- 4 hours ago
Nicknamed the “Pearl of Southeast Asia,” the capital Phnom Penh was redesigned during the colonial era with a focus on showcasing Khmer architectural treasures. Illiterate, the Khmer people expressed themselves through architecture, sculpture, and drawing. The martial art of Bokator, fast and incisive, is therefore inscribed on the rocks of the temples.
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Short filmTranscript
00:00Thank you for listening.
01:31The Royal Palace of Phnom Penh is a group of buildings constructed in 1860 and which is the residence of the King of Cambodia.
01:38The present king is Norodom Siamuni, who has reigned since 2004, but who has no power and very few special privileges.
01:4796% of the population are Buddhists and around 2% are of the Muslim faith.
01:58The rest are of different religions.
02:02The city developed greatly under French leadership, leaving many European and colonial-style buildings, especially along the boulevards.
02:14Today, Phnom Penh is the most populated city in Cambodia.
02:23It has recently been subject to very haphazard development, with no town planning whatsoever.
02:28Cambodia practices an ancestral martial art of Khmel.
02:58There is a Khmer origin, dating from the 3rd century.
03:00It is called Bokhator.
03:01The Khmer people were illiterate, so their way of life was transcribed in the form of drawing, architecture and sculpture.
03:09Khmer martial arts can therefore be engraved in the stone of many temples, monuments and training halls.
03:16In Khmer, Bokhator means strike or pound the lion.
03:22We know little of its origins.
03:24This 3rd century martial art was not codified until the 9th century under the reign of Jayavarman VII, the greatest king of Angkor.
03:32My name is San Kim Sien, Grand Master San Kim Sien Goldkrama of the Bokhator.
03:45And I am Cambodia, and I am the revival of the Bokhator during the Bokhator was died more than 2,000 years ago.
04:00And now it's alive in Cambodia.
04:04So that means I am the founder of the Bokhator Federation and the founder of the Cambodia Bokhator Academy.
04:12I got married now.
04:13Hey!
04:17Hey!
04:18Hey!
04:19Hey!
04:20Hey!
04:25Hey!
04:32Hey!
04:33Herсть!
04:38Hey!
04:39Uh!
04:40What is different from Bogota with the sport in Cambodia?
05:10We have separate, we call it martial arts, martial arts is in the Bogota, and you see like they fight in television or something in a state or something, that is the sport, fighting sport, and the fighting sport comes from the Bogota, but they choose only a few techniques to fight, so not really act.
05:40So that Bogota is become from fighting technique animal and the art, art I mean like from dancing, like apsara, like the dance from our culture or something, something like that.
06:10They do with the dance, before fight they dance, and they pray, after that they dance, and the time fighting.
06:19Under the regime of Pol Pot, various masters of the martial arts and adepts in general were systematically exterminated by the Khmer Rouge.
06:39A number of masters took refuge abroad, others simply stopped teaching.
06:45This was the case of Grand Master Sankim Shan, who also fled abroad, before returning to teach Bogota in Cambodia and opening several schools.
06:58Today he is considered the father of modern Bogota.
07:00Bogota is now going strong and waiting to be granted living heritage status by UNESCO.
07:10Nowadays this martial art is practiced not only in Cambodia, but also in the United States and in Europe, particularly in France because of the former ties between the two countries.
07:30Bogota teaches combat techniques, but also techniques of self-defense when faced with one or several opponents.
07:54Learning Bogota includes mastering arm lock techniques.
07:59The advantage of these techniques is that they allow the fighter to control someone while reducing the risk of being hurt.
08:06By and large the technique consists of making use of the pain caused by a lock to subjugate one's opponent and throw him on the ground or immobilize him.
08:24The Grand Master teaches his students different arm lock techniques to choose from according to the situation.
08:54That arises you have to position yourself correctly so as to seize the arm with which the opponent intends to strike without risk of being struck.
09:08Manipulation of the joint causes progressive pain and according to the strength applied the arm lock is more or less violent.
09:15Arm locks can therefore be used to subjugate one's opponent, but the pain caused by the lock is also used to force one's adversary to throw himself on the ground.
