100 Events from the Past That Shaped Our History

KirTop Top 100

From a 3,500-year-old “Marge Simpson” sarcophagus to ancient calendars, lost cities, eerie mummies, and alien theories, history is full of surprises. Join Kir Top for a whirlwind tour of astonishing discoveries and mysteries that still spark debate. Which story will surprise you most?  Subscribe for more fascinating history! Comment below and tell us what you liked most! #History #Archaeology #Mystery  👉 This channel was created in collaboration with https://www.youtube.com/@kirtop-100samyh  0:00:00 - Ancient Discoveries and Historical Mysteries 0:10:23 - Ancient Civilizations and Their Beliefs 0:20:24 - Temples, Ruins, and Ancient Technologies 0:31:21 - Legends, Lost Places, and Remarkable Finds 0:42:01 - Unusual Artifacts and Human Stories 0:51:31 - Manuscripts, Engineering, and Archaeology 1:02:25 - Ancient Relics and Extraordinary Lives 1:11:48 - Everyday History and Cultural Mysteries  We're now available on Spotify! Listen now https://open.spotify.com/show/03446rMw7NEQKZvD764T3X

Transcript

00:00:00I'm Kurt Up and these are 100 events from the past that influenced our history.

00:00:08An Egyptian sarcophagus and the Simpsons Archaeologists in an Egyptian tomb discovered

00:00:14something unique, a 3500 year old sarcophagus with an image of Marge Simpson from the popular

00:00:20modern animated series.

00:00:22On the lid of the sarcophagus there is an image of a woman with yellow skin, in a green

00:00:26dress and with a blue crown resembling Marge's famous hairstyle.

00:00:30But in reality, the sarcophagus belongs to the new kingdom and depicts the goddess Nut.

00:00:36The tomb belonged to a 16 year old girl whose parents probably didn't have much money.

00:00:41However, they did their best to give their daughter a proper burial.

00:00:45As for such a coincidence, there are two possibilities.

00:00:48Either the Egyptians predicted the Simpsons or the creator of the series, Matt Groening,

00:00:53has secret knowledge about ancient cultures.

00:00:56Amulets, jewelry and stone and wooden sarcophagi were also found in the tomb.

00:01:01Sarcophagi of the new kingdom were often decorated with carvings and paintings depicting deceased

00:01:06deities and scenes from the Book of the Dead.

00:01:09Why do you think the resemblance is so striking?

00:01:12Write your opinion in the comments.

00:01:16The Pope's other side.

00:01:18Balthazar Cossa, who became Pope John XXIII, proved that even a pirate can end up on the

00:01:24papal throne.

00:01:25His life began in 1370 on the island of Procida and from an early age he became fascinated with

00:01:31piracy together with his brothers.

00:01:33However, at his mother's request, he went to study in Bologna and quickly transformed from

00:01:38a robber into a learned theologian.

00:01:39At the university, Balthazar formed a gang of ten devils engaged in petty racketeering

00:01:44and even met the woman he fell in love with, the witch Yandra de la Scala.

00:01:48But after her arrest by the inquisition, he killed two inquisitors and ended up in prison

00:01:53himself, from which his friends rescued him.

00:01:55After escaping, Balthazar returned to piracy until his ship was wrecked, after which he vowed

00:02:00to become a priest if he survived.

00:02:02Having survived and fulfilled his vow, Balthazar encountered Pope Orban VI and became involved

00:02:07in the dark affairs of the papal court, becoming an executioner and a murderer.

00:02:11After Orban's death, his successor, Benedict XVI, sent Balthazar to suppress a rebellion

00:02:17in Bologna, which he did with particular cruelty.

00:02:20As a reward, Balthazar was given control over the city.

00:02:23Continuing his rise in the church hierarchy, he took out a loan and bought himself a bishopric.

00:02:27After the death of Alexander V. Balthazar seized the opportunity and was elected Pope, becoming

00:02:32John XXIII.

00:02:34However, his reign turned out to be short-lived.

00:02:37At the Council of Constance, he was overthrown and accused of numerous crimes.

00:02:41Not giving up, Balthazar escaped, but was caught and released for a large sum.

00:02:46Returning to Bologna, he lived out the rest of his days, dying of cancer.

00:02:50On his grave stands a monument created by Donatello.

00:02:53The story of Balthazar Cossa shows how unpredictable people's destinies can be and how sometimes even

00:02:59the most incredible individuals can leave a significant mark on history.

00:03:03Throughout the history of the Catholic Church, a great number of terrifying, vile and mystical

00:03:08accounts have accumulated.

00:03:10This story is just one small piece of evidence.

00:03:13Researchers have deciphered the Voynich Manuscript.

00:03:16The Voynich Manuscript has been intriguing scientists and cryptographers for more than 600

00:03:21years.

00:03:22This document, filled with encrypted texts and unusual illustrations, gives rise to many hypotheses

00:03:28from magical spells to obscene texts.

00:03:32But researchers from Macquarie University have concluded that the manuscript contains no obscene

00:03:36material but does include information that, in the early 15th century, was not meant for

00:03:40everyone.

00:03:41Dr. Kigen Brewer, the lead author of the study, claims that the manuscript is a medieval gynecology

00:03:47manual, including information about sex, contraception and the treatment of gynecological diseases.

00:03:53The encrypted nature of the text suggests that there was an effort to restrict women's access

00:03:59to this information, which is a vivid example of gender censorship.

00:04:04The manuscript contains numerous illustrations depicting plants, animals and people, but researchers

00:04:10were particularly interested in drawings of naked women pointing to their genitals.

00:04:15These images clearly hinted the gynecological focus of the text.

00:04:18Women's secrets, as women's health was called in the Middle Ages, were strictly censored despite

00:04:23being actively studied.

00:04:25The patriarchal culture of that era feared the female body and its functions, which was

00:04:30reflected in the medical texts of the time.

00:04:32One of the largest and most mysterious illustrations known as the rosettes may symbolize the commonly

00:04:37accepted views on sex and contraception of that time.

00:04:40According to the beliefs of that time, the uterus consisted of seven chambers and the vagina

00:04:45had two openings.

00:04:47Perhaps the nine circles in the illustration symbolize these anatomical details.

00:04:51Thus, the Voynich manuscript may not be just a collection of meaningless symbols or a joke,

00:04:56as some have suggested, but an important historical document revealing approaches to women's health

00:05:02in medieval Europe.

00:05:05The Legend of the Flying Creature

00:05:07In 1890, the residents of Tombstone, Arizona, witnessed an unusual and mysterious event.

00:05:15At that time, a giant flying creature was spotted and even photographed, which resembled

00:05:20a pterodactyl, an ancient flying reptile that lived millions of years ago.

00:05:25The photograph, however, was never found, despite extensive searches and numerous attempts

00:05:30to locate it or verify the authenticity of the event.

00:05:33This incident attracted the attention not only of the public, but also of scientists as well

00:05:37as enthusiasts of paranormal phenomena and cryptozoology.

00:05:41The story of the flying creature in Tombstone fits into the broader context of myths about

00:05:45the Thunderbird, a powerful being from Native American mythology.

00:05:49The Thunderbird, depicted as a giant bird capable of causing thunder and lightning, is an important

00:05:54figure in the culture of many tribes and is often associated with ancient cryptid creatures,

00:05:59supposedly seen by people in various historical periods.

00:06:03Since then, scientists and researchers have continued to question and debate the authenticity

00:06:07and possible explanations of this phenomenon.

00:06:10Some suggest that it could have been a real animal that accidentally ended up in this region,

00:06:15perhaps the last surviving member of extinct species.

00:06:18Others believe that the story is nothing more than a myth or legend, possibly even a clever

00:06:23fabrication or an exaggeration of real events.

00:06:26Research continues, and interest in this story is not limited to the scientific community

00:06:31alone.

00:06:32Enthusiasts of mysteries and secrets of the past are also actively involved in discussions

00:06:36and in searching for any information that could shed light on this remarkable story of the

00:06:41Old West.

00:06:42A giant hearse!

00:06:44Archaeologists have discovered a unique funeral carriage in a barrow burial near the city of

00:06:49Dongfeng in northern China.

00:06:50The fragments of the hearse that were found, which is about seven meters long and more

00:06:55than two meters wide, date back to the Liao dynasty era.

00:06:59Although part of the carriage was destroyed, many of the iron elements decorated with gold

00:07:04have been preserved in excellent condition.

00:07:06In the second tomb, archaeologists found more than 30 artifacts including silver and copper

00:07:11ornaments as well as gilded bells.

00:07:13These findings will help to study the unique burial rituals of the Qitan, the founders of

00:07:18the Liao state.

00:07:19Interestingly, some scholars believe that the Russian name for China comes from the Qitan

00:07:25people.

00:07:27A living doll.

00:07:29In 1877 Thomas Edison created something unique and unusual, a talking doll which became one

00:07:36of his most extraordinary inventions.

00:07:39This doll, weighing less than 2 kg with a porcelain head and wooden limbs, concealed a miniature

00:07:45version of a phonograph that could play sound when the handle was turned.

00:07:50But instead of becoming a charming amusement, it caused many people to feel uneasy because

00:07:55of its unusual feature.

00:07:56Edison presented his invention as his latest electrical novelty, capable of speaking phrases or singing

00:08:02songs thanks to the phonograph built into its body.

00:08:05A team of women was brought in to record various phrases and melodies.

00:08:11But unfortunately, the dolls turned out to be less durable than expected and they couldn't

00:08:16withstand active children's play, which often led to the mechanism breaking.

00:08:20In 1889 Edison faced complaints about the fragility of the wax cylinders used, which confirmed the

00:08:26need to improve the design of the wax cylinders.

00:08:30Nevertheless, the production turned out to be unprofitable and by 1890 the costs exceeded

00:08:36$50,000, which forced the Edison Phonograph toy manufacturing company to stop producing

00:08:42these dolls.

00:08:44Edison's failure in this area did not affect public opinion in any way, since even with the

00:08:49high cost of the dolls, many would have preferred to spend their money on other toys.

00:08:54Interestingly, the frightening image of the talking doll may have inspired many horror stories

00:08:58and creepypastas featuring sinister dolls as central characters.

