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Think of a Number (1978) S01E01 - Pilot - Johnny Ball
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00:30
Thank you very much.
00:34
Hello and welcome to Think of a Number.
00:38
You there.
00:39
Think of a number between 1 and 10.
00:41
7.
00:41
7.
00:42
Correct.
00:44
In this programme, I'm Johnny Baller certainly,
00:46
and in this programme we hope to show you how to flex your flexions,
00:49
pop your pop-ups,
00:50
and even how to double your money.
00:52
And I don't mean just fold your pound notes in half.
00:55
Also, we'll be exploring the amazing world of numbers.
01:00
I think one of the most amazing things about numbers
01:02
is the way people seem to be fascinated just by a few numbers.
01:07
For instance, before we started the programme,
01:09
we played a game of bingo with our studio audience.
01:14
So, it's the first person with five numbers on their card.
01:19
Eyes down, look in.
01:21
All the twos, two little ducks.
01:24
22.
01:26
Downing Street, number 10.
01:29
All the eights, two fat ladies.
01:33
88.
01:35
Oh, there's a lot of numbers coming out.
01:37
On look at the sun, 1 and 3, 13.
01:42
Sherwood Forest, all the trees.
01:45
33.
01:48
On its own, knock at the door.
01:51
It's number 4.
01:53
5 and 2, 52.
01:58
Yeah!
02:02
Everyone a winner!
02:03
Congratulations, because you've won the star prize.
02:05
You've all won a free walk to Penzance.
02:09
Now, it was a swizz, of course it was,
02:11
but it was just to show how fascinating people can be with numbers.
02:14
You're all saying, here's another, I've got another,
02:16
I've got another, there's only a few numbers.
02:17
The fascinating thing about numbers is,
02:20
or the amazing thing about numbers is that we're surrounded by them,
02:23
yet we're still fascinated by them.
02:25
I think we couldn't, we couldn't do without them, you know.
02:28
Just imagine what the world would be like without numbers.
02:32
Can you imagine what the 9 o'clock news would be like without numbers?
02:40
Good evening, and here's the news for when the long hand is pointing straight up
02:43
and the short hand is pointing straight across.
02:45
Today, the Prime Minister issued a statement from his home in Downing Street.
02:50
It's up a bit on the right.
02:52
He said that from next week,
02:53
the price of butter will go up by several pence a lump,
02:56
sweets will go up by a few pence a handful,
02:58
and petrol will go up by ever such a lot.
03:01
A lady in Edinburgh today gave birth to some babies.
03:05
Now, although it's common for a lady to give birth to a baby and another one,
03:08
and one often hears stories of ladies giving birth to a baby and another one and another one,
03:14
and another one, and another one, and another one, and another one, and another one.
03:21
Football.
03:22
Oh, just a moment.
03:24
Hello?
03:25
Yes, fine.
03:27
And another one.
03:30
Football, here are some late results.
03:32
Arsenal, no goals.
03:34
Leeds United, some goals.
03:35
Aston Villa, some goals.
03:38
Liverpool, some more goals.
03:40
Manchester United, a lot of goals.
03:42
Newcastle United, not quite so many goals.
03:45
Oh, thank you.
03:46
Here's a flash.
03:47
We've just heard that the high jumper, Ivor Springyleg,
03:50
has broken the world record high jump by jumping...
03:54
that high.
03:56
The previous world record was that high, so he's beaten it by that much.
04:01
And that's all from the news desk.
04:07
So you see...
04:09
Oh, thank you.
04:15
So you see, we're surrounded by numbers, and we can't live without them.
04:21
The thing is...
04:22
The other thing is that numbers are so simple to understand.
04:25
When you think that all numbers are made up of just ten digits.
04:28
One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, and nought.
04:32
And the man who thought of this system, whoever he was,
04:35
we don't know who he was,
04:36
we only know that he had ten fingers.
04:38
One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten.
04:42
And he devised this system so that he could count on his fingers.
04:46
And today we can count on our fingers,
04:48
unless, of course, we're wearing boxing gloves.