09:31Managing to seize an arm so as to avoid being hit and thus controlling the attack can also allow a counter-attack.
09:37This technique is as effective as an arm lock because it means the opponent is neutralized for some time.
09:48Bogota is therefore taught with two different approaches.
09:51The sports approach where you learn combat techniques and the martial approach where you learn the culture and spirit of Bogota as well as self-defense techniques.
10:00Wednesdays
10:28Since the times of French Indochina, Phnom Penh has been the hub of the Cambodian road
10:39network.
10:40The capital is thus situated at the crossroads of all national roads serving the kingdom's
10:45provinces, as well as its neighboring states of Thailand, Laos and Vietnam.
10:52Phnom Penh is a flourishing city, and since the 1990s has experienced considerable growth.
10:58The End
11:28Dawn is breaking on the Temple of Angkor.
11:30It is in fact not one temple but several.
11:34They were built at the beginning of the 12th century as a state temple.
11:39Indian culture and philosophy have greatly influenced the culture of Angkor.
11:44All Angkor's large monuments are inscribed in Sanskrit and consecrated to Hindu gods,
11:49notably Vishnu and Shiva.
11:52Even today, adepts of Bokator begin each training session by paying homage to Brahma.
11:59Religious life in Angkor was dominated by Indian Brahmins who also practiced combat techniques,
12:04both barehanded and with swords.
12:07Bokator was probably founded simultaneously on techniques that emerged during the reigns
12:12of the kings of Angkor and on the influence of Indian martial arts.
12:16Moreover, the bas-reliefs of the monuments depict various Bokator techniques.
12:46Angkor's temple is also known as Angkor Wat.
12:58One of the best preserved temples in the Angkor temple complex is the Angkor Wat temple, the
13:03archetype of classical Khmer architecture.
13:07It has become the symbol of Cambodia since it appears on the national flag.
13:11Angkor Wat is also the country's main tourist attraction.
13:15Angkor Wat combines two Khmer architectural bases for temples.
13:19The mountain temple side and the gallery temple side.
13:23It was designed to represent Mount Meru, the house of the gods in Hindu mythology.
13:29Moreover, Angkor Wat temple faces west, probably because it faces Vishnu.
13:37The temple's beauty and size are such that many consider it the eighth wonder of the world.
13:42It's classified among the UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
13:46The influence of the Brahmins declined with the spread of Buddhism almost a thousand years ago.
14:07The temple was not popularized until the mid-19th century, thanks to a French explorer, Henri Mour.
14:24Today, the temple is visited daily by Buddhist monks.
14:28Berlin, the temples, and the temples, the Vietnam temple.
14:33Margaret, the temple is in Chinese.
14:34The temple is in Mexico, the in German, the Swiss restaurant, the tourists, the tourists, the visitors.
14:37The fotografies of the temple is in the East
14:40and the loungズ, the cities and the merchants.
14:42So, said it was all over the house!
14:47In the Old Testament, the temple was notènac 24,000.
14:52The final temple is 14,000.
14:55There are many engravings and statues representing gods, men and animals.
15:04But diverse as these decorations may be, they form a very harmonious whole.
15:10Numerous 19th century western explorers thought that given the indescribable beauty of these temples,
15:15they would never have been built by the Khmer and that they were surely the work of a more advanced people.
15:25However, historians today confirm that it was indeed the Khmer who constructed the temples.
15:31Moreover, for some time it was believed that they had been built by the gods.
15:39Today the restoration of the Angkor temples is demanding a great effort,
15:43on the one hand because of the amount of earth and vegetation that have amassed,
15:47on the other hand because some of the temples are collapsing.
15:52Today the ranking of the Angkor sites as part of the UNESCO World Heritage has allowed these temples,
15:58which had been in danger, to be saved.
16:01Thanks to tourism, these temples are little by little coming back to life and will be able to be restored.
16:07The temple is surrounded by three temples and the temples.
16:10The temple is surrounded by three exterior galleries that prevent encroachment by the
16:39jungle and, above all, protect the site from invaders.
16:44On the outside of the exterior rampart, a 200-meter-wide moat surrounds the site.
16:51Today the world and Cambodians are beginning to rediscover these treasures.
