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00:00:09Okay, for the candidates, I'm going to ask you right-right.
00:00:12I am ready to lose my life to pay.
00:00:16If the Americans shut down Starlink, what happens?
00:00:18We would not be able to disseminate this information.
00:00:23It's the stoiki.
00:00:24So, now our GPS signal has been jammed. We're going to be lost in the airspace. We won't
00:00:30I won't know exactly where we are.
00:00:33Producing 2,000 or 8,000 shells per year and 160,000, we are not talking about the same scale.
00:00:39And if Russia were indeed to decide to cut a large number of cables simultaneously, then it would be necessary
00:00:45no doubt alternative solutions can be imagined.
00:00:48Putin is indeed a threatening emperor against whom we must defend ourselves.
00:00:53Good evening and welcome to Exclusive Investigation.
00:00:55The atmosphere is martial.
00:00:57Venezuela, Iran, the Middle East, Ukraine, but also Greenland.
00:01:01For some time now, war or the risk of war has been making headlines.
00:01:05In France, the Chief of the Defence Staff recently stated that a confrontation with Russia could have
00:01:11place within the next three years.
00:01:13But is France ready? Does it have enough soldiers, shells, ammunition, and tanks to
00:01:19resisting the Russian steamrollers, whether at the borders of Europe or at the borders of France?
00:01:24And hasn't this war already begun?
00:01:27For some time now, our country has indeed had to deal with cyberattacks, acts of sabotage, but also...
00:01:32actions of destabilization and disinformation.
00:01:35In any case, experts all agree that if there is a conflict, it will be
00:01:40multifaceted and high-intensity.
00:01:43World War III: Is France ready? This is a document signed by Alice Serrano for Ligne de Front.
00:01:48and investigation apologies.
00:01:50Everything here seems peaceful.
00:01:53I don't know how to put my feet down for fear of crushing the courgettes.
00:01:57Yet, some are preparing for war from their vegetable gardens.
00:02:03Those are the Black people of Crimea.
00:02:06Today, by harvesting these fruits and vegetables, if there are events, we can experience some
00:02:13days, a few weeks on their own.
00:02:15Okay, let's go.
00:02:17Jean-Pierre and his son Vincent are stockpiling supplies.
00:02:21They are concerned about the Russian offensive in Ukraine.
00:02:24The thickness of the slices is war.
00:02:27It's war, even if it's not on our territory, it's war at our doorstep.
00:02:32from France, a few thousand kilometers away.
00:02:35Even if we try to think about something else, it's important to be able to survive at some point if
00:02:42There was never a real conflict.
00:02:45Oh, you're taking three?
00:02:47Yes, I'll take three.
00:02:47A few more cans of food, in an already well-stocked reserve.
00:02:53With all that, we can last one or two weeks, I think.
00:02:56If we ration ourselves, maybe a little more.
00:02:59But these stocks may not be sufficient in the event of war.
00:03:03Hi.
00:03:04How are you ?
00:03:04It's good and you ?
00:03:05The young house painter and his father want to learn how to survive in a hostile environment.
00:03:09Okay? Are we ready? Let's go.
00:03:12Here we go.
00:03:14They take their brother-in-law with them.
00:03:16Weekend, woodland lead.
00:03:19For a two-day survival course in the forests of the Tarn.
00:03:22It's important to learn to make do with the bare minimum.
00:03:25The minimum is a knife, possibly something to light a fire and a survival blanket.
00:03:32Today's instructor is Alexandre, a specialist in hazardous environments.
00:03:37He became famous for surviving alone for a month on a deserted island in the Pacific.
00:03:42Today, his internships are in high demand.
00:03:44There, in one period of the year, I tripled the number of sessions.
00:03:50So, it's still huge.
00:03:53The participants come from all backgrounds.
00:03:56They are engineers, hairdressers, dentists and each paid 175 euros.
00:04:03Do you see the two large cypress trees there in the background?
00:04:06Do you see the cypress trees?
00:04:07OK. That's where you need to go.
00:04:10See you later.
00:04:11The first challenge is finding a safe place to spend the night.
00:04:15You're paving the way there.
00:04:16They have neither a map nor a compass.
00:04:19It looks clearer over there.
00:04:23You have no choice here. Come on!
00:04:26And nature isn't exactly welcoming.
00:04:30It's hot, isn't it?
00:04:31There are reds everywhere.
00:04:34Exhausted, after 3 hours of walking.
00:04:36Ah, there it is, the cabin is there, we found it, guys!
00:04:40The team finally arrives at the camp location.
00:04:42Did it go well?
00:04:43Uh, yeah.
00:04:45The first emergency...
00:04:46That needs to be adjusted.
00:04:48...it's about building a shelter before nightfall.
00:04:50So.
00:04:51This can't go on like this any longer.
00:04:52What I want to pass on is the basic knowledge needed to survive.
00:04:56Using very simple methods, like here, a tripod, with forks.
00:05:00Learning how to survive alone in the event of war is what Lucille, an engineer, came looking for.
00:05:0635 years old.
00:05:07The worst-case scenario would be if we were attacked by Russia.
00:05:11And so we would ask ourselves, but what do we do?
00:05:13Building a real warm cabin with few resources, in quotes, is good to know.
00:05:19The other challenge of the day: lighting a fire without a lighter.
00:05:24No, no, no, he's here, he's here, he's here.
00:05:27Not always easy for city dwellers.
00:05:30This is the best lukewarm water I've ever drunk.
00:05:36Today, we've at least picked up a few reflexes.
00:05:41And so, take refuge in the forest for a few days, two, three, four days.
00:05:48I think it's possible.
00:05:50And teaching it at school is important today in these times.
00:05:56War is getting closer.
00:06:00Since Russia's invasion of Ukraine, the threat has never been greater, warns the secretary
00:06:06NATO general.
00:06:08The conflict is at our doorstep.
00:06:11Russia brought war back to Europe.
00:06:14We are Moscow's next target.
00:06:16A few weeks ago, the highest-ranking officer in the French army also didn't mince his words.
00:06:21words.
00:06:23If our country falters because it is not ready to accept losing its children, then we are
00:06:31at risk.
00:06:32The Chief of Staff's statements have had a bombshell effect on public opinion.
00:06:38The country is painfully realizing that war is a possibility.
00:06:44But are we capable of confronting Vladimir Putin?
00:06:50Are our 200,000 soldiers a match for the Russian juggernaut?
00:06:55How good are our hundreds of tanks against their thousands of armored vehicles?
00:07:00While France boasts technological superiority, it lacks fighter jets and drones.
00:07:08Ammunition.
00:07:10Producing 2000 or 8000 shells per year and 160,000, we are not talking about the same scale.
00:07:16To defend itself, the country has almost doubled its military budget.
00:07:20Yeah, got it, are you sure you're able to shoot?
00:07:22But will we be ready in time?
00:07:26Because the war is already affecting us.
00:07:28A war without tanks or cannons, which is called hybrid warfare.
00:07:33Russian hackers are increasing their cyberattacks to paralyze our cities.
00:07:38It's 7:30 am, I receive a call on my mobile phone.
00:07:41We know that an attack is taking place.
00:07:43We realize that this was a declaration of war they had made against us.
00:07:50The theory of foreign interference is confirmed in the case of the pig heads found in front of several mosques in
00:07:57the Paris region.
00:07:58Sabotage.
