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KirTop Top 100
Get ready for a wild ride through 100 mind-blowing discoveries that history still can't explain! From ancient mummies and mystical stones to lost cities, alien theories, and hilarious medieval hoaxes—this video has it all. Join us as we dive deep into the weirdest, spookiest, and most fascinating mysteries. Hit subscribe so you never miss out, and tell us in the comments which discovery blew your mind! #history #mystery #archaeology #ancient #unsolved

👉 This channel was created in collaboration with https://www.youtube.com/@kirtop-100samyh

0:00:00 - Introduction and Unexplained Archaeological Finds
0:06:16 - Mysterious Artifacts and Lost Civilizations
0:15:47 - Unsolved Mysteries and Rituals of the Ancient World
0:23:15 - Historic Disasters, Ancient Sites, and Forgotten Technologies
0:31:03 - Human Remains, Genetics, and Ancient Cultures
0:40:20 - Monumental Structures, Religious Sites, and Lost Knowledge
0:50:30 - Out-of-Place Artifacts and Alternative Theories
1:03:17 - Hoaxes, Debates, and the Limits of Our Knowledge

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Transcript
00:00:00I'm Kuretop and these are 100 incredible discoveries that no one can explain.
00:00:09Noom Mummy
00:00:11Do you know the legends about little creatures that lived underground?
00:00:14The Ainu, the indigenous people of Japan and Native Americans describe them as short beings living in underground worlds.
00:00:21Perhaps they are even the prototypes of human gnomes.
00:00:24In 1932 in the San Pedro mountains, gold prospectors blew up a rock
00:00:29and discovered a strange mummy weighing only 340 grams and measuring 46 cm tall.
00:00:35This dwarf was covered with a strange dark substance and its eyes seemed incredibly bulging.
00:00:40Scientists debated for a long time whether it was a doll, a mummy, a child or evidence of some ancient
00:00:46race.
00:00:47Unfortunately, the mummy disappeared and its fate can only be guessed at.
00:00:52Many ufologists consider it possible evidence of a near-human or even extraterrestrial race.
00:00:57Where this mysterious mummy is now, no one knows.
00:01:01The oldest doll in Italy
00:01:02Recently, archaeologists in Italy discovered a clay figurine about 7000 years old.
00:01:08This treasure was carefully preserved in Badifrada Cave, where the first agricultural communities on the peninsula lived.
00:01:15This artifact is a real rarity, especially for Italy, where such finds are almost non-existent.
00:01:20The figurine is a doll with a rather schematic face.
00:01:24But the most interesting thing is her hairstyle and jewelry, which are made with special attention to detail.
00:01:30Just think about it.
00:01:327000 years ago people used this cave not only as a source of water or a place for living, hunting
00:01:37and farming.
00:01:38They also performed their mysterious rituals there.
00:01:40And it seems that this little clay doll was one of the main figures in these ceremonies.
00:01:45Unfortunately, we still have little concrete evidence about exactly how these ancient rituals were performed.
00:01:51But this figurine is a valuable key to unlocking the mysteries of the past.
00:01:56The oldest bridge in England
00:01:57In England there is an amazing wooden bridge from the Neolithic era and it is almost 6000 years old.
00:02:04This path called Sweet Track is located across the marshy area in the Somerset levels.
00:02:09It was named after Ray Sweet who discovered it in 1970.
00:02:14The exact dating was determined using dendrochronology.
00:02:17The sweet track was created as a shortcut across the marsh.
00:02:21It was actively used for 10 years but then it was abandoned, possibly due to rising water levels.
00:02:27Items found along the track include stone axes, arrows, fragments of a dish, parts of bows, bone hooks and a
00:02:34fragment of a spoon.
00:02:35The length of the road is about 1.8 km and it connected two Neolithic settlements on different sides of
00:02:42the bog.
00:02:43Today, Sweet Track is considered the oldest known road in England.
