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00:30Hello and welcome to Think of a Number. You. Think of a number between one and ten. Seven. Seven. One, two, three, four, five, six. Seven. Oh, it's you. Well, I'm Johnny Ball and your name is? Jane. Jane? Llewellyn. Jane Llewellyn. Okay. Have you ever met me before? And how do you know it's me? Well, you do. Have you seen the programme before? Yeah. Good. Now, I've never met you before.
00:59But now I know you. Jane Llewellyn. I'll never forget that name. Okay. Promise. Now then, what I want you to do is don't think of a number. Think of an eye. Double it. Two eyes. A tinted glasses. A big nose. A completely bald head. And a lollipop. And the answer is?
01:15Kojak. Kojak. Of course. Kojak is instantly recognisable. And over here, we've got a lot more instantly recognisable faces.
01:25Look at him. Oh, there's two Hitlers sitting together there. Two Jimmy Carters and a Maggie Thatcher. Oh, hello. How are you? All right? And Jimmy Carter there.
01:38And all in... Oh, and Miss Piggy. Hermie, my love. All instantly recognisable faces.
01:45Whereas, over here, we have faces that we don't recognise. All strangers. Hang on. Jane Llewellyn, isn't it?
01:54Oh, I always said I remember you. Fine. But the rest of you, we don't know. So you must tell us who you are.
02:00I want you to put the plastic on your head. On your forehead. And write your name with the other hand.
02:05Right. Away you go.
02:11And amazing. Quite a lot of you are writing backwards.
02:15So, Kojak, let's have a look at this.
02:17Tracy. And look. It's upside down as well.
02:21Tracy. Backwards.
02:24Did you know you could write backwards? No.
02:26Well, there you are.
02:27Well, although they couldn't see it, they wrote it so that it was readable from the way their face was pointing.
02:35Because we see everything in the world through our faces.
02:38And that's what this programme is all about.
02:40The fantastic human face.
02:42Oh, did you count all those faces?
03:01No, of course they didn't. Because they came along very fast.
03:04But actually, there were about 120 faces.
03:07All different.
03:08And yet, they were all the same.
03:10Because they all had two eyes, a nose, and a mouth.
03:13And when you think about it, it's not just human beings, but animals, fish, birds, and most insects.
03:18I've got the same set up with regards to the face.
03:21Eyes, nose, and a mouth.
03:23Why?
03:24Why have we all got the same sort of thing?
03:26Well, the reason is Mother Nature has decided it's a good system.
03:30But hang on, we're pretty clever these days, so why can't we think up a better system?
03:35Take this chap over here.
03:38Pretty ordinary sort of fella.
03:41Sort of fella you'd see at the disco.
03:43A bit boring, really.
03:44Now, why does his face have to be like that?
03:46Why can't it be, um, the other way up?
03:51Now, that's no good, because every time it rained, it'd go down his nose and he'd flood.
03:55Put it back.
03:56What about the eyes?
03:58Two eyes.
03:58Why do we need two eyes?
03:59Why don't we have one there, and one at the back?
04:02And one here as well.
04:03There you are.
04:04Now you can see whether he's coming or going.
04:07Better still, have an eye on the end of your finger.
04:09Then you can look all the way around without getting a crick in your neck.
04:12You can also see how much change you've got in your pocket.
04:15It's a thought, isn't it?
04:16You must change things.
04:17Your nose there.
04:19I mean, why does it have to be there, in the middle of your face?
04:22Because it's the centre.
04:23Why can't it be where you want it?
04:25If you're a detective, you might want your nose at the end of your foot, and you can sniff around for clues.
04:30You wouldn't need a bloodhound, and you'd always know when your socks needed to change it.
04:34Why have a nose at all?
04:37Why not have a trunk?
04:42Why not?
04:42Handy for drinking soup.
04:44And if you're eating fish and chips with your hands, you could reach for the bread with your trunk.
04:47What about a mouth?
04:49Why does it have to be there?
04:50I mean, you put the food in, and then you have to swallow it, and it goes all the way down here before it gets to your stomach.
04:55Why don't you cut all that out, and put the mouth in your tongue?
04:58Bloop, bloop, bloop, bloop, bloop.
05:00That way, you can scrape the food straight in off the plate.
05:04You could.
05:05And if you go up late in the morning, you could stick some sandwiches up your jumper, and eat some on the way to school.
05:09Of course, we can't change the human face.
05:14I know I've changed that one, but we can't change it, because it's a very good design.
05:20Mother Nature did a wonderful job.
05:21So let's have a closer look at the human face.