00:07:59Two underwater communication cables were cut in the Baltic Sea between Sunday and Monday.
00:08:04Russia wants to strike at France's heart.
00:08:07Railway networks, power plants, drinking water distribution.
00:08:13All our infrastructure is a potential target.
00:08:16From our state-of-the-art laboratories to our barracks.
00:08:21Ready by the life of our country.
00:08:23An investigation into a country preparing for battle.
00:08:32In April 2024, Saint-Nazaire is targeted by hackers.
00:08:38Within minutes, the 1600 computers in the second largest city in Loire-Atlantique stopped working.
00:08:47Its mayor, David Samzin, sees his town paralyzed.
00:08:51In a city, things are simple.
00:08:53Everything is connected.
00:08:55For example, there are traffic lights, road safety features,
00:08:58but also the efficiency of public transport, which was no longer functioning.
00:09:01And when we were able to do that, I think the best expression is that we were completely blind.
00:09:06No more garbage collection, school meals, or wastewater treatment.
00:09:12Everything has come to a standstill.
00:09:15Hello sir, pleased to meet you.
00:09:17A year and a half after the attack, a third of the city's servers are still down.
00:09:23The consequences are catastrophic.
00:09:25These are works that have fallen behind schedule.
00:09:27We were unable to launch the calls for tenders.
00:09:30Why? Because the specifications we had written were in the machines.
00:09:32If there is an explanation for why we are delivering this seafront on July 4th and not
00:09:37as planned earlier in May.
00:09:40According to its mayor, Saint-Nazaire was not targeted at random.
00:09:43It is home to the Chantiers de l'Atlantique shipyard, one of the world's largest shipbuilding sites.
00:09:49In 2014, two military helicopter carriers were about to be delivered to Russia.
00:09:54When Crimea is invaded.
00:09:57The President of the Republic, François Hollande, informs me that he is blocking the delivery of the military frigates that are currently afloat.
00:10:02which are in its basins, destined for the Russians, in light of the conflict with Crimea,
00:10:06saying that he did not wish to hand over his military ships.
00:10:10The cyberattack is believed to be an act of retaliation.
00:10:13We realize that this is a declaration of war against us.
00:10:17It comes more from Eastern European countries, not to mention Russia.
00:10:20And so, we clearly feel that Saint-Nazaire was targeted because we have a role in France.
00:10:27So, there is a will, when I say war, it is a will to destabilize the institutions.
00:10:31And we are, in a way, victims of an international situation.
00:10:37Moscow wants to send a strong signal to Paris.
00:10:39Analysis by Elie Tenenbaum, researcher, specialist in defense issues.
00:10:44This is the expression of a permanent, persistent threat against French society.
00:10:50And this has been theorized by a number of actors in hybrid warfare in Russia.
00:10:56Attacking local communities is like interfering in the bedrooms and living rooms of French citizens.
00:11:05Putin is indeed a threatening emperor against whom we must defend ourselves.
00:11:10He is putting society in a very difficult position, just as he is doing in Ukraine.
00:11:16when it bombs energy infrastructure,
00:11:20when it deprives Ukrainians of heating and electricity, especially during the winter season.
00:11:26In fact, his goal is to make them suffer.
00:11:29To suffer from not obeying Putin.
00:11:32The Kremlin is already clearly targeting our infrastructure.
00:11:37our hospitals, our transport systems, our banks, even our water network.
00:11:44In April 2024, Russian hackers attempt to sabotage a hydroelectric power plant in Burgundy.
00:11:50Water is a strategic commodity in times of war.
00:11:54Since then, our distribution system has been under close scrutiny.
00:12:00In Strasbourg, Alsace, the city's water production center is extremely well protected.
00:12:08Jean-Marc Weber is responsible for his security.
00:12:12He exceptionally agreed to open the site to our cameras.
00:12:19At the command post, a team is on alert 24 hours a day.
00:12:25We can see the different pumps that supply the entire city of Strasbourg and the surrounding towns.
00:12:31At the slightest failure, more than 500,000 inhabitants are deprived of drinking water.
00:12:36Faced with the risk of hacking, the municipality has put in place a contingency plan.
00:12:40If a cyberattack were to happen, we could potentially lose control over the monitoring aspect.
00:12:46At that point, we have a degraded solution which is to revert to the automated systems.
00:12:50An old-fashioned way of working, without computers.
00:12:53So here, we're really dealing with the manual part.
00:12:56Operating the pumps is as easy as that.
00:12:58We simply have an on-off button.
00:13:00Red is for turning off.
00:13:01Green is for lighting.
00:13:03And we have direct action on the pump which is right there next to it.
00:13:07The big tragedy for Jean-Marc and his colleagues was poisoning.
00:13:11The water is therefore constantly monitored.
00:13:14So here we have the chlorine value.
00:13:16For us, chlorine is not at all a tool for disinfecting water.
00:13:19We will use it as a control parameter.
00:13:22If there were ever any contamination of the water, the chlorine level would drop.
00:13:27To prevent possible sabotage, the reserve is virtually inaccessible.
00:13:31This is really the most sensitive point, in fact, one of the most sensitive points in the factory.
00:13:37To approach it, you have to go through two armored doors.
00:13:42We broke into the vault of the Strasbourg water department.
00:13:46While the processing plant is a veritable bunker, the point of vulnerability is the 11 wells in the network.
00:13:53Go ahead, go ahead, go ahead.
00:13:55This is where the water is extracted from the water table.
00:13:58To prevent them from being contaminated, the city is installing surveillance cameras.
00:14:03Are you starting from the top?
00:14:05From above, yes, the camera that is.
00:14:07Anne-Sophie Charpentier is supervising the work.
00:14:10We equip all the wells with cameras that will allow us to detect intrusions.
00:14:14But the idea is always to improve and indeed to be able to respond to a possible terrorist risk.
00:14:21In the event of an intrusion, teams can intervene within 20 minutes.
00:14:25We're still going to look at our camera.
00:14:28This latest generation technology detects the slightest movements from several hundred meters away.
00:14:34We know very well that the threat is also becoming more sophisticated.
00:14:37For us, the idea is to be even better than them.
00:14:39So, what we are equipping ourselves with is a new technology.
00:14:43Now for the test.
00:14:46There, we see it on objective 4.
00:14:48You can clearly see the person standing in front of the fence.
00:14:51Yes, it's still super clear.
00:14:53We can see it very well.
00:14:55We got what we wanted.
00:14:57That's cool.
00:14:58We have achieved our objective.
00:15:02France is not Russia's only target.
00:15:06The whole of Europe is targeted.
00:15:07And more specifically the Baltic region.
00:15:10Moscow absolutely needs this strategic access to the Atlantic Ocean.
00:15:15To ensure its control over it, Russia does not hesitate to carry out hostile actions there.
00:15:20These aircraft regularly violate Baltic airspace.
00:15:24They use their radar to target European aircraft flying over the area.
00:15:30But it is at sea that tensions are highest.
00:15:34Russia is accused of oil trafficking and sabotage.
00:15:38To track down suspicious boats, France is participating in a NATO intelligence operation.
00:15:46Early in the morning, at the Ambiway base in Brittany, the Atlantique 2 is preparing to take off.
00:15:54On board, about ten French soldiers are preparing.
00:15:58We were able, and this is rare, to embark with them.