04:50
Or unless we have a pocket calculator.
04:54
Because today we have pocket calculators to make arithmetic simpler.
04:57
For instance, can somebody give me two numbers between one and ten?
05:01
Seven and nine.
05:02
Seven and nine.
05:04
Fine.
05:04
So if we want to multiply seven and nine on a pocket calculator,
05:08
you simply go, seven times nine equals...
05:12
Just get it out.
05:16
347.
05:16
You see, that's the trouble with a pocket calculator.
05:19
Once you put it in your pocket, it's useless.
05:21
That's why today we have, in the studio, over here,
05:25
in this cupboard, a pocket calculator designed.
05:28
Oh!
05:28
So that it won't fit in a pocket.
05:36
You see?
05:37
And we switch it on with the switch there.
05:38
And we don't have to count on our fingers.
05:42
With a seven...
05:43
Multiplying a seven times a nine,
05:45
we simply punch it up on the calculator.
05:47
Seven times nine.
05:49
And the little man inside counts up on his fingers.
05:52
And we get...
05:53
Equals 63.
05:54
You're working well, George.
05:58
Of course, it's not really a little man inside.
06:00
It couldn't be.
06:01
It's quite a big man.
06:04
Now, actually, the working brain of a calculator,
06:08
this one here and this little one here,
06:11
is about that big.
06:12
That's called a chip.
06:14
It costs about 50p to make, that's all.
06:16
And that's the brain that makes calculators work.
06:20
However, if George gets his fingers tangled up,
06:23
or his batteries go flat,
06:25
or his chips go cold,
06:26
we have over here...
06:30
This is the one.
06:32
A show of hands.
06:37
There we are.
06:38
We always keep these handy.
06:41
They're quite armless.
06:43
Hey!
06:44
Do you know where a general keeps his armies?
06:46
Up his sleeve is.
06:48
Thank you very much.
06:49
Now, did you know that you can make...
06:51
do multiplication sums on your fingers?
06:53
For instance, if you want to multiply 7 by 9,
06:56
you imagine each hand has got numbers on the fingers.
07:00
Hold your hands in front of you,
07:02
and just think that the little finger has got a 6 on it,
07:05
then a 7, 8, 9, to the thumb, which has a 10.
07:09
Right?
07:10
And you want to multiply 7 by 9.
07:12
Well, you make a 7 finger touch a 9 finger.
07:15
All right?
07:17
We've got a line to show that they're on a line.
07:19
You count those two fingers and all those below.
07:22
So it's 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
07:25
And you write the 6 down.
07:26
Then, you count all the fingers above those touching,
07:34
but you count them on each side.
07:36
There's 1 on that side,
07:37
and 1, 2, 3 on this side.
07:39
And you multiply those two numbers together.
07:41
1 times 3 equals...
07:43
3.
07:43
And the answer is 63,
07:48
which is the same answer we've got there.
07:50
Now, this only works with numbers between 6 and 10,
07:54
quite small numbers.
07:56
And people are usually happier with small numbers.
07:58
It's amazing how quickly one can get into very large numbers.
08:04
We have here a calendar.
08:06
It's February.
08:07
You can tell it's February because there are 28 days.
08:10
Do you know how many months I've got 30 days?
08:15
Everyone.
08:16
11.
08:17
Correct.
08:18
11 months I've got 30 days.
08:20
You've got to get up early if you want to get out of bed.
08:22
Now then.
08:23
On the 6th of February,
08:25
my doctor told me to take regular exercise for seven days running.
08:29
And then to skip a week.
08:33
Now, the reason we've got this calendar
08:35
is because we heard a story of a boy
08:37
whose school are going on an outing to the Silver Jubilee in June.
08:41
And he thought,
08:42
I'd better save up my money.
08:43
If I saved a penny a day,
08:45
I might have enough.
08:46
So he counted the days
08:47
and found it was 128 days
08:49
till the outing in June.
08:51
So that would only be,
08:52
how much?
08:53
£1.28.
08:54
Right.
08:55
Wouldn't be enough.