00:09:03TRACES OF A VANISHED CULTURE

00:09:07Venezuelan archaeologists have discovered 20 new sites with rock paintings that are thousands

00:09:12of years old.

00:09:13These drawings, found in Kanaima National Park, belong to a previously unknown culture.

00:09:19The drawings, made with red pigment, include geometric motifs such as dots, crosses, stars

00:09:24and lines, as well as stylized images of leaves and human figures.

00:09:28Some of the images are carved into the stone, making them petroglyphs.

00:09:33The purpose of creating these drawings remains a mystery.

00:09:35They could have been related to birth, illnesses, the renewal of nature or hunting.

00:09:40Rock art sites were probably important because of their location, just as the locations of

00:09:45churches and mosques are important to us today.

00:09:48The exact age of the drawings is still unknown, but they are estimated to be about 4000 years

00:09:53old, based on similar drawings found in Brazil.

00:09:56However, scientists believe that the Venezuelan findings may be even older.

00:10:01Kanaima National Park is a vast area with forests and parks the size of Belgium.

00:10:05One of its most famous attractions is Angel Falls, the highest waterfall in the world.

00:10:11Researchers suggest that the park could have been the center of origin for this mysterious

00:10:15culture which later spread along the Amazon, Guyana and Southern Columbia, where similar

00:10:21rock paintings can be found.

00:10:23The oldest private company.

00:10:26Archaeologists in Turkey have found a cuneiform tablet about 4000 years old.

00:10:30This discovery made it possible to determine that the tablet recorded the creation of one

00:10:35of the earliest commercial companies.

00:10:37The excavations were carried out in the ruins of the ancient city of Kultepe, located in Anatolia.

00:10:43Many cuneiform tablets were found at this site, created around 1950 BC, which confirms their

00:10:49age of about 4000 years.

00:10:52The tablet is the earliest known record of the registration of a commercial company.

00:10:56The first commercial firm was founded with joint capital of 15 kg of gold and had 12 founders.

00:11:04Each of them automatically became a shareholder of the company, with everyone having different

00:11:09shares depending on how much gold they contributed.

00:11:12The company's capital was managed for 12 years by a merchant named Amur Ishtam.

00:11:17All transactions were strictly recorded and sealed in the presence of witnesses.

00:11:21If someone wanted to withdraw their share before the set term, they were given about 4 kg of

00:11:27silver instead of 1 kg of gold.

00:11:29This ensured that the capital would remain in the company for a long period.

00:11:33This discovery is an important piece of evidence of early forms of business and shows how commercial

00:11:38activity was already regulated and documented in ancient times.

00:11:43A slab with Maya glyphs.

00:11:45Archaeologists from the National Institute of Anthropology and History discovered a huge

00:11:50stone panel carved at the bottom of a sacred pool in Coba on the Yucatan Peninsula in the

00:11:57Mexican state of Quintana Roo.

00:11:58Coba, an ancient Maya city, flourished from 500 to 900 AD and reached a population of about

00:12:0550,000 people.

00:12:07Recent excavations have uncovered a monumental panel with 123 Maya glyphs carved at the bottom

00:12:13of a sacred pool near the Nohok Mall pyramid, which is 42 meters tall.

00:12:18The glyphs form an L-shaped figure covering more than 11 square meters.

00:12:22Epigraphic studies have uncovered and revealed the name of a previously unknown ruler of Coba,

00:12:28Kavil Chakchein, who took the name of the lightning god Kavil.

00:12:32The glyphs also mention the founding of the city Kehavitz Kehvitznal in 569 AD and dynastic

00:12:39rulers such as Bolunsakap Ahau.

00:12:41Archaeologists are now working on preserving the monument, which has been damaged by erosion

00:12:46and are creating its 3D reconstruction for further research.

00:12:51The agonizing death of the screaming woman.

00:12:53In 1935 near Luxor, Egypt, a mysterious mummy was found, which was called the screaming woman

00:12:59because of her terrifying facial expression with her mouth open.

00:13:04Scientists are convinced that the woman may have died from terrible pain, which led to

00:13:09a cadaveric spasm that fixed her face in a scream.

00:13:12The mummy was discovered by an archaeological expedition from the Metropolitan Museum of

00:13:16New York in the tomb of Sen Mut, the chief architect of Queen Hatshepsut.

00:13:19In this tomb, they also found a burial chamber for his mother and other relatives.

00:13:24Despite the rich burial, the identity of the screaming woman and the reasons for her expression

00:13:29remained the mystery for almost 100 years.

00:13:31Archaeologists conducted a detailed study of the mummy using CT scanning and infrared imaging.

00:13:36The virtual autopsy showed that the woman was about 48 years old.

00:13:40She was approximately 150 cm tall and suffered from mild arthritis.

00:13:46Surprisingly, her internal organs, such as the brain, heart and lungs, were intact which

00:13:50did not match the usual mummification practices of the New Kingdom era.

00:13:54Her burial included a black wig made of date palm fibers treated with minerals and two rings

00:14:00with jasper scarabs, which indicates her high social status.

00:14:04Dr. Salem suggested that her facial expression might have been the result of cadaveric spasm,

00:14:09a rare condition in which the muscles that were actively used before death become fixed,

00:14:14indicating possible suffering or severe stress.

00:14:17Thus, the embalmers mummified her body before it began to decompose and relax, leaving her

00:14:23mouth open.

00:14:25The oldest known human viruses.

00:14:28Researchers from the Federal University of Sao Paulo discovered the most ancient viruses

00:14:33in Neanderthal bones, which are over 50,000 years old.

00:14:37Two Neanderthals, whose remains were found in a cave in Russia, underwent DNA testing.

00:14:43The results show traces of the papillomavirus, which is sexually transmitted, and the adenovirus,

00:14:48which causes the common cold, as well as other viruses.

00:14:51Both Neanderthals were male.

00:14:53Experts have long suspected that viruses may have contributed to the extinction of the Neanderthals.

00:14:59This discovery may confirm that theory.

00:15:02The study suggests that Neanderthals may have been infected with the same viruses as modern

00:15:06humans.

00:15:07It has also been proven that fragments of viral genomes can be identified in archaeological samples.

00:15:13Adenoviruses can cause various diseases, from the common cold to acute gastroenteritis.

00:15:19Papillomaviruses are known for their association with cervical cancer.

00:15:22The team that made this discovery plans to synthesize these Jurassic Park viruses to compare them

00:15:28with their modern counterparts.

00:15:29The remains were found in the Chagrskaya cave in the Altai mountains in Siberia.

00:15:34They belonged to a group of nine people found in 2022 who were relatives.

00:15:39Researchers were able to sequence the Neanderthal genome and found that the viral traces did

00:15:44not get into the remains from animals or modern humans.

00:15:48Archaeologists emphasized that viruses were not the only reason for the extinction of Neanderthals,

00:15:53but they could have played a role in this process.

00:15:56The oldest calendar.

00:15:58Archaeologists made an amazing discovery in Diyubeklitepe, Turkey, finding the oldest calendar

00:16:03in the world, which is 12,000 years old.

00:16:06This discovery is capable of changing our understanding of early civilizations, as it shows that as early

00:16:12as 10,000 years BC people were already able to measure time.

00:16:16This happened long before the rise of ancient Greece and other well-known cultures.

00:16:21The calendar is carved on a stone column and contains 365 day marks which indicates the existence

00:16:26of 12 months with the addition of 11 extra days.

00:16:29At the top of the column you can see symbols including the letter V and at the bottom there

00:16:34is a depiction of a bird with a round object and a scorpion.

00:16:37These images may symbolize the sun and zodiac signs.

00:16:42Research also points to a connection with a comet that caused a sharp cooling for 1,200 years.

00:16:48This event had a devastating impact on large animal species and may have caused significant

00:16:54changes in the region's ecosystem.

00:16:57Historians believe that such catastrophic events could have been a catalyst for the

00:17:01emergence of new religions and the development of agriculture, which in turn led to the formation

00:17:06of the first civilizations.

00:17:09An ancient depiction of psychoactive mushrooms.

00:17:12The Tassili-Nager cave, located in the south-eastern part of Algeria, is a true treasure

00:17:17trove of prehistoric art.

00:17:20This site is known for its rich rock paintings that span thousands of years.

00:17:25Particular attention is drawn to a painting created about 9,000 years ago depicting a shaman

00:17:30with psychedelic mushrooms.

00:17:32This unique artifact opens a window into the spiritual and cultural practices of ancient

00:17:37hunter-gatherers.

00:17:38This painting was first documented by the French archaeologist Henri Latham and his team in the

00:17:431950s.

00:17:44They were amazed by the brightness and complexity of the images, among which stood out the figure

00:17:49of a shaman with mushrooms of the Psilocybe genus, known for their psychoactive properties.

00:17:55The shaman is depicted with a richly decorated headdress and war paint, which indicates his

00:17:59ritual role.

00:18:00The posture and facial expression of the shaman clearly demonstrate a state of trance.

00:18:05Psychedelic mushrooms played an important role in shamanic rituals, as confirmed by numerous

00:18:10examples from various cultures.

00:18:12In ancient societies, shamans used mushrooms to achieve altered states of consciousness

00:18:17and communicate with the spirit world.

00:18:19The cave painting at Tassili indicates that such practices also existed in North Africa.

00:18:24The image of a shaman surrounded by mushrooms and other symbols carries deep meaning.

00:18:29The headdress and body paint emphasize the high status of the shaman in society, while the

00:18:34mushrooms highlight their sacred role in rituals.

00:18:36The trance state indicates the shaman's journey beyond the physical world, which was an important

00:18:41part of their spiritual practice.

00:18:43The impact of the asteroid in contact with the gods.

00:18:47The asteroid, which is believed to have destroyed the dinosaurs about 66 million years ago, left

00:18:53a significant mark on the Yucatan Peninsula.

00:18:56This impact created the Chicxulub crater, which is still an important geological site.

00:19:01Although this cataclysm occurred long before the rise of the Mayan civilization, its long-term

00:19:07geological and ecological consequences may have influenced the formation of the region

00:19:11where this culture later developed.

