00:02So, there are eight parts of speech in English.
00:07We have nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections.
00:17But in today's video, we're going to discuss nouns.
00:22So what are nouns?
00:23Well, nouns represent people, places, things, and ideas.
00:30There are many different types of nouns that we will discuss in this lesson.
00:35So for example, she is a nice woman.
00:39Woman is the noun.
00:41A woman is a person.
00:43My husband is from Sweden.
00:46In this sentence, we have two nouns.
00:48Husband, which is in the category of people, and Sweden, which is a place.
00:55The dog loves its bone.
00:58In this sentence, we also have two nouns, dog and bone.
01:03Bone is a thing, and a dog is an animal, which is also a noun.
01:08I hope she rests in peace.
01:10Peace is an idea, it's a concept, and that's also a noun.
01:15So, let's talk about the different types of nouns.
01:19First, I'm going to review all the different types of nouns, and then we'll talk about them
01:25in more detail.
01:27So first, we have proper nouns.
01:30For example, Jennifer, Miguel, London, Paris, October, Christmas.
01:35We also have common nouns, dog, table, love, teacher, music.
01:41Common nouns are more generic, and proper nouns are more specific.
01:46We also have singular nouns.
01:49Again, you can see that a noun can be more than one type.
01:53Dog is also a singular noun, and it's a common noun.
01:58Table, teacher, friend, church.
02:00And then we have plural nouns, which is more than one thing.
02:04Dogs, tables, teachers, friends, churches.
02:07We have compound nouns, which is when we combine two words to make a noun.
02:14Toothpaste, firefighter, sweatshirt, haircut, seafood.
02:19We also have countable nouns, which are nouns that we can count.
02:23A bag, apple, dollar, cat, cup, box.
02:28We also have uncountable nouns, which are nouns we cannot count.
02:32Rice, money, water, air, love.
02:37We have concrete nouns.
02:39Concrete nouns are things that we can experience with our senses.
02:43Salt, cookies, blanket, clock.
02:47And we have abstract nouns, which are ideas, things we can't experience with our senses.
02:53Freedom, love, happiness, time.
02:57We have possessive nouns.
02:59Jake's, Tom's, boys, parents.
03:03And finally, we have collective nouns.
03:06Family, crowd, crew, team, bunch, bouquet.
03:11Okay, so now let's review them in more detail.
03:16First we're going to compare common nouns and proper nouns.
03:19So common nouns refer to generic things, whereas proper nouns refer to specific things.
03:28We always capitalize proper nouns.
03:31For example, a common noun, we have man, but a proper noun is the name of the man, herald.
03:39It's always capitalized.
03:41Country is a common noun, but the name of a country, Portugal, is capitalized.
03:47It's a proper noun.
03:47City is a common noun, but the name of the city, Lisbon, is a proper noun.
03:54Doctor, Dr. Smith is capitalized.
03:57It's the name of the doctor.
03:59I have a more in-depth video on common nouns versus proper nouns, which I will link you to
04:05in the description below this video.
04:07Let's look at some sentence examples.
04:10My doctor is very kind.
04:12Is Dr. Smith kind?
04:15You can see, when we are referring to the name of the doctor, it's capitalized.
04:20Are you moving to a different city?
04:23Are you moving to Lisbon?
04:25Okay, now let's review singular nouns versus plural nouns.
04:29So, singular nouns refer to exactly one person, place, or thing.
04:35Plural nouns refer to more than one of something.
04:39We often just add an S to make a noun plural.
04:43plural, sometimes we add an ES, and sometimes it's irregular.
04:48For example, dog becomes dogs.
04:51Baby becomes babies.
04:53Child becomes children.
04:56Box becomes boxes.
04:59For example, we have a little dog.
05:02Can you help me move this box?
05:04My cousin has three dogs.
05:07We need to fill 20 boxes.
05:10Okay, now let's review countable nouns versus uncountable nouns.
05:15So, countable nouns can be counted.
05:19Uncountable nouns cannot be counted.
05:21For example, a countable noun is glass.
05:25This is a glass.
05:27An uncountable noun is water.
05:29Countable noun is cup.
05:31Uncountable is flour.
05:34We don't say, I need one flour to make a cake.
05:38We would say, I need a cup or two cups of flour.
05:44You can't count flour.
05:46A countable noun is bowl.
05:47Uncountable, rice.
05:49Countable noun, spoon.
05:52Uncountable, salt.
05:53For example, can I have a glass of water or two glasses of water?
05:59We need two cups of flour.