08:56
He'd need a fiver at least.
08:58
So he went to his dad.
08:59
Now, his dad worked on an airline.
09:01
He didn't work at an airport.
09:02
He worked at a garage.
09:03
And when a car came in with a flat tyre,
09:05
he got the airline
09:05
and put it out.
09:08
So he knew all about inflation.
09:11
And so did the boy.
09:12
Because he said,
09:12
Dad, would you give me a penny today,
09:14
being the 1st of February,
09:15
and top pence the next day,
09:16
and four pence the next day,
09:18
and eight pence the next day,
09:19
and so on,
09:20
so that I can save up for the Jubilee?
09:23
And his father thought,
09:24
it seems a good system.
09:26
He said,
09:26
all right,
09:27
I'll do it,
09:27
but I will only do it
09:28
to the end of February.
09:30
That's 28 days.
09:32
And the boy was a bit worried.
09:33
He thought,
09:33
oh,
09:33
I don't know if I'll have enough.
09:35
Do you think he would have enough
09:36
in 28 days?
09:36
Yes.
09:37
Do you think he'd have more?
09:39
Yes.
09:39
A lot more.
09:40
Well, we'll just see.
09:41
On the 1st day,
09:42
his father would have to give him a penny,
09:43
then top pence,
09:44
then four pence,
09:45
then eight pence,
09:46
then 16 pence.
09:47
He's not doing bad,
09:48
is he?
09:49
On the 6th,
09:50
he'd get 32 pence,
09:51
64 pence,
09:52
128 pence,
09:54
256 pence,
09:55
512 pence.
09:58
But it's only the 10th of February.
10:00
And 512 pence,
10:01
it's 5 pounds,
10:02
12 pence,
10:03
on that day alone.
10:04
And his father would already have given him
10:05
another 5 pounds
10:07
from the other days.
10:08
So he's got 10 pounds.
10:09
The next day,
10:10
another 10 pounds,
10:12
then 20 pounds,
10:13
then 40 pounds,
10:14
80 pounds,
10:15
160 pounds,
10:16
310 pounds,
10:17
640 pounds,
10:18
until by the 28th of February,
10:19
his father would have to give him,
10:21
on that day alone,
10:22
two and a half million pounds.
10:25
And he would already have given him
10:27
another 2 and a half million pounds
10:29
in bits from the other days.
10:31
And his father could think himself,
10:33
look,
10:33
it wasn't a leap year,
10:34
because on the next day,
10:35
the 29th,
10:35
he'd have to give him another
10:36
5 million pounds.
10:38
And if they carried on that system,
10:40
for the 128 days,
10:42
up to the outing,
10:43
the silver jubilee,
10:44
his father would have to give him
10:45
all these pounds.
10:47
and 27p.
10:59
Now let's face it,
11:00
if you had all that money to save,
11:02
you wouldn't need to save,
11:03
would you?
11:04
From something with a lot of numbers,
11:06
now to something with a lot
11:07
of letters.
11:09
I'm not the regular grave digger,
11:23
I'm not the regular grave digger,
11:37
I'm just filling in for somebody else.
11:39
This is a replica
11:43
of the Monmouth tombstone
11:45
to be found in the churchyard
11:47
of St. Mary the Virgin,
11:48
Monmouth, South Wales.
11:51
Covered in letters, you see.
11:53
All looks gibberish, doesn't it?
11:55
Unless you know how to read it.
11:57
For instance,
11:57
if you start with a H in the middle
11:58
and read across,
12:00
it says,
12:01
here lies
12:02
John Rennie.
12:05
Starting from the middle
12:06
and reading down,
12:07
it also says,
12:08
here lies
12:09
John Rennie.
12:11
If you read up from the middle,
12:12
it says,
12:13
here lies
12:14
whichever way you go.
12:16
John Rennie.
12:17
If you read across from the middle,
12:19
it says,
12:19
here lies
12:20
backwards.
12:21
John Rennie
12:22
upside down.
12:24
In fact,
12:25
it doesn't matter
12:25
which way you go.