00:19:14Archaeological finds, such as cities and structures destroyed and buried under layers of sediment,

00:19:18may indirectly support the theory of cataclysms that occurred in the Yucatan.

00:19:23Nevertheless, there is no direct evidence that the Maya knew about the asteroid that destroyed

00:19:28the dinosaurs or had any information about them.

00:19:30The idea that the Maya could have come into contact with dinosaurs is scientifically unfounded.

00:19:36Dinosaurs became extinct long before the first humans appeared, let alone the Maya civilization.

00:19:42However, in their mythology and art, you can find depictions of creatures that can be interpreted

00:19:47as legendary or mythical animals.

00:19:49But this is not evidence of their actual contact with dinosaurs.

00:19:53Researchers sometimes find dinosaur fossils in Mesoamerica.

00:19:56But these discoveries date back to times that predate human history.

00:20:00Such findings may be of interest to geologists or paleontologists, but they do not support

00:20:04the theory of contact between the Maya and dinosaurs.

00:20:07Knowledge of ancient cataclysms may have been integrated into their mythology and beliefs

00:20:12related to natural phenomena and the actions of the gods.

00:20:16The Maya believed in the cyclical nature of time and recurring catastrophes, which could

00:20:20have reflected their understanding of the past and their anticipation of future events.

00:20:25Traces of the gods in the temple of Ain Ain Dara in northern Syria in arid lands, there

00:20:31is a unique archaeological site Ain Ain Dara, a complex of structures surrounding a majestic

00:20:36central temple, which has no analogues in its characteristics.

00:20:40One of its remarkable features is the giant footprints on the threshold, each measuring up

00:20:45to 1 meter in length.

00:20:47This clearly indicates their non-human origin.

00:20:49According to local residents, the footprints were left by a deity.

00:20:53And the temple resembles the biblical description of Solomon's temple.

00:20:57The temple, which dates back to the Iron Age of the Syro-Hittite kingdoms, which emerged

00:21:02after the collapse of the Hittite empire around 1180 BC and lasted until 700 BC was discovered

00:21:08in 1955.

00:21:10Archaeological excavations made it possible to study its structure and decorations in more detail.

00:21:15The temple stands on a mound and is surrounded by a gallery.

00:21:19Its foundation consists of massive basalt blocks.

00:21:23The walls are decorated with intricate carvings depicting geometric patterns and mythical animals,

00:21:28which testifies to the high skill of its creators.

00:21:30The entrance is guarded by lions and sphinxes carved from stone.

00:21:33Nevertheless, it is still unknown to whom exactly the temple was dedicated.

00:21:38There is a suggestion that it might have been dedicated to the goddess Ishtar, but there is

00:21:42no conclusive evidence.

00:21:44The giant human footprints not only confirm the connection of the structures with ancient

00:21:48myths and deities, but also emphasize their cultural, religious and mystical significance.

00:21:53However, in 2018, a huge part of this temple was destroyed by airstrikes.

00:22:00P.Y.

00:22:00Ramid on the site of a volcano, the Great Pyramid at the Mayan site of San Andres, was built in

00:22:06response to the eruption of the Tierra Blanca Joven volcano in the Lago Ilopango caldera.

00:22:11San Andres is located in the valley, Putitan in the La Libertad department, El Salvador,

00:22:18and was founded around 900 B.C. as an agricultural center, which became the capital of a Mayan

00:22:23state between 600 and 900 A.D.

00:22:27The eruption of the Tierra Blanca Joven volcano, which occurred around 539 B.C., became one of

00:22:33the largest volcanic events in history, ejecting about 43.7 cubic kilometers of volcanic material.

00:22:40Because significant climate changes and devastated an area within a radius of up to 100 kilometers,

00:22:46Dr. Akira Achikawa, from the University of Colorado Boulder, noted that due to the scale

00:22:52of the disaster, many settlements were abandoned and it took a long time for them to recover.

00:22:58However, research in San Andres, just 40 kilometers from Lago Ilopango, showed that

00:23:02construction began a few years after the eruption.

00:23:05The beginning of the construction of the La Campaña pyramid is dated to just five to

00:23:0930 years after the eruption, and its completion took about 80 years.

00:23:13The pyramid, standing seven meters tall and with a volume of 23,000 cubic meters, became

00:23:19the largest structure in the valley.

00:23:21Dr. Achikawa suggests that the pyramid was built using volcanic ash as a material and

00:23:26had religious significance related to the worship of volcanoes in order to protect against

00:23:31future eruptions.

00:23:33The mystery of the Nan Madol ruins.

00:23:35The ruins of Nan Madol are a unique ancient city in Micronesia located on artificial islands

00:23:41in a lagoon off the coast of Pohnpei.

00:23:43This mysterious complex, built from gigantic basalt blocks, is a sophisticated system of canals

00:23:49and structures constructed on more than 90 artificial islands.

00:23:52The age of the structures is estimated to be over a thousand years, and their purpose still

00:23:57remains unclear.

00:23:58The structure and construction technology of Nan Madol is striking in its scale and complexity.

00:24:03Some blocks weigh up to 50 tons, and it is still unknown how the ancient builders moved

00:24:08and placed them with such precision.

00:24:10This mystery has led to many hypotheses, including suggestions about possible extraterrestrial

00:24:15knowledge or technologies used in the construction.

00:24:19Local legends speak of magic and supernatural forces used in the construction of the city.

00:24:24The ruins of Nan Madol remain one of the most mysterious archaeological discoveries in the

00:24:29world, attracting the attention of both scientists and mystery enthusiasts.

00:24:33This ancient city, surrounded by water and myths, offers a unique window into the past

00:24:38and makes one wonder about possible contacts with extraterrestrial civilizations.

00:24:42As you can see, there are many mysteries and unexplained phenomena in our history that

00:24:46lead us to believe in the existence of alien life in the past, and that our ancestors had

00:24:51contact with extraterrestrial civilizations.

00:24:53And do you believe in the existence of something like that?

00:24:56Write your opinion in the comments below the video.

00:25:00Scientists Brewed an Ancient Drink

00:25:02Israeli researchers decided to dive into the world of experimental archaeology and create

00:25:07a beverage that our ancestors used to drink.

00:25:09It all started with the discovery of yeast remnants in ancient clay shards during excavations

00:25:14in Israel.

00:25:15These samples, dating back to 3000 BC, were found in various locations, including Tel Aviv, Jerusalem,

00:25:22and an Egyptian brewery near the Gaza Strip.

00:25:25Archaeologists and microbiologists joined forces to study and revive the ancient yeast.

00:25:29The researchers were able to bring yeast colonies back to life and use them to create an ancient

00:25:34beverage, similar in taste to the beer that the Philistines and Egyptians used to drink.

00:25:39For the experiment, the scientists used recipes for ancient beverages, creating beer and mead.

00:25:45During the brewing process, some modern changes were made, such as adding hops, which did not

00:25:50exist in the ancient Near East.

00:25:51This made it possible to create a beverage with a unique taste, combining ancient traditions

00:25:56and modern technologies.

00:25:58According to Shmuel Naki, a brewer from the Jerusalem Brewing Center, the taste of the beverage turned

00:26:03out to be spicy, slightly fruity and very complex.

00:26:07Yeast played a key role in creating these flavor characteristics, which confirms the importance

00:26:12of its use in brewing.

00:26:14The success of this experiment inspired scientists and brewers to continue their research.

00:26:18The team plans to use the revived yeast to create new types of beer based on ancient recipes.

00:26:24This collaboration will not only expand the range of Israeli beer, but also provide a deeper

00:26:29understanding of the culture and traditions of ancient peoples.

00:26:32Would you like to try a drink made with ancient yeast?

00:26:35Could you immerse yourself so deeply in the history of brewing?

00:26:38While you're leaving comments under the video, I'd like to recommend my previous videos for

00:26:43you to watch.

00:26:44They're just as interesting.

00:26:47Goodbye everyone!

00:26:48Ancient structures in the Black Sea

00:26:51Off the coast of Abkhazia, scientists from an international underwater archaeological expedition

00:26:56have discovered important archaeological finds.

00:26:59With the help of special equipment and divers, they explore depths from 1 to 60 meters in

00:27:04the waters near the cities of Kudauta and Sukum.

00:27:07The most significant discovery was the remains of a medieval structure in the Sukum Bay, at

00:27:12the mouth of the Besletka river, where the ancient city of Diascuria is believed to have

00:27:16been located.

00:27:17In this area, where an ancient stela had previously been found, archaeologists discovered a semi-circular

00:27:23masonry structure, likely a tower with attached walls.

00:27:26It is made of large pebbles set in a limestone mortar.

00:27:29There is pottery present in the masonry.

00:27:31Due to the large amount of sand and silt in the water, it was difficult to photograph the

00:27:36object, so a detailed survey is planned for 2024-2025.

00:27:41In the waters near the city of Kudauta, archaeologists found numerous vessels from the ancient and medieval

00:27:46periods, including an amphora at a depth of 48 to 50 meters.

00:27:50Ancient Slavic cemetery in Germany.

00:27:54Archaeologists from Saxony-Anhalt, Germany, made an important discovery by finding a medieval

00:27:59Slavic settlement and cemetery near Wittenlobeien.

00:28:03These discoveries were made during preparations for the construction of the underground power

00:28:07line Sudostlink.

00:28:09The excavations revealed a settlement covering 1.2 acres dating back to the periods of the

00:28:14Great Migration and the Early Middle Ages from the 5th to the 10th century AD.

00:28:19There were two stages.

00:28:21In the early stage it was fortified with a 4 meter wide ditch and later individual homesteads

00:28:25with half-meter ditches appeared.

00:28:27Among the artifacts a pearl and a bronze bracelet were found.

00:28:30An important part of the settlement was the craft quarter, where bog iron ore was extracted

00:28:35and textile production took place.

00:28:37Two wells were also discovered, providing water for the settlement.

00:28:40Next to the settlement, a cemetery with about 60 graves from the 10th and 11th centuries

00:28:46was excavated, arranged in two rows.

00:28:49Most of the burials were carried out according to Christian traditions with the bodies oriented

00:28:53to the east.

00:28:54Among the finds, a family grave and the burial of a child with hydrocephalus stand out, which

00:28:59indicates the care of the community.