00:16:02Okay, you guys have a clear idea, that's good, let's go?
00:16:05Commander Swan briefs his team.
00:16:08We arrive in the Baltic Sea and the patrol begins there, off the Polish coast, off the enclave.
00:16:16Russian from Kaliningrad.
00:16:17And we head north up the Baltic Sea.
00:16:20I remember, the mission was to monitor maritime traffic, anything that might be suspicious and
00:16:25harming underwater infrastructure throughout the Baltic Sea.
00:16:30Décone à l'Ambiway, c'est le base de 43 totes 2.
00:16:33The crew takes off for the NATO mission, Baltic Sentry.
00:16:38The sign is taking off.
00:16:39Its goal is to defend the Baltic Sea against Russian aggression.
00:16:43NATO is conducting the maritime security operation Baltic Sentry.
00:16:47The aircraft has significant advantages: its radar, its ultra-powerful camera, and its 13-hour battery life.
00:16:54flight.
00:16:56Please report any unusual activity or behavior on VHF channel 10.
00:17:04In the rear, seated in a cramped space, the military analysts have their eyes glued to the radar screens.
00:17:12When suddenly...
00:17:13You can say mode 3, 72, 77.
00:17:18A boat is spotted approaching the Russian enclave of Kaliningrad, between Poland and Lithuania.
00:17:30Captain Romain zooms in with his optronic camera, capable of spotting the smallest details from several kilometers away.
00:17:39Here we have the hull number.
00:17:41The camera is high-tech, but the rest of the procedure is much more rudimentary.
00:17:48In my databases, I search for the name of the frigate using the hull number.
00:17:53and to the silhouette of the boat.
00:17:54And so here it's a Steriguchi class and it's the Stoyki.
00:18:00Here, a Russian military vessel, its colleague Betanie, is recording its intelligence.
00:18:07But suddenly, the screen goes blurry.
00:18:12The aircraft loses its location data.
00:18:15So now our GPS signal has been jammed.
00:18:18We're going to be lost in the airspace, we won't know exactly where we are.
00:18:24The French military aircraft is the victim of an intimidation maneuver near Russian airspace.
00:18:32For a few minutes, the Atlantic 2 loses one of its means of navigation.
00:18:37These incidents have become a daily occurrence for the crew.
00:18:41Pollution 5537 North, 019 04 East.
00:18:46Once the camera is restored.
00:18:48You have some things on your mobile phone.
00:18:51The military resumes its hunt.
00:18:53They are hunting down ships that cut undersea cables.
00:18:57Most of them are Russian.
00:19:00By massively attacking these cables, Moscow can bring a country to its knees.
00:19:05These highly strategic infrastructures carry 99% of global Internet traffic.
00:19:12The functioning of our society depends on it.
00:19:16These cables are, in fact, information superhighways.
00:19:19If they were damaged, a large part of our telephone communications would be affected.
00:19:24of our information exchanges, of our banking transactions which would be disrupted.
00:19:27And so we would find ourselves in chaos.
00:19:30I'll give you just one example.
00:19:31If tomorrow no one can pay with their bank card anymore,
00:19:34because the information systems are completely overloaded,
00:19:37Who still has enough cash to simply meet their needs for a week?
00:19:43Person ?
00:19:44This is why the government published its survival guide
00:19:48recommends keeping cash at home.
00:19:57Captain Romain spots an oil tanker stationed near an underwater cable.
00:20:03So I'm going to walk past it to see if there's anything suspicious or not.
00:20:08The crew checks that the boat is not leaving its anchor trailing.
00:20:11Ships use them to damage cables.
00:20:20The commander still wants to be sure of his intentions.
00:20:25I would like you to answer a few questions.
00:20:29What is the name of your company?
00:20:33The ship flies the Panamanian flag.
00:20:36However, its captain has a strong Russian accent.
00:20:39What are your last and next destinations?
00:20:48After a cursory check, the TACO, the tactical coordinator, lets the boat go.
00:20:56Thank you for your cooperation.
00:20:58He accomplished his intelligence mission.
00:21:01Typically, if it turns out tomorrow or the day after that the cable is damaged,
00:21:06We will be able to report that such and such a boat was at such and such a place at such and such a time with its anchor
00:21:12to us.
00:21:13Sabotage of undersea cables has increased since the start of the war in Ukraine.
00:21:20Between Sweden and Lithuania, between Finland and Germany, but also Estonia.
00:21:27France was also affected in October 2022.
00:21:32Several cables were severed as they emerged from the water near Marseille.
00:21:36The country has decided to retaliate.
00:21:41To secure its network, the French state spent 100 million euros.
00:21:46and took control of one of the world's leading companies in cable installation and repair
00:21:50submarines,
00:21:52ASN.
00:21:53With its eight cable-laying ships, Alcatel Submarine Network has one of the largest fleets in the world.
00:22:04In the port of Calais, the island of Saint will soon set sail.
00:22:09The captain oversees the loading of the last supplies for the 80 crew members.
00:22:16Okay boss, are these your last two palettes?
00:22:18Yes.
00:22:19The cable-laying ship is due to set sail for a 10-month voyage at sea.
00:22:22We plan to leave in 3 days, we are currently at the end of loading.
00:22:27But it is the activity on the bridge that worries Commander Colin.
00:22:32The ship carries 5500 km of submarine cables.
00:22:36Destination: the Caribbean.
00:22:38So the cable will be pulled on board through the entire cable path to the storage tanks.
00:22:47Two huge tanks, each swallowing 2500 tons of cables.
00:22:54Good.
00:22:55The operation is delicate.
00:22:58It is led by lovers.
00:23:00Excuse me, what are you checking there?
00:23:02It's good if it's well behind.
00:23:04The lovers are dockworkers from the port of Calais.
00:23:07Denis Serre, please.
00:23:09For the past month, they have been carefully winding the cable day and night.
00:23:13To facilitate its subsequent placement on the seabed.
00:23:17To prevent it from being pulled out, the cable is buried in the ground.
00:23:21Using an impressive tool.
00:23:25So here is our plow.
00:23:27This massive 11-ton machine will dig up the seabed like a field of earth.
00:23:34We have the cable that will go into the plow here, that will go over the plow, that arrives here
00:23:41at the top of the base.
00:23:42And that base makes a furrow in the ground.
00:23:45And the cable will end up at the bottom of the furrow behind the plow and it will be buried.
00:23:51Buried, that is to say hidden in the ground up to 2 meters deep.
00:23:59Despite all these precautions, cables are still being cut.
00:24:04The crew can repair them at sea, in 48 hours.
00:24:10But in the event of a massive attack, the company has no solution, admits Vincent Lemaire.
00:24:17With the tools and resources we have today,
00:24:21As long as there are one, two, or three cables cut simultaneously, they are repaired quickly.
00:24:26And if Russia were indeed to decide to cut a large number of cables simultaneously,
00:24:31So we would probably need to imagine alternative solutions.
00:24:35To avoid such a scenario at all costs, the company is counting on a revolutionary technology.
00:24:42It equips submarine cables with large ears.
00:24:48We meet in the Parisian suburbs, in a laboratory located in the basement, out of sight.
00:24:54And what about the last one?
00:24:56Corinne Sagari is in the middle of a testing session.
00:25:00It's pretty good, you can see it really well, even though the pen is quite light and you can still see it.
00:25:04OK.