12:26
If you start at the middle
12:27
and head for one of the corners,
12:28
even if you zigzag,
12:30
it says,
12:30
here
12:31
lies
12:33
John
12:35
Rennie.
12:37
How many ways
12:40
do you think it spells
12:41
here lies
12:42
John Rennie?
12:43
Any guesses?
12:45
The answer is
12:46
45,760 ways
12:50
of saying
12:51
here lies
12:52
John Rennie.
12:54
And that's not all lies.
12:56
That's a grave fact.
12:57
Thank you very much.
13:20
Thank you very much.
13:23
Any more tickets?
13:24
We've got one.
13:25
Lovely.
13:26
Any more?
13:27
There we are.
13:27
We've all got tickets.
13:29
We've all got tickets.
13:30
Yes,
13:30
that was quick.
13:31
I'm a lightning conductor.
13:34
Right-o.
13:35
Now,
13:35
I don't need a hat.
13:37
Have you ever been on a bus
13:38
and had a ticket
13:40
and started doodling?
13:42
Yes.
13:43
It's best to doodle
13:44
with a long ticket.
13:45
You can make an endless ticket.
13:46
Do you know how to make
13:47
an endless bus ticket?
13:49
Just fasten the two ends up
13:50
and you've got a hoop.
13:52
You have a lot of fun
13:52
with a couple of hoops.
13:53
Sort of hoop, hoop, hooray!
13:56
We gave some hoops
13:58
to the people on the back row
13:59
before we started.
14:00
We've all got a couple of hoopsies.
14:01
Could you all throw them to me, please?
14:03
Ready?
14:03
One, two, three, throw!
14:08
Hoops.
14:10
Now,
14:11
some people over here
14:12
have got hoops.
14:13
Could you throw yours?
14:14
One, two, three, throw!
14:16
Hey!
14:17
There's one!
14:17
Oh!
14:18
Look at one.
14:20
Smashing.
14:21
See, all you need
14:21
is two hoops
14:22
and a drinking straw
14:23
and you can make a glider.
14:25
Let's get this one as well.
14:27
You make a glider
14:27
that has got the advantage
14:30
of flying straight,
14:32
I think.
14:33
Well, nearly straight.
14:35
Thank you very much.
14:40
Get the hoops now.
14:42
You've got your strip of ticket.
14:43
Now,
14:44
can anyone make
14:46
a five-sided flat figure
14:48
with a piece of ticket?
14:50
A pentagon.
14:51
A five-sided flat figure.
14:54
Have a try.
14:55
It's very difficult
14:55
if you don't know how to do it.
14:57
But if you know how to do it,
14:58
it's easy.
14:59
And I know how to do it
15:00
because I read it in a book.
15:02
So I've wangled it.
15:03
Anybody?
15:04
Let me show you.
15:05
All you do
15:05
is just tie it in a knot.
15:09
Right over there.
15:12
Pull the end through.
15:13
And you have to do it gently
15:14
and then squash it flat, slowly.
15:17
And you find
15:20
on a good day
15:22
that you make
15:24
a pentagon.
15:25
Not a polygon.
15:26
That's a dead parrot.
15:29
Pentagon.
15:31
Five-sided.
15:32
That's right.
15:32
And if you fold
15:34
one other side
15:35
round the back
15:36
and hold it up
15:37
to a strong light,
15:40
you see something else?
15:42
We've got one
15:43
just over here.
15:45
Have a look.
15:46
There we are.
15:53
There we are.
15:55
There's your pentagon.
15:57
Looking through it,
15:58
you can see
15:58
a five-pointed star.
16:02
It's a pentangle.
16:06
It's amazing.
16:08
With just a little bit
16:09
of ticket.
16:09
Now,
16:12
we started
16:13
into paper folding.
16:15
And once you start
16:16
in paper folding,
16:17
you never know
16:18
where it's going to lead next.
16:19
This is a flexagon.
16:21
It's a hexaflexagon.
16:22
It's got six sides.
16:24
One side,
16:25
two sides.
16:26
That's mark three.