05:32A man's head is one-seventh of his height, usually.
05:36I'm five foot ten inches tall, and my head is ten inches.
05:39Just think, another two inches, and my head will be a foot.
05:41The female head is about four-fifths the size of the male head, but that doesn't mean there's any loss in intelligence.
05:50The face is hung on the front of the skull, and comprises of fourteen bones, with thirteen holes.
05:58The eyes, one, two.
06:00The ears, three, four.
06:01The nostrils, five, six.
06:02And the mouth, seven.
06:02There are six other holes, here, here, and here.
06:08And through these, the nerves pass to the brain.
06:12The skin of the face contains two kinds of glands.
06:15Sweat glands, and sebaceous glands.
06:18And the sebaceous glands exude a sticky sort of goo, called sebum.
06:23This makes the nose greasy.
06:26It also produces mother's milk for the baby, and insect-proof wax in the ears.
06:32Together with the eyes, nose, and the mouth, they have fatty tissue in the cheeks, and springy tissue in the nose.
06:38And all these together combine to make your features, and make each one of us individual and unmistakable.
06:48Does anybody know who this is?
07:12Anybody at all?
07:14Well, a bit young, but it's Abraham Lincoln.
07:17And if you haven't seen a picture of Abraham Lincoln, well, there he is, ex-president of the United States.
07:24Once you've seen that, you may be able to recognise his face, especially if you squint.
07:32Can you?
07:32You need to be quite a way away.
07:35The amazing thing is, there's no mouth, no nose, and no eyes.
07:40But if you look for a while, you suddenly can see the face.
07:44Which shows that what you're seeing, and how you recognise people, is by joining or interconnecting all their features to make one picture.
07:56Abraham Lincoln's face.
07:58Now, we've all got faces, and they're very, very versatile.
08:01So, I'm going to ask you lot here, to pull faces.
08:06Are you ready?
08:08Ready?
08:08Now, pull faces, really excruciating men.
08:10Don't use your hands.
08:12Really screw them up.
08:13Or make pretty faces, if you like.
08:15Or ugly faces, or tired faces, or yawny faces, or laughing faces.
08:19Go on.
08:21There's a fellow swallowed his nose there.
08:23Now, you may have noticed there are pulling faces there.
08:27Some of them better than others.
08:28And probably you noticed that the boys were pulling much more extravagant faces than the girls.
08:33The reason is, the male uses his face for much more expression than the female.
08:38In fact, it's believed that the beauty that we see in women is there actually because of the immobility of the face.
08:48Now, all women would like to be beautiful.
08:50And to this end, a whole industry has sprung up.
08:53The industry of make-up, or cosmetics.
08:56Can we have our helpers, please?
09:04Right, son.
09:05Can you grab the end of your chairs?
09:07You sit here.
09:07Can you come over here and grab your chair?
09:10I'll put mine down here.
09:12Lovely.
09:13Now, this is Teresa, who's our make-up lady.
09:16And she's very good.
09:17She even makes me look human.
09:19So, I want you to look at this.
09:22You see, make-up goes back for many, many thousands of years.
09:26But it was the Egyptians who first used make-up to make themselves look attractive, rather in the way we use make-up today.
09:34So, do you think you could copy that?
09:36Teresa will help you.
09:38Remember the eyes.
09:39And we've got a wig for you to put on later.
09:41Okay.
09:42So, away you go.
09:43And see if you can copy that make-up.
09:45Right?
09:46Now.
09:47Oh, you've started already.
09:49Here, don't worry.
09:50Carry on.
09:50Here's a picture of a clown.
09:52You see, make-up is used in the theatre.
09:54And no more than by a clown.
09:56Because he usually covers his face in make-up.
09:58So, you try, with Teresa's help, to make yourself into a clown.
10:03And pay special attention to the eyes on the mouth.
10:07You've got to work if you come on this show.
10:09All right?
10:10Fill in the gaps.
10:10Enjoy yourself.
10:11Okay.
10:12Now.
10:14Besides make-up, people use other adornments to make themselves more attractive, more beautiful.
10:20Some people are short-sighted and wear glasses.
10:23But many people wear glasses for attractive reasons, you see.
10:28And it attracts people to their eyes.
10:31Because you send lots of messages with your eyes.
10:33Similarly, jewellery is used.
10:35You see.
10:36And people use all kinds of things like earrings.
10:41Fellas wear earrings.
10:43Perhaps not like this, but they do.
10:44Aren't they?
10:46Now.
10:47With all this movement and flashing.
10:49You see, you get a feeling of movement with the face.