16:56However, the number of visitors is limited in order to minimize the impact of tourism
17:01and safeguard these ancient sites.
17:09The thing I am...
17:15I am with the other people who know what this is,
17:18is one of the most famous actual stereotypes for the culture of the world.
17:23If you see a change in the world, then the people who tutors or vaguely the others.
17:28The one is an example of the impact on the world,
17:32the one is a big one and the two.
19:04The banana is cut in two, flattened in a sheet of plastic, then soaked quickly in coconut milk, mixed with eggs and sesame seeds.
19:12It is then fried.
19:42Cambodia has an agrarian economy that is its main sector of activity.
19:49Agriculture in Cambodia is principally based on rice, corn and tobacco growing.
19:54As for other sectors of activity, these include fishing, mineral resources and forestry.
20:01Music
20:13Cambodia possesses large quantities of
20:43natural resources, wood, rubber but especially precious stones and different mineral ores
20:48including gold. Thus in Phnom Penh there are many jewelers who work gold in the old-fashioned
20:54way and sometimes with very simple equipment.
21:13The
21:16the
21:20the
21:24the
21:28the
21:32the
21:35So
22:04types of boxing in Southeast Asia, such as Thai boxing or Khun Khmer boxing, are inspired
22:10from Bokkator, so it's normal that we find some similarities. For example, in this way
22:15of protecting oneself by wrapping rope around the hands and wrists.
22:34Yeah, what is the difference from another martial art from the Bokkator? See, like I told
22:45you, Bokkator means fighting with the lion and with the arc, so that we have many, many,
22:51many techniques, thousands, thousands, I cannot count, but I just say for myself around 10,000
22:59techniques, and we have proof in the Angkor Wat wall, every temple, like Bayouan, like a
23:07temple in Angkor Wat. So that different, a lot of things from another martial art, because
23:18this is mean, like we say, God technique. The Bokkator is the name in our human being, in
23:28our people, but I don't know how many years, it belongs to the God, like Seva, Vishnu, Ramayana,
23:39and you see in Angkor Wat, they fighting each other with Hanuman, with a giant, or with some
23:47bad guy, so that is, they use the weapon, and they use the hand power at that time, so that
23:56comes from the God and to the people, and the people, our Grand Grand Master, that, like,
24:04they have like a relation from the God's brain, God's spirit, something like that, and they
24:14know, and they close with the animal style, everything, that completely, a lot of the same.
24:26arten bulbs are dark, and all the other people, even the early kids coming to
24:40country, and they are people living in Angkor Wat, what the beings this year have
24:45with us is to sweep the bring and whip them up. So, let's pray for the speaker
24:47Unlike other countries in the world, in Southeast Asian countries, women are more frequently
25:08seen taking part in the martial arts, because martial arts are more culturally embedded
25:13than in Western countries.
25:43Originally in Boccator, the principal techniques consisted of covering the arms in rope to
25:53protect them.
25:54This technique meant adversaries armed with spears or swords could be parried or counter-attacked.
26:00So Boccator is known for teaching techniques for striking with fists or elbows.
26:13This technique is very important to be used in a way to be used in martial arts.
26:26But in the world, in the world, in the world, in the world, in the world, in the world,
26:34Bokator is becoming
27:04better and better known. Of course, not as well known as Khmer boxing or Muay Thai, since it's a martial arts form that had been completely given up. So everything had to be begun again, from the start. In other words, Bokator had to be made popular and people encouraged to practice it. More and more Europeans are coming to Cambodia to take it up, particularly the French. In fact, the person with the highest rank in Bokator, after the Grand Master San Kim Shan, is French.
27:34Bokator is becoming better and more European.
28:04I push myself to survive Bokator in the future because the Bokator has to go around the world the same thing another martial art they did before us.
28:28This is the new one and very old one and just reborn in the earth, in Cambodia land.
28:39In Bokator, you learn hand-to-hand combat with punches and kicks and arm locks, but that's not all. Because you also learn how to handle a weapon and even how to disarm an opponent.
28:58mean in opposing form and down the world the same being before us to go away in the future.
29:05Sometimes in a lotus hand you read it in a Christian's background and then if you have not Mostly Born Contained.