00:02:47Surprisingly, the technology for making such wooden walkways has hardly changed over the past millennia.
00:02:53This unique discovery allows us to learn more about the lives of people in the Neolithic era and their ways
00:02:59of getting around.
00:03:01Ceramic figurines from Mexico
00:03:03In 1944, thousands of ceramic figurines were discovered in the Mexican city of Acombaro
00:03:10which have since sparked heated debates among scholars.
00:03:13These figurines depict people, animals and even dinosaurs
00:03:17which has led to speculation about possible contact between ancient civilizations and dinosaurs
00:03:22or the existence of a civilization that possessed incredible knowledge about the ancient world.
00:03:27Some supporters of alternative theories even suggest hypotheses about extraterrestrial origin or influence.
00:03:33However, the authenticity of the Acombaro figurines is seriously doubted by most scientists.
00:03:39Researchers believe that these artifacts may be modern forgeries created to attract attention or for commercial gain.
00:03:46The lack of reliable dating and archaeological context increases skepticism about their authenticity.
00:03:54100,000 Ancient Coins
00:03:56In Mayabash, Japan, archaeologists made a unique discovery of over 100,000 ancient coins,
00:04:03including Chinese Banliang coins dated to 175 BC.
00:04:09These coins found during the construction of a factory date from the 7th to the 13th centuries,
00:04:14they were tied in bundles of 100 pieces using Sashi straw ropes.
00:04:18This place, located near the ruins of the Qin dynasty palace,
00:04:22was likely chosen to hide the treasures because of the approaching war.
00:04:25A total of 1,060 Sashi bundles were found, some of which contained up to 1,000 coins.
00:04:32Analysis of 334 coins from the hoard revealed 44 different types of currency
00:04:37covering the period from the Western Han dynasty to the Southern Song dynasty.
00:04:41The earliest Banliang coin has a diameter of 2.3 cm,
00:04:46a square hole in the center and a thickness of 1 mm.
00:04:50The latest coin dates back to 1265, indicating that the hoard was hidden during the Kamakura period.
00:04:58The skull from the quarry
00:05:01The next incredible story is about the famous Piltdown man.
00:05:06We go back to 1912 to the small village of Piltdown in England.
00:05:11In a gravel quarry they found the bones of an ancient human who lived more than half a million years
00:05:16ago,
00:05:17but not just any human.
00:05:18This skull looked like a mix between an ape and a human,
00:05:22as if it were the missing link in evolution.
00:05:25Archaeologists, including the famous Charles Dawson,
00:05:27were thrilled and even named the find after him, Eoanthropus Dawsoni.
00:05:31More bones and a canine tooth, which definitely belonged to this ancient human,
00:05:36were found in the quarry.
00:05:38The Piltdown man became a celebrity and was considered an ancestor of modern humans.
00:05:42However, in 1953 the truth was revealed, it was all a forgery.
00:05:48The skull was stained and made to look ancient, while the jaw belonged to an orangutan.
00:05:53Even the canine tooth was painted.
00:05:56Many suspect Dawson himself of creating this forgery.
00:05:58There are also other suspects including the famous writer Arthur Conan Doyle.
00:06:03But the mystery remains unsolved.
00:06:06The Piltdown man became one of the most notorious archaeological hoaxes.
00:06:10As you can see, even scientists can be deceived.
00:06:14Do you believe this story?
00:06:16The Glozelle Tablet.
00:06:18The Tablet.
00:06:19In 1924 clay tablets, with mysterious symbols and images,
00:06:24were discovered in the small village of Glozelle, in France,
00:06:28which sparked heated debates in the scientific community.
00:06:31These artifacts, discovered by a young farmer named Emile Afar,
00:06:35turned out to be so unusual that it was impossible to link them to any known ancient civilization.
00:06:41The tablets contain symbols and images reminiscent of ancient ones.
00:06:45However, their origin and meaning remain unclear.