00:29:01An unfinished antediluvian structure, in the mysterious valleys of Lebanon, lies Baalbek,

00:29:08a city that holds the mysteries of ancient times.

00:29:11A recently discovered structure at this site has provided new information, confirming the

00:29:15unique significance of Baalbek for archaeology and world culture.

00:29:18For a long time, the megalithic architecture of Baalbek remained a mystery to scientists.

00:29:23The construction methods and reasons for creating such massive structures had no parallels.

00:29:29However, the latest discovery offers new interpretations and opportunities for understanding ancient

00:29:34civilizations.

00:29:35Baalbek, located in the Bekaa valley, is known for its important role during the Hellenistic

00:29:39and Roman periods.

00:29:40Since the conquest by Alexander the Great, the city underwent significant changes, becoming

00:29:45a bridge between eastern and western cultures.

00:29:48Greek culture left its mark on the architecture and art of Baalbek, which can be seen in the

00:29:53stylistic features of its buildings.

00:29:55The Romans, in turn, expanded and strengthened its status as a religious and cultural center,

00:30:00by erecting majestic temples and public buildings.

00:30:03The most famous structures of Baalbek are the temples dedicated to Jupiter, Venus and Bacchus.

00:30:09These temples are known not only for their magnificence, but also for the technical achievements

00:30:13embodied in their construction.

00:30:14One of the most significant elements is the stone of the pregnant woman, a giant megalith,

00:30:20weighing over 1000 tons, which was never included in the final construction of the temple.

00:30:25The discovery in the quarry in 2014 only deepened the mysteries associated with these ancient

00:30:30construction methods.

00:30:32The findings showed ancient builders used technologies ahead of their time, which raises questions

00:30:37about the origin and spread of ancient engineering knowledge.

00:30:41Comparing Baalbek with other ancient wonders, such as Stonehenge and the Egyptian pyramids,

00:30:46we can notice common features in their logistical and engineering approaches.

00:30:50For example, transporting huge stones for Stonehenge or building the pyramids in Giza required

00:30:56not only physical resources, but also advanced planning and astronomical knowledge.

00:31:01Modern archaeological methods, such as ground-penetrating radar surveys and 3D scanning, are opening

00:31:06new horizons in the study of ancient technologies.

00:31:10Delivering messages from the afterlife, since ancient times humanity has sought ways to communicate

00:31:15with those who have passed from the world of the living, which led to the development of

00:31:19many methods and practices.

00:31:20Among them there inevitably appeared charlatans who exploited the grief of those who had lost

00:31:25loved ones.

00:31:26However, alongside these, there were also those who approached the question of communicating

00:31:30with the spirit world with pragmatism and rationalism.

00:31:33One such person was William Thomas Stead, a journalist of the Victorian era, who, in the 1890s, delved

00:31:40into the study of spiritualism in London.

00:31:43Stead claimed that he possessed extrasensory abilities and could receive messages from the

00:31:48dead through so-called automatic writing.

00:31:51Supposedly, his hand was able to write messages from the other world.

00:31:54One of his main interlocutors was Julia Ames, an American journalist who died in 1891.

00:32:01Before her death, Julia made an agreement with her friend Ellen that she would try to contact

00:32:06her from the afterlife.

00:32:08Ellen claimed that she saw Julia in her home next to her bed, but she did not hear her words.

00:32:12This made Ellen turn to Stead for help.

00:32:15And he offered to use his skills to convey her message through automatic writing.

00:32:20As a result, Stead wrote a book, After Death or Letters from Julia, in which he published

00:32:26messages allegedly received from Julia.

00:32:29They described her experiences in the afterlife and gave the impression that continued existence

00:32:34after death is perceived as something natural and continuous, where the soul leaves the physical

00:32:39body but retains its consciousness and self-awareness.

00:32:44After Stead's death on the Titanic in 1912, his daughter Estella claimed that a family friend,

00:32:49Woodman, also began receiving messages from her father through automatic writing.

00:32:54Woodman allegedly conveyed Stead's impressions of his experiences after death, describing

00:32:59his perception of death as a strange journey to a new place filled with light and peace.

00:33:04These messages suggest that automatic writing may not only be the result of trance or unconscious

00:33:09activity, but also a real way to communicate with other dimensions.

00:33:16A farmer from the Indian town of Pani, Dilip Mistry, found a 16.1 carat diamond in a private

00:33:23mine, which was valued at more than $70,000.

00:33:27Mistry, along with three companions, hoped to find precious stones, but did not expect such

00:33:33luck.

00:33:33Local gemstone expert Anu Anupam Singh confirmed the authenticity of the find, and now the diamond

00:33:39will be sold at auction.

00:33:41Of the proceeds, 12.5% will have to be given to the government as royalty, and the remaining

00:33:46money will be divided among the four prospectors.

00:33:49In the videos posted online, Dilip can be seen proudly displaying the sparkling diamond

00:33:54and then handing it over to the district officer.

00:33:57Mistry stated that he plans to use his share of the money to improve his family's financial

00:34:01situation.

00:34:03Notably, this is not the first time a farmer has found diamonds.

00:34:06Previously, he and his partners had already found precious stones, although Mistry never

00:34:11said how much they were worth.

00:34:13A city in the center of the Sahara.

00:34:16The central Sahara in Niger is a territory that is almost inaccessible to people.

00:34:21Any tourist traveling south from the Mediterranean coast faced a huge number of obstacles.

00:34:26Giant dunes, exhausting heat and drying winds create a landscape that is almost devoid of

00:34:32life.

00:34:32But those who venture into the depths of the great desert are in for a surprise.

00:34:36Surrounded by sandy canyons on a lonely plateau lie the ruins of the massive fortress city of

00:34:41Jado.

00:34:42These ruins, which are between 800 and 1000 years old, remain a mystery.

00:34:48The city emerged when this part of the desert was much wetter and more fertile.

00:34:52Little is known about the people who lived here and who built this city remains unknown.

00:34:56The fortress city of Jado is a Xar, a typical North African fortified settlement.

00:35:03Such settlements usually consist of residential buildings constructed around a central food

00:35:07storehouse, with an emphasis on defensive functions.

00:35:10Xars like Jado were built from palm trunks covered with adobe mixture, hardened by the desert

00:35:15winds until it was as hard as metal.

00:35:17What sets Jado apart from most similar Xars is its incredible size.

00:35:20The colossal fortress rises above the desert, making the rest of the landscape seem insignificant.

00:35:26The Kanuri people who inhabit the desert in the center of the Sahara were the last known

00:35:31inhabitants of this place.

00:35:32Perhaps the city was inherited from a more ancient culture about which no records have survived.

00:35:37The turning point that forced the Kanuri to leave Jado was probably the depletion of drinking

00:35:42water.

00:35:43As the green landscape turned into desert, the water became brackish and the environment too harsh

00:35:49for survival.

00:35:51People lived on the Jado Plateau for about 60,000 years, leaving behind rock paintings and other

00:35:56evidence of their presence.

00:35:57Small livestock were raised here as early as 7000 BC, and cattle appeared around 3500 BC.

00:36:06The rock paintings discovered in the Eyre Mountains, dating from about 5500 to 4500 years ago, depict

00:36:13a world with lush vegetation and abundant animals, completely unlike the modern landscape.

00:36:18Today, reaching the once great city is very difficult.

00:36:22This part of the world is unstable, and the tribes living here are constantly fighting

00:36:26for limited resources.

00:36:28The Kanuri now live in the neighboring desert village of Chirfa, but every year they return

00:36:33to the place of their ancestors to harvest dates.

00:36:36Strangely, the date palms continue to bear fruit.

00:36:39The Kanuri are a remnant of the ancient Kanam civilization, which ruled Central Sahara from 700

00:36:44to 1300 AD.

00:36:45The origin of this empire is shrouded in mystery, and it is unknown whether Jado was founded during

00:36:50this period or even earlier.

00:36:52If the Kanam built Jado, then excavations could reveal a lot about this culture.

00:36:57But if they inherited it, perhaps someday something else will be discovered, hidden from human eyes,

00:37:04and guarded by the desert, waiting to reveal all its secrets.

00:37:08The Discovery of Noah's Ark In 1959, Captain Ilhan Durubinar, while working

00:37:15on aerial photography for NATO in Turkey, made an unexpected discovery.

00:37:19At an altitude of 2000 meters, he noticed unusual geological formations resembling the outline

00:37:26of a giant ship.

00:37:27This discovery sparked a lot of debate and speculation that the remains found could be Noah's Ark.

00:37:33The discovery attracted the attention of both scientists and adventurers.

00:37:37Despite numerous expeditions and studies in the following years, no definitive evidence

00:37:42has yet been found to confirm the biblical story of the Ark.

00:37:46However, this region continues to be a subject of scientific interest.

00:37:50To support the possibility of real events like the biblical flood, geological studies in

00:37:56the Black Sea region have shown that about 6000 years ago, a catastrophic flooding did indeed

00:38:02occur.

00:38:02This could have been caused by massive glacier melting, which led to a significant rise in

00:38:07global sea levels.

00:38:09In addition, certain tablets dated to the same period were found in Mesopotamia.

00:38:13One of these tablets describes the story of the Great Flood and the rescue of various

00:38:18animal species on a ship, which has notable parallels with the story of Noah from the Bible.

00:38:23These findings suggest that the motifs of a global catastrophe and rescue aboard a ship may

00:38:28have deep historical roots permeating many cultures and civilizations.

00:38:33A 16th century compass.

00:38:36Archaeology enthusiasts discovered a 16th century compass in the city of Fromburg in northern

00:38:41Poland, where the famous astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus lived and worked.

00:38:45The local museum suggested that this instrument, which became only the third such find in Poland,

00:38:50might have belonged to Copernic himself, the creator of the revolutionary model of the universe,

00:38:54where the sun day, not the earth, is at the center.

00:38:57The compass was found in the canon's gardens in Fromburg, by two groups of archaeological

00:39:02enthusiasts led by professionals.

00:39:04The compass was discovered in the garden, where Copernic conducted his astronomical observations.