10:51Which makes the face itself seem all the more still.
10:55And enhances the beauty.
10:56And that, I believe, is why women do it.
10:59The hair.
11:01Long-flowing hair.
11:02Improved the looks.
11:04And some people use wigs.
11:05In Jacobean times, they went a bit overboard with the wigs.
11:09I can't even see which way it goes on.
11:11Oh, here we are.
11:13So there you are.
11:15What did they give me now?
11:17Yes.
11:18It doesn't do much for me, does it?
11:20No.
11:21But then I'm not feminine.
11:22Am I?
11:23Well, don't take a boat on it.
11:25Now, all these things, the make-up and the adornments, are to add to the attractiveness.
11:33But women have been attractive for centuries.
11:35And there's one face that has been an attraction and a puzzle for 400 years.
11:43And there's one face that has been an attraction and a puzzle for 400 years.
11:55And there's one face that has been an attraction and a puzzle for 400 years.
11:56This is a picture of...
11:57The Mona Lisa.
11:59The Mona Lisa.
12:00Well, it's not, actually.
12:02No.
12:03Neither is that, that, that, or that.
12:08And neither is that, and neither are any of those.
12:12But this...
12:14Is the Mona Lisa.
12:18Or at least a copy of the picture that is hanging in the Louvre in Paris
12:22and was painted by Leonardo da Vinci between 1503 and 1513.
12:28But is it a picture?
12:30Because this one here is owned by a consortium in Switzerland.
12:34And it's been tested by experts and found to contain fingerprints and brushstrokes of Leonardo.
12:41So it was definitely painted by him.
12:44But so was this one.
12:46So did he paint two?
12:47Or was it more than two?
12:48In 1952, a survey was carried out,
12:51and they found that there were more than 70 old Mona Lisas dotted about the world.
12:56There's one man in Italy painted over 300 himself.
13:00So the question isn't which.
13:02It's why.
13:03What is the attraction in this face that makes so many people want to copy it?
13:09Well, she's called La Gioconda, or the Smiler.
13:12And people believe it's because of that smile.
13:15If it is a smile, that expression.
13:18They believe it could mean absolutely anything.
13:21Personally, I think she may have been a bit miserable on the day it was painted.
13:26And so Leonardo decided to cheer her up and gave her a smirk.
13:29Let's go and have a look and see how our make-up artists are getting on.
13:34This is incredible.
13:40Ah, turn around.
13:42Face that way.
13:43Look at her.
13:44Even your own mummy wouldn't recognise it.
13:47How do you feel in that?
13:48Do you feel comfortable?
13:49Yeah.
13:50Would you wear that out?
13:51No.
13:52No?
13:52What do you think your boyfriend would think of it?
13:54I haven't got a boyfriend.
13:55You haven't got a boyfriend?
13:56You might get a boyfriend if you dress like that.
13:58You don't know.
14:00It's terrific.
14:00You see how the eyes are made up?
14:01It's to add the attractiveness to the eyes.
14:04Because you send all the personal messages with your eyes.
14:07It's not as much what you say as the way you use your eyes.
14:10Let's have a look at our clown.
14:13Turn around.
14:14Wahey!
14:15That's terrific, isn't it?
14:16Do you feel cheerful?
14:17Yeah.
14:18Or silly?
14:19Silly.
14:20Do you feel silly?
14:21Is it sticky?
14:22Yeah.
14:23Yes.
14:24Do you think you'd be a clown?
14:25No.
14:26No?
14:27Have a look at the clown.
14:28Look at his eyes.
14:29They're made up like that.
14:30Not to look happy, but to look sad.
14:34To ask for your sympathy.
14:36And the big, broad smile, it say, please like me.
14:40Do you like him?
14:41No.
14:42No.
14:43Thanks very much.
14:43Give them a round of applause, because they've done ever so well.
14:46It's terrific.
14:47Do you want to go and sit down?
14:54Now, that clown, I put all that make-up on to say just one thing.
14:58Please like me.
14:59It's a bit silly, really, when you consider that the face can say that in so many different
15:03ways, because the face is very, very versatile.
15:06Now, all the information that the body receives, with the exception of touch, is received through
15:15the face.
15:17Sometimes we're in a position where we can't use our limbs.
15:20When a spaceship is blasted off on Earth, the spaceman is clamped down in his seat with the G-force.
15:28And he can't move his limbs for the first few seconds of the flight.
15:31And they're very vital.
15:32He could be operating very vital machinery.
15:34The Americans thought, hang on, perhaps he can use his eyes, because his eyes will still
15:40move.
