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NOVA-S52E11-Ultimate Crash Test Impact
NOVA-S52E11-Teste de Impacto de Colisão Definitivo
Especialistas em segurança de carros acabaram de fazer uma primeira pilha de vários veículos controlada remotamente.
Agora, os investigadores são colocados à prova à medida que analisam os dados e procuram insights sobre o comportamento do motorista e o design do veículo.
NOVA PBS – 2025
NOVA-S52E11-Teste de Impacto de Colisão Definitivo
Especialistas em segurança de carros acabaram de fazer uma primeira pilha de vários veículos controlada remotamente.
Agora, os investigadores são colocados à prova à medida que analisam os dados e procuram insights sobre o comportamento do motorista e o design do veículo.
NOVA PBS – 2025
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AprendizadoTranscrição
00:00Transcrição e Legendas por QTSS
00:30A team of automotive experts has just staged an extraordinary experiment.
00:46Look at your Porsche.
00:48Was that meant to happen?
00:50A multi-vehicle highway pileup using remote-controlled cars driven by volunteers who are unaware of the experiment's full objectives.
01:00What is going on?
01:04Had this been a real highway crash, what would have happened to the drivers and the passengers?
01:10That's going to be a severe head trauma.
01:13Which cars made it through?
01:14So assuming everybody's belted, I think this person's probably walking away.
01:18And which didn't?
01:21Oh, just thinking if I had the grandkids in the back.
01:23And can crash forensic experts who did not witness the pileup...
01:28The mantra in forensics is, every contact leaves a trace.
01:33Decipher the aftermath of the wreckage to discover the truth of what happened.
01:39Oh my goodness, man.
01:41Ultimate crash test.
01:46Impact.
01:47Right now, on Nova.
01:50Oh! Oh! Oh my God!
01:52Oh! Oh! Oh! Oh! Oh! Oh! Oh! Oh!cher studied to find that all!
01:53O que é isso?
02:23O que é isso?
02:53O que é isso?
03:23At a pre-designated moment, a remote-controlled truck crossed into their lane.
03:30What the hell is that?
03:32A crash made even more unavoidable by a layer of gravel designed to mimic icy roads and poor visibility weather conditions.
03:40Whoa!
03:42I can't see it!
03:44What can be learned from this chaos?
03:47Oh, oh!
03:49Oh, jeez!
03:53Oh, my goodness!
04:02I've just crashed!
04:22Oh, my God!
04:34Drivers, there has been an accident on track.
04:37No cause for alarm.
04:38Everybody is safe.
04:39We will now investigate.
04:41What?
04:42Was that for real or was that AI?
04:44Has Caitlin's car gone underneath the truck?
04:46Deep breaths, Caitlin.
04:49Deep breaths.
04:55The team has completed the first stage of the experiment.
05:00A multi-car pileup with no injuries.
05:03Every detail painstakingly recorded from start to finish.
05:06JLB team, please kill cars.
05:12Team leader James Brighton is now ready to begin the next phase of the experiment.
05:17Analyzing the incredible footage, vast quantities of data, crash scene, and witness accounts.
05:25Before the cars are sent back to Cranfield University, the team's base, where they'll be further analyzed by automotive engineering students.
05:32After years of preparation, it's a huge relief to see all the pieces finally come together.
05:47This is so great.
05:48So cool.
05:51Helping to dissect the pileup is crash analysis expert Janet Bahouf.
05:56So the Gulf made it through?
05:58Yeah.
05:59It clicked the back end.
06:00Wow.
06:00Yeah.
06:01For Janet, this wreckage site has extraordinary potential.
06:07Normally, she only gets to see the aftermath of a real-life crash.
06:11But this crash is different.
06:15Each vehicle was equipped with black boxes that captured every detail of the event, including speed, impact force, and brake pressure.
06:22Plus, with more than 90 cameras recording the entire incident, Janet and her team will have a 360-degree view of how the scene unfolded.
06:34I'll tell you what, this is the coolest thing ever.
06:37So neat to see this and to have a video of it the entire way through is fantastic.
06:42Although it's rare for cars to catch fire in crashes, the fire crew makes sure the site is safe.
06:57Back at the pod enclosure, the four volunteer drivers, Tito, Caitlin, Luke, and Lynn, are still processing what just happened.
07:07I saw Luke slow down. I was like, oh, I've got to slow down.
07:11Oh, my God. I'm so confused.
07:14They were selected to represent different ages and driving styles.
07:19None of them knew they were about to be involved in a multi-car pileup.
07:23Before taking part, they all underwent psychological screening to make sure they could cope with the emotional toll of being involved in the crash
07:34and will now be assessed again by a psychologist.
07:39None of these assessments are filmed in order to protect the driver's privacy and well-being.
07:44The other four drivers, Mark, Aisha, Pete, and Chun-Hui, are part of James' team and knew exactly what was coming.
07:58Hi, everybody.
07:59All four of the volunteer drivers are given the all clear, and they all want to learn more about the experiment and see the crash site up close.
08:08So what we have here and what all of these people have put together was done on purpose.
08:14We thank you for being a part of this.
08:17We used you as the drivers who didn't know what was going on.
08:20And my job in all of this is to look at how you fared in your vehicle.
08:26Thank God you weren't actually in it.
08:28We have, in our world, we have crash tests where it's all very sanitized and instrumented,
08:33and we know exactly what's going to happen for the most part before it does.
08:36In the real world, of course, we have no idea.
08:40What we did is we mixed the two worlds.
08:43A lot of naysayers about how this is never going to work.
08:46We did it. We did it. Thank you. You were a huge part of this.
08:50Oh, man.
08:54Not one car escaped the pileup without damage.
08:57Some are almost unscathed.
09:00Others are barely recognizable.
09:02One element of it that we really didn't want is just one enormous pileup.
09:08Where there is no decision to be made by the drivers, there's really very little to learn.
09:14Every driver took a different reaction to the events that were unfolding in front of them.
09:19In the real world, every major pileup is carefully investigated to determine what happened.
09:32This staged crash is no different.
09:39A team of crash investigators will now analyze the incident using standard forensic techniques.
09:47To keep the investigation as realistic as possible, the forensic team has been sequestered.
09:53They did not witness the crash and have no prior information.