00:25:05Thanks to this technology, the geophysicist can detect impacts in real time,
00:25:10but also the threats surrounding submarine cables.
00:25:14For now, the maximum distance of objects that can be detected that go to the bottom of the water and
00:25:19that approach the cables is on the order of 3-4 kilometers.
00:25:23So what we want is to improve sensitivity, to be able to detect objects that would arrive
00:25:27further away,
00:25:28or lighter objects, more subtle impacts, let's say.
00:25:33This black box is what captures the sounds underwater.
00:25:37She then transforms them into visual signatures, which can be perceived on a computer.
00:25:43Here, we see, we sent a drone with a camera to the bottom of the water, along a
00:25:47cable.
00:25:48And on the right, you can see the real-time recording of the fiber optic surveillance.
00:25:53And then, the drone, tap, touches the cable, and so we see it.
00:25:59But not all noises are threats.
00:26:02Corinne has to sort through the multitude of sounds captured underwater.
00:26:06With her team, she began to build an acoustic library.
00:26:10where the sounds of various marine vessels mingle with fields of 800 whales.
00:26:20You see here, for the whales, it makes species of rays, there, these different whales.
00:26:25And here you can see the impact of the drone on the cable; the signature is completely different.
00:26:31And it will be the same thing; there will be a really different signature between a cargo ship that travels in
00:26:36surface
00:26:37and an ink that will hit a telecom cable.
00:26:42This innovation is already attracting the interest of the military.
00:26:52But beyond new technologies, war is first and foremost about men.
00:26:57And in this respect, Russia far surpasses us.
00:27:01Vladimir Putin's troops number just over one million men.
00:27:05In contrast, France only has 200,000.
00:27:08That's five times less.
00:27:11Could our army withstand the Russian behemoths?
00:27:16The French army is the legacy of a time when threats were distant.
00:27:22and fundamentally asymmetrical.
00:27:25These included the Taliban, Daesh, and armed terrorist groups in the Sahel.
00:27:31since these were the main adversaries that the French armies had
00:27:34to face over the past 30 years.
00:27:37It is a professional army, reduced in size.
00:27:41200,000 military personnel, 300,000 people in total.
00:27:44And she is very skilled in terms of training and education.
00:27:48But who can't face a numerically very large army?
00:27:53and especially to a threatening empire like Putin's Russia.
00:27:56Why? Because of a size issue.
00:27:59To compensate for this weakness,
00:28:01France plans to double the number of its reservists by 2030.
00:28:05and is launching a national voluntary service for 18-25 year olds.
00:28:11But the army also has to deal with numerous departures from its ranks.
00:28:14and recruits 24,000 young people each year.
00:28:24It is on social media that she seduces them.
00:28:27And it works.
00:28:29More than half of 18-25 year olds say they are ready to enlist in the event of war.
00:28:34Our system has been intruded upon.
00:28:36It can be switched to another server.
00:28:38Something unseen for decades.
00:28:41But what is attracting these young people in this troubled time?
00:28:49In Saint-Malo-de-Gersac, in Loire-Atlantique,
00:28:54Lucas is reunited with his friends.
00:28:56How are you ?
00:28:57How are you ?
00:28:57How are you ?
00:28:58It's okay, it's okay.
00:29:00With your completely white skull, there.
00:29:01It's a completely white skull, yeah.
00:29:03And her new haircut isn't exactly a hit with everyone.
00:29:06Yeah, I told him, make it a little shorter.
00:29:08Make it a little shorter than usual, but not too short either.
00:29:10Of course we'll still do it.
00:29:11Tomorrow, Lucas will take the army recruitment tests.
00:29:15Matisse, Luna and the others have known their friend since middle school.
00:29:19However, they were surprised by his choice.
00:29:21I never imagined that Lucas, at our age, would have wanted to join the army.
00:29:26I chose a different path.
00:29:27I want to continue my studies, to finish at my own pace.
00:29:29But I fully support Lucas in his approach.
00:29:33His friends are still worried.
00:29:35Since war came to Europe.
00:29:38Aren't you scared about what's to come, honestly?
00:29:40Because things are hot right now.
00:29:42Yes, so yes, it's a tough situation.
00:29:44But we are still far from being attacked at home.
00:29:47Finally, in my opinion.
00:29:48We are not in a war where France is truly the one impacted.
00:29:52It's another country, so we would be more in a support role.
00:29:55Before his departure the following morning.
00:29:59Tac, tac, tac.
00:30:00And then, okay.
00:30:01Lucas still needs to gather his things.
00:30:03Okay, there you go, we have everything.
00:30:06I'm packing my bag for the three days of testing.
00:30:12Before joining the army, the 19-year-old was keen to finish his BTS in business.
00:30:18Today, Lucas is finally within reach of his dream.
00:30:23It was on my mind, I knew that at some point I had to go.
00:30:25There is a sense of pride in showing others that you are ready to defend your country and
00:30:29the values that go with it.
00:30:31When you're sick, you benefit from free or at least partially free healthcare.
00:30:36Freedom of expression means that when you disagree, you can say so without worrying about the repercussions.
00:30:42So it seems important to me to be able to defend these things.
00:30:46In terms of clothing, we're good.
00:30:49Okay.
00:30:54Lucas made his decision alone, but he was undoubtedly influenced by his father's military experience.
00:31:01Like him, the young man wants to join the canine unit.
00:31:05It's me.
00:31:06I also had my military dog, which I had brought back from the army.
00:31:14This 47-year-old garbage collector is proud of his son's choice.
00:31:17His mother, on the other hand, is struggling to hide her concern.
00:31:21I wouldn't say I'm anxious, but I am, anyway.
00:31:26Given the current situation, this is inevitably our biggest fear.
00:31:29That they are deployed in Ukraine and that they have to go on a mission there.
00:31:34Or in countries currently at war.
00:31:36My mother's heart bleeds a lot.
00:31:43This is the big day for Lucas.
00:31:45The young man has an appointment at the recruitment center in Rennes.
00:31:51I'm feeling a bit stressed.
00:31:52It's rising.
00:31:54I can see all the candidates who are here.
00:31:58A few people in uniform.
00:31:59So that's good.
00:32:01We're starting to get there.
00:32:02Here we go.
00:32:04Here we are in one of the army's five centers.
00:32:07Welcome to the recruitment and selection group.
00:32:10It welcomes 3500 young women and men each year.
00:32:14Aged between 17 and 32.
00:32:16So, behind you with the black bag, please.
00:32:17Come on, gather in the sun in two rows.
00:32:19In two rows, so move over.
00:32:21The candidates are immediately thrown into the deep end.
00:32:25Gather yourselves properly.
00:32:26That of rigor and discipline.
00:32:29Like your comrades lined up.
00:32:30So it's simple.
00:32:31Respecting instructions and schedules.
00:32:33An impeccable outfit.
00:32:35The way of expressing oneself.
00:32:38Okay, for the candidates, I'm going to ask you to the right, right.
00:32:41The day begins with the medical examination.
00:32:44It is crucial.
00:32:46Alright, let's attack.
00:32:47She is the one who will remove the unsuitable young people.
00:32:51Lucas will undergo a battery of tests.
00:32:53Before the general examination.
00:32:55With the nurse from the center.
00:32:57Go ahead, lie down.
00:33:02Go on, put your arm in there.
00:33:06So what do you want to do then?
00:33:08I want to be a group leader, a dog handler.