15:41So they devised a system whereby a light shone in his eye.
15:44And all they had to do was look at a switch, and it would switch on.
15:47Look at another one, and it would switch on.
15:49So they tried the system.
15:50Do you think it worked?
15:51No.
15:53Well, come and have a look.
15:54I want you all to look at this Mona Lisa here.
15:58Now, look at it.
15:59Look at it.
16:00Do not look at me.
16:02You're looking at me.
16:05Don't look at me.
16:05Look at the Mona Lisa.
16:06Somebody else looking at me.
16:08Yes, you're looking at me.
16:10Don't look at me.
16:11You're looking at me.
16:12You see, and eventually, all of you start to look at me.
16:14Well, some of you are very good.
16:15But they found that with the spaceman, it just didn't work, because the spacemen were
16:20looking all over the place and switching switches up everywhere.
16:23So it didn't work.
16:24However, the face contains the most sensitive part of the body, which is the mouth.
16:31And people have found they can be very, very clever with their mouths.
16:37Musicians, for instance.
16:40Disabled people can now paint beautiful pictures holding the paintbrush in their mouths.
16:45They can also operate machinery and typewriters with their mouths.
16:49And there's now been developed a mouth-operated car.
17:01Musicians, for instance.
17:31It's an ordinary tobacco pipe mouthpiece.
17:33There is a dead man's handle, which I had here, you see.
17:35If I release that, it stops anyway.
17:37And I needed that.
17:38Because, just like a car, it needs time to learn to operate it correctly.
17:44But it can be operated absolutely like a car.
17:47For instance, it's got all the things.
17:48It's got, hang on.
17:51Left indicator.
17:52Let's find the left indicator there.
17:56Right indicator.
17:58Oh, that's the lights.
17:59But it's got lights as well, you see.
18:01It's got a horn.
18:01And it can all be operated according to these instructions.
18:07It's been built for a lady who lives in Switzerland.
18:10And she's paralyzed from the neck downwards.
18:12And she's already very, very proficient at this.
18:15She can type using this kind of mouthpiece.
18:18With just two kinds of suck and two kinds of blow.
18:21And she can operate a 48-key typewriter to up to 30 words a minute.
18:27So, she will find this car an absolute doddle.
18:30It's still in its experimental stage.
18:32But when she gets it, she'll be able to drive it around her house,
18:35around her neighborhood.
18:36And it's hoped around the streets of Switzerland.
18:39And it's thanks to this car that she'll be able to lead a much fuller life.
18:44Relying solely on the communication center of the body.
18:48The human face.
18:52So, let's have a facial trick.
18:55I've got a clock face here.
18:58With some coin faces.
19:0012 coins all face up or head up.
19:03Okay.
19:04What I want you to do is to turn over any six of those coins.
19:10Any six you like.
19:11Just turn them over.
19:16Make sure it's six.
19:18Yeah.
19:20Okay.
19:20Yeah.
19:21Right.
19:21Now, turn some more over for me.
19:23If you've turned it already, then you'll have to turn it again.
19:26Turn numbers one.
19:30Four.
19:32Five.
19:34Eight.
19:36Nine.
19:37And ten.
19:41Okay?
19:42Yeah.
19:42Now, count the heads.
19:46How many?
19:47Six.
19:47Six.
19:48Six.
19:48Oh.
19:49That's just half.
19:50Right.
19:51I'm going to divide the coins into two piles.
19:55And there will be three heads and three tails in each pile.
19:58Okay?
19:59Take these coins and just slide them into the middle of the clock.
20:03The coins that say five, two, six.
20:10Right?
20:11Yeah.
20:11The coins that say three o'clock.
20:14Yeah.
20:20And the coins that say ten past seven.
20:25We done that?
20:27Yeah.
20:27And if we look, is that right?
20:30Three heads there and three heads on the outside.
20:33If you'd like to know how that's done, and it's really very simple to do if you know how,
20:37drop me a line.
20:37Now, I'd like to leave you with this thought.
20:40In Bolivia, the Kachua Indians have a very strange outlook on life.
20:45They believe that your past, you can see, because you can remember it.
20:50If you can see it, you must be in front of you.
20:52The future, you can't see, so it must be behind you.
20:55So they believe that we're all backing slowly through life, and experiences are passing us
21:02and coming into view, which is a new way of facing up to things.
21:07If you're facing this way next week, we'll be facing you with another Think of a Number.
21:11Till then, goodbye.
21:12Looks really skindy, you know.
21:23APPLAUSE
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