00:06:50Some researchers have hypothesized that the Glozelle Tablets could be evidence of a lost or unknown culture
00:06:55that developed in this region thousands of years ago.
00:07:00Another, more radical theory suggests that these tablets may be traces of extraterrestrial intervention,
00:07:07although there is very little evidence for this.
00:07:09However, the authenticity of the tablets remains in question.
00:07:13Since their discovery, scientists have conducted numerous studies to determine
00:07:17whether they are genuine ancient artifacts or skillful forgeries.
00:07:21To this day, none of the theories have been definitively confirmed,
00:07:26and the Glozelle Tablets remain one of the most mysterious archaeological discoveries of the 20th century.
00:07:33The Rotating Egyptian Statue
00:07:36There are rumors that a certain ancient Egyptian statue, discovered in a museum,
00:07:42mysteriously rotates on its pedestal at night, and for a long time it was believed to be cursed.
00:07:47In reality, the explanation was much simpler.
00:07:50Researchers stated that they have evidence of external vibrations that caused the 25cm statue to rotate.
00:07:56Egyptologist from the museum, Campbell Price, suggested that the museum might have been struck by an ancient curse.
00:08:02However, Professor Brian Cox gave a more realistic explanation.
00:08:06He believes that it is the differential friction between the statue's stone and the glass shelf that causes vibration,
00:08:12making the statue rotate.
00:08:13Expert Steve Gosling installed vibration sensors under the cabinet,
00:08:17and detected vibrations caused by passers-by in traffic on the busy road nearby.
00:08:22This phenomenon may attract new tourists to the museum to learn more about ancient Egypt.
00:08:27The spinning days of the Nebsanu statue have come to an end.
00:08:30Now, a membrane has been attached to the base of the statues and other exhibits to prevent movement in the
00:08:35future.
00:08:38The Lidenberg heads are a set of clay heads discovered in South Africa.
00:08:43They are dated to the year 500 AD and are the oldest known examples of Iron Age art, south of
00:08:51the equator.
00:08:53In 1957, when he was a ten-year-old boy, Ludwig von Beysing found these heads on his father's farm.
00:09:01A total of seven heads were found.
00:09:03Two of them are large enough to fit on a child's head.
00:09:06The other five are half the size.
00:09:08They are all different, but each has something in common.
00:09:12For example, the clay rings on the neck, which may have symbolized prosperity.
00:09:16Perhaps they were worn as masks during rituals.
00:09:19Or they were attached to something during ceremonies.
00:09:23Metal objects from Gaius La Mana cave in Ecuador have attracted the attention of not only archaeologists,
00:09:29but also fans of mysticism and ufology for many years.
00:09:33The story about the discovery of metal objects in these caves is shrouded in mystery and mysticism.
00:09:39According to legends, metal plates were discovered in La Mana,
00:09:43engraved with symbols that resemble modern diagrams, maps and even technical drawings.
00:09:49These discoveries became the basis for hypotheses about the existence of an ancient,
00:09:53previously unknown civilization with highly developed technologies,
00:09:56or about contacts between ancient people and extraterrestrial beings.
00:10:01Supporters of these theories claim that such complex and detailed symbols
00:10:05could not have been created with primitive tools and must indicate more advanced knowledge.
00:10:11Some researchers even suggest that the plates could have served as star maps
00:10:16or technological instructions left by extraterrestrials.
00:10:21However, most scientists are quite skeptical about these findings.
00:10:25There is no convincing evidence that the metal objects from La Mana actually date back to ancient times.
00:10:31Some experts point to possible traces of modern metalworking and the inconsistency of these artifacts
00:10:37with the styles and technologies known in ancient Ecuador.
00:10:40Moreover, there are no reliable datings or context for the discovery of these items,
00:10:44which further undermines their authenticity.
00:10:48Archaeologists believe that these artifacts could have been created in a later period,
00:10:52possibly as part of a hoax or to attract tourists.
