00:05Comparatives and superlatives are used to compare people, places, or things.
00:15Here we have three animals, a dog, a horse, and an elephant.
00:23How can we compare these three animals?
00:28Let's compare the dog and the elephant with the adjective fast.
00:36We say a dog is faster than an elephant.
00:44Faster is a comparative.
00:47A comparative compares two things, in this case a dog and an elephant.
00:58Now let's compare the horse with the other two animals.
01:03We say the horse is the fastest, which means the horse is the fastest of the three animals.
01:17Fastest is a superlative.
01:20A superlative compares one thing to all the others in the same group.
01:27In this case, we are comparing the horse to the other animals in the group, which are the dog and
01:35elephant.
01:37Now we need to learn how to make a comparative and a superlative.
01:45When an adjective has one syllable, such as fast or young, we put er at the end of the adjective
01:55to make it a comparative.
01:58The adjective fast has one syllable, so we just add er to the end of it, faster.
02:07The adjective young has one syllable, so we just add er to the end of it, younger.
02:19Look at the example again.
02:21A dog is faster than an elephant.
02:25We say faster and not more fast as you do in some other languages.
02:32Also, it is important to use than after the comparative.
02:40Faster than, slower than, younger than.
02:47To make a superlative, we add est to the end of the adjective.
02:54Fast becomes the fastest.
02:58Young becomes the youngest.
03:01It is important to have the article the before the superlative.
03:10The horse is the fastest.
03:14Again, since the adjective has one syllable, we do not say the more fast.
03:21No, we say the fastest.
03:25When an adjective has one syllable, but ends in an ee, such as nice or strange, we just add an
03:38r to the end of the adjective to make it a comparative.
03:42The adjective nice becomes nicer.
03:47The adjective strange becomes stranger.
03:52And for a superlative, just add st.
03:58So nice becomes the nicest.
04:02Strange becomes the strangest.
04:07Look at these three monsters, Dean, Harry and Frank.
04:14Harry is nicer than Frank.
04:18Frank.
04:19Yes, Frank looks like a grumpy monster.
04:23But of the three monsters, I think Dean is the nicest.
04:28Because he has a gift for you.
04:31Of the three monsters, which is the strangest?
04:38When an adjective has one syllable and ends in a consonant plus a short vowel plus a consonant, such as
04:48big and hot, we double the last consonant and add er for the comparative and est for the superlative.
05:02For example, big ends in a consonant, B, a short vowel, I, and another consonant, G.
05:13So we double, or make two of, the last consonant.
05:19With the word big, the last consonant is G.
05:25So we need two Gs.
05:28Big becomes bigger, with two Gs.
05:34The superlative is biggest, also with two Gs.
05:43Look at the weather on these three days.
05:49Sunday, Monday, and Tuesday.
05:52How can we compare these three days using the adjective hot?
06:02Sunday was hot.
06:06Monday was hotter than Sunday.
06:11But Tuesday was the hottest day.
06:17When an adjective has two syllables, such as happy or crazy, and the adjective also ends in the letter Y,
06:31we remove the Y and add IER for the comparative.
06:39So happy becomes happier.
06:44For the superlative, we also remove the Y, and we add IEST.
06:53So happy becomes T.
06:57So happy becomes the happiest.
06:59Crazy becomes crazier and the craziest.
07:07Here are three children, Susan, Mary, and Mike.
07:14How can we compare these three children using the adjective happy?
07:23Mary.
07:24Mary is happier than Susan.
07:28Mike is the happiest.
07:34When an adjective has two or more syllables, we do not add ER or EST to the end of it.
07:44The adjective famous has two syllables.
07:51So we cannot say famous-er.
07:54No, it doesn't exist.
07:56For comparatives, we use the word more before an adjective with two or more syllables.
08:04So famous becomes more famous.
08:09The most famous.
08:10For superlatives, we use the words the most before the adjective.
08:15So famous becomes the most famous.
08:21Expensive has three syllables.
08:25Expensive.
08:26So expensive becomes more expensive and the most expensive.
08:35Let's compare a bike, a car, and a plane as ways of traveling.
08:42How can we compare them using the word expensive?
08:47A car is more expensive than a bike.
08:53The plane is the most expensive way to travel of the three.
09:00Of course, there are always exceptions in English.
09:04Two common exceptions are the adjectives good and bad.
09:10With good, the comparative form is better.
09:15And for the superlative form, we say the best.
09:19For example, you are a better singer than John.
09:25Yes.
09:26We do not say more good.
09:29No.
09:30And we do not say gooder.
09:33No.
09:34We say better.
09:37With bad, the comparative is worse.
09:42And the superlative is the worst.
09:45For example, it was the worst decision she had ever made.
09:52We do not say most bad or baddest.
09:57No.
09:57We say the worst.
10:01There are more exceptions such as far and little, but we will see these in another video.
10:08Though.
10:11Or Amazon.
10:12Or Amazon, señor,検�.
10:141
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