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00:10Music
00:30Hello dear brothers and sisters! Welcome back to the Active Evangelization virtual classroom to continue our study of the Pauline epistles.
00:39in the Pauline writings, where this module will now be dedicated to working particularly on the topic of the
00:46Letters from Galatians and Romans, which have great similarity in terms of the subject matter they deal with.
00:54And that's why I've grouped these two cards into a single module, because in addition to having common elements, well
01:04These are two great cards that give us a lot of development material.
01:10So in this whole module we're going to dedicate it to reviewing these two letters and from
01:19There, one can gain a deeper understanding of the main topics covered in these letters.
01:25And well, as always, we're going to start with a short, which this time won't be so short, introduction.
01:31from the letter to the Galatians, which, together with the letter to the Romans, is the text that presents the
01:37Pauline Gospel.
01:39More clearly and explicitly, this letter, in a way, tells us what would be
01:46the presentation of St. Paul's thought in relation to many of the themes that, although already proposed within the
01:57The Gospel, that's how he understood it and that's the presentation he would later make to the communities.
02:02Both Roman texts and Galatians, since they will address the same underlying theological problem, will do so in different ways.
02:11under various circumstances.
02:15Galatians will present it as an immediate and passionate reaction to a specific situation in a community already established
02:23by Paul.
02:23It is an invaluable document, not only for the biography of Paul, which gives us a broader perspective on this subject,
02:34Indeed, and that is why it is considered the most Pauline of the Pauline letters, if you will.
02:39but for the history of early Christianity, since it allows us to see, thus in the first row, the intra-ecclesial tensions
02:51on a large scale,
02:54These are comparable only to those reflected in some passages of Second Corinthians.
03:01Romans presents us with a more serene and complete exposition that proposes in order and clarifies and more solidly grounds the
03:13ideas raised by the controversy that arose with the Judaizers.
03:19This is written to a community that Paul never belonged to.
03:23If you look at the difference, in the first one Paul founded it, and yet in this one he writes to the
03:28Romans is a community that Paul never founded,
03:34He was never in this city.
03:35So they are different documents, but focused on a very similar theology that will provide a very important foundation in
03:46Christian salvation theology.
03:49And I would like to begin with a brief introduction to the content of the letters that you could give us right now.
03:59as a broad overview of these two very important documents within our church and especially for our lives,
04:08our Christian life.
04:10And we're going to start with the letter to the Galatians.
04:15Let's talk a little bit about the author and the date.
04:20As we have already said on other occasions in reference to other letters of Saint Paul.
04:26Especially in this case, there is no reason to question the internal claims that the apostle Paul wrote
04:34These letters, because clearly both in chapter 1, we can see verse 1, and in chapter 5, we can
04:42See verse 2.
04:44These clearly attest that Paul is the author and we have no contrary evidence to disprove it.
04:54Let's say, this letter to the Galatians has always been considered one of the letters that the apostle himself wrote
05:02directly.
05:03Let's talk now about the historical context of Galatians.
05:07In the days of Saint Paul the word Galatia had two distinct meanings.
05:12In a strictly ethnic sense, Galatia was the region of Asia Minor inhabited by the Galatians.
05:19This was a Celtic people who had migrated to this region of Gaul, which is now France.
05:27modern, approximately in the 3rd century BC.
05:32The Romans conquered the Galatians around 189 BC, but they allowed them, as they did
05:42often, to have some degree of independence.
05:47This continued until 25 BC, when Galatia became a Roman province.
05:53It ceased to be what Israel would be, just a conquered people with certain privileges.
05:59Galatia now becomes a Roman province that incorporates some of the regions not inhabited by ethnic Galatians,
06:11parts of Lycaonia, Phrygia and Pisidia.
06:16In a political sense, then, Galatia came to describe the entire Roman province, not merely the region inhabited by the
06:26ethnic Galatians, because of these Celts who migrated and came to be part of this province, if it is not expanded.
06:34When we get to the topic of Paul to the Galatians, we have to talk about the fact that Paul is speaking
06:41He is speaking not only to ethnic Galatians, but to the entire people of Galatia, which would encompass these three
06:49areas too.
06:52And well, Paul founded churches in the Galatian cities of southern Antioch, Iconium, Lystra, and Derbe.
07:01Chapters 13 and 14 of the book of the apostles bear witness to this.
07:10These cities, although they were within the Roman province of Galatia, were not in the ethnic region of the Galatians.
07:18There is no record of Paul founding churches in that northern region, where there is obviously less population.
07:26We had to go where there was logically more population.
07:30These two uses of the word Galatia make it more difficult to determine who the original recipients of the letter were.
07:39Some believe that Galatia, in its strict ethical-racial sense, was the focus of Paul's epistle to the church, and they argue that he addressed it to the church.
07:48from the northern region of Galatia,
07:50inhabited by the ethnic descendants of Galatia.
07:54Although the apostle apparently crossed the border and entered the fringes of ethnic Galatia, at least in
08:01twice.
08:02Texts relating to these, we have Acts 16 and in Acts 18 also in verse 23, we find these elements that
08:11They give us a reference.