16:27
That's mark six.
16:30
That's mark one.
16:33
Hang on.
16:34
Can't find my way through there.
16:35
Six sides.
16:36
And that's made
16:37
with a straight strip of paper.
16:38
You could have made that
16:39
with the bus tickets
16:40
you've got in your hand.
16:41
This is a three-dimensional one.
16:45
And it's...
16:46
I'll turn it that way.
16:47
And it opens up
16:48
like a kaleidoscope.
16:55
Isn't that amazing?
16:56
There you are.
16:57
Have a look at that.
16:59
Now,
16:59
once you're starting
17:00
paper folding,
17:02
as I say,
17:02
you never know
17:03
where it's going to lead
17:03
because it's used
17:04
in industry.
17:07
Frequently used in industry.
17:09
for packaging.
17:11
I've got something here.
17:12
Watch this.
17:14
It's a round ball.
17:15
Look at that.
17:17
And we've got
17:18
a pyramid here.
17:19
Can you come down here?
17:21
And stand there.
17:22
Could you
17:22
pull this out?
17:24
Can I have
17:25
me elastic band?
17:26
Yes.
17:26
And don't let go
17:27
the pyramid.
17:28
I've got something else.
17:30
Now,
17:31
that's perfectly flat.
17:33
What do you think
17:33
is going to be inside?
17:35
Watch it.
17:35
Don't let go.
17:40
Look at that.
17:41
A liner
17:42
or a cargo ship
17:44
with a crane
17:44
that works.
17:47
With another crane
17:48
at the back
17:48
that works.
17:48
There's even furniture
17:49
inside.
17:50
There's a bridge,
17:51
a mast,
17:52
everything that a ship's got.
17:54
And it all folds
17:55
absolutely flat.
18:00
Don't open the pyramid.
18:03
Go on,
18:03
then.
18:03
Open the pyramid.
18:04
Oh,
18:09
well,
18:09
while you're
18:10
putting all those back,
18:11
we'll have a look
18:14
at just one pyramid.
18:24
This is the
18:25
Great Pyramid
18:26
of Giza,
18:27
built in Egypt
18:28
by the ancient Egyptians.
18:30
The ancient Egyptians
18:31
were the first people
18:32
to understand deeply
18:34
some of the more
18:35
involved concepts
18:36
of mathematics.
18:38
In fact,
18:39
some of the things
18:39
they understood
18:40
we still don't
18:41
quite understand today.
18:44
This pyramid
18:45
is well over
18:46
100 metres high.
18:49
And there is more stone
18:50
in this one pyramid
18:52
than in all the cathedrals,
18:54
churches and chapels
18:55
built in Great Britain
18:56
in the last 2,000 years.
19:01
In the middle of the pyramid
19:02
there's quite a small chamber.
19:05
When it was opened up
19:07
they discovered
19:07
that the things
19:08
inside that chamber
19:09
have been preserved
19:10
for much longer
19:11
than anyone
19:12
could have believed.
19:15
In recent times
19:17
men have built
19:18
copies,
19:20
scale models
19:21
of this pyramid
19:21
and they've put
19:23
things inside them
19:25
in the same position
19:26
as the chamber
19:27
inside this pyramid.
19:28
About one third
19:29
of the way up
19:30
in the middle.
19:31
And they found
19:32
that things like
19:33
liver,
19:33
eggs,
19:34
all kinds of food
19:34
have preserved themselves
19:36
for much longer
19:37
than is normal.
19:39
And in 1959
19:40
a man in Czechoslovakia
19:42
built quite a small
19:43
model of this pyramid.
19:46
Placed it with one edge
19:47
pointing north
19:48
and inside
19:50
a third of the way up
19:51
he placed a razor blade
19:53
with the edge
19:54
on a line
19:54
from west to east.
19:57
And he was amazed
19:57
to discover
19:58
that the razor blade
19:59
sharpened itself.
20:05
While we're in Egypt
20:06
here's another
20:07
Egyptian picture.
20:12
This picture,
20:14
an ancient Egyptian picture
20:15
was painted
20:16
by an ancient Egyptian.
