The children are over-excited.
12:48Other examples.
12:50To over-charge.
12:52Over-confident.
12:54Over-rated.
12:57Post.
12:59This means after.
13:01Behind.
13:02Or later.
13:04So there is the concept of time.
13:09A verb to postpone.
13:12Is to delay something until later.
13:19I have postponed the meeting to the 26th of December.
13:25So imagine we have a meeting on the 25th of December.
13:33And we want to postpone the meeting to the 26th.
13:39Okay.
13:40So now the meeting is on the 26th.
13:42We have postponed it.
13:47Post war.
13:49Means after the war.
13:51Before.
13:51And we can see there is a hyphen here.
13:56The post war period was a very difficult time for everybody.
14:03Other examples.
14:06Post date.
14:07Post election.
14:10Pre.
14:12Pre.
14:13Means before.
14:14Or earlier.
14:17Pre-dinner.
14:19Means before dinner.
14:22With a hyphen.
14:26Michael is having a pre-dinner drink.
14:32Predict.
14:33It's a verb.
14:34To predict.
14:36To say that something will happen in the future.
14:40And we say it before it happens.
14:44So before.
14:46Before.
14:47That is why it is the prefix pre.
14:50Pre.
14:51Means before.
14:54The director predicts that sales will increase.
14:59And other examples.
15:02Prefix.
15:03Prehistoric.
15:05Prepare.
15:08Pro.
15:09Means in support of something.
15:13Or favouring something.
15:17Pro-independence.
15:19Is in support of independence.
15:26John took part in a Scottish pro-independence march.
15:33Pro-peace.
15:35Is to be in support of peace.
15:42Jane is pro-peace.
15:45Other examples.
15:48Pro-choice.
15:49Pro-democracy.
15:52And we can see.
15:53Often.
15:54With the prefix pro.
15:56Very often.
15:57There is the hyphen.
15:59Hyphen here.
16:01And here.
16:02And here.
16:04And here.
16:05Okay.
16:05So don't forget the hyphen.
16:09Re.
16:10Means again.
16:14Rewrite.
16:15To write something again.
16:20I made a mistake.
16:22So I am rewriting a check.
16:28Reheat.
16:29To heat something again.
16:34The coffee was cold.
16:37So I am re-heating it.
16:41Other examples.
16:43To redo.
16:45To review.
16:47To revise.
16:51Sub.
16:52Sub.
16:53It means under.
16:55Or below.
16:58A very good example.
17:00Is.
17:01Supermarine.
17:02A ship.
17:03That travels underwater.
17:07The Royal Navy.
17:09The Royal Navy.
17:09Has several submarines.
17:12The Royal Navy.
17:13Has several submarines.
17:15Okay.
17:16The Royal Navy.
17:17This is.
17:19The British.
17:20Navy.
17:23Subway.
17:25Subway.
17:26Now.
17:27Um.
17:28In.
17:28British.
17:29English.
17:30The definition.
17:31Is.
17:32An underground.
17:33Passage.
17:34To allow people.
17:35To cross.
17:36A busy road.
17:37So.
17:37British.
17:38English.
17:38It is for.
17:40People.
17:41To.
17:42Um.
17:42To walk.
17:43Under.
17:44A road.
17:45To cross it.
17:48And.
17:48In.
17:49American.
17:49English.
17:50Subway.
17:52In.
17:52Fact.
17:53An underground.
17:53Train.
17:54Service.
17:58She.
17:59The New York.
18:00Subway.
18:00To go.
18:01To work.
18:01Every.
18:02Day.
18:04Other.
18:05Examples.
18:06To submerge.
18:08And.
18:09Substandard.
18:14Un.
18:15This.
18:16Means.
18:16Not.
18:17Against.
18:19Or.
18:20Opposite.
18:22To.
18:23Unplug.
18:25This.
18:26Means.
18:26To.
18:26Remove.
18:27A.
18:27Plug.
18:27From.
18:28The.
18:28Socket.
18:29And.
18:31This.
18:31Is.
18:32The.
18:32Opposite.
18:32Of.
18:33To.
18:33Plug.
18:33In.
18:34Okay.
18:35So.
18:35It's.
18:35The.
18:36Opposite.
18:36Of.
18:37To.
18:37In.
18:38Shhh.
18:40He.
18:41Always.
18:41Unplugs.
18:42The.
18:51Unhappy.
18:52Not.
18:53Happy.
18:55Not.
18:56Laura.
18:56Is.
18:56Unhappy.
18:57Because.
18:58She.
18:58Cannot.
18:58Find.
18:58A.
18:59Job.
19:01Other.
19:02Examples.
19:03Unlock.
19:05Unpack.
19:06Unsure.
19:08This.
19:08Is.
19:08Very.
19:09Common.
19:09One.
19:10So.
19:10I.
19:11Advise.
19:11You.
19:11To.
19:12Look.
19:12In.
19:13The.
19:13Dictionary.
19:14There.
19:15Many.
19:15Words.
19:16Which.
19:16Start.
19:16With.
19:17Under.
19:18Under.
19:22Means.
19:23Not.
19:23Enough.
19:24Or.
19:24Below.
19:27To.
19:27Under.
19:27Cook.
19:28Is.
19:29To.
19:29Cook.
19:29Something.
19:30But.
19:31Not.
19:31Enough.
19:35The.
19:35Meat.
19:36Undercooked.
19:40Under.
19:40Age.
19:42Is.
19:42Below.
19:43The.
19:43Legal.
19:44Age.
19:47There.
19:49Against.
19:50Underage.
19:50Drinking.
19:53Other.
19:54Examples.
19:55Underestimate.
19:57And.
19:57Underdeveloped.
20:01Exercise.
20:03So.
20:05Choose.
20:06Three.
20:06Of.
20:06The.
20:06Following.
20:07And.
20:08Then.
20:09Write.
20:09A.
20:09Sentence.
20:10With.
20:10Each.
20:10Word.
20:12Okay.
20:13So.
20:13Here.
20:13Are.
20:13Some.
20:14Of.
20:14The.
20:14The.
20:14The.
20:15The.
20:15The.
20:16The.
20:17The.
20:18The.
20:21The.
20:21The.
20:24The.
20:24The.
20:24The.
20:25The.
20:26The.
20:27The.
20:27The.
20:28The.
20:28The.
20:28The.
20:28The.
20:28The.
20:29The.
20:30The.
20:31The.
20:31if necessary.
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