00:39:08In their social media posts, they stated that this discovery not only takes us back to

00:39:13the era of Copernic's great discoveries, but also opens up new possibilities for understanding

00:39:17his working methods.

00:39:19The choice of the canon's gardens for the excavation was based on a legend about the existence

00:39:23of a tunnel that connected Copernic's workplace with the city's cathedral.

00:39:27The compass is made of a copper alloy and dates back to the 16th century.

00:39:31The artifact will undergo conservation work, after which, its further fate will be decided

00:39:36by the local historic preservation officer.

00:39:38The museum hopes that this valuable item will become part of its collection.

00:39:41The first compass was found in 2005, in the courtyard of Collegium Novum at the Jagiellonian

00:39:46University in Krakow.

00:39:48The second one was also discovered in the canon's gardens in Fromburg in 2016, and it is

00:39:52already part of the museum's collection.

00:39:54Copernic, who was born in 1473 in Torun, lived for 30 years in Fromburg, where he served

00:40:00as a canon and conducted astronomical observations.

00:40:04Last photographs of extinct animals.

00:40:07The red book is often mentioned as a symbol of protecting endangered species, but few people

00:40:12know about the existence of the black book, a sad catalogue of animals and plants lost forever.

00:40:18This document serves as a bitter reminder that over the past 5 centuries we have lost 844 species.

00:40:25Today I want to talk about some animals that went extinct due to humans in the last century,

00:40:30whose last individuals were captured in photos or videos.

00:40:33The Barbary lion, which lived in North Africa, disappeared in the 1920s.

00:40:38Huge and powerful with a majestic mane, this lion was exterminated because it was harmful

00:40:43to livestock, especially after the appearance of firearms.

00:40:47The last lion was killed in 1922.

00:40:50The marsupial wolf, or thylacine, lived in Australia and New Guinea.

00:40:54Later, it was driven to Tasmania by dingoes.

00:40:57Farmers began shooting thylacines when they started attacking livestock.

00:41:01In 1936 the last thylacine died in a zoo, but its appearance was preserved on video.

00:41:07The Balinese tiger, which lived on the island of Bali, was one of the smallest tigers.

00:41:12Hunting of these tigers began in the 1910s and in 1937 the last female was killed, which

00:41:18led to the extinction of the species.

00:41:21The Mexican grizzly, which inhabited the territories of Mexico and the United States, was last seen

00:41:26in 1960.

00:41:27Despite the ban on hunting these bears in 1959, they disappeared due to hunting and loss of

00:41:33habitat.

00:41:34These stories are just a small part of the tragic fates of animals that disappeared because

00:41:39of human activity.

00:41:40There is a legend that modern humans encountered living mammoths and saber-toothed tigers, and

00:41:45supposedly these photographs confirmed their recent existence.

00:41:51Spaceship in Turkey.

00:41:52In Turkey, near the city of Şanlıurfa, is one of the most mysterious archaeological sites

00:41:59in the world.

00:42:00Göbekli Tepe.

00:42:01This complex, which is over 12,000 years old, consists of massive stone structures arranged

00:42:07in circles.

00:42:08Göbekli Tepe is considered the oldest known temple complex on earth.

00:42:12The megaliths, up to 6 meters high and weighing several tons, are impressive for their precision

00:42:17and craftsmanship.

00:42:18The stone slabs are decorated with carvings depicting animals and abstract symbols.

00:42:23This level of artistry and engineering raises many questions about how ancient people were

00:42:28able to create such complex structures without modern technology.

00:42:32Researchers suggest that the construction of Göbekli Tepe might have been connected to extraterrestrial

00:42:37technologies.

00:42:38These hypotheses are based on the unusual precision and scale of the complex, which some believe

00:42:43could only have been achieved with advanced technologies, possibly provided by extraterrestrial

00:42:48civilizations.

00:42:49Göbekli Tepe continues to attract the attention of scientists and enthusiasts from all over

00:42:54the world, fueling interest in ancient mysteries and possible contacts with extraterrestrial

00:42:59beings.

00:43:01The most dangerous manuscript in the world, Marie Curie was a renowned scientist and experimenter,

00:43:07an outstanding chemist and a researcher of radioactivity, who received two Nobel prizes,

00:43:11one in 1903 in physics and the second in 1911 in chemistry.

00:43:17But why are her notebooks considered dangerous?

00:43:20The answer lies not in the knowledge they contain.

00:43:22Marie Curie, together with her husband Pierre Curie, discovered the radioactive elements

00:43:27polonium and radium and developed methods for isolating radioactive isotopes.

00:43:31When the scientists discovered radium, they had no idea about its harmful effects on the

00:43:36body, so they took no protective measures.

00:43:38They carried samples of the substance in their pockets and stored them without any precautions.

00:43:43Marie Curie died in 1934 from aplastic anemia, a blood disorder caused by radiation.

00:43:50Many scientists who worked with her also died from leukemia and other radiation-related diseases.

00:43:57During her work in the laboratory, Curie received a huge dose of radiation and became radioactive

00:44:02herself.

00:44:03After her death, she was buried in a lead coffin, which blocks radiation.

00:44:07Personal belongings, including notebooks, were transferred to the National Library of France,

00:44:12where they are kept in lead boxes as they remain radioactive.

00:44:15Today, access to Marie Curie's notebook is restricted.

00:44:18To view her manuscripts, you need to sign a waiver form at the National Library of France

00:44:24and obtain permission.

00:44:27The notes can be consulted in a special room away from the other reading rooms of the library.

00:44:31The visitor must wear protective clothing and use a dosimeter.

00:44:34Experts have determined that the radiation dose for a person in protective clothing working

00:44:39with Curie's notebooks is negligible.

00:44:42Even with regular contact throughout the year, the maximum radiation dose will be about 10

00:44:47microsieverts per hour-hour.

00:44:49A comparison, during a flight at an altitude of 10 km, a person receives 5 microsieverts per

00:44:54hour-hour.

00:44:55Thus, a two-hour flight from Berlin to Barcelona will give the same radiation dose as a year

00:45:00of working with Curie's notebooks.

00:45:01Curie's notebooks remain the most dangerous among known manuscripts because of radioactivity.

00:45:07Reading them without a protective suit is extremely dangerous.

00:45:11Marie Curie's personal belongings cannot be touched without protection for about another

00:45:151500 years, since the half-life of Radium-226 is 1600 years.

00:45:20The healing properties of Stonehenge, surrounded by an aura of mystique and ancient secrets,

00:45:28remains one of the most mysterious archaeological monuments in the world.

00:45:32This monument, built in the Neolithic and Bronze Age, attracts the attention of researchers

00:45:36with its unique stones and mystical past.

00:45:39Archaeological finds around, Stonehenge are striking in their diversity, from human remains

00:45:45to everyday objects.

00:45:47Among the most significant discoveries are numerous burials, which are believed to belong

00:45:53to people who travelled here from different parts of ancient Britain and even Europe.

00:45:57The skeletons found in the Stonehenge area often show signs of surgical interventions

00:46:02and other forms of medical treatment, which has led to the suggestion that this place might

00:46:07have been used for healing.

00:46:09There are several theories regarding the original purpose of Stonehenge.

00:46:13Some scholars consider it to be an ancient astronomical calendar, while others see it as a place for

00:46:18rituals and festivals.

00:46:20But the hypothesis of Stonehenge as a center of healing is especially intriguing.

00:46:24This theory is supported by the analysis of human remains and artifacts found in the area

00:46:30of the monument, many of which indicate pilgrimages by people seeking healing.

00:46:34The blue stones of Stonehenge, brought from the mountainous regions of Wales, are unique

00:46:39because their origin is more than 200 kilometers from Stonehenge, which makes their presence

00:46:44here a true engineering mystery.

00:46:47According to some researchers, ancient people might have attributed special healing properties

00:46:51to these stones, which may have been the reason for transporting them such a great distance.

00:46:57Archaeological data and scientific research support the theory of Stonehenge being used for

00:47:01medical purposes, bone analyses show that many of the people buried here suffered from serious

00:47:07illnesses or injuries and may have sought healing from these mystical stones.

00:47:11This function of Stonehenge fits into the context of a broad network of ancient beliefs and rituals

00:47:17common among the Bronze Age peoples in Britain.

00:47:19In addition to healing, Stonehenge may have served as a gathering place for the community to

00:47:23perform rituals related to seasonal changes, the fertility of the land and the veneration of ancestors.

00:47:28The mystique surrounding Stonehenge remains the subject of numerous discussions and speculations.

00:47:34The mysterious stones continue to attract researchers and pilgrims and each new discovery only adds

00:47:40depth to the enthusiasm, shrouding this ancient monument in new layers of mystery and speculation

00:47:46about its true role in the ancient world.

00:47:58A giant military memorial.

00:48:01Archaeologists have discovered a 4000 year old memorial monument at the site of Ban Bazi in Syria,

00:48:06resembling the ancient Egyptian Step Pyramid in Saqqara.

00:48:09This artificial mound, known as the White Monument because of the shine of its building materials,

00:48:15was first studied several decades ago.

00:48:18A recent study showed that around 2400 BC, the previously existing mound was modified and

00:48:25supplemented with a series of horizontal steps, each containing at least 30 burials sealed with

00:48:31layers of plaster.

00:48:32Ancient Mesopotamian texts mention military memorials where the bodies of enemies were piled up,

00:48:37although such monuments have not yet been found.

00:48:40However, the White Monument at Tel Banat apparently served as a memorial for the burial of the

00:48:45settlement's inhabitants, not enemies fallen in battle.

00:48:48The discovery calls into question some traditional views in Near Eastern archaeology.

00:48:53The monument was comparable in size to the Step Pyramid of Djoser in Saqqara, but it was

00:48:58built not from stone but from earth.

00:49:00The burials in the White Monument were carefully arranged according to ritual customs, together

00:49:04with military equipment, sometimes next to projectiles and animal hides.

00:49:08This fact indicates that the community tried to honor their warriors by creating a memorial

00:49:13in their honor.

00:49:16The mystery of the stain left by a dead body.

00:49:19Death is an inseparable part of life.

00:49:21All people are mortal but only some leave behind puzzles that generations puzzle over.