20:17
Do you notice
20:20
anything strange
20:20
about the people?
20:22
They're flat.
20:23
They're all standing
20:24
with their feet like that,
20:25
their arms like that,
20:26
they're all facing that way,
20:27
but their shoulders
20:28
are turned that way.
20:31
It's impossible.
20:32
Come and stand there.
20:33
You can come.
20:34
And you.
20:34
Can you come and help?
20:36
Try and stand like that.
20:38
Can you stand on this line?
20:39
You stand over there
20:40
and you stand there.
20:41
What's your name?
20:41
Helen.
20:42
Helen.
20:42
Helen.
20:43
And you're?
20:43
You're Mohammed.
20:44
Okay.
20:45
Fine.
20:46
Stand like that.
20:47
Now put your hands
20:48
like that.
20:49
Can you see?
20:50
And then,
20:50
face that way
20:51
and at the last minute
20:53
turn your shoulders
20:53
facing the camera.
20:56
You fall over.
20:58
Oh, you don't.
20:58
You must be Egyptian.
20:59
I'm Egyptian.
21:00
I brought your mummy
21:01
with you.
21:02
Ha!
21:03
That was very good.
21:05
The picture, you see,
21:06
is painted in two dimensions only.
21:08
It's got height,
21:08
it's got width,
21:09
it's got no depth.
21:10
It's flat.
21:10
And all the people
21:12
are standing flat.
21:13
Can you imagine
21:14
what it would be like
21:14
living in a flat world
21:16
where the world
21:17
and everything in it
21:18
was flat.
21:19
Come with me.
21:20
Come with me.
21:28
In 1907,
21:30
a man called Hinton
21:31
wrote a book
21:32
and it was all about
21:33
a flat world.
21:35
It was a round world,
21:36
but it wasn't round
21:37
in that direction
21:38
as our world is.
21:39
It was flat
21:40
and all the people
21:41
were flat
21:43
and they lived
21:44
on the edge
21:45
like that.
21:46
It was a big world,
21:47
of course,
21:48
and they lived
21:49
like that.
21:52
But he found
21:53
it was extraordinary
21:54
living in a flat world
21:55
because
21:56
if you imagine
21:57
you're flat
21:57
facing that way,
21:59
you can't turn
22:00
and face that way
22:01
because your nose
22:02
has to come out
22:03
to go back.
22:04
So whatever way
22:06
you're facing
22:07
when you're born,
22:08
that's the way
22:09
you're going to stay
22:09
for the rest of your life.
22:11
Problem, wasn't it?
22:12
So what he did,
22:13
he had all the men
22:13
facing that way
22:14
and all the women
22:15
facing that way
22:15
and that solved
22:17
quite a few problems.
22:19
It didn't solve
22:21
this problem.
22:22
How do they pass
22:23
each other?
22:24
You see,
22:24
one can't get out
22:25
of the way
22:26
to let the other
22:26
one go past.
22:28
So what they had to do
22:29
is they had to
22:29
climb over each other.
22:31
So he made a law
22:32
that would be courtesy
22:33
for men to lie down
22:35
and the women
22:35
used to trample over them.
22:37
Which is really
22:38
what happens today,
22:39
isn't it, fellas?
22:40
The other amazing thing,
22:42
think about this.
22:43
Once you're going
22:44
in one direction,
22:45
you've got to come back,
22:47
backwards,
22:48
without looking
22:49
where you're going.
22:50
You'd always be
22:50
bumping into people.
22:51
Boom!
22:52
Oh, I'm terribly sorry,
22:53
I wasn't watching
22:53
where I was coming back from.
22:56
And the other fellow
22:56
would say,
22:57
oh, you're always doing that,
22:58
you get my back up.
22:59
I beg your pardon?
23:00
Back up!
23:01
Oh, right.
23:01
Boom!
23:02
Oh, sorry,
23:02
I wasn't watching
23:03
where I was going back from.
23:04
They'd be bumping
23:04
into each other
23:05
all the time.