00:33:11The young man's results will be analyzed according to the unit he wants to join.
00:33:16We're going to be differently demanding.
00:33:17Someone who wants to be a commando, someone who wants to be a secretary,
00:33:21Someone who wants to be a cook, someone who wants to be a fighter pilot, that seems logical.
00:33:25Verdict.
00:33:26He's breathing, he's smiling, so well, it's okay, everything's fine.
00:33:30Lucas is declared fit.
00:33:34He has succeeded in the first step.
00:33:36You will put your shoes back on.
00:33:37Okay, let's go to the next one.
00:33:39For others, the journey comes to an abrupt end.
00:33:42Is it unsuitable?
00:33:43Complete.
00:33:44No.
00:33:45For what ?
00:33:45He saw me.
00:33:48The unsuccessful candidate is unable to distinguish the contours of the land.
00:33:52A disqualifying factor for joining the infantry.
00:33:55Okay, see you next time.
00:33:56How are you experiencing this?
00:33:58Disappointed and at the same time, a little sad, but I'm coping.
00:34:05Between a quarter and a third of the candidates are declared unsuitable.
00:34:11After an afternoon spent on the reasoning test, Lucas finally returns to his room and his classmates.
00:34:19He wants to prove that the younger generation is not as resigned as it seems.
00:34:24No, but it's just that, well, for me it takes a little longer than for others.
00:34:30Obviously, in our generation, there are many young people who aren't necessarily interested in what's happening
00:34:34pass and who are not ready to defend the country's values.
00:34:36They are largely represented, whereas in reality, the true strength of France lies with these
00:34:42young people who are not often talked about, who come to get involved.
00:34:44Are you prepared to lose your life for your country?
00:34:46Yes, I am ready to lose my life for the country, for my country, for France.
00:34:54Nuclear deterrence is supposed to protect us from armed conflict in France.
00:35:02If war were to break out in Europe, our country would lend a hand to its NATO allies.
00:35:09The organization comprises 32 nations.
00:35:12The United States, Canada, Turkey and 29 European states.
00:35:19Created in the aftermath of the Second World War, this defensive alliance would thus regain its raison d'être.
00:35:26To fight against Russian expansion.
00:35:29While Moscow has one million soldiers, NATO fields 3.4 million combatants, including 1.4 million
00:35:37of Americans and 1.5 million Europeans.
00:35:41In Europe, France and Poland have the two largest armies, with more than 200,000 men each.
00:35:48Next came Germany with 180,000 soldiers and the United Kingdom with 140,000.
00:35:59To stay ready, French forces actively participate in Alliance exercises.
00:36:05Like here in Estonia, 2500 kilometers from Paris, northeast of the Baltic countries, near Tapa.
00:36:17This is where the next world conflict could begin.
00:36:20Yeah, correct, 40 situations.
00:36:22Pierre is in command of a company of 200 men.
00:36:25Yeah, very good.
00:36:26Yeah, got it, are you sure you're able to shoot?
00:36:28And the enemy there, he's trapped between us and another company.
00:36:33And the other company will seize the enemy position.
00:36:36Here we are at the heart of one of NATO's most important exercises, Hedgehog.
00:36:42Hundreds of armored vehicles are being deployed.
00:36:4613 countries are participating.
00:36:48Russia is located only 150 kilometers from here.
00:36:52In the event of an attack, the Baltic states are on the front line.
00:36:56They are our neighbors.
00:36:59They are tough, aggressive.
00:37:02But we have to make do.
00:37:04That's why we participate in this kind of exercise.
00:37:07To be ready.
00:37:09We saw what happened in Ukraine.
00:37:12A Russian offensive would signal the return of high-intensity warfare.
00:37:16Massive strikes.
00:37:19Sustained and violent fighting.
00:37:21Between equivalent powers.
00:37:24Pierre and his men are preparing for it.
00:37:25I think they went through it.
00:37:28They're a real enemy, yeah.
00:37:29Yeah, he maneuvers well, he has resources, drones, FPV, observation drones.
00:37:33Medium artillery, jamming equipment, therefore everything needed to advance.
00:37:37I don't know if we're close to reality, but we're certainly getting closer.
00:37:4030 in the lead, the target to reach.
00:37:43After two days of fighting, the young captain is preparing to launch a new offensive.
00:37:47Out of 76, 80 will be deployed to provide information by drone on the point which is here.
00:37:5280 is Romain's code name.
00:37:56With me!
00:37:58With his team, the 28-year-old non-commissioned officer sets off on a reconnaissance mission towards enemy lines.
00:38:04He is part of an army drone unit.
00:38:08We're going to move 500 meters north, we're going to gather information, to get a general sense of the situation.
00:38:13to see what we hear, what we can recognize occasionally, and also to fly our drone.
00:38:20Romain and his men are making slow progress.
00:38:29He rediscovers the mud and marshes of northern and eastern Europe.
00:38:34These are areas far removed from the army's recent overseas operations in Africa and the Middle East.
00:38:40When it's springtime like now, these marshes are no longer frozen.
00:38:45And so progress is much more complicated.
00:38:49Because we are sinking deeper and are in a danger zone if we are ever subjected to a drone flyover,
00:38:59from the enemy or from gunfire.
00:39:02After several hours of walking, the team finally got their drone off the ground.
00:39:10She trains to use a technology that has become indispensable on the battlefield, as shown by the war in
00:39:16Ukraine.
00:39:16Charlie says if there is a group.
00:39:19The enemy is quickly spotted.
00:39:21You have a group sitting right here, in front of the shelter entrance, in the trench.
00:39:26This crucial information is sent via satellite in real time to Pierre, their leader.
00:39:32Thanks to this installation and this computer, it is possible to connect with a Starlink antenna and broadcast the drone's visual feed.
00:39:43In real time.
00:39:45Starlink is the satellite internet service provider owned by Elon Musk.
00:39:51Its use by the army raises questions.
00:39:54If the Americans cut off our Starlink service, what happens?
00:39:57Currently, we would not be able to release this information.
00:40:02However, that doesn't stop us from fighting.
00:40:05This would not necessarily be a hindrance to our action.
00:40:08Aware of the problem, the institution has just signed a contract with the European company Eutelsat.
00:40:14But the operator has ten times fewer satellites than its transatlantic competitor.
00:40:22After a day of training.
00:40:25It is an American general who is giving the update.
00:40:29It was excellent.
00:40:30But we still have to learn.
00:40:31That's why we're still training.
00:40:33It was very good.
00:40:35Do you think NATO armies could fight without the Americans?
00:40:38I don't waste my time thinking about political decisions.
00:40:41The Americans are in the alliance.
00:40:43We are fighting together.
00:40:44And we will continue to fight together.
00:40:46NATO is the most successful alliance in world history.
00:40:49And it will continue like this.
00:40:54The general brushed aside a clearly awkward question.
00:41:00Washington provides 70% of NATO's military capabilities.
00:41:04Do Europeans today have the means to confront Russia?
00:41:08Without the Americans?
00:41:10In fact, NATO countries are extremely dependent on the United States.
00:41:14for the intelligence system, the general staffs and logistics.
00:41:17But the question would be what level of American involvement there would be.
00:41:22And what they are simply telling us is, I am not sending troops into the field.
00:41:25Europeans know how to do this if they are coordinated.
00:41:27that they have the American intelligence system and logistics.
