00:00 Our cardiovascular system gets weaker, and we experience immune system dysfunction.
00:05 One of the ways of understanding the changes in our bodies during long-duration spaceflight
00:10 is to study our nutritional status at specific time points during our mission.
00:16 Samples that we collect while we're in space provide scientists with information on bone
00:21 metabolism, oxidative damage, body chemistry, and hormonal changes.
00:27 These insights give scientists a more complete picture about what's happening in our bodies.
00:32 That increased understanding of the role of nutrition in adaptation to spaceflight has
00:37 a broader application on Earth.
00:40 One example is understanding the relationship of nutrition to bone loss.
00:44 This is potentially valuable for people suffering from osteoporosis right here on Earth.
00:50 The bones in our bodies are alive, growing, and changing all the time.
00:55 Our bones are composed of different layers.
00:57 The outer surface of bone is called cortical bone.
00:59 This is the smooth, hard part of the bone that we can see when we look at a skeleton.
01:04 Inside the cortical bone is the trabecular bone.
01:06 This type of bone looks like a sponge and helps to protect the bone marrow.
01:11 The constant process of bones growing and changing is called bone decay.
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