06:02The next one is concrete nouns versus abstract nouns.
06:07Concrete nouns can be seen, felt, heard, smelled, or tasted.
06:13They are nouns that we can experience with our five senses, whereas abstract nouns cannot
06:20be seen, felt, heard, smelled, or tasted.
06:24They are like concepts that we cannot actually physically see or touch.
06:30For example, a concrete noun is grandparents.
06:33You can see your grandparents here or your grandparents.
06:36They exist in a physical form.
06:39Clouds, cupcake, blanket, whereas abstract nouns are ideas or concepts.
06:46Happiness, peace, freedom, love.
06:49For example, I love my grandparents.
06:51Do you see those dark clouds?
06:54She just wants peace and happiness.
06:57I really value my freedom.
07:00Next we have possessive nouns.
07:03A possessive noun is a noun that owns something.
07:06For example, these are possessive nouns, moms, dogs, friends, parents, girls.
07:14So some of these nouns are plural possessive nouns and some are singular possessive nouns.
07:21I have a very in-depth detailed video on when to use apostrophe s and when to use s-apostrophe,
07:30which I will link you to in the description below this video.
07:34But the first three, moms, dogs, and friends, are singular possessive nouns.
07:41There is one mom, one dog, one friend.
07:44But here with parents and apostrophe and girls and apostrophe, they are plural possessive nouns.
07:50This means that if I said my parents' dog, there's one dog that belongs to both parents.
07:59Or the girl's bedroom.
08:01There's one bedroom that is shared by two girls.
08:05For example, mom's spaghetti tastes delicious.
08:09The spaghetti belongs to the mom.
08:12In this case, it's the spaghetti that she made.
08:15It's her spaghetti.
08:16My dog's bone is missing.
08:19The bone belongs to the dog.
08:21Look.
08:22The girl's cat is very cute.
08:24Because we have the apostrophe after the s, that means that the cat belongs to both girls.
08:33My parents' bedroom is upstairs.
08:37Okay, now we have compound nouns.
08:40A compound noun is a noun that is created using two or more words.
08:45Compound nouns may appear as a single word, multiple words, or hyphenated.
08:52For example, seafood.
08:55Sea is one word.
08:57Food is another word.
08:58But combined creates its own word.
09:01Toothpaste.
09:02Ice cream.
09:04Living room.
09:05Brother-in-law.
09:06So you can see some appear as a single word.
09:09Some as multiple words.
09:11Things.
09:11And this one is hyphenated.
09:13Can we have some ice cream after dinner?
09:16Dad's hanging out in the living room.
09:18My brother-in-law is a bank manager.
09:21And finally, we have collective nouns.
09:24A collective noun is a group of things.
09:27It usually functions like a singular noun, even though it refers to a group of people or
09:34things.
09:35For example, family, group, team, pack, bouquet.
09:41And if we compare these sentences, her family is from India.
09:47Both families are coming to the party tonight.
09:51You can see that we don't say her family are, even though family is a group of people.
09:59We say family is.
10:01And if we're talking about more than one family, we would say families.
10:07He bought me a bouquet of flowers.
10:10Do you have a pack of gum?
10:14Okay, so now we're going to have a quiz.
10:17I want you to identify the nouns in these sentences.
10:21Number one.
10:23Let's grab some snacks at the supermarket.
10:26Number two.
10:27Have you ever considered moving to Europe?
10:30Number three.
10:32I have a meeting in 20 minutes.
10:35Number four.
10:36What time is it?
10:37I think the movie starts soon.
10:39Number five.
10:40My best friend just had a baby.
10:43Her name is Tamara.
10:45Okay, so where are the nouns in the first sentence?
10:48We have two nouns.
10:50Let's grab some snacks at the supermarket.
10:54Number two.
10:55Have you ever considered moving to Europe?
10:58We only have one noun in the sentence.
11:00Europe.
11:01Number three.
11:02I have a meeting in 20 minutes.
11:05Here we have two nouns.
11:07Meeting and minutes.
11:08Number four.
11:09What time is it?
11:10I think the movie starts soon.
11:13Here we have two nouns.
11:15Time and movie.
11:16And finally, number five.
11:18My best friend just had a baby.
11:20Her name is Emily.
11:21In these sentences, we have four nouns.
11:25Friend, baby, name, and Emily.
11:27Don't play.
11:27dancers, baby, say isso, baby.
11:28Yes.
11:28Thanks.
11:28roomy.
11:28Si, amament.
11:28You are the city.
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