09:56Leading the crash forensic team is former U.S. State Trooper Andy Shelton.
10:09So I'm going in blind, and I'll approach this crash as I would any other.
10:14I'll work my way to the center of the chaos and try and travel the paths back outward until I can figure out some idea of what's going on
10:22and hopefully be able to give you a cogent report at the end of it.
10:27Andy spent more than 20 years with the Tennessee Highway Patrol,
10:31including time with their critical incident response team,
10:34where he responded to hundreds of incidents.
10:37But he's never investigated a pilot that's been captured in minute detail by so many cameras.
10:46This unique opportunity is a chance to put traditional crash investigation techniques to the test.
10:53The challenge is you have the disorder or the chaos of the crash scene,
10:58but you have to be able to make order out of it.
11:00The mantra in forensics is every contact leaves a trace.
11:06We're able to use that to figure out how they came into the crash and ultimately what caused it.
11:12For the investigation, Andy is pairing up with Marcus Rowe,
11:16a former U.K. police forensic collision investigator.
11:19He, too, saw nothing of the accident.
11:22I always wanted to be somebody's lackey.
11:24Their first job is to scan and model the entire scene in 3D using LiDAR.
11:32Yeah, no, you've got line of sight there.
11:36LiDAR technology allows investigations to continue long after the wreckage has been removed and roads reopened.
11:45So we're going to be able to take the scene that we have here
11:48and drop it back onto, for instance, Google Earth or something like that.
11:53If this were to be a criminal case, we can show the context of the roadway around it,
11:59things like line of sight issues, hills, trees, anything that may have distracted a driver along the way.
12:06Okay, that's good.
12:08With the entire crash scene scanned, the forensic investigation begins.
12:13So you can see the pulsing from the ABS on the roadway.
12:18And if you look here, Marcus, there's some scuffing here.
12:23And then we've got the flat tire scuff from the left front tire.
12:28As in the real world, the challenge for the crash investigators is to try and figure out how the pileup unfolded.
12:34So this could be undercarriage of the Audi trailers like this.
12:41Janet, who knows exactly how the crash played out, will be able to judge how accurate their conclusions are.
12:47Those marks are to the far side tires.
12:50We're looking for the physical evidence that talks to us, right, that tells us the story that can only be made in one way.
13:00As Andy and Marcus work to pick apart the crash details,
13:04Janet can now show the drivers how their actions in the pods played out on the track
13:08and whether the safety systems in their cars would have done enough to protect them.
13:15First up is Lynn and her Prius.
13:19Lynn was driving at the rear of the pack,
13:21with team driver Pete following closely behind in the white van.
13:25From her position, she's able to spot a problem ahead and quickly brings her Prius to a stop.
13:31Pete, travelling below the speed limit at 62 miles per hour,
13:41plays the role of a distracted driver and crashes into the back of her car.
13:48Oh, God.
13:51And I thought I was safe. I didn't realise that had happened.
13:54Oh, my God.
13:56Oh, crying out loud.
13:58I didn't think I'd feel like this, and it's not real.
14:00Oh, well, it could have been.
14:02Oh.
14:03Yeah.
14:08Despite the Prius being rear-ended,
14:10a built-in safety feature called a crumple zone took the brunt of the damage.
14:15Crumple zones are designed to deform under loading
14:18so that other areas of the vehicle are better protected in a crash.
14:26You're transferring less crash energy to the occupants,
14:29and therefore, you're reducing the injury risk.
14:34Oh, my grandkids have survived.
14:36Oh, I know.
14:37Let's go take a look.
14:40Data from the onboard crash recorders registered an impact of 22.5 G
14:45when the Prius was rear-ended by the van.
14:47Oh, it's gonna be out of bed. Oh, God.
14:52To put that in context,
14:54astronauts experience up to 4G during takeoff.
14:58The goal is always to keep the occupant cabin intact.
15:01And so you want to dissipate those crash energies elsewhere in the vehicle.
15:08This helps to reduce damage to these important areas of the vehicle
15:12that could lead to things like fires or leaks or other failures.
15:15This is what's underneath.
15:16Crumple zones are designed to absorb forces of around 20 G.
15:20The 22.5 G impact has totally crushed the trunk space
15:26and led to a deformation of the rear cabin.
15:29What injuries would I have sustained, do you think?
15:32So it's hard to say,
15:33but I think you might have some bruising,
15:35abdominal bruising from the seatbelt.
15:36Probably some neck pain at the very least.
15:42I'm a little bit more worried about somebody in the back
15:44because they were directly impacted.
15:48The rear of the car has crumpled up to the back seats,
15:52highlighting the intense force the Prius experienced.
15:56However, the deformation inside the rear passenger cabin was minimal,
16:00meaning severe injuries would have been unlikely.
16:03Still, the importance of wearing a seatbelt in the rear seat
16:08couldn't be clearer.
16:10Your babies weren't in there. You're good.
16:12Eh?
16:13They were not in there.
16:14I know, I know.
16:14They were not in there.
16:15I know.
16:17I never thought I'd feel like this.
16:18I thought it was just a game.
16:20Do you know what I mean?
16:21But it's, like, real.
16:22Yeah.
16:23It's not, but it's...
16:24Yeah, God, it's really got me.
16:26It's like, flaming door.
16:28Yeah.
16:28The Prius is a hybrid car.
16:34If damaged, the battery could catch fire,
16:37posing an additional risk to occupants and first responders.
16:43But in this case, the battery remained intact.
16:45The car's crumple zones absorbed the impact as designed, protecting the battery.
16:55As a result, there was no risk of a battery fire.
17:00But can Andy and Marcus figure out the scenario that led to the Prius getting hit,
17:04using only the evidence left at the scene?
17:06It's apparent that someone probably overreacted to the crash occurring in front of them,
17:12and then possibly an inattentive driver drove into the back of them.
17:16So that's kind of a clear and defined crash that's separate from everything else that we're looking at.
17:22Tito, an experienced U.S. driver who's based in the U.K., spots the danger early.
17:33Remotely driving a Ford F-150 pickup, Tito reacts quickly,
17:37even though the flying grit has reduced visibility.
17:41Oh, f*** it.
17:42What the hell's that?
17:44Oh, my goodness.
17:47What?