00:49:26In the abandoned psychiatric hospital, the ridges, there is a stain in the shape of a human body

00:49:31on the concrete floor.

00:49:33This is the place where a patient named Margaret Schilling died.

00:49:37The woman lay there for several weeks and the stain appeared in 1979.

00:49:42Causing a lot of speculation and hoaxes, forensic experts determined that the stain was formed

00:49:47as a result of the body's decomposition.

00:49:48The ridges, originally known as the Athens Mental Health Center is located in Athens, Ohio.

00:49:56Opened in 1874, this asylum, like many others at the time, was intended to isolate the mentally

00:50:02ill from society.

00:50:04The ridges could accommodate about 550 patients but by 1950, the hospital was overcrowded.

00:50:11There were about 2000 patients there.

00:50:14There are myths that Margaret might have been deaf and mute and couldn't call for help, hiding

00:50:19from the staff.

00:50:20She slowly died in the locked room.

00:50:23In reality, Margaret was an ordinary woman with mental disorders.

00:50:27Married and with three children, she began to suffer after her mother died.

00:50:31Visions and conversations with her late mother led her to the asylum.

00:50:35Most likely Margaret died of heart failure caused by the cold in the unheated part of the

00:50:39building.

00:50:40She was found naked, with her clothes neatly folded nearby.

00:50:44After the body was removed, an indelible stain remained, caused by decomposition and exposure

00:50:50to sunlight.

00:50:51Despite attempts to clean it, the stain remained in place, serving as a reminder of the patient's

00:50:56tragic fate.

00:50:57Fans of the supernatural quickly created a legend that the stain was the imprint of Margaret's

00:51:01soul who wanders the hospital corridors.

00:51:03They claim that her ghost can still be seen as a blurry figure, with an unreadable expression.

00:51:09After the hospital was closed, the complex was transferred to Ohio State University.

00:51:14After renovations, the hospital was turned into an educational institution, they converted

00:51:18that very room into an archive and covered the silhouette with tiles.

00:51:21However, some people insist that they have seen the ghost of a woman with her hands folded,

00:51:26as if she were praying to someone invisible.

00:51:28So, one of the oldest books.

00:51:31The Crosby Schoen Codex, a rare manuscript that revolutionized the study of Christianity,

00:51:38was sold at Christie's auction in London on June 11, 2024 for almost 3.9 million dollars.

00:51:45This codex, created in the mid-4th century in Egypt, contains Biblical and other early

00:51:52Christian texts, making it unique for the study of the history of Christianity.

00:51:57The codex was found along with more than 20 other manuscripts near Dishna in Egypt in 1952.

00:52:04These documents are known as the Bodmer Papyri, named after the Swiss collector Martin Bodmer.

00:52:10The codex includes five early Christian texts in the Coptic language, among which are the

00:52:15earliest known texts of the book of Jonah and the first epistle of Peter.

00:52:18These texts are important for understanding early Christian literature and culture.

00:52:23The codex is an early example of the transition from scroll to book.

00:52:28The codex consists of 104 pages of papyrus, which were previously sewn together, but are

00:52:33now kept behind protective plexiglass.

00:52:35This transitional period is important for the history of writing and books, as it demonstrates

00:52:39the evolution of writing technologies.

00:52:41The codex was copied by a single scribe, probably an Egyptian monk, in the 3rd century AD.

00:52:47He used freshly cut weed as a pen.

00:52:50The preservation of the codex is explained by the dry climate of Egypt, which allowed it

00:52:54to survive for more than 1700 years.

00:52:58Terracotta Water Pipeline Archeologists discovered a 2,600-year-old Terracotta Water Pipeline

00:53:04at the ancient settlement of Kyalade.

00:53:08The discovery at Kyalade reveals the sophisticated water supply system of a civilization that flourished

00:53:14here thousands of years ago and offers new insights into the Sangha-era inhabitants' skills

00:53:19in urban planning and engineering.

00:53:20Kyalade, located 12 kilometers from Madurai, was first discovered in 2014.

00:53:27Since then, this site has become important for studying the Sangha period, which spans from

00:53:32300 BCE to 300 CE.

00:53:35Over the past decades, more than 20,000 artifacts have been found at this site, indicating an advanced

00:53:40society that excelled in brick production, as well as the creation of busts and terracotta items.

00:53:46The recently discovered cylindrical terracotta water pipe, according to representatives of

00:53:50the Tamil Nadu State Archeological Department, consists of 6 sections, each 36 cm long and

00:53:5618 cm wide.

00:53:57These sections were carefully joined together, forming a water pipe with a length of 174

00:54:02centimeters.

00:54:03It is believed that it was used for transporting drinking water, which demonstrates advanced skills

00:54:09in civil engineering.

00:54:10This discovery also expands our understanding that advanced engineering practices existed not

00:54:15only in northern India, but also in the southern regions, indicating a more technologically

00:54:20advanced ancient India than previously thought.

00:54:24What did the Lisbon earthquake change?

00:54:28On November 1st, 1755, Lisbon was shaken by one of the most devastating earthquakes in European

00:54:33history.

00:54:35The force of nature struck the city with unexpected power, causing a tsunami and endless fires that

00:54:41intensified the destruction.

00:54:42The epicenter of the earthquake, estimated that a magnitude of about 8.5 to 9 on the Richter

00:54:48scale, was located in the Atlantic Ocean, near the Portuguese coast.

00:54:53The earthquake occurred in the morning, when most residents were preparing to celebrate

00:54:57All Saints' Day, adding a sense of mystery to this terrifying event.

00:55:01The destruction in Lisbon was colossal.

00:55:04About 85% of the city's buildings were destroyed, including important religious, historical and public

00:55:10structures.

00:55:11According to various estimates, the disaster claimed the lives of between 10,000 and 100,000

00:55:16people.

00:55:17Many died under the rubble, while others were killed by the tsunami that reached the coast

00:55:22shortly after the earthquake.

00:55:24Many believers saw the earthquake as God's punishment for the sins of humanity.

00:55:28This belief led to mass religious processions and public confessions in the hope of appeasing

00:55:33the heavens.

00:55:33On the other hand, this event prompted some philosophers and scientists to reflect on the

00:55:38natural causes of such disasters, which contributed to the development of a scientific approach

00:55:43to studying earthquakes.

00:55:44The reconstruction of Lisbon was overseen by Marquis Pombal, the Prime Minister of Portugal,

00:55:50who took decisive and innovative measures.

00:55:53Pombal organized the construction of a new city using earthquake-resistant structures and strategic

00:55:58urban planning, which included wide straight streets and buildings resistant to earthquakes.

00:56:03These measures not only helped to quickly restore the city, but also laid the foundation

00:56:07for modern urban planning methods.

00:56:09The impact of the Lisbon earthquake on the development of disaster response methods was

00:56:14enormous.

00:56:14The approaches of Marquis Pombal to managing the consequences of disasters and restoring infrastructure

00:56:20became the foundation for modern emergency management techniques.

00:56:24His actions demonstrate how important it is to respond quickly to crises, as well

00:56:28as to take lessons from the past to minimize losses in the future.

00:56:31Despite significant efforts and achievements, many aspects of the Lisbon earthquake remain

00:56:36shrouded in mystery.

00:56:38Questions about the exact causes and mechanisms of the earthquake and its long-term consequences

00:56:42for geology and society continue to concern scientists.

00:56:46These unresolved mysteries maintain scientific interest and stimulate continued research in

00:56:50the fields of seismology and civil protection.

00:56:53The Underground City

00:56:56Jirsan Cave, located in Saudi Arabia, is an important archaeological site that demonstrates

00:57:02the significant role of lava tubes in the lives of our ancestors.

00:57:06This 1.5 km lava tunnel, formed as a result of volcanic activity, served as a shelter for

00:57:12people for 7000 years.

00:57:14An international team of archaeologists discovered numerous artifacts here, which tell the story

00:57:19of how ancient people lived.

00:57:21Fragments of clothing, worked wood, remains of stone structures and tools, presumably used

00:57:27for household purposes, were found.

00:57:30Archaeologists also came across animal bones, which could have been either food waste or part

00:57:35of burials.

00:57:36The study of the remains shows that the dye of the cave inhabitants was richer in protein,

00:57:41but over time, the share of plant food from nearby oases increased.

00:57:46The caves were also used by herders as a temporary shelter while traveling between oases, which

00:57:52contributed to trade.

00:57:53This hypothesis is supported by rock art depicting livestock.

00:57:59Fingerprints of an Ancient Person Archaeologists discovered an astonishing Iron Age statue with

00:58:05well-preserved fingerprints of its creator, allowing us to glimpse the lives of our ancestors more

00:58:10than 3000 years ago.

00:58:11This ancient clay figure, dating back to the 9th or 10th century BC, was found at the bottom

00:58:17of a lake in Italy and, according to experts, has ritual significance.

00:58:22The discovery was made in Lake Balsina, a volcanic lake, where archaeologists found a clay sculpture

00:58:28resembling a female figure, about the size of a palm.

00:58:31Usually, such figures are found in burial sites.

00:58:34But this one was discovered in an area that was once a residential zone of a submerged settlement.

00:58:39The team from the Underwater Archaeology Service and the Italian Cultural Heritage Restoration

00:58:44Group, together with state divers, played a key role in preserving and recovering this

00:58:48artifact.

00:58:50Researchers note that the statue is so well-preserved, that the fingerprints of the master who created

00:58:54it are still visible on it.

00:58:57This suggests that the sculpture might have been a trial version rather than a finished work.

00:59:01This discovery also sheds light on the ancient Italian settlement of Iola, which, according

00:59:06to scientists, existed during the Iron Age.

00:59:09The region of Lijan-Gran Karodibolsen, where the discovery was made, is associated with volcanic

00:59:15activity and has a rich history, the study of which began only in 1991, when researchers

00:59:21discovered a cluster of unprocessed stones, presumably belonging to the early Iron Age.

00:59:28Tutankhamun from Kazakhstan in 1969, a burial of a man in golden armor, which became a symbol

00:59:34of the country, was found in Kazakhstan.

00:59:36The scientists, fascinated by the 4000 artifacts, forgot about the remains themselves.