29:09Or maybe they are riding just around the window as the town's office of Scarlet is supposed to go around the window.
30:12Ultimately, the construction is quite recent given the history of Cambodia.
30:17Before that, Cambodia's stronghold was in Angkor.
30:20Henceforth, it was to be in Phnom Penh.
30:23This royal palace, which is composed of different buildings, is very representative of Khmer architecture.
30:28Despite a strong Brahmin influence, the main religion is now Buddhism.
30:34It's therefore normal to find a temple in honor of Buddha.
30:37We'll see you next time.
30:50The present king is Norodom Sihamoniki, and this is the royal throne.
31:20Moreover, the throne room is still used for different religious or royal ceremonies.
31:26And as in all kingdoms, gold is everywhere.
31:50Most of the royal palace buildings, particularly in this period, were built in the traditional
32:00Khmer style, but integrating important European characteristics.
32:12Cambodia has a heavy past, notably due to the crimes committed between the years 1975
32:17in 1979. During the four years of the Pol Pot regime, the Khmer Rouge pursued a policy
32:23of extreme violence. The dictatorship resulted in more than a million deaths.
32:34These different crimes perpetrated are sometimes called the Cambodian genocide. This designation
32:40was retained particularly during the trial of Pol Pot after his fall in 1979.
32:47During the Cambodian Civil War, the Khmer Rouge took over territory controlled by the Republican
32:51Army and built re-education centers where, firstly, soldiers of the Republican Army were put away,
32:57then their families, as well as Buddhist monks. There was massive deportation from towns to
33:03the country and the population's living conditions were close to slavery. Shortage of food was
33:09the cause of many deaths.
33:16Today, bones or personal belongings of Cambodian genocide victims can still be found. Usually, the parents were
33:36executed by their victims. The people who were killed, were killed by their victims. They were killed by their
33:41families, including the victims and their victims. They were killed by their victims. They were killed by their
33:46The parents were executed by a bullet in the head,
33:49and the children had their heads smashed against a tree.
33:52There were more than a million victims of the Cambodian genocide.
33:55That's nearly 20% of the population.
34:09Officially, Cambodia had no prisons under the Khmer Rouge regime,
34:13only re-education centres.
34:15These prisons were often installed in former temples or schools.
34:20The most well-known prison was Tuol Slung, known by its code name S21.
34:26The building housing the prison was a former secondary school
34:29that was put under the responsibility of Kongkek Lu, alias Dok.
34:35The use of torture was standard and generalised in all Khmer prisons.
34:41Often the prisoner was attached to an iron bedstead and tortured.
34:44This prison was the harshest among some 190 prisons of the dictatorship.
34:54During the dictatorship there were nearly 14,000 people detained,
34:581,200 of whom were children, in prison S21.
35:01The Khmer Rouge imprisoned all proven or suspected opponents of the Khmer regime.
35:06They could be young or old people, workers, intellectuals,
35:11Cambodian diplomats or foreign diplomats.
35:14Among those imprisoned were women, children and sometimes entire families.
35:18The guards were between 10 and 15 years old and under the indoctrination of their elders they rapidly became crueler than the adults.
35:29Sometimes there were nearly 100 executions a day and Dok assigned specific days to kill certain types of prisoners.
35:36The former school transformed into a prison for death has been a museum since January 1980.
35:44The Khmer Genocide Museum is a strong reminder of the barbarity the Cambodians suffered during the dictatorship.
35:50Of all the prisoners, not one ever managed to escape and when the camp was liberated there were only seven survivors.
36:02Cambodians are trying to reconnect with their culture and their religions.
36:07Cambodians are trying to reconnect with their culture and their religion, notably by celebrating
36:33marriages in their traditional costumes in Buddhist temples.
36:38The collapse of the Pol Pot regime gave way to religious freedom.
36:42The majority of Cambodians are Buddhists and in spite of this hegemony, there doesn't
36:46seem to be any religious persecution in Cambodia.
37:02There are four main feast days, Cholchnam, Shchumben, Katina and Omtuk.
37:09On feast days, Cambodians wear their traditional costumes.
37:13The colour of the day is worn.