17:47Tito may have benefited from the higher driving position of the truck.
17:54Taller vehicles can have some safety advantages,
17:57including the fact that you just have better visibility.
18:00You're riding higher, you're able to see more.
18:03They often are also larger and heavier,
18:06and this has benefits in a crash because of just basic physics.
18:11When you're coming against smaller vehicles,
18:13your vehicle is going to have a safety advantage.
18:17For the crash forensic team, this analysis is straightforward.
18:23That side of this section of road is higher than this side.
18:27So these are locked tire marks,
18:28and they're tracking directly in a straight line,
18:30so the car did not yaw.
18:31So the F-150 is coming in a straight line,
18:33and it's just followed this curved path,
18:35and it's just kind of come to a rest gently there.
18:41But is this how Tito remembers the crash?
18:43Wow, oh, my gosh, look at that.
18:47Look at your car.
18:49It's all right.
18:51Did you mean to move over?
18:54Yeah, I was just like holding on because I didn't want to hit anyone.
18:58Okay.
18:59Wow.
19:00You could drive away, right?
19:01Right.
19:02It looks like it.
19:03No, tire's intact.
19:04Yeah.
19:05So this is interesting because it's a higher frame car.
19:07Yep.
19:08A lot of trucks in the U.S.
19:10Yes.
19:11And, you know, we've got some interesting cargo.
19:14Yeah.
19:15I'm surprised it didn't go through.
19:17You know, you fared really good in this.
19:19Let's take a look inside.
19:20How about the passenger?
19:21Passengers okay?
19:23So as a belted occupant and the passenger side here,
19:27the dummy was jostled around.
19:28Okay.
19:28Not a big deal.
19:29He's belted.
19:30In this impact, pretty good.
19:32You walk away.
19:32We're good to go.
19:33Woo!
19:34Lynn and Tito managed to avoid hitting the truck
19:39since they both reacted quickly to the unfolding situation.
19:44Natasha Merritt is an experimental psychologist researching car safety.
19:49For her, the footage is revealing.
19:52As he's coming towards the crash,
19:55he tries to avoid the crash like in the real world.
19:58What the hell's that?
19:59Oh, my goodness.
20:00Instead of just braking,
20:02he actually tries to move out of the way by steering,
20:05which is more of an experienced driver's behavior.
20:09Whoa, whoa, whoa, whoa.
20:10With Lynn, she's well behind.
20:13She sees it all happening way ahead.
20:15She slows down even more.
20:17She's sort of avoided the crash,
20:19but as is also, again, typical in these situations,
20:22she ends up being rear-ended by another vehicle,
20:26which happens again in the real world.
20:28Being rear-ended is a reminder that for drivers like Lynn,
20:32danger on the road can be behind the driver
20:34as much as in front.
20:37You've just got to be so careful of what's behind you
20:41and what's in front of you and what's at the side of you.
20:44You can't just be centred on your own little world.
20:47You've got to be aware of everything all around you
20:50when you're on the motorway, especially.
20:52Having shown Tito his F-150,
20:56Janet now wants to show him
20:57one of the other cars on the tarmac.
21:00You had mentioned you have a Dodge minivan.
21:03Yes, and I go visit the States.
21:06That's what I drive.
21:07Let's go take a look at it.
21:12The minivan was driven by Chun Hui,
21:14one of James' team drivers.
21:16During the crash, it experienced multiple collisions.
21:25And from the wreck,
21:26it's clear a major safety device came into play.
21:31Airbags.
21:34The airbags used in today's cars
21:36originated in Japan in 1964.
21:38So a Japanese engineer called Kobori-san
21:42came up with the idea
21:43of using a chemical impellant
21:46to create a controlled explosion
21:48and generate a lot of gas in a very short time.
21:52Later, airbags were developed
21:54to inflate in around 30 milliseconds
21:56and were introduced into high-end vehicles
21:59in the 1970s.
22:01Today,
22:02they're a standard safety feature
22:04in every new car.
22:05But they have their limitations.
22:10Airbags are designed
22:11to deploy once
22:13during a crash.
22:15So for subsequent events,
22:16they're not going to have
22:18their full effectiveness.
22:19Automotive manufacturers
22:20would love to be able to design
22:22against multiple impacts
22:24for one vehicle.
22:25It's difficult, though,
22:26because after a first impact,
22:28an occupant might be
22:29inside the airbag, so to speak.
22:32If the same airbag deploys
22:33a second time
22:34while an occupant
22:35is already cushioned against it,
22:37the controlled explosion
22:38could injure
22:39rather than protect.
22:43The occupants of this minivan
22:45would have encountered this problem
22:46since it experiences
22:47multiple impacts.
22:49Its first point of contact
22:57is with the parked black
22:58Audi A6
22:59towing the camper.
23:04It's at this point
23:05the front airbags inflate.
23:10But then,
23:12it slams into the parked
23:13blue Ford C-MAX,
23:15cannoning the C-MAX
23:16into the tractor trailer's cabin.
23:18Here,
23:19the minivan's side airbags deploy.
23:26It then smashes
23:27into the tractor cabin itself
23:29and finally collides sideways
23:31with the truck's trailer.
23:32The front and side airbags
23:40deploy during the first two impacts.
23:43However,
23:43since they are designed
23:44to deflate quickly
23:45to avoid trapping
23:46or suffocating injured occupants,
23:49they offer less protection
23:50during the final side-on collision.
23:54Oh my goodness, man!
23:56This car went through a lot.
24:01It wasn't just one impact,
24:03obviously,
24:03because the entire front
24:05is destroyed.
24:06The side is destroyed.
24:08You can see toward the back,
24:09you've got rear impact.
24:13We had a dummy
24:14sitting in the front passenger seat.
24:19So the airbags deployed,
24:21but at the end of the day,
24:23it didn't do a whole lot.
24:25Okay, no.
24:28Airbag or not,
24:29with this much intrusion,
24:30with this much damage
24:31to the occupant space,
24:33nobody would have survived that.
24:35No.
24:40My goodness.
24:42It's just shocking
24:44that within minutes,
24:45just seconds, really,
24:47seconds,
24:49a solid thing turns into
24:50a crushed piece of metal.
24:53Yeah.