23:06
What about the houses?
23:07
Well, they wouldn't live
23:07
in houses,
23:07
they'd live in flats,
23:08
wouldn't they?
23:10
But the doors,
23:11
you see,
23:12
the doors couldn't open
23:12
like that,
23:13
so the doors
23:13
would have to hinge
23:14
up and down,
23:15
like that.
23:16
But just think,
23:17
if somebody opened
23:18
the front door
23:18
at the same time
23:19
that somebody opened
23:19
the back door,
23:20
the house would fall down.
23:22
So it'd be an amazing world
23:24
of narrow-minded people
23:25
and flat-footed people
23:27
all bending over backwards
23:28
and clambering over each other
23:29
and saying things like,
23:30
you scratch my back
23:31
and I'll scratch your front.
23:33
Luckily,
23:34
we today live
23:35
in a three-dimensional world
23:36
and we now have
23:38
three-dimensional pictures.
23:40
here is a glass plate.
23:47
It's ordinary glass
23:48
in a frame.
23:53
But watch what happens
23:54
to the glass
23:55
when I shine
23:56
some light onto it.
23:58
The light is coming
23:59
from this
24:00
because this
24:01
is a ray gun.
24:03
It's called
24:07
a laser
24:07
and it produces
24:09
very, very strong light
24:11
and it shines it
24:12
in a very, very thin beam.
24:15
We've got a lens
24:16
at the end here
24:17
which fans the light out.
24:20
There it is.
24:22
It's shining on my hand.
24:24
And it's not hot.
24:25
Some lasers are very hot
24:26
but this one
24:27
isn't as hot
24:28
as a light bulb.
24:29
It's quite cool.
24:31
And look
24:32
what happens
24:33
to the plate
24:33
when the light
24:35
shines onto it.
24:41
That's a picture
24:42
of a glass apple.
24:44
But it's not
24:49
a flat picture.
24:50
It's three-dimensional.
24:53
As the camera
24:54
moves around
24:55
you can see
24:57
that we're seeing
24:57
another side
24:58
to the apple.
25:06
Now the image
25:07
isn't coming
25:08
along the ray
25:09
of light
25:10
like a cinema projector.
25:12
The image
25:13
like a photograph
25:14
is on the glass plate.
25:18
As the camera
25:18
moves up and down
25:19
you can see
25:21
if it moves up
25:23
you can see
25:24
more of the top.
25:27
A three-dimensional
25:28
picture.
25:31
I've got another one here.
25:33
Let's take this one out.
25:38
Let me show you
25:38
another one.
25:43
This one
25:44
has been very
25:48
skullfully done.
25:57
Have a look.
26:03
It's a skull.
26:04
I wonder if it's
26:05
John Rennie
26:05
picture on a flat
26:07
plate
26:07
in three
26:08
dimensions.
26:11
It's called
26:12
a hologram.
26:14
And this science
26:15
is called
26:16
holography.
26:17
And it's
26:18
very new.
26:20
But who knows
26:21
one day
26:21
we might have
26:22
three-dimensional
26:23
television.
26:25
Can you imagine
26:25
what that will mean?
26:26
After you watch
26:27
Basil Brush
26:27
you'll have to sweep
26:28
up all the fox hairs
26:29
off the sofa.
26:30
Well,
26:32
anybody fancy
26:32
another game
26:33
of bingo?
26:34
Yes!
26:35
Yes!
26:36
I see.
26:37
You don't mind
26:38
do you?
26:39
We started
26:39
with numbers
26:40
so let's
26:41
finish with
26:41
some numbers.
26:43
Could you
26:44
hold the pad
26:44
please?
26:46
And there's
26:46
a pen.
26:48
And
26:48
you take
26:50
a handful
26:50
of bingo
26:51
numbers.
26:52
Fairly big
26:53
handful.
26:54
Oh,
26:54
I'm sure
26:54
you've got
26:55
enough there.
26:56
Now I can't
26:56
tell possibly
26:57
how many
26:58
numbers you've
26:58
got.