00:10:56Thus, despite the fascinating and mysterious stories about the metal objects from the La Mana Caves,
00:11:01their origin and significance remain in question.
00:11:04The story of the La Mana Caves is an example of how myths and legends can intertwine with reality,
00:11:11creating exciting but often unreliable accounts of our past.
00:11:16Gilmerton Cave
00:11:17Gilmerton Cave in Scotland, once considered one of the oldest sites in the country,
00:11:22has recently become the subject of scientific debate.
00:11:25Located in the suburb of Edinburgh, Gilmerton, the cave was opened to the public only 20 years ago,
00:11:31but its true origins still raise questions.
00:11:33The cave, consisting of two corridors and eight rooms, is entirely hand-carved into sandstone.
00:11:39It was once believed to have served as a druid temple and was sealed by them to preserve the sanctity
00:11:44of the place.
00:11:45However, new evidence casts doubt on this version.
00:11:49Some researchers suggest that the cave might have been used as a secluded pub,
00:11:53although the presence of several such establishments in a small village makes this theory unlikely.
00:11:57The complexity and quality of the sandstone workmanship in the cave, as well as the presence of curved horn-shaped
00:12:04tables,
00:12:04indicate a period before the beginning of the peasant era.
00:12:07Therefore, the construction of the cave is presumably dated to around 500 BC,
00:12:12up to 500 AD, a period when druids might have lived in the region.
00:12:16Research on the cave continues, and the discovered hidden part of the bay may reveal even more secrets in the
00:12:21future.
00:12:22Scientists do not rule out that, in the future, the Gilmerton Cave may be recognized as a uniquely preserved sanctuary
00:12:29of ancient culture,
00:12:30despite numerous mysteries and the lack of concrete evidence about its original purpose.
00:12:35The discovery of sixteen hands.
00:12:38Recently archaeologists found something shocking in the city of Avaris.
00:12:42Sixteen human hands, buried in four pits near the palace.
00:12:45And you know what's the strangest part?
00:12:48All of these hands are right hands.
00:12:50And they all belonged to rather large people.
00:12:52These hands are traces of an ancient custom described in Egyptian texts.
00:12:57Soldiers would cut off the right hand of an enemy and exchange it for gold.
00:13:01By cutting off the right hand soldiers not only made it easier to count defeated enemies,
00:13:05but also symbolically took away their strength.
00:13:07Whose hands these were remains a mystery.
00:13:09These could have been the hands of Egyptians, or those they fought, the Hyksos.
00:13:14Such a cruel custom existed among both the Hyksos and the Egyptians.
00:13:18No one knows who started it first.
00:13:20But cruel treatment of prisoners was common in ancient Egypt.
00:13:58The mystical stones of Jalisco, piedras grabadas o hielos de Jalisco, are mysterious stones found in the Mexican state of
00:14:06Galisco, on which strange figures, scenes and symbols are carved.
00:14:11These stones have attracted the attention of researchers and UFO enthusiasts because of the images that, according to some, indicate
00:14:18contact between ancient civilizations and extraterrestrial beings.
00:14:22The stones depict people interacting with figures resembling aliens, as well as objects similar to modern representations of UFOs.
00:14:30Supporters of the ancient astronaut theory claim that these stones may be important evidence that the ancient cultures of Jalisco
00:14:38really did encounter extraterrestrial beings, or at least perceived such contacts within their myths and legends.
00:14:45Despite their controversial nature and lack of scientific evidence, the stones continue to attract interest as a possible artifact, reflecting
00:14:53the interaction between mythology and reality in ancient cultures.
00:14:56They still attract the interest of antiquities enthusiasts, raising questions about how our ancestors might have perceived or interpreted unusual
00:15:04phenomena.
00:15:05An ivory figurine.
00:15:07In the Holyfels cave in Germany, archaeologists found a fragment of ivory carved with unprecedented precision.
00:15:15This mysterious piece appears to be part of an artifact discovered 20 years ago.