00:41:30If the Americans say, "I will not lend any aircraft to transport other NATO troops,"
00:41:34This is truly boring.
00:41:35And if the Americans tell us, "You no longer have access to the intelligence system,"
00:41:39At that time, the European military were miocs.
00:41:43And in times of war, it's dangerous.
00:41:47But the French army is not only lacking in intelligence or large transport aircraft.
00:41:52A significant portion of our military equipment is outdated or insufficient.
00:41:58We need Rafale fighter jets, anti-aircraft defenses, combat drones and above all, ammunition.
00:42:08In the event of a conflict, the country would hold out for two weeks, according to a Senate report.
00:42:13To avoid such a scenario, Emmanuel Macron has decided to put France into a war economy.
00:42:20A high-intensity war has engulfed European soil.
00:42:25For all our armed forces, our industrialists are fully mobilized for a transition to a war economy.
00:42:32Manufacturers need to produce more, faster.
00:42:37And in France today, the country manufactures 25 times fewer large-caliber shells than Russia.
00:42:45Those of the famous Caesar cannons made famous in Ukraine.
00:42:51In Occitanie, only one factory has preserved this know-how.
00:42:56The forges of Tarbes.
00:42:59The site absolutely must increase its production rates.
00:43:04A major challenge for Stéphane Bonillo, its director.
00:43:08This is the director's heart.
00:43:10That's why it's getting hot.
00:43:14This furnace burns steel at 1100 degrees, to give it the shape of a hollow shell body.
00:43:20It is the metal casing that will then hold the gunpowder.
00:43:25We will force the material to mold itself, like dough with air.
00:43:29Except that here we have steel, so it's a bit more complicated to heat and apply
00:43:35in action.
00:43:36Highly strategic expertise.
00:43:38The management exceptionally agreed to open its doors to us, but under certain conditions.
00:43:46You can't film when it's not warm.
00:43:48You won't be able to film the top of the room from there.
00:43:51The communications officer monitors each of our photo shoots.
00:43:54The factory is on its guard, like many companies in the arms industry.
00:43:59Attempts at espionage and intrusion are increasing.
00:44:04We pay close attention to both the information and the images of models that may
00:44:11to reveal manufacturing secrets.
00:44:16In 4 years, the site has grown significantly.
00:44:19It has gone from producing 5,000 shells per year to 160,000 last year.
00:44:25To keep up with the pace, it is preparing to automate certain positions.
00:44:30And we're going to install a robot that will replace the 3 people.
00:44:35This will allow us to have the same mowing rate, roughly one 90-second piece.
00:44:40And that will allow us to reduce the workload for the operators.
00:44:47To meet demand, the factory also needs to hire.
00:44:51Do you have gloves, JP?
00:44:54In 4 years, it has tripled its workforce.
00:44:59But it is facing a shortage of blacksmiths.
00:45:02So it is Edi who trains Jean-Philippe, a former firefighter.
00:45:06To put it simply, your kilo of the piece after the site bar.
00:45:10It took about 3-4 months for JP to be reasonably well trained, for him
00:45:15so that it can be autonomous.
00:45:17He learns very quickly.
00:45:19So in a month or two, it will be settled.
00:45:24It's the return of the master and apprentice system.
00:45:28Training in the blacksmithing trade has virtually disappeared.
00:45:33Chief, sir.
00:45:36Over coffee, Stéphane more broadly denounces the significant lack of skilled labor in the country.
00:45:42Manual labor has been denigrated for years.
00:45:47Today, we realize that it was a huge mistake.
00:45:49We are trying to backpedal, but unfortunately, we have lost a lot of knowledge.
00:45:55France wants to regain sovereignty over its military production chain.
00:45:59It even reopened urgently near Bordeaux.
00:46:01The only gunpowder factory, relocated to Sweden and Belgium.
00:46:05But this small victory hides big challenges.
00:46:08As long as we remain at our national level, we will continue to produce exquisite weaponry.
00:46:14where industrial series are needed.
00:46:17And an industrial series is not the 200 or 300 Rafale aircraft that were built in total.
00:46:22That's 2000 or 3000 planes.
00:46:24And the only solution here is not French.
00:46:27It is at the European level.
00:46:31In Europe, Germany wants to catch up and invest massively in its army.
00:46:36Berlin spends 90 billion euros per year on it.
00:46:40Next comes the United Kingdom, with 74 billion euros.
00:46:44And France, with 60 billion euros.
00:46:47Despite significant inequalities,
00:46:50Europeans have significantly increased their defense budget.
00:46:54Up 40% in 4 years.
00:46:56They are still far from the Russian war machine.
00:46:59And that's a 130% increase.
00:47:04Moscow has also waged a low-cost war.
00:47:06And with devastating effects.
00:47:09His weapon: disinformation.
00:47:16For the past 3 years,
00:47:18France is the target of intense campaigns of interference and destabilization.
00:47:23Pig heads left in front of mosques.
00:47:27Destabilization.
00:47:28The Stars of David,
00:47:30tagged on the walls of Paris.
00:47:32Destabilization.
00:47:34Brigitte Macron's transgender identity.
00:47:36Again,
00:47:38destabilization.
00:47:41The purpose of these provocations.
00:47:43We turn against each other.
00:47:47Nathalie Huet investigated for NewsGuard.
00:47:50An organization dedicated to combating disinformation.
00:47:53The journalist analyzed one of the latest Russian campaigns.
00:47:57A synchronization of these accounts has been observed.
00:48:00with France taking positions in favor of Ukraine.
00:48:03And it was quite noticeable.
00:48:04That is to say, we had a speech by Emmanuel Macron
00:48:06or perhaps a meeting he was organizing
00:48:08to increase support for Ukraine.
00:48:10And a few days later,
00:48:12a false story.
00:48:14On March 27,
00:48:16the French president is organizing in Paris
00:48:18a meeting on peace in Ukraine.
00:48:20The day after,
00:48:21he is being personally attacked
00:48:22in a YouTube video.
00:48:25Hello, my name is Raoul Fleming.
00:48:27I was born in the West Indies.
00:48:28A certain Raoul Fleming
00:48:29spread the rumor that Emmanuel Macron is homosexual.
00:48:33His video has 15 million views.
00:48:35My brother dated him for a while.
00:48:38He even had sexual relations
00:48:40with Emmanuel Macron
00:48:42after his visit to Saint-Martin in 2018.
00:48:44With French President Emmanuel Macron?
00:48:47Exactly.
00:48:48To make the rumor seem credible,
00:48:50The Russians mix truth and falsehood.
00:48:53Emmanuel Macron
00:48:53did indeed meet a certain Raoul Fleming
00:48:56during a trip to Guadeloupe.
00:48:58But the testimony on YouTube is false.
00:49:01The man in the video does not exist.
00:49:03It was created by Artificial Intelligence.
00:49:06On the right is Raoul Fleming.
00:49:09And what we see is that Raoul Fleming doesn't look like
00:49:12to the man in our YouTube video.
00:49:15However, according to the YouTube video, it is the same man.
00:49:19To bolster the credibility of this rumor,
00:49:22Russia spreads false testimony
00:49:24on dozens of African news sites,
00:49:27manufactured from scratch.
00:49:30This is called a phase of whitewashing the false narrative.
00:49:33in the sense that it will be broadcast, picked up
00:49:37on news websites
00:49:41to give it an air of authenticity and legitimacy.