24:55This is the car seat
24:56with the seatbelt
24:57that held the car seat in.
24:59Yeah.
25:00So if there were,
25:02if there were a child
25:03sitting back there,
25:03they didn't make it.
25:04No.
25:04100%.
25:05It's a huge impact.
25:07I will continue
25:08being a defensive driver.
25:10Good.
25:11Major impacts like this,
25:12just,
25:13any car,
25:15any car will get crushed.
25:16But can Marcus pick apart
25:24the clues in the crushed metal?
25:27I think the white vehicle,
25:29the people carrier,
25:31has probably,
25:32to be confirmed,
25:33with paint transfers
25:34and other things,
25:35had an impact
25:36with the blue towing vehicle.
25:38It's put it into
25:39a sideways yaw,
25:41which has then resulted
25:43in a sideways,
25:44fairly significant,
25:45kind of slapping impact.
25:47And it's gone quite high,
25:49actually,
25:49after impact,
25:50onto the lorry.
25:54Marcus is correct
25:56about the circumstance
25:56that led up
25:57to the Dodge's crash.
25:59He's incorrectly assumed
26:01the blue Ford C-Max
26:02was driving
26:02rather than parked
26:03on the shoulder.
26:04but he has figured out
26:07which car struck
26:08the truck first.
26:11The C-Max
26:12cannot have got
26:13to its resultant position
26:14if the white vehicle
26:16was here.
26:17So the C-Max event
26:18must have happened
26:20before
26:20the white vehicle event.
26:26The blue Ford
26:27is first
26:28into the collision,
26:30followed by
26:31the white people carrier,
26:32followed by
26:33the F-150.
26:34That's what the evidence
26:39is telling me
26:41at this point.
26:43And Andy has found
26:44some physical evidence
26:45that confirms this theory.
26:48The Dodge came
26:49into the side
26:50of the Audi.
26:50In the process,
26:51this blue paint,
26:52which my initial assessment
26:54was it was from
26:54the side of the truck,
26:56it's actually
26:56from the Ford.
26:57So the front end
26:59loaded up into
27:00the back of the Ford.
27:01you've got the
27:04white bumper
27:06was actually
27:06deposited in
27:08here.
27:08Nice.
27:08Wow, that's so neat.
27:09And we removed
27:10that out of there
27:11in the process
27:12of assessing it.
27:14And then I told you
27:14it brought some
27:15of the Audi with it.
27:16Yeah.
27:17This was trapped
27:18in here.
27:20It's a black panel
27:21with a green panel
27:22adhesive on the back of it.
27:23So it brought part
27:24of the Audi
27:25to the Ford
27:26and left it behind.
27:29Across the track,
27:31Marcus has spotted
27:31something interesting
27:32with regards
27:33to the Porsche Boxster,
27:36driven by Caitlin,
27:37the youngest
27:37and least experienced
27:39driver.
27:42So if you kind of
27:44stand quite close
27:45to me and look
27:45down the line here,
27:47you can hopefully
27:47see these two
27:50fairly clear tire marks.
27:51So they start
27:52in this lane
27:53and then they come
27:54into this kind
27:55of area next
27:56to this barrier.
27:58You can see
27:59the black marks
28:00of the driver's
28:02side tires
28:03coming up
28:04onto the barrier
28:04and they come
28:05increasingly up
28:06until the sidewall
28:08of the tire
28:09actually makes
28:10a really significant
28:11mark on the lower
28:12edge of the barrier
28:13and at about
28:15the same time
28:16there's contact
28:17on the barrier
28:19with the wing mirror.
28:21Marcus has
28:24perfectly described
28:25the contact
28:26Caitlin's Porsche
28:26made with the barrier
28:27without having
28:28seen it happen.
28:30Um, I can't see it.
28:33What is that on?
28:37I've just crashed.
28:38So we've got the route
28:41of the Boxster
28:42really well nailed down
28:44and we also know
28:45the driving behaviour
28:46of the Boxster.
28:47We don't know
28:48the speed at this point
28:49but we do know
28:50there's really good
28:51early observations,
28:53there's avoiding action
28:54and there's heavy braking.
28:55So we can say,
28:56you know,
28:56that driver's awake,
28:57they're on it,
28:58you know,
28:59they're taking avoiding action.
29:00Sure, they've ended up
29:01making contact
29:02but at quite an early stage
29:04and quite a good
29:04distance back,
29:06they have reacted
29:07to the impending danger
29:08ahead of them.
29:11What is going on?
29:13Caitlin comes to a stop
29:14about 25 feet
29:16from the tractor trailer
29:17but then she accelerates
29:20directly into the back of it.
29:22Why?
29:25Oh my God.
29:27Wow.
29:29Not so beautiful car
29:30anymore, huh?
29:30It is.
29:31What a shame
29:31but what the hell?
29:34I don't know
29:35how I managed that.
29:37I don't know
29:37how I've ended up
29:38under there.
29:40That is,
29:40that is bad.
29:41That is really bad.
29:44Wow.
29:44Um,
29:45describe what you remember
29:46though
29:46as you came down.
29:47So,
29:48what I frequently remember
29:49is just a big
29:51cloud of smoke.
29:53I don't recall seeing that.
29:55I didn't see the lorry
29:55at all.
29:56Um,
29:57but I remember
29:58I did
29:58put my foot on the brake
30:00and I did
30:01accelerate a little bit
30:02to get out
30:03of the smoke.
30:05The video evidence
30:07suggests
30:07that Caitlin
30:08may have reacted
30:09to the sporty
30:10Mercedes ML
30:11driven by team driver
30:12Aisha
30:13speeding past her
30:14as she remained
30:15in the right-hand lane.
30:16In the UK,
30:18this is the fast lane
30:19and a dangerous place
30:20to be stationary.
30:23Caitlin does just stop.
30:25She's obviously in shock.
30:26The smoke is coming in.
30:27She's really not sure
30:28what she,
30:29um,
30:29should do.
30:30And then,
30:31she is actually
30:31still seeing that
30:32she should move out
30:33of the way
30:34and get herself
30:35out of that situation.
30:36It all happened so fast.
30:40Yeah.
30:41It was like
30:41just a big blur,
30:42but honestly,
30:43I'm,
30:43I'm gobsmacked.