00:15:20So, what is it? A large horse's head? Or perhaps a bear or a lion?
00:15:25Professor Konert from the University of Tübingen and his team suggest that the figurine was carved about 35,000 years
00:15:32ago, during the Ice Age.
00:15:34And now it consists of 5 fragments found at different times.
00:15:38The current find, a piece of ivory measuring 4x2.5x0.5 cmas, was identified as the right shoulder and ribcage
00:15:46of the animal.
00:15:46This prompted scientists to search for the remaining parts of the figurine among the many ivory artifacts.
00:15:53And they found another part that cannot be directly connected to the rest of the body.
00:15:57Maybe it's part of the left front leg. What do you think?
00:16:01The Persian Princess Fake Mummy or Modern Murder
00:16:07In 2000 Pakistani authorities acquired a mummy presented as the Persian Princess and held a press conference to show everyone
00:16:16this unique discovery.
00:16:17It was assumed that the mummy was the daughter of King Xerxes I, dated to around 600 BC.
00:16:23The discovery sparked international disputes between Pakistan, Iran and Afghanistan over who was the rightful owner of the mummy.
00:16:32However, after conducting actual research, it became clear that the mummy was a fake.
00:16:37The coffin in which the mummy was found was made from wood that is only 250 years old.
00:16:42The mummy itself was much younger, belonged to a 20-year-old woman and was made only a few years
00:16:49ago.
00:16:49Thus, the study of the mummy turned into an investigation of a modern murder.
00:16:54This incident served as a reminder of the complexities associated with the antiquities and forgery market,
00:17:01as well as the need for thorough research before recognizing an artifact as a genuine historical discovery.
00:17:07From this story, we can conclude that many mummies are actually the result of real modern-day murders.
00:17:12The mystery of the flying stones.
00:17:14India has always been shrouded in mystery and intrigue.
00:17:18In every corner of the country, you can find something amazing and incredible.
00:17:23Many people come here for new experiences, to discover unknown spiritual abilities within themselves.
00:17:30Once you've visited this amazing country, it's impossible to forget it.
00:17:34One of the mysteries of India is the levitating stones in the small village of Shivapur,
00:17:38which is located 200 km from Bombay.
00:17:41Near the local temple, there are several boulders, each weighing more than 50 kg.
00:17:46According to the locals, these stones can rise into the air.
00:17:49To lift the first heavier stone, it takes 11 men.
00:17:53They have to stand around it and say certain words.
00:17:56After that, the stone begins to levitate, and it can be supported with just one finger.
00:18:01The smaller boulder requires 9 men to lift it.
00:18:04There is also a third stone, weighing over 60 kg, which can only be lifted by the temple monks.
00:18:10The origin of these stones is mysterious.
00:18:13Some believe that they were sent by the gods.
00:18:16Others think that they broke off from a nearby cliff.
00:18:18A local resident, who takes care of the temple, claims that the stones crack from time to time.
00:18:23And he replaces them with new ones, breaking them off from the cliff.
00:18:27But even the new stones are preserved.
00:18:29Some scientists suggest that ancient people could move objects with the power of their minds.
00:18:34For example, during the construction of the Egyptian pyramids.
00:18:37Perhaps the knowledge of levitation was lost.
00:18:40But sometimes that knowledge resurfaces in places like Shivapur.
00:18:44Interestingly, in the last century,
00:18:46Eduard Leidskalnin, an immigrant from Latvia, used similar methods to build his coral castle in Florida.
00:18:52This only confirms the existence of such knowledge.
00:18:56These unexplained phenomena support the hypothesis of extraterrestrial influence on ancient civilizations,
00:19:02suggesting that some technologies or methods could have been passed on to humanity by beings from other worlds.
00:19:08The Singapore stone.
00:19:10In front of you is a huge sandstone rock that is several centuries old.
00:19:15It stood at the mouth of the Singapore river, like a steadfast guardian of time.
00:19:20You can see strange symbols on it.