00:49:45The goal is to conceal the dubious origin of the video.
00:49:49Once the information has been made credible through these websites,
00:49:53It is amplified.
00:49:55Two fake French and foreign accounts
00:49:57they are picking it up on social media
00:49:59citing press articles.
00:50:02Then, it is distributed en masse
00:50:05by the Pravda galaxy.
00:50:07Pravda is a network of pro-Kremlin news sites.
00:50:12More than 150 have been counted in this network.
00:50:16in many languages that are particularly aimed at Europe
00:50:19and which aim to relay and amplify Kremlin propaganda.
00:50:22The purpose of this network would be to breastfeed
00:50:26artificial intelligences with a pro-Russian narrative
00:50:30and thus influence the responses of AI tools.
00:50:36And that's where the Russian operation is so formidable.
00:50:40It overwhelms artificial intelligence.
00:50:42of this false information.
00:50:44And it works.
00:50:46NewsGuard tested the 11 most important generative AI software.
00:50:51A third of them repeated the fake news.
00:50:54The danger is that more and more people
00:50:56use generative AI tools
00:50:58such as tools for researching current events.
00:51:02And what we see today in our research at NewsGuard,
00:51:05The problem is that these tools are not necessarily equipped
00:51:08safeguards that prevent them
00:51:11to be manipulated for propaganda purposes.
00:51:14More than ever, the French will have to learn
00:51:17to live in a world where the Russian threat looms.
00:51:20Gathering on Durand, as usual,
00:51:22Nothing changes, we continue.
00:51:27At the army recruitment center in Rennes,
00:51:32Lucas and his companions are expected for the decisive challenge.
00:51:35Sport.
00:51:38Hello everyone.
00:51:39The importance of sport within the armed forces,
00:51:40It's simple, for us it's already a means of selection.
00:51:43And a powerful means of selection.
00:51:453, 2, 1...
00:51:49Gently, gently.
00:51:53The 9th is over.
00:52:001, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10.
00:52:13Lucas is not satisfied with his performance.
00:52:16Alright, good luck everyone, all the best.
00:52:18Don't waste any time, ladies and gentlemen, you have 20 minutes.
00:52:20He is dreading the end-of-internship interview.
00:52:23That's where the results will come in.
00:52:26We'll see if it works or not.
00:52:28I hope it works out, so we'll see.
00:52:31Sir.
00:52:33Come, follow me.
00:52:35Lucas will finally find out if he can become a dog handler in the army.
00:52:42Please take a seat.
00:52:44After a 30-minute interview,
00:52:47The young man is relieved.
00:52:50Even if, particularly physically,
00:52:52There were some objectives that were not met.
00:52:54that the ultimate goal was, after all
00:52:57to be able to continue my project.
00:53:00It's a success.
00:53:00So, I have the skills to be a dog handler
00:53:03And I will do everything I can to make it happen.
00:53:08Lucas is going to realize his dream.
00:53:10He is now part
00:53:11of the 16,000 young people recruited this year
00:53:14by the army.
00:53:18The French defense budget
00:53:20should reach 57 billion euros
00:53:22in 2026.
00:53:24A considerable increase
00:53:25of more than 10% in one year.
00:53:28But in a world
00:53:29where international tensions are increasing,
00:53:31is that enough
00:53:32To guarantee our safety?
00:53:35Jean-Dominique Merché,
00:53:36Thank you for being with us.
00:53:37Thank you.
00:53:38You are a journalist,
00:53:39contributor to L'Express,
00:53:40You are an expert in defense matters.
00:53:42You published recently
00:53:44"Are we ready for war?"
00:53:45And it's based on the illusion of French power.
00:53:47An easy and exciting book to read.
00:53:49And the first question is
00:53:50Should we prepare for war?
00:53:52Like in Ukraine?
00:53:53No, because of the war in Ukraine,
00:53:55This is today's war.
00:53:56And if this is today's war,
00:53:58This is not tomorrow's war.
00:53:59The way war is waged,
00:54:00Russians and Ukrainians,
00:54:01are waging war in Ukraine
00:54:03after 4 years,
00:54:04is no longer the same at all
00:54:06than the one at the start.
00:54:07But still,
00:54:08You say there's a return
00:54:09based on the experience of this war,
00:54:11of this conflict,
00:54:12It's because mass matters.
00:54:14Yes, well, that...
00:54:15So the mass,
00:54:16That's one of the drawbacks
00:54:17of the French army.
00:54:18The mass, indeed...
00:54:20Lack of mass.
00:54:20That is to say, the staff numbers,
00:54:22the number of rounds,
00:54:23the number of cannons,
00:54:24the number of drones,
00:54:25the number of tanks.
00:54:26Because the French army,
00:54:27That's 210,000 men.
00:54:28So.
00:54:28For 30 years,
00:54:29We had an expeditionary army.
00:54:31That is to say, we had an army
00:54:32who was operating in Africa,
00:54:35in Afghanistan,
00:54:36in Lebanon or elsewhere.
00:54:38And so, we didn't need
00:54:39of a large army.
00:54:40I use in the book
00:54:41the image of a bonsai tree,
00:54:42that is to say, a tree.
00:54:44The French army,
00:54:45it's a bit like the American army
00:54:46bonsai version.
00:54:47So she was very effective
00:54:48for a number of things.
00:54:50But the war in Ukraine,
00:54:52as well as the clashes
00:54:53between Iran and Israel,
00:54:56shows that the number,
00:54:58The mass of men in the system matters.
00:55:01And that, clearly,
00:55:02We don't have it.
00:55:03The government has one objective.
00:55:06Increase the number of reservists
00:55:08from 40,000 to 105,000
00:55:10by 2035.
00:55:11To do this,
00:55:13the state is counting on its new
00:55:14voluntary military service
00:55:16announced last November.
00:55:18The link between the army and the nation,
00:55:19That's one of the reasons
00:55:20for which we are reviving
00:55:21voluntary military service.
00:55:22Yes.
00:55:23So, at the same time,
00:55:24I find that what comes
00:55:25to be announced
00:55:26It's a bit of a gimmick.
00:55:283,000 to start,
00:55:30Maybe one day 50,000.
00:55:32But above all,
00:55:33the idea that these conscripts,
00:55:36I don't know what to call them.
00:55:37these volunteer soldiers
00:55:40cannot be hired
00:55:42abroad.
00:55:42Which seems to me to be a misinterpretation
00:55:44because today,
00:55:45the defense of France,
00:55:46she doesn't
00:55:47on the blue line of the Vosges.
00:55:49It is obviously done
00:55:51on the line,
00:55:53NATO's eastern flank.
00:55:54We wanted to reassure the French
00:55:55by saying,
00:55:56Okay, your children can come.
00:55:57They will not be sent to war.
00:55:59What's the point of having an army?
00:56:00What if we don't send them to war?
00:56:01But we were talking about it.
00:56:03so 210,000 soldiers
00:56:05in the French army.
00:56:06In fact, how many are there?
00:56:07who are capable
00:56:08to hold a front?
00:56:09Whether at the borders
00:56:10of France
00:56:11or at the borders of Finland
00:56:12tomorrow
00:56:12or the Baltic countries?
00:56:14So, according to the figures
00:56:15from the army itself,
00:56:17a brigade covers 20 km.