37:14For example, if the feast day falls on a Monday, orange is worn.
37:18On Tuesday, violet is worn and so on.
37:21Each day has a corresponding colour.
37:40Since the 15th century, Buddhism has been the state religion, despite a short interruption
37:44during the Khmer Rouge regime.
37:47In Cambodia, Theravada Buddhism is the most widespread.
37:54The pagoda is the place of worship for Buddhists.
37:57The construction and maintenance of a pagoda often relies on a village community, where everyone
38:02contributes according to his means.
38:06The management of pagodas is shared between the monk responsible for the monastery, who
38:10is called the Mevat, and the layman.
38:13These days, the Mevat is not nominated by the villagers, but by religious authorities.
38:21He is responsible for the good conduct of the monks.
38:25He enforces sanctions in the case of breach of discipline or morals.
38:29On the other hand, he cannot give away, sell or exchange the goods of the pagoda.
38:37As in all countries where there is a majority religion, this religion has an impact on the
38:42country's culture, and it has a social component that is very important.
38:48Before the restoration of the French protectorate, the pagoda was the only center of learning
39:10in the kingdom.
39:11And it was the custom for boys to make a short or long sojourn there, to learn to read and
39:16write, learn sacred texts and moral values.
39:22Even though today there are schools, the pagoda continues to receive boys who want to become
39:27initiated into monastic life.
39:54For a number of years, a certain number of Cambodian temples have been listed as a part of the
39:58UNESCO World Heritage.
40:00But there are many other temples threatened with ruin and that are not yet protected.
40:11Many temples that are hundreds or even thousands of years old have been abandoned.
40:16They have only been rediscovered since the beginning of the 20th century.
40:21The Thaprom Temple, that today is sometimes called the Nature Temple, is one of the temples
40:25that is most taken over by the jungle, to the point of almost being part of it.
40:31At its construction, it was a Buddhist temple.
40:34But the succeeding king, being Hindu, destroyed the statues of Buddha.
40:40Many temples are today covered with the roots of majestic trees, to such a degree that one
40:55sometimes has the impression that the temples grew underneath the trees and pushed up the
40:59tree's roots.
41:00However, there is no question of pulling up the trees, which now form an integral part of
41:05the architecture.
41:07the Corporate이 지구와 지구와 지구가 안 닿게가 poisoned since the
41:14지구가 안 닿게 시간이었습니다.
41:16그리고cio Johanna의 구십은 그것을 원하는 데는 이곳으로
41:20이곳을 원하는 겁니다...
41:22...지구와 지구와 지구에 있는 이곳을 원하는 데에는 더욱이 있다며
41:23...조합 여름의 메시지구가 open으로 변화하였습니다.
41:26그가 있었다.
41:27그가 지불에서 현재 Kathy가 지붕했다는 것을 원하는 이입에 대한 지구가
41:29...지구가 강해집리다.
41:30Back in Phnom Penh, dawn is breaking with a new day of training for the young Bokator
41:49adepts.
41:57The inspiration of many other disciplines, Bokator is a very old form of martial arts
42:02that includes a great number of techniques, many now integrated into Muay Thai or by MMA.
42:09In boxing classifications, Bokator is a foot-fist form of boxing.
42:15The longest parts of the body are the legs and so using the legs to attack or defend
42:20oneself in martial arts becomes very interesting.
42:23The attack range is longer with the legs, which means enlarging the defence and attack
42:28zone.
42:29That is why many training sessions are devoted to bodybuilding and suppleness of the lower
42:33half of the body.
42:36You have to have strong legs and be able to combine foot and fist attacks.
42:43much longer in the movement, so action is important.
42:50Let's go.
42:53You have to play under the system.
43:00A lot of sci-fi times.
43:02ати cross
43:04uk
43:05All right, all right, all right, okay.
43:36Little detailed information exists about 3rd century Bocator technique,
43:41particularly since the first attempts to structure the discipline date from the 9th century.
43:46The Grand Master is trying to perpetrate the transmission of part of the knowledge that has been rediscovered.
43:53Today, he is trying to give Bocator the place it once occupied within the martial arts,
43:58thanks to the many schools he has opened.
44:05Here goes Bocator.