00:59:42The golden armor of a warrior from the 5th century BC, known as the Golden Man, became

00:59:47a symbol of Kazakhstan's independence.

00:59:49He was found in the tomb of the Saka tribe near the settlement of Isik, 60 km east of Almaty.

00:59:55During the excavation, archaeologists discovered remains with gold-adorned armor and many other

01:00:00valuable artifacts.

01:00:01The burial, found by a farmer preparing the land for sowing, remained untouched despite the

01:00:07looting of the main tomb.

01:00:08In a sarcophagus, made of spruce logs, lay a skeleton adorned with 4000 gold ornaments.

01:00:14This discovery amazed scientists so much that the human remains initially received less attention.

01:00:18The golden man, who is called the Tutankhamun of Kazakhstan, is believed to be an 18-year-old

01:00:24warrior of the Saka tribe, dressed in an outfit with 1000 gold ornaments, including a shirt,

01:00:29boots and a headdress.

01:00:30The outfit features animal motifs and a 70 cm tall headdress decorated with arrows, snow

01:00:36leopards and mythical creatures.

01:00:38It was suggested that the remains might belong to a female priestess, referring to artifacts

01:00:43found nearby, such as a mirror and a necklace.

01:00:45In her book, Warrior Women, she put forward the theory that the golden man could have been

01:00:50a woman.

01:00:51The poor condition of the bones after 50 years of exposure to bacteria and viruses makes

01:00:56analysis difficult.

01:00:57But the possibility that the golden man was a woman remains open.

01:01:01Regardless of gender, the craftsmanship of the costume is impressive.

01:01:05Chalk, drums, archaeologists, while studying a Neolithic burial in England, discovered objects

01:01:12resembling small drums.

01:01:14These artifacts, carved from chalk, are decorated with intricate geometric patterns, such as spirals,

01:01:20zigzags and concentric circles.

01:01:22Despite their resemblance to drums, it is impossible to use them for their intended purpose.

01:01:27Chalk is too fragile a material and there are no signs of wear on the objects that are typical

01:01:32for musical instruments.

01:01:34This raises the question, what is their true purpose?

01:01:37One theory suggests that these objects could have been children's toys.

01:01:42Other researchers believe that these are ritual objects used in burial ceremonies.

01:01:46Both of these explanations account for the presence of the artifacts in burials.

01:01:50A particular point of interest is the theory that the ornaments on these drums could be an

01:01:55early form of writing, a proto-writing system.

01:01:58It is possible that ancient people tried to record some important information using these

01:02:02patterns.

01:02:03However, despite researchers' efforts, these mysterious symbols have not yet been deciphered.

01:02:08These unique artifacts continue to attract the attention of scientists, offering a glimpse

01:02:12into the past and an opportunity to try to understand the thoughts and customs of our ancestors.

01:02:17The mystery of the chalk drums remains one of the most intriguing enigmas of the Neolithic, highlighting

01:02:22the richness and complexity of the culture of that era.

01:02:25What secrets does the Mouth of Truth keep?

01:02:28The Mouth of Truth, Boca della Verita, is an ancient marble sculpture depicting the deity

01:02:34of the ocean and it dates back to the 1st century AD.

01:02:37With a diameter of 1.75 meters and a weight of 1,300 kilograms, this relic may date back

01:02:44to Roman times, serving as a sewer cover or a fountain element, considering the tradition

01:02:49of depicting river gods on such objects.

01:02:51Over time, this sculpture transformed from an ordinary architectural element into a mysterious

01:02:56object surrounded by mystical legends.

01:02:58The most famous story is about its ability to cut off the hand of a liar.

01:03:02According to one legend, a woman accused of infidelity managed to keep her hand and her

01:03:08honor by using cunning and feminine guile.

01:03:10The first mentions of this artifact date back to the 11th century and it received its current

01:03:15location near the Santa Maria in Cosmedin Church after being moved there in 1631, but worldwide

01:03:21fame came to the Mouth of Truth thanks to cinema, particularly the film Roman Holiday, where Gregory

01:03:27Peck and Audrey Hepburn experienced the magic of the sculpture, turning it into a symbol of

01:03:32Rome and a source of inspiration for many cultural works.

01:03:35Today, the Mouth of Truth is considered not just an ancient artifact, but also the most photographed

01:03:40manhole cover in the world, attracting thousands of tourists who want to test the ancient legend

01:03:45for themselves, a salt brick instead of money.

01:03:48On an ancient fresco found in a column at Calakmul, a UNESCO World Heritage Site on the Yucatan

01:03:54Peninsula in Mexico, the first documented case of salt trade among the Maya more than 2,500 years

01:04:00ago is depicted.

01:04:02On the fresco depicting everyday life, a salt seller shows a buyer a salt brick wrapped in

01:04:07leaves, while another person holds a large spoon over a basket, presumably filled with

01:04:12loose salt.

01:04:13This is the earliest known depiction of salt being sold at a market in the Maya region.

01:04:17Salt, being a necessary biological element and a means of preserving food, was a valuable

01:04:23commodity among the Maya due to its limited availability.

01:04:26Salt bricks could be easily transported by canoe along the coast and up the rivers in

01:04:31southern Belize.

01:04:33Archaeologist from Louisiana State University Heather McKillop in 2004 discovered the first

01:04:38remains of ancient salt kitchens, submerged and preserved in a saltwater mangrove lagoon in

01:04:43Belize.

01:04:44Since then, she and her team have explored 70 sites which make up a network of buildings

01:04:49and rooms known as the Payne's Creek Salt Works.

01:04:51McKillop's team discovered 4,042 wooden posts, a canoe, a paddle, a high-quality jadeite tool,

01:04:59stone tools for salting fish and meat, as well as hundreds of ceramic vessels.

01:05:04After studying the ceramic vessels used for evaporating brine, the researchers found they

01:05:10were standardized in volume, which indicates the production of uniform salt units, possibly

01:05:15used as a means of exchange similar to money.

01:05:18The Mysteries of the Codex Gigas The Codex Gigas, also known as the Devil's

01:05:24Bible, is an ancient manuscript that holds many mysteries.

01:05:28Created in the 13th century, it impresses with its size and content.

01:05:32Inside the book you can find not only the texts of the Old and New Testaments, but also an

01:05:37image of the Devil himself which takes up an entire page.

01:05:40However, the most intriguing are the astronomical maps, which appear unusually detailed for their

01:05:46time. This has given rise to many theories about the possible extraterrestrial origin of the

01:05:52knowledge used in creating the Codex. Some researchers believe that the manuscript may

01:05:57contain encrypted messages or knowledge passed down by extraterrestrial civilizations. Legend has it that

01:06:03the Codex Gigas was written by a monk in a single night with the help of the Devil. But what

01:06:09does this

01:06:10mysterious manuscript conceal? And is it possible that its pages contain encrypted keys to ancient

01:06:15knowledge that came from space? The Codex Gigas remains one of the most mysterious artifacts of antiquity, which we will

01:06:22definitely study someday. A monumental structure from biblical stories, archaeologists have discovered an ancient

01:06:30moat in Jerusalem mentioned in the Bible. The age of the structure located in the city of David exceeds 3000

01:06:36years. For a long time, scientists have been searching for evidence of the

01:06:40division of the city into two parts, as described in the Holy Scriptures. And now they have found a moat

01:06:45that separated

01:06:45the Temple Mount from the residential areas. The moat is about 9 meters deep and 30 meters wide. Experts believe

01:06:52that the

01:06:52moat was created in the Iron Age, which corresponds to the times described in the Book of Kings and the

01:06:57Book of Samuel. In the first

01:06:58book of Kings, it is said that Solomon fortified the Milo and repaired the breach in the wall of the

01:07:03city of David. King David founded the city

01:07:05to unite Israel around a single capital. Historians believe that the moat was used during the period when Jerusalem

01:07:11was the capital of the Kingdom of Judah, starting from the reign of King Josiah. The moat separated the

01:07:16southern residential areas from the upper city in the north, where the palace and the temple were located.

01:07:21It served both a defensive and a dividing function, emphasizing the power of the ruler of Jerusalem and

01:07:27his ability to protect the city. These discoveries confirmed the biblical texts. The ruins of the American

01:07:32hospital in France. Archaeologists have discovered the ruins of an American military hospital in Gagnet-Rganet,

01:07:39Dutertré in the commune of Savigny in northwestern France. This medical facility was built so that

01:07:45American soldiers would not have to depend on French hospitals. During World War I, several hundred such

01:07:51hospitals were built in the country, ranging from field hospitals to large complexes capable of

01:07:56accommodating up to 25,000 wounded and sick. During the excavation, they found medical vials, combs,

01:08:02buttons, a smoking pipe, a medical clamp, razors, watch case, cups and shoes. These artifacts give

01:08:09us an idea of everyday life in the hospital. The hospitals were strategically located near the ports

01:08:14of Nantes and Saint-Nazaire, close to major railway lines. The American hospital complexes functioned like

01:08:20autonomous cities with their own sewage and water supply systems. Some even had their own railway connections.

01:08:26The excavation site was divided into two parts. One was a fenced area for protecting the hospital.

01:08:33The other had 20 pits with construction debris and artifacts. If you want to learn more about ancient

01:08:39artifacts and events in our history, be sure to subscribe to the channel and tell your friends about us.

01:08:47The missing link of evolution. Whether humans descended from apes can be debated endlessly.

01:08:54However, certain stories about people indirectly support this theory. So, at a show in Philadelphia,

01:09:01they presented the missing link between humans and apes. Krau, a girl from Siam, Thailand, who was born

01:09:07in 1876. From birth, she was covered in hair, including a silky mane between her shoulder blades.

01:09:14At the age of six, she was found by the showman, the great Farini, who took the girl on tour

01:09:18across

01:09:19Europe and then to the United States. Krau became a star of the Ringling Brothers and Barnum and Bailey

01:09:25Circus. Krau was nicknamed the Ape Woman. She was often associated with Darwin's missing link.

01:09:31It was assumed that she belonged to a race of ape-like people who lived in trees.

01:09:35Despite the controversy of this claim, many famous naturalists and scientists accepted this version.