00:19:22This is an inscription that has never been deciphered.
00:19:25It may have been made in old Javanese or Sanskrit.
00:19:28Maybe it was commissioned by some influential Sumatran.
00:19:31This stone is even associated with a legendary strongman from the 14th century named Badang.
00:19:37They say he threw the stone into the river and later stone columns were erected in his honor.
00:19:42But what happened to it next?
00:19:44In 1843 the stone was blown up to widen the passage at the river mouth.
00:19:48Only fragments of it remain.
00:19:51And one of them is now in the National Museum of Singapore as a national treasure.
00:19:56This stone is not just an old piece of sandstone.
00:19:58It's a mystery that scientists are trying to unravel.
00:20:02The secret held by this inscription will tell us more about the past and the people who lived in ancient
00:20:07times.
00:20:07Perhaps technologies from the future will help us decipher it.
00:20:12A ritual axe that is 4,500 years old.
00:20:16In China, in the city of Wuchi, archaeologists discovered an ancient ritual weapon.
00:20:21A 4,500 year old axe with an engraving.
00:20:24The axe belongs to the Liangzhu culture, one of the most advanced cultures in China at that time.
00:20:31This culture lived in the Yangtze river delta, but when floods occurred, the Liangzhu people were forced to leave their
00:20:37capital and settlement.
00:20:38This led to their complete disappearance around 2300 BC.
00:20:43Scientists found 329 stone tools, 73 stone and bone arrows, and many other artifacts made of ceramics and jade.
00:20:51The most interesting item is an axe.
00:20:54On both sides of which, images of tigers, cloud patterns and birds are engraved.
00:20:59The axe was found on a sacrificial platform, and it shows signs of wear and damage.
00:21:04Scientists believe that the axe was not used in battles, but in rituals and ceremonies to symbolize power.
00:21:10Liu Baoshan, the head of the local archaeological institute, said that the patterns on the axe were made using a
00:21:16harder stone tool.
00:21:17This is the first axe with a tiger engraving found in this region.
00:21:21Now we will dive even deeper into history and find out what our ancestors ate more than 100,000 years
00:21:28ago.
00:21:29Shiva Lingam
00:21:30In the city of Circe in India, there is a unique pilgrimage site called Sahasralinga.
00:21:36Here, among the natural beauty, there are stone images of Shiva Lingam that amaze with their appearance, especially during the
00:21:43Maha Mahashivaratri festival.
00:21:45At this time, the water level in the river drops, making the sculptures visible and attracting thousands of pilgrims and
00:21:51tourists who wish to see and worship the sacred Lingams.
00:21:55Shiva Lingam is a symbol of Shiva, one of the main deities in Hinduism, representing the source of creation and
00:22:00destruction.
00:22:02Interestingly, there are not only religious, but also scientific debates surrounding the Shiva Lingam.
00:22:08Some proponents of the ancient astronaut theory claim that the Shiva Lingam could represent a powerful technological device similar in
00:22:16function to a modern nuclear reactor.
00:22:18Based on the shape and properties of the Lingam, they suggest that ancient people might have used advanced technologies.
00:22:24On the other hand, modern scientists interpret the Shiva Lingam as a symbol of atomic energy, which also has the
00:22:32potential for both great benefit and destruction.
00:22:35This analogy highlights the dual nature of Shiva, who in Hindu tradition is both a creator and a destroyer at
00:22:41the same time.
00:22:43The Curse of the Polish King's Tomb
00:22:46I'll tell you about a mysterious story connected to the Jagiellonian Curse.
00:22:51Surely you know that Casimir IV Jagiellon was a very successful king of Poland.
00:22:56He made his dynasty one of the most important in Europe and even gained access to the sea.
00:23:00When Casimir died, his wife Elizabeth of Habsburg commissioned a stunning tomb for him.
00:23:06It was a true masterpiece of art, decorated with coats of arms and biblical scenes.
00:23:11When the Queen also died, she