00:56:21We could put today
00:56:224 brigades in the field.
00:56:24That is to say, 80 km of frontage.
00:56:25So, that's 80 km from a hard front,
00:56:26knowing that the Ukrainian front
00:56:28In fact, more than 1,000.
00:56:29So, why the military
00:56:30have they failed
00:56:31to convince politicians
00:56:33to strengthen these means of defense
00:56:34over the years?
00:56:35But they convinced them.
00:56:36to do it, in fact,
00:56:37since the army budget
00:56:39will have doubled
00:56:40between 2017 and 2027.
00:56:42Today, it's 60 billion.
00:56:43It's not bad.
00:56:44Yes, it's roughly 60 billion.
00:56:45And the budget of the American military,
00:56:47That's 950 billion.
00:56:48That's 1 trillion
00:56:49and Trump has just announced
00:56:51that he wanted 1.5 trillion,
00:56:54an increase.
00:56:55The problem is that we want,
00:56:57With this money, I can do anything.
00:56:59And when I say do everything,
00:57:00it's about keeping all the capabilities
00:57:02to no longer have any news.
00:57:04But that's not a military choice.
00:57:06It's a political choice.
00:57:07This is a war.
00:57:09We see this with the war in Ukraine.
00:57:10which happens a lot through the sky.
00:57:12And what about drones?
00:57:13Drones, well, there you have it.
00:57:14This is the great, great, great discovery
00:57:17of the war in Ukraine.
00:57:19And Ukraine manufactures them every year.
00:57:20hundreds of thousands.
00:57:21And Russia too, millions.
00:57:23Millions.
00:57:23Millions, now.
00:57:25And we, in France,
00:57:25we haven't launched a program
00:57:26drone manufacturing.
00:57:28But luckily we don't have any.
00:57:29in a way,
00:57:30because every 6 months,
00:57:31They mutate.
00:57:32So if we had 1 million drones
00:57:34in our stock,
00:57:35That means we would have launched
00:57:36the program 2-3 years ago.
00:57:37We would have manufactured 1 million drones.
00:57:39But today,
00:57:40It would already be technologically obsolete.
00:57:42So the whole question,
00:57:43It's about having one day,
00:57:45if we need it,
00:57:46the ability to produce quickly,
00:57:48in considerable numbers
00:57:50which will be necessary that day.
00:57:53And that's not a military problem.
00:57:55It's an industrial problem.
00:57:56Because we always talk
00:57:57European defense
00:57:58of the European defense industry.
00:57:59But it doesn't actually exist.
00:58:00No.
00:58:01What exists
00:58:01It's a national industry.
00:58:03It's a national industry.
00:58:04Will we be able to develop it?
00:58:06whereas ultimately,
00:58:08Have we distanced ourselves somewhat from NATO?
00:58:10And we didn't really play.
00:58:11the NATO map from the start.
00:58:13So, the NATO map,
00:58:14I am being withdrawn from the industry.
00:58:15It's complicated.
00:58:16Because within NATO,
00:58:17There are the United States.
00:58:18And the American industry,
00:58:20She's a competitor.
00:58:21Particularly for the aeronautics industry.
00:58:23Particularly for fighter jets.
00:58:24So, the idea is
00:58:26Is this a transatlantic market?
00:58:29which includes Europe and the United States
00:58:32or are we going to
00:58:33towards a European market
00:58:35to work between Europeans
00:58:37by trying to maintain the industries?
00:58:40We're far from that.
00:58:40If we're talking about Denmark, for example,
00:58:43Trump threatens to invade Greenland
00:58:46which did not prevent the Danes,
00:58:49in December,
00:58:49I think I ordered 15.
00:58:51American F-35s.
00:58:53Nearly 80,000 American soldiers
00:58:55are stationed in Europe
00:58:57within the framework of NATO.
00:58:58But this transatlantic alliance
00:59:00is it still reliable
00:59:01following Donald Trump's statements
00:59:03about Greenland?
00:59:05The Americans are threatening
00:59:07to wage war on Europe
00:59:07because, according to Trump, they want to
00:59:10invade Greenland.
00:59:11Is the American military in Paris
00:59:13Would she be ready to take the plunge?
00:59:15They consider the Western Hemisphere,
00:59:17as they say,
00:59:18This is for the United States
00:59:20and that from Greenland to Tierra del Fuego,
00:59:22and that Europeans must unspoil.
00:59:25But the way they do it,
00:59:28Yes, there is very strong pressure.
00:59:30We're not ruling anything out.
00:59:31I think that in the end,
00:59:32That will be negotiable.
00:59:34either way
00:59:36between the Danes
00:59:37who will give
00:59:38good, no, bad in independence,
00:59:41in Greenland
00:59:41and a Greenland
00:59:42and a Greenland which, in fact,
00:59:44will live in the orbit of the United States.
00:59:46Thank you so much,
00:59:47Dominique Mercher,
00:59:47for having been with us.
00:59:48That's it, that's the end of this program.
00:59:50Thank you for being with us.
00:59:51See you next week
00:59:52for a new document
00:59:53exclusive investigation.
00:59:56Next week,
00:59:58Exclusive investigation offers you
00:59:59a journey to the ends of the earth,
01:00:00in the far north of Mongolia,
01:00:02to meet one
01:00:04of the last tribes on the planet,
01:00:07the Tsatans.
01:00:08We who were born
01:00:09and grew up in the Taiga,
01:00:13we are the masters
01:00:14of these mountains
01:00:15and of this magnificent nature.
01:00:17Free men
01:00:18who respect better than anyone
01:00:20the wild lands.
01:00:21For one year,
01:00:22our teams were able to live
01:00:24with these reindeer herders.
01:00:25Completely isolated from the world,
01:00:27They live outside of time.
01:00:28under tents
01:00:29to spartan comfort,
01:00:30despite temperatures
01:00:31being able to descend
01:00:32at minus 45 degrees.
01:00:34Their wealth,
01:00:35their faith in nature,
01:00:36their traditions,
01:00:38The recipe united by your love.
01:00:42and their herds.
01:00:44Drinking reindeer milk tea
01:00:46is also nourishing
01:00:47than a small meal.
01:00:48Watching them makes me happy.
01:00:49How could one not be happy?
01:00:51With all those queens?
01:00:52But recently,
01:00:53these last nomads
01:00:54were caught
01:00:55by the modern world.
01:00:57For little Satans,
01:00:58School is now compulsory.
01:01:00The kit,
01:01:02the ancient Mongolian alphabet.
01:01:04They then discover
01:01:05another world,
01:01:06particularly in Ulaanbaatar
01:01:08the Mongolian capital,
01:01:09without forgetting
01:01:10where they come from.
01:01:11I think that studying
01:01:13does not make us forget
01:01:15our region
01:01:15or our native language.
01:01:18I said what the head was about.
01:01:19Satan of Mongolia,
01:01:20the last free men,
01:01:22It's next Sunday at 11pm.
01:01:24in Enquête Exclusive.
01:01:26This program was prepared
01:01:28with Emo Touré,
01:01:29Plateau production,
01:01:31Mathieu Crécio,
01:01:32editorial staff
01:01:33Exclusive Investigation,
01:01:34Christophe Brulé,
01:01:34Maude Brunel,
01:01:35production Anne Connaisil.
01:01:37Have a good evening on M6.
01:01:38Subtitling by Radio-Canada
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