01:09:41Many works have been written about Krau, including the 1896 book Anomalies and Curiosities of Medicine,

01:09:48where her anthropomorphic features are described in detail. In reality, Krau was an intelligent and

01:09:53educated woman, who knew several languages and suffered from hypertrichosis. Unlike others, Krau was

01:10:00not exploited and led a dignified life, presenting herself on her own terms. She spent

01:10:05the last 20 years of her life in a private apartment, where she delighted guests and neighbors with her

01:10:10culinary skills and charm. Krau died of influenza on April 16, 1926. She never married, but remained

01:10:18true to her unique way of life. Miss Sunshine. Many women dream of being petite, but reality can take

01:10:26shocking, unexpected turns. The story of Medusa Van Aylen, a girl from Ohio born on March 19, 1908,

01:10:35is an example of this. Her growth stopped at six months old, and after that, only her head continued

01:10:42to grow. Despite her physical limitations, Medusa's mental abilities remained unchanged, and thanks to her

01:10:48parents' efforts and her own desire for knowledge, she received an education and became a writer.

01:10:53In the 1930s, Medusa became part of the Ripley show where she was presented as one of the wonders.

01:11:00At exhibitions, she claimed that she enjoyed life and found true pleasure in it. She rejected the idea

01:11:06of changing her condition to a normal one, believing that her uniqueness was part of her identity. Her

01:11:12performances in the circus were unusual. She was carried in people's arms, rocked like a baby, after

01:11:18which she made deep philosophical statements, making the audience reconsider their views on appearance

01:11:24and intellectual abilities. Medusa also wrote an autobiography reflecting on life and human potential

01:11:31in the world. Unfortunately, Medusa's life was short. She died at the age of 35 from a heart attack while

01:11:37on tour. But during her life, she left behind a legacy of courage and proof that the spirit can overcome

01:11:44physical limitations and that hope never dies. The oldest shopping list.

01:11:51When going to the store, many of us keep a grocery list on a piece of paper or in the

01:11:56notes app on our

01:11:56phones. But it wasn't always like this. During excavations in southern Turkey, archaeologists discovered

01:12:02a unique clay tablet with Akkadian cuneiform, which turned out to be the oldest shopping list known to us.

01:12:09This document, created 3500 years ago, gives us an idea of the daily life of the people of that time.

01:12:15The tablet was found in the ruins of the ancient city of Alalakh, which attracted the attention of

01:12:20scholars as early as the first half of the 20th century. But because of the war, excavations were

01:12:25suspended and resumed only in the 2000s. Recently, after the 2023 earthquake, during restoration work in

01:12:33Alalakh, another clay tablet was discovered. It measures 4.2 by 3.5 centimeters and a thickness of

01:12:411.6 centimeters. Deciphering the inscription showed that it is a shopping list, including wooden tables,

01:12:47chairs and stools. The document also mentions the names of buyers and sellers, making it an important

01:12:53source for understanding trade and daily life in the 15th century BC. According to Turkish archaeologists,

01:13:00this is the oldest shopping list that has survived to this day, and it is of great value for studying

01:13:05the history of the ancient Middle East. The story of an impressive figure.

01:13:11In the early 19th century, Daniel Lambert, born in 1770, became famous because of his unusual weight,

01:13:19which exceeded 300 kg. At that time, such a phenomenon was truly rare. Lambert, called the heaviest man in

01:13:27England, not only had impressive size, but also loved sports and led an active lifestyle in his youth.

01:13:33He worked as a prison warden, but after its closure in 1805, he was left without any means of subsistence,

01:13:40realizing that public interest in his person could become a source of income.

01:13:45Lambert accepted the idea of earning money by allowing people to look at him for a fee.

01:13:50After moving to London, he became a real celebrity, attracting attention not only with his appearance,

01:13:55but also with his intelligence, charm and wit. Nevertheless, Lambert faced hostility and rudeness

01:14:00from some spectators. However, he maintained his dignity and responded to unpleasant questions with wit.

01:14:07In the end, he earned enough to retire from public performances and return to a quiet life.

01:14:13Nevertheless, Lambert's fame continued to live on even after his death in 1809.

01:14:19His wax figure went on tour and was later destroyed in a fire. In 2009, on the anniversary of his

01:14:25death,

01:14:26Leicester celebrated Daniel Lambert Day, commemorating him as an iconic figure in the city's history.

01:14:33Chinese Mythology and Huangdi

01:14:34Huangdi, also known as the Yellow Emperor, is one of the key figures in Chinese history and mythology.

01:14:40He is considered the first emperor of China and a cultural hero who laid the foundations of Chinese

01:14:46civilization. Huangdi is portrayed as a wise ruler and great reformer, whose deeds and achievements

01:14:53deeply influenced the development of Chinese culture and society. According to legends, Huangdi

01:14:59descended from the heavens on a dragon which symbolized his divine origin and connection with

01:15:03the heavens. The dragon in Chinese mythology symbolizes strength, wisdom and power, and its

01:15:08association with Huangdi emphasizes the divine nature of the emperor and his special role in the history of

01:15:13China. Huangdi is credited with numerous achievements in the development of Chinese culture, among them

01:15:19the invention of the compass, which became a key tool for navigation and feng shui. He is also

01:15:24considered the creator of the first written symbols, which marked the beginning of Chinese writing and

01:15:29literature. Huangdi introduced a calendar system that is still used in traditional Chinese festivals.

01:15:35He is also credited with contributions to medicine, including acupuncture and herbal therapy.

01:15:39There is a theory that dragons in Chinese mythology may be interpretations of spaceships. Supporters of

01:15:46this hypothesis suggest that ancient Chinese people might have described encounters with highly advanced

01:15:52extraterrestrial beings and their technologies in the form of myths about flying dragons. In this context,

01:15:58the dragon that Huangdi arrived on could have been a symbolic depiction of a spaceship or another flying

01:16:03vehicle. Archaeological and historical evidence supporting the theory about Huangdi and dragons

01:16:10remains controversial and ambiguous. Excavations and studies of ancient texts are ongoing, but so far there is no

01:16:16definitive evidence supporting the hypotheses about spaceships. Most scholars adhere to traditional

01:16:22interpretations, viewing dragons as mythological creatures symbolizing natural forces and divine power.

01:16:29Butter in the bogs. The bog often becomes a real treasure for archaeologists, thanks to its preservation

01:16:37properties. Humic acid in peat bogs creates a pH level similar to vinegar, which allows objects to be

01:16:44preserved for hundreds and even thousands of years. Irish and Scottish bogs are especially famous, where butter

01:16:51is often found. To date, about 500 such discoveries have been recorded since the 17th century. Similar finds are

01:16:58also found in Norway, the Netherlands and Germany. The butter is usually found in wooden barrels,

01:17:05buckets, baskets and cups. Sometimes it is wrapped in birch bark and cloth, but a third of the fines have

01:17:11no packaging. The weight of the fines ranges from about 150 grams to 50 kilograms. The oldest Irish fine dates

01:17:18to between 1745 and 1635 BC, while the Scottish ones date back to the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC.

01:17:27The reasons for storing butter in bogs are varied. One theory is long-term storage. Archaeologist Daniel

01:17:34Fisher found that meat stored in peat bogs retained its properties just like in a freezer. Butter could

01:17:40also be used as a form of currency for trade, taxes or rent. Another reason could have been fermentation

01:17:47to improve the taste. Experiments by the Nordic Food Lab showed that butter stored in peat developed

01:17:54unique flavors and remained edible after a year and a half. The Aztec children Maximo and Bartola.

01:18:02A mysterious page of history has always protected people and the ancient Aztec civilization is no

01:18:07exception. It was this interest that an inventor and manager decided to take advantage of by creating

01:18:14an unusual hoax that first attracted attention in 1848. The story of Maxim and Bartola, a brother and

01:18:21sister from El Salvador, amazed the whole world. Their uniqueness lay not only in the rare disease

01:18:26of microcephaly, but also in the way they were presented to the public. After falling into the

01:18:30hands of the American manager Morris, following a series of deceptions and manipulations, their lives

01:18:35turned into a spectacle. Morris created an exciting story about children supposedly found in a lost Aztec

01:18:40temple and presented them as the last descendants of a sacred race. Dressing them in costumes with Aztec

01:18:46symbols and organizing public performances, he managed to convince the audience of their unusual origin.

01:18:51The interest in these Aztec children was enormous, not only among ordinary spectators, but also in the

01:18:56scientific community. After all, at that time the world was gripped by a craze for discovering ancient

01:19:01civilizations. Maxim and Bartola became stars and they were studied by scientists, met with presidents

01:19:06and kings and traveled around the world, inspiring admiration and controversy. But like all wonders,

01:19:12their fame faded over time. Attempts to revive interest in 1867 in London were unsuccessful and

01:19:19gradually Maxim and Bartola faded from the public eye. Despite their unknown fate in their later years,

01:19:26the story of these remarkable individuals remains a vivid example of how human imagination and thirst for

01:19:32knowledge can create unique stories. Let me ask you a question. Do you think a similar story could

01:19:38happen today and what would the reaction of the public and the scientific community be?

01:19:44Human blood on an ancient mask. A golden mask from a Sican sculpture found on the northern coast of

01:19:50Peru contains traces of human blood. The Sican culture, which existed from 750 to 1375 AD, is known for

01:20:00its luxurious gold artifacts, including funerary masks that were made during the Middle Sican period and

01:20:06often accompanied the elite in their tombs. In the 1990s archaeologists excavated the tomb of one such

01:20:13member of the elite. Inside they discovered a skeleton sitting upside down, painted bright red with

01:20:18cinnabar, with a gold mask covering the separated skull. Around the skeleton were the skeletons of two

01:20:24young women positioned as if giving birth and assisting a woman in labor, as well as two children. In a

01:20:30recent

01:20:31study scientists analyzed the paint on the mask and identified six human blood proteins including serum

01:20:35albumin and Imoglgubilin G. Proteins from egg white, presumably from a muscovy duck, were also found.

01:20:43Researchers believe that the presence of blood symbolized vitality and could have been connected

01:20:48to the idea of the deceased rebirth. Give this video a thumbs up and share it with your friends.

01:20:53Thank you for watching. Goodbye everyone!

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