26:59
So can I
26:59
ask you
27:00
to put
27:01
some back?
27:02
Yes.
27:03
There you are.
27:05
I've no idea
27:06
how many you've
27:06
got.
27:06
So could you
27:07
count them
27:07
up please?
27:10
Just count
27:10
them up.
27:11
And could you
27:11
write the number
27:12
on the pad
27:12
so the people
27:13
at home can
27:14
see how many
27:15
you've got?
27:18
Is it a
27:18
two-figure
27:19
number?
27:20
Yes.
27:21
Right.
27:22
Add the
27:23
digits.
27:23
For instance
27:24
if it was
27:24
34 you would
27:25
add 3 and
27:26
4 and get
27:26
7.
27:28
Have you
27:29
done that?
27:29
Yes.
27:30
And that
27:30
new number
27:31
put that
27:32
number of
27:32
counters
27:32
back in
27:33
the back.
27:37
Done it.
27:38
All right.
27:39
Now
27:39
the ones you've
27:40
got left
27:40
put some
27:41
in one
27:41
hand
27:41
and some
27:42
in the
27:42
other
27:42
hand
27:43
and close
27:44
both
27:44
hands
27:44
tight
27:45
and turn
27:47
the pad
27:47
over so
27:48
that I
27:48
can't
27:48
see it.
27:50
I hope
27:51
this works.
27:52
Yes.
27:52
Have you
27:53
done that?
27:53
No.
27:54
Which hand
27:55
would you like
27:55
me to guess?
27:55
This one.
27:56
How many
27:57
are in
27:57
that hand?
27:57
Three.
27:58
So in
27:59
that hand
27:59
there must
27:59
be
28:00
six.
28:01
Yes.
28:02
That's right.
28:03
Round of
28:03
applause.
28:05
Thank you very
28:05
much.
28:13
If you'd like
28:14
to know
28:15
how that
28:16
trick is
28:17
done
28:17
drop me
28:18
a line.
28:18
Johnny Ball
28:18
think of a
28:19
number
28:19
BBC
28:19
London
28:20
and we'll
28:21
try and
28:21
explain.
28:22
But please
28:23
put a
28:23
six and a
28:24
half
28:24
any
28:24
stamp
28:24
and an
28:25
envelope
28:25
inside.
28:26
Because you
28:26
see if I
28:26
had to
28:27
buy
28:27
one six
28:28
and a
28:28
half
28:28
any
28:28
stamp
28:28
today
28:29
two six
28:29
and a
28:29
half
28:30
any
28:30
stamps
28:30
tomorrow
28:30
and four
28:31
six and
28:31
a half
28:31
any
28:31
stamps
28:32
the next
28:32
day
28:32
and eight
28:32
six and
28:33
a half
28:33
any
28:33
stamps
28:33
oh my
28:35
wages
28:35
would have
28:35
gone.
28:36
Alright.
28:37
We started
28:37
with numbers
28:38
and we
28:39
finished
28:39
with numbers
28:40
and the
28:40
amazing
28:41
thing is
28:41
with numbers
28:42
you can
28:43
prove
28:43
just about
28:44
anything.
28:45
For
28:45
instance
28:45
this
28:46
program
28:47
was
28:47
recorded
28:48
in
28:48
Manchester
28:49
wasn't
28:49
it?
28:50
Yes.
28:50
We're not
28:51
in Birmingham
28:51
are we?
28:52
No.
28:53
We're not
28:53
in Bristol
28:54
are we?
28:54
No.
28:55
We're not
28:56
in Glasgow
28:56
are we?
28:57
No.
28:58
So if we're
28:58
not in
28:58
Birmingham
28:59
not in
28:59
Bristol
28:59
not in
29:00
Glasgow
29:00
we must
29:00
be
29:01
somewhere
29:01
else
29:01
wasn't
29:01
we?
29:02
Yes.
29:03
And if
29:03
we're
29:03
somewhere
29:03
else
29:04
we can't
29:05
be
29:05
here.
29:06
Goodbye.
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Think of a Number 1978 Complete - Johnny Ball Show
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