30:45I'm gobsmacked.
30:46so you ended up
30:48not having enough,
30:50um,
30:50momentum,
30:51enough velocity
30:52to actually go under.
30:53Yeah.
30:54Which is probably
30:55very good.
30:56Yeah.
30:56So,
30:57would I have been safe
30:58or?
30:59I think you'd be okay.
31:00Wow.
31:00Obviously shaken,
31:01maybe some bruises
31:02from the seatbelt,
31:03um,
31:04but you would have
31:04walked away okay.
31:05Wow.
31:06Yeah.
31:08Caitlin would have
31:09survived the crash
31:10due to one of
31:11the simplest
31:11of safety features,
31:13the humble seatbelt.
31:14The three-point seatbelt
31:18has saved more lives
31:19than any other
31:19car safety device.
31:22First invented in 1951
31:24by Americans
31:25Roger W. Griswold
31:26and Hugh Dehaven,
31:27the modern side-buckled
31:29version was created
31:30by Swedish engineer
31:31Niels Bolin
31:32and Volvo
31:33in 1959.
31:37Rather than trying
31:39to make money
31:39out of this invention,
31:41Bolin and Volvo
31:42actually gave
31:43the technology
31:44to the rest
31:45of the world.
31:45So not only
31:46did Niels Bolin
31:47save millions
31:48of lives,
31:49he never sought
31:50to make a penny
31:50out of his invention.
31:52The point is
31:53to spread the crash
31:54forces over
31:55the strong parts
31:56of the body
31:56like the chest
31:57and the pelvis.
32:01Modern-day seatbelts
32:01have advanced
32:03technologies
32:03like pre-tensioning
32:05and load limiting.
32:07What these features
32:08do is they help
32:09to remove the slack
32:10out of the seatbelt
32:12system.
32:12at the end
32:16of the day,
32:16the best thing
32:17that you can do
32:18is put your seatbelt
32:19on.
32:20The seatbelt
32:20is still the most
32:21effective way
32:22to reduce your risk
32:24of injury
32:24in a crash.
32:27You did pretty well.
32:28I'm fairly surprised
32:29that I would have been
32:29okay because there's
32:30no roof or nothing
32:31on it.
32:31So in my mind,
32:32I was sort of thinking
32:33I might have flew out
32:34or something like that.
32:36If you are unbelted,
32:37that's a distinct possibility
32:38for sure.
32:39If you're belted,
32:40you're literally
32:41unbelting yourself
32:42and you're walking away.
32:43Wow.
32:43You did great
32:44in this car for sure.
32:45Well,
32:46don't underestimate
32:47those young drivers.
32:48The Volkswagen Golf
32:57driven by adrenaline
32:59junkie Luke
32:59has come to a stop
33:01about 40 feet
33:02on the far side
33:03of the tractor truck.
33:04These are the track marks
33:07of the Golf.
33:08The left-hand side
33:09is here.
33:09As you can see,
33:10that's underneath
33:10the lorry.
33:12So we know
33:12that the Golf
33:13has come through
33:14before the lorry
33:15is across the road,
33:16if that makes sense.
33:18The Volkswagen
33:18appears to have had
33:19to have traveled
33:20through the location
33:21of the trailer
33:22from the delivery truck.
33:24So in order
33:25to travel through it,
33:26we know the truck
33:27wasn't there.
33:30Marcus and Andy
33:31know that the Golf
33:32could not have passed
33:32through the truck.
33:34They can also tell
33:35that the Golf
33:36didn't squeeze
33:37past the cab
33:38of the truck
33:38before it blocked
33:39the road.
33:40If that had happened,
33:42any damage to the Golf
33:43would be on the other side.
33:45So can they figure out
33:46what really happened?
33:48Oh, oh, oh!
33:51Jesus!
33:52So you can see...
33:52See, it looks unscathed here,
33:53doesn't it?
33:54Yep, absolutely.
33:54So literally the impact
33:55was the side
33:56right into there.
33:57Started here.
33:57You can even see
33:58the white paint.
33:59Look at that.
34:00Yep.
34:00Tore through it.
34:01That's got to be
34:01part of the metal.
34:02Oh my God.
34:04Back at the truck,
34:05the investigators
34:06make a breakthrough
34:07that could explain
34:08the damage to the Golf.
34:10So we've been looking
34:12constantly now
34:13for a solution
34:14that allows the Golf
34:15to get through
34:16to where it is,
34:17and we found the secret.
34:20There's a contact
34:21from the lower corner
34:22of the trailer
34:23that's actually
34:24gouged into the roadway
34:25that's indicated
34:26that the trailer
34:27has actually come up
34:28in this kind
34:29of configuration.
34:30The front right corner
34:33of the second trailer
34:34has clearly made contact
34:36with the ground.
34:38For this to have happened,
34:40something must have struck
34:41the back left side
34:42of the trailer,
34:43forcing it up
34:43into the air.
34:46The impact of the Porsche
34:47wasn't significant enough
34:48to have caused
34:49the trailer to tip.
34:51However,
34:53damage to the luxury sedan
34:54Audi A8,
34:55driven by team driver Mark,
34:57which is now
34:58a crumpled wreck
34:5920 feet from the truck,
35:01suggests it might be
35:02the reason
35:03the trailer tipped.
35:06So if it's come up
35:07from there,
35:08created a new hypothesis,
35:10is it possible
35:10the Volkswagen
35:11actually could have
35:12gotten under
35:12a portion of
35:15or all of the trailer
35:16at some point?
35:17The investigator's theory
35:19is that the Golf
35:20didn't go through
35:20the truck,
35:21but under it.
35:23The truck trailer
35:24is pushed onto
35:25two wheels
35:26as the Audi strikes it,
35:29gouging out
35:30a piece of the roadway
35:31as it lurches,
35:32creating a gap underneath,
35:34which the Golf
35:35drives right through.
35:39But is there
35:40any evidence available
35:41to the investigators
35:42to give them confidence
35:43in their theory?
35:46What we identified
35:47is red paint
35:49on the bottom
35:50of this surface.
35:52It's the only red transfer
35:53we found on the vehicle.
35:56The traces of red paint
35:57prove the Golf
35:58contacted the underside
36:00of the trailer.
36:01The trailer actually
36:03has to have been up
36:04at some elevation
36:05for the Volkswagen
36:06to get underneath it.
36:07The only thing
36:08we can think
36:08that could have caused
36:09that kind of opening
36:10is the impact
36:11of the Audi
36:12striking the trailer first,
36:14the Volkswagen
36:14shooting underneath
36:15the edge of the trailer
36:16as it went by,
36:18then the Porsche
36:18coming in behind that.
36:19using the LIDAR scans
36:26to remove the smoke
36:27from the crash scene.
36:29It's possible
36:30to visualize
36:31how the Golf
36:31squeezes under the trailer
36:33at the very moment
36:34the Audi forces it
36:35onto two wheels,
36:37leaving gouge marks
36:38on the tarmac.
36:40A one-in-a-million
36:41set of circumstances
36:42that could have saved
36:45the driver's life.
36:50This scenario
36:51explains the extensive
36:52damage to the Audi.
36:55The primary direction
36:56of force
36:57is directly through
36:58basically the tip
37:00of the steering wheel,
37:01which is kind of
37:02the worst place
37:02for a driver to be.
37:04I wouldn't expect
37:05to see very good
37:06condition on us.
37:07Yeah.
37:07We've got so much
37:09intrusion,
37:10his legs are crushed.
37:11It's probably
37:11not survivable.
37:15It also explains
37:16the much lighter damage
37:17to the Mercedes ML
37:19driven by team member
37:20Aisha.
37:21As the truck's
37:22coming back down,
37:23the black Mercedes
37:25catches the corner
37:26of the door
37:26that's swinging.
37:28It flattened
37:29the left front wheel,
37:30which has left
37:31a low-tire scuff
37:33all the way
37:33to the final rest
37:34location of the Mercedes.
37:35We've got ABS
37:36brake indication
37:37actually once we
37:38get into the grass,
37:39but no evidence
37:40of breaking out
37:41in this area
37:42on the part
37:42of the Mercedes.
37:43And what about
37:44the passengers
37:45in the Mercedes?
37:47Before the crash,
37:48Jenna installed
37:49two crash test dummies.
37:51One was belted
37:52and one was
37:53deliberately left
37:54unbelted.
37:58The car caught
37:59a glancing blow
38:00off the rear door
38:01of the truck.
38:02Both the belted
38:03and unbelted
38:04passengers would
38:04have been shaken
38:05but unharmed.
38:07this time.
38:15But what about
38:16the occupants
38:16of the gulf?
38:18Would they also
38:18have been unharmed?
38:21The gulf
38:22has gone underneath
38:22the trailer.
38:23There's been
38:23some contact
38:24between the underside
38:25of the trailer
38:26and the gulf
38:26on the A-pillar
38:27that you can evidence
38:28together the cause
38:29and effect
38:29of those two areas.
38:30while the driver's
38:33airbag was deactivated
38:34to accommodate
38:35the robotics,
38:36the passenger's airbag
38:37could have deployed
38:38but didn't.
38:40And Janet has a theory
38:41as to why.
38:43The impact came
38:44so high on the car.
38:46The airbag sensors
38:47are down on the bumper area.
38:49It may have missed it.
38:50but the sensors
38:52might not have
38:52picked it up.
38:53Yeah, yeah.
38:54The team won't be able
38:56to confirm this theory
38:57until the gulf
38:57is returned
38:58to Cranfield University
38:59and the airbag data
39:00is analyzed.
39:05The damage to the gulf
39:06may appear minimal
39:07but the dummy inside
39:09tells a different story.
39:12Before the experiment
39:13Janet applied
39:14colored grease paint
39:15to the mannequin's head.
39:18Paint traces
39:19left on the car
39:20reveal where the dummy
39:21struck hard surfaces
39:22during the crash
39:23providing clues
39:25about the injuries
39:25this passenger
39:26would have received.
39:27Let me show you something.
39:31That is so close,
39:32isn't it?
39:33Well, it's not just
39:35so close.
39:35He hit it.
39:36He actually struck the car.
39:38With the red paint,
39:38you can see it.
39:39Oh, yeah.
39:39That is insane, isn't it?
39:41Yeah.
39:42The black box data
39:43once fed into
39:44a crash simulator
39:45confirms what the grease paint
39:47is already revealing.
39:49And the results
39:50are sobering.
39:54The brief
39:55but substantial contact
39:56with the trailer
39:57causes the forward pillar
39:59to buckle
39:59striking the passenger
40:01on the head.
40:03How injured
40:04was the person in it then?
40:06That's going to be
40:06a severe head trauma.
40:08There's no doubt.
40:10The gulf's pillar
40:11may have buckled
40:11only a few inches
40:12but if that force
40:14had been transferred
40:14to the passenger's head
40:15the injury
40:16could have been fatal.
40:17and obviously
40:23all the injuries
40:24are sustained.
40:25For you,
40:26maybe some head trauma.
40:28Right.
40:28Yeah.
40:29It really puts it
40:30into perspective,
40:30doesn't it?
40:31You don't know
40:32what's going to happen
40:32and the injuries
40:33that you sustain.
40:34So, yeah,
40:35it's just
40:35I don't know
40:36what to say really.
40:37We're happy
40:38you weren't actually
40:39in there.
40:39Yeah, no,
40:39of course.
40:52He's veering.
40:52He's veering.
40:53You can watch
40:54Luke's pupils.
40:55They are dilating.
40:57Oh, oh, oh.
40:58He's definitely
40:59got all of the
41:00responses
41:01of a shocked
41:02and immersed person.
41:04He's absolutely
41:05in that environment
41:06and he's trying
41:06to avoid it
41:07and he just
41:08can't believe it.
41:09For Natasha,
41:10it's proof
41:11of the validity
41:12of the experiment.
41:14Although the drivers
41:14were in remote
41:15control pods,
41:16they still
41:17experienced this crash.
41:19I've never really
41:20been in something
41:21this serious before.
41:22At this speed,
41:23when something
41:24happens this quickly,
41:25you have no time
41:26to react.
41:26It really is
41:27quite a scary
41:28situation to be in.
41:29I probably will drive
41:30a bit more differently,
41:31being more cautious
41:31as well,
41:32cautious as other people,
41:34especially on the motorway.
41:36According to crash
41:37analysis expert
41:38Janet Behuth,
41:39of the volunteer drivers,
41:41only Luke would have
41:42faced the possibility
41:43of serious injury.
41:46Tito,
41:47Caitlin
41:47and Lynn
41:48more than likely
41:50would have been able
41:51to walk away.
41:55Although that's not
41:56the case
41:56for drivers
41:57from James' team.
41:59While Pete
41:59in the white van
42:00and Aisha
42:01and the Mercedes
42:01would have survived.
42:04If Chunhui
42:05had actually been
42:06in the Dodge
42:06and Mark
42:07in the Audi,
42:08their impacts
42:08would have likely
42:09been fatal.
42:11As for the cars
42:12parked on the shoulder,
42:13those in the towing
42:15vehicle took a heavy hit
42:17but would most likely
42:18have survived.
42:21However,
42:23anyone still
42:24in the Ford C-Max
42:25may well have lost
42:26their lives,
42:28confirming
42:28that the safest option
42:30is to exit
42:30a parked car
42:31on the shoulder
42:32to avoid
42:32any potential collisions.
42:42Having laid out
42:43their theory,
42:44Marcus and Andy
42:45now get to watch
42:46the crash unfold
42:47for the first time
42:48to see if their findings
42:50are correct.
42:52There we go.
42:53It's exciting.
42:56Some cars were slower,
42:57some cars were faster.
42:58Truck comes over.
43:00Wow.
43:01You see it?
43:02The trailer come up?
43:03Yeah, yeah, yeah.
43:04Look at the Porsche.
43:05She stopped
43:06and then drove
43:07inside of it.
43:08She pulled over
43:09knowing something
43:10bad was happening
43:11and then realized,
43:12I'm in all this smoke.
43:13I don't like the smoke.
43:13Get out.
43:14And that's why she continued.
43:15So she was trying to drive
43:16to escape the smoke screen.
43:17She didn't know
43:18the tractor-trailer was in.
43:22The blue car
43:23that really didn't make
43:26any sense
43:26how it had interacted
43:27was stationary.
43:28Stationary.
43:29Absolutely.
43:29We always had a question mark
43:31over the physics.
43:33The physics of the rotation on it.
43:35So that answers
43:35a lot of questions.
43:38The stationary blue C-Max aside,
43:41Andy and Marcus
43:42very accurately deduced
43:43the individual elements
43:44of this complex incident,
43:46proving the value
43:47of their methods
43:48and experience.
43:52Coming out here,
43:53of course,
43:53I didn't know
43:53what to expect.
43:55Got here,
43:55and it was a heck of a crash.
43:57A big mess
43:58spread out
43:59over an immense distance.
44:01We worked all the way
44:03through it.
44:03We had come to
44:04a relatively solid hypothesis.
44:08I was like the kid
44:09with the answers
44:09to the tests.
44:10Right.
44:11And I watched you guys,
44:12and I saw what you were doing
44:14and how you were looking
44:15at everything.
44:15The magic happened
44:17when you picked up
44:18the corner of the back trailer.
44:20It broke open
44:20the whole case for you guys.
44:21It was fantastic to see
44:23that.
44:23I was so excited.
44:24There was no way
44:24the Volkswagen
44:25could have gone
44:26through the truck.
44:26It had to go
44:27under the truck.
44:28having the ability
44:32to go back in
44:32at the tail end
44:33and watch the video
44:34of what transpired
44:35to see what I
44:37ascertained in the field
44:38and how it compared
44:39to what actually occurred
44:41was really mind-boggling
44:43in this case
44:43because we were so close
44:45to what had actually transpired
44:47without ever looking
44:48at any data.
44:49We're able to show
44:50that what we do
44:51in the field helps us
44:52to find the truth
44:52so that we can speak
44:53the truth
44:54and defend it later
44:55and it was a great process
44:57to be able to do that.
44:58It was just fantastic.
45:00Wouldn't you like
45:01to have this
45:01on every crash?
45:04Seeing that gulf
45:05under the lorry,
45:06it's unique
45:07but we read it correctly.
45:10The science doesn't lie.
45:11It's not luck.
45:13It is a scientific art form
45:15to read and diagnose
45:17collision scenes
45:18and we've done it right.
45:19But what of the rest
45:23of the experiment?
45:24What has this high-speed pilot
45:26revealed about
45:27the vehicles themselves?
45:29All the vehicles
45:30are interesting
45:32in themselves
45:33not only because
45:33of the vehicle
45:34but because we've got
45:35the data,
45:36we've got the footage
45:36and we know exactly
45:37what happened to them.
45:40What's the first thing
45:41you notice here?
45:42The drag the seat
45:43is not where
45:44it should have been.
45:45Exactly.
45:47We brought all
45:48of the vehicles
45:48back to the university
45:50and we're now
45:50starting to use them
45:51to teach the next generation
45:53of automotive
45:53and motorsport engineers.
45:56We hear consumers
45:57complain all the time
45:57that like A pillars
45:59and B pillars
46:00are getting bigger
46:00and bigger
46:01and visibility
46:01is getting worse.
46:02If that had been smaller.
46:07It's interesting
46:08that the airbags
46:09haven't gone off
46:09on the passenger sides.
46:11Yeah.
46:12James and his team
46:14have now analyzed
46:15the black box data
46:16from the gulf
46:16and uncovered a possible
46:18reason why Luke's
46:19passenger airbag
46:20didn't deploy.
46:21A set of circumstances
46:23that ultimately
46:24would have led
46:25to serious injury
46:26or even death.
46:28The deceleration rate
46:30was much less than 5G.
46:33The deceleration
46:34was simply too low
46:35to trigger the airbags
46:36so they simply
46:37didn't deploy.
46:38The Dodge
46:42highlighted a drawback
46:43common to many vehicles
46:44when it slammed
46:45side-on
46:46into the tractor trailer.
46:48It's far more significant
46:49to have a side-on
46:50high-energy impact
46:52than it is to have
46:53a front-on
46:53high-energy impact.
46:55Front and rear
46:56crumple zones
46:57save lives
46:58but these are harder
46:59to build
46:59into the sides of cars.
47:01But what really stands out
47:05is that while cars
47:06can be engineered
47:07to be safer and safer
47:08there is still
47:10a weak link
47:10in the chain.
47:12You cannot 100%
47:14protect the driver
47:15from every scenario
47:17and so the driver
47:18has to be vigilant
47:19of what they're doing
47:20at all times.
47:21There is an interaction
47:22between humans
47:23and systems
47:24so yes
47:25our cars
47:26are getting safer
47:27but the roads
47:28are much more complex
47:30vehicles
47:31are much more complex
47:32people are still
47:33speeding
47:34and obviously
47:35the faster you go
47:36the more likely
47:36you are to be
47:37involved in a crash.
47:43The human element
47:45brings with it
47:45poor driving
47:46and speeding
47:47leading to severe
47:48and potentially fatal accidents.
47:52But is there a solution?
47:56For true safety
47:57perhaps the ultimate answer
47:59will eventually be
48:00to remove the driver
48:01from the equation
48:02completely.
48:03The future of vehicles
48:05is really going to be
48:06autonomous systems
48:07embedded into cars
48:09so that they have
48:11a better awareness
48:12of their surroundings
48:13than the human
48:14within them.
48:15But nonetheless
48:15you are still
48:17within a road environment
48:19where lots of things
48:21can happen
48:21and protecting yourself
48:23from those risks
48:24is really paramount
48:26for road safety.
48:27until autonomous vehicles
48:30become the norm
48:31the fight goes on.
48:33Engineers will continue
48:34to design around humans
48:36to build safer and safer cars
48:38to cope with the random
48:39complex nature
48:40of real roads
48:41and real drivers.
48:45Bringing the human element in
48:47and getting their reaction
48:49really does help us
48:50to understand
48:51how the cars
48:52and the human
48:53as a combined unit
48:54behave in this situation.
48:56after experiencing the crash
49:00and examining the damage
49:01done to their cars
49:02the volunteer drivers
49:04are eager to see
49:05how the experiment
49:06really unfolded
49:07and how it compares
49:08to their recall
49:09of the event.
49:10I did not see that lorry
49:12at all
49:12even though it's bright blue
49:13it's massive
49:14I didn't see it.
49:15This is the first time
49:17they have seen
49:17the entirety
49:18of the crash.
49:20The dash cam
49:21and drone footage
49:22reveals just what
49:23they went through
49:23in crystal clear detail.
49:25Here we go.
49:26It happens so quick.
49:29Boom, boom.
49:30Look at the white dodge
49:32Oh my God.
49:33It literally clips
49:34the caravan first
49:35then spins.
49:36Look at Luke.
49:37Whoa, look at you there, Luke.
49:39Yeah, look at the trailers
49:39it comes up.
49:40So I hit like
49:41the underside almost.
49:42Oh, right.
49:43You went through
49:44that little bit then.
49:45There's red paint
49:46underneath.
49:47That was like
49:48lucky timing, I'd say.
49:49Yeah, it was.
49:50And that's me skidding.
49:51Tito coming up.
49:52That's me on the brakes.
49:54Watching the Mercedes
49:54come in.
49:56Whoa!
49:57Oh my God.
49:58Yeah, miss me.
49:59It's just you stop
50:00and then you just
50:01slowly go arms
50:01and go into the trailer.
50:02It was like
50:03brain fog, I think.
50:05So were you just
50:05panicking?
50:07And you thought
50:07oh yeah, he's going off
50:08so I'm going off as well.
50:09So you tried to
50:10follow him then,
50:11haven't you?
50:11Yeah.
50:12Yeah.
50:12And I'm all the way up here.
50:17Well, as long as
50:18I survived
50:19and my passengers
50:19said that's the main thing.
50:20Well, we're all alive
50:21and we're all there
50:22to tell the tale.
50:24Well, take what you
50:25learned from here.
50:26You'll remember it.
50:28I'm going to remember
50:28with the rest of my life.
50:29100%.
50:30Yeah.
50:31Yeah.
50:31You're a great crowd
50:32and as a memento
50:34take your license plate.
50:38Thank you.
50:39Absolutely.
50:39Hey, thank you very much.
50:41Thank you.
50:42Fridge magnet.
50:43Bye, nice to meet you.
50:45See you driving.
50:46That's good.
50:46Woo!
50:46Woo!
50:51Woo!
50:52Woo!
50:52Woo!
50:53Woo!
50:53Woo!
50:53Woo!
50:53Woo!
50:53Woo!
50:53Woo!
50:53Woo!
50:53Woo!
50:53Woo!
50:53Woo!
50:54Woo!
50:54Woo!
50:55Woo!
50:55Woo!
50:56Woo!
50:56Woo!
50:57And I am gobsmacked
50:58about it.
50:58It's such a scary situation
51:00and obviously stuff like this
51:01happens on a daily basis.
51:04It does just take that one car
51:06to cause chaos.
51:08It goes to show it doesn't matter
51:09how good you are as a driver,
51:11you could be the best driver in the world
51:12and have so many plans
51:13or exit routes
51:14but there's only so much you can do
51:16like planning you can do.
51:18There could be other people around you
51:19especially on the motorway.
51:21You have no control in that situation.
51:22I am really careful,
51:25maybe sometimes too careful
51:26but it doesn't matter how careful you are
51:28you can still be in a really serious crash.
51:33It's definitely gonna stay with me.
51:35It's definitely impacted me
51:38in how I drive in the future.
51:41Creating a unique experiment like this
51:44opens a window to what we might be missing
51:46with those lab tests.
51:48And how can we now look at improving
51:50the future design of vehicles
51:52so that we all drive around
51:54in a much safer manner.
51:55I hope that people watching this program
51:58will get a lot out of it
51:59to change behavior,
52:00to slow down,
52:01to wear seat belts,
52:02to not be distracted.
52:03And hopefully the message for safety
52:05really just outshines everything.
52:20I hope you're coming for it.
52:21Thank you so much.
52:21We'll see you guys tomorrow.
52:22We'll see you next time.
52:22Bye.
52:24Bye.
52:24Bye.
52:27Bye.
52:43Bye.
52:45Bye.
52:47Bye.
52:47Bye.
52:49Bye.
52:50A CIDADE NO BRASIL
53:20A CIDADE NO BRASIL
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