00:00There are eight parts of speech in the English language.
00:05Nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, injunctions, and interjections.
00:13We use these parts of speech to form sentences.
00:17In today's video, I am going to focus on adjectives.
00:21So what are adjectives?
00:23Adjectives are words that describe or modify other words, usually nouns or pronouns.
00:32Adjectives help make your writing more interesting.
00:36For example, a handsome man, a cute dog, a delicious salad.
00:42All of these in blue are adjectives, and they all describe or modify the nouns after them.
00:51So we use adjectives to describe our opinions.
00:56For example, ugly, beautiful, intelligent, kind, insensitive, ridiculous, or stubborn.
01:04We also use adjectives to describe the size, big, large, small, tiny, or the shape, long,
01:13short, round, wide, narrow, or the age, if something is young, or something is old or new, the color,
01:23red, black, purple.
01:25The origin or nationality, French, Indian, English, can also say religion, if it's Christian or Muslim.
01:35Material, wooden, silk, leather, stone.
01:39And the purpose.
01:42For example, a sports car, a sleeping bag, a service dog.
01:47Dog, bag, and car are all nouns.
01:51But these words before them would be an adjective in this case because we're describing the type of dog
01:59or the type of bag.
02:01It's the purpose.
02:02So, for example, I love my new black sports car.
02:07Here we're using three adjectives to describe this car.
02:12So let's talk about some rules with adjectives.
02:17Adjectives usually go before nouns.
02:21For example, an angry boy, a beautiful horse, not a horse beautiful.
02:29An interesting book, a kind husband, a sweet cupcake.
02:37You'll also notice if you use the article a or an, it will change depending on the adjective.
02:46For example, we would write a book because book starts with a consonant sound.
02:54But we write an interesting book because interesting begins with a vowel sound.
03:02Now adjectives go after some verbs.
03:07So usually we use adverbs after verbs.
03:11However, there are some verbs where we can use adjectives after them.
03:17For example, the verb to be, seem, or any of the sensing verbs.
03:23Look, taste, appear, sound, feel, or smell.
03:29For example, she was exhausted.
03:33Here we have the adjective after the verb.
03:38Jessica's dress is elegant.
03:41Jason seems content.
03:44You look gorgeous.
03:46The candle smells nice.
03:49So these are some important adjective rules to remember.
03:55Again, adjectives go before nouns and not after.
03:59So we say a long trip, not a trip long.
04:05Relaxing music, not music relaxing.
04:08Another rule is that adjectives don't change for singular and plural nouns.
04:16So we would say a yellow bird or yellow birds.
04:21We would not say yellows birds.
04:24So you don't add an S to make a plural form of an adjective in English.
04:30A fast plane or fast planes, not fast planes.
04:38And the next one is a little complicated.
04:42ED adjectives are different from ing adjectives.
04:47For example, there is a difference between bored and boring.
04:53Adjectives that end in ED usually describe emotions.
04:58They tell us how people feel.
05:01For example, I'm tired.
05:04Carl is confused about this lesson.
05:09Whereas adjectives that end in ING usually describe the thing that causes the emotion.
05:18So, talking to people all day is tiring.
05:23This English lesson is confusing.
05:27So, Carl is confused because the lesson is confusing.
05:35The confusing lesson makes him confused.
05:39And talking to people all day is tiring.
05:43It makes you tired.
05:45I will do a lesson that goes more in-depth in detail about the difference between ED adjectives
05:53and ING adjectives in the next few weeks.
05:58So, there is also a general order of adjectives in English.
06:04We always begin with the quantity.
06:07And then the opinion.
06:09And then size.
06:11Then shape.
06:13Then age.
06:14Color.
06:15Origin or nationality.
06:18Material.
06:19Purpose.
06:20And then the noun.
06:22I know this sounds complicated.
06:24So, we're going to look at some examples.
06:28She was wearing an ugly brown sweater.
06:32Ugly is my opinion.
06:34So, that is the first one in the order.
06:37And then color comes after that.
06:40My grandpa has three little white English bulldogs.
06:45So, we have the size.
06:46Then the color.
06:48Then the origin.
06:49And then the noun.
06:51I'm going on a date with a handsome young Irishman.
07:24I bought two long purple silk scarves at the market.
07:25English by having the adjectives in this order.
07:29For example, if I said,
07:31I have brown two little dogs.
07:35That would sound strange.
07:37You have to start with the number or the quantity.
07:41Okay, so now we're going to do a quiz on what we learned in this lesson.
07:47Are these sentences correct?
07:50Number one.
07:51I bought a red new purse.
07:54Number two.
07:55We went on a long vacation this summer.
07:58Number three.
07:59Let's listen to some music chill.
08:03Number four.
08:04I bought a small wooden table at the furniture store.
08:08Number five.
08:10This book interesting is.
08:11You should read it.
08:13Number six.
08:14I don't like my science teacher.
08:17She is really bored.
08:19Number seven.
08:20My aunt has a farm with three white horses.
08:24And number eight.
08:26Your new hairstyle looks beautiful.
08:30Okay, so let's correct these together.
08:32Number one.
08:34The adjective order is incorrect.
08:37I bought a, we should say, new red purse.
08:43Because with the adjective order, the age comes before the color.
08:49Number two is correct.
08:51We went on a long vacation this summer.
08:54We have the adjective long before the noun vacation.
08:58It's correct.
08:59Number three is incorrect.
09:03Let's listen to some music chill.
09:06We should say, let's listen to some chill music.
09:10Chill comes before music because it is the adjective to describe the music, which is a noun.
09:17Number four.
09:18I bought a small wooden table at the furniture store.
09:21This is correct.
09:22We have the adjectives small and wooden, and they are in the correct adjective order.
09:29Number five is incorrect.
09:32We have the adjective interesting, but the verb to be is comes after the adjective, and it should come before.
09:41This book is interesting.
09:44This book is interesting.
09:45Number six.
09:45I don't like my science teacher.
09:48She is really bored.
09:49This is incorrect.
09:51Of course, technically, you could have a bored teacher, but that means the teacher is like,
09:58Ah, I don't want to teach.
10:00I'm bored.
10:01We want to say the teacher is boring.
10:04Let's say the teacher talks and talks and talks.
10:07Her lesson plan is not interesting.
10:10It is boring.
10:12Number seven is also incorrect.
10:15My aunt has a farm with three whites, horses.
10:19We just say white horses.
10:21Remember, we don't make adjectives plural.
10:24They always stay the same.
10:25Finally, number eight.
10:28Your new hairstyle looks beautiful.
10:31This is correct.
10:32Here, we have two adjectives.
10:35We have new, which describes the noun hairstyle, and it comes before the noun.
10:41And then we have beautiful.
10:43We're describing the hairstyle, but we're using it after one of those verbs that you can use adjectives after.
10:53So this is correct.
10:55Okay, so let me know in the comment section how many you got correct out of eight.
11:00I will be doing more lessons in the future on adjectives,
11:04and a more difficult quiz for practicing word order of adjectives.
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