44:09, Bocator.
44:12Bocator, Bocator.
44:14Bocator.
44:17Bocator.
44:18Bocator.
44:19Bocator.
44:20.
44:22over the last few years young people have begun to come to book a tour training
44:39there are very few enthusiasts if you compare it for example to wait I but
44:44book a tour has become a real religion for Grand Master Samkin Shen who masters
44:49almost 8,000 techniques in the discipline
45:07theoretically the fighters wear the symbols of the former Khmer army uniform
45:11they wear a traditional scarf around the waist and a little blue and red rope
45:16around the head and the biceps the scarf around the waist indicates the fighters
45:20levels
45:34book a tour also has a psychological aspect that's why the boxers do breathing
45:39exercises in the old days many boxers would recite Indian mantras to assure them
45:45victory in the fight
45:52as opposed to other types of boxing in lion boxing you learn to manipulate a
46:10number of weapons such as the stick this is a very complete discipline in itself
46:15since you learn techniques of self-defense and how to handle a weapon but also how
46:20how to use your fists and feet effectively in unarmed combat
46:27you learn to do all the documents techniques movement
46:32send third degree and fourth degree between that you are instructor
46:37do something and I'm so so happy if around the world or martial arts grandmaster any grandmaster like karate kung fu
46:49taekwondo, taekwondo, judo, aikido, everything etc. we are family
46:56we are not the enemy each other because martial arts respect and discipline each other
47:02if we want to open fight in the ring or open something in World Bogota competition or festival and we do enjoy together for happy life happy time and happy family
47:16happy family
47:23that is the way to build up the Bogota to the world and the country
47:26make everybody do the same thing and the country
47:29make everybody do the same thing
47:31where we have the competition, festival, everything in the Bogota thing
47:36because we don't have enough instructor right now
47:40as in other martial arts there are different levels
47:45there are belts of different colors called krama that look like scarves
47:50they indicate the boxers different levels
47:52passing into a higher level depends on mastery of a certain number of techniques
47:57for example to attain the black belt you have to master a minimum of a thousand bare-handed fighting techniques
48:04every move up to a new level is marked by the award of a diploma and a belt
48:09welcome
48:11all the martial arts
48:13all the sport
48:15all the people, regular people
48:17even young generation
48:19even old people
48:21even ladies, women
48:23and welcome
48:25I am in Simria Provence
48:27and in Cambodia
48:29but Simria Provence means
48:31the land of the God
48:33and here is
48:35the land of the tourism
48:37and in Simria Provence
48:39and in Simria Provence
48:40so come to visit
48:41in Simria Provence
48:42you will see
48:43the Bogota technique in the world
48:46and visit me
48:48in my
48:51Cambodia Bogota Academy
48:53in Simria Provence
48:54in here
48:55that I bring
48:57all this
48:58the sculpture
49:00of the our
49:02great grand master
49:04and the spirit
49:05of the
49:06our king
49:07something
49:08and to be alive
49:09from the stone
49:11and to be alive
49:12in here
49:13and you will see
49:14we
49:15will do the good show
49:16and demonstration
49:17and explain
49:19what is the Bogota
49:20and enjoy with us
49:23the
49:27the
49:30Cambodian cuisine
49:32is very influenced
49:33by Vietnamese
49:34Chinese
49:35and French cuisine
49:36for that matter
49:37Thiemryp
49:38is a very lively city
49:39both day
49:40and night
49:41after their day's work
49:42many Cambodians
49:43go out for a drink
49:44or for dinner
49:45for a drink
49:46or for dinner
50:15one of the
50:22Cambodian specialities
50:23is
50:24Tukolok
50:25a fruity refreshing drink
50:26it's an iced drink
50:27with mixed fruits
50:28crushed ice
50:29eggs
50:30milk
50:31and sugar
50:32and
50:49in spite of the strong influence of religion in Cambodia
50:52the people like to go out to drink eat and party
50:55in Cambodia
50:59and most particularly in Phnom Penh
51:01there is a mixture of modernism and traditionalism
51:04it's the very picture of a country in full growth
51:25theἴἶᴨᴛ
51:27of the
51:30We'll see you next time.
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