08:12However, Acts does not record that he founded any church or that he was involved in any ministry within it.
08:22evangelization in this northern part.
08:25Since neither Acts nor Galatians mentions any city or person in North Galatia,
08:31It is reasonable to believe that Paul addressed these epistles or letters to the churches located in the southern part of
08:39the Roman province,
08:40but outside the ethnic region of Galatia.
08:43Acts records the establishment of such churches by the apostle in Antioch of Epsidia, which would be chapter 13.
08:53He then founded Iconium, and we have reference to this in chapters 13 and 16.
09:00We also have the founding of Lystra, the church in Lystra, chapter 14, and it is also mentioned in
09:08Chapter 16.
09:09And finally the church of Derbe, which he tells us about in chapter 14 and also in chapter
09:1716.
09:18Furthermore, the churches to which Paul addressed himself had apparently been established before the Council of Jerusalem,
09:26as he testifies in this letter in chapter 2, verse 5.
09:31And the churches of South Galatia fit this criterion,
09:36having been founded during Paul's first missionary journey, before the council met.
09:43Paul did not visit North Galatia until after the Council of Jerusalem.
09:49as referenced in the events in chapter 16.
09:54If we talk about the purpose of the letter, Paul wrote the letter to the Galatians to counteract the false teachers
10:04Judaizers
10:04that were undermining the central New Testament doctrine of justification by faith,
10:11which we already know at this point is, well, one of the fundamental issues
10:16where Paul has to keep insisting,
10:20given the formation or the way in which the communities he founded developed.
10:27Communities, therefore, far from Jerusalem,
10:31but they were strongly influenced by these Jewish Christian communities
10:38who were emigrating, and these preachers who, apparently, according to what he himself says,
10:45Well, all they were after was money, right?
10:49To become rich or to have possessions, they found in it a way of life,
10:53but that they had a mistaken doctrine and that, therefore,
10:56The apostle had to continually insist in all these communities
11:01so that the theme of justification by faith and not by works would be maintained.
11:08Ignoring the explicit right of the Council of Jerusalem,
11:12which is clearly stated in Acts 15,
11:16They spread the dangerous teachings that the Gentiles,
11:20First, they had to become proselytes,
11:23That is, pagans who wanted to become Jews were called proselytes.
11:27and then submit to the entire Mosaic Law
11:31before they could become Christians.
11:34Therefore, we have many testimonies of this,
11:38not only in this letter, chapter 1, chapter 4, chapter 5, chapter 6,
11:43where we find all these quotes that bear witness
11:49of this crusade that Paul was waging to prevent the communities,
11:54so that they would become Jewish communities,
11:57and then from there, into Christians.
11:59This would have completely ruined the plan God had for his church.
12:07Shaken by the Galatians' openness to this destructive heresy,
12:11as mentioned in verse 6 of chapter 1,
12:14Paul wrote this letter to defend justification by faith.
12:18and to warn these churches of the terrible consequences of abandoning this essential doctrine.
12:26We'll talk about this in more detail later.
12:28Because it is also very important for us Catholics to understand this.
12:33and that we see the relationship that exists between
12:38the theology proposed by the Protestant community,
12:43justification by faith,
12:45and our idea of justification by faith,
12:48which includes the works,
12:50because it is very important,
12:52It is very important because we have fallen,
12:55Well, at the other extreme,
12:57justified by faith alone.
12:59Yes, I already believed it.
13:01The Protestant believes that if he says,
13:03I accept Jesus Christ into my life
13:05and I renounce sin,
13:06At that moment he was already saved.
13:09And not,
13:10we will see that justification is one thing
13:12And salvation is another thing.
13:14So,
13:15These are elements that were of great importance in Paul's time,
13:19but which still remain equally important today
13:23in our Christian life.
13:26Galatians is the only letter that Paul wrote
13:30which does not contain a congratulatory message for its readers,
13:33It's a tough letter.
13:35That obvious omission reflects
13:38how motivated he was to confront
13:41desertion
13:42and to defend the essential doctrine
13:45of the justification
13:47through faith.
13:49So,
13:49This makes it clear to us,
13:52first,
13:53It is Paul who writes,
13:55more or less makes it clear
13:57the period in which he wrote,
13:59We'll see it a little later
14:01when we finally touch the card,
14:02This is just a brief introduction,
14:04and makes it clear what the purpose of this letter is
14:09and therefore,
14:10the harshness with which he writes,
14:12even going so far as to say to him,
14:13TRUE?,
14:14foolish Galatians,
14:16No?
14:17Some use words,
14:18Some translations use the word stupid.
14:21Galatians,
14:22TRUE?
14:22I mean,
14:23Pablo was really,
14:24very disappointed
14:26from seeing how they had let themselves go
14:28to attract and convince
14:29by these Judaizers
14:31in those communities
14:32with so much love
14:33he had founded it.
14:35Well,
14:36Let's stop,
14:37Here we pause,
14:38We'll be right back.
14:40to continue
14:40with a brief,
14:42With this brief introduction,
14:44Let's summarize
14:45the letter to the Galatians
14:47in short.
14:48We'll be back in a few moments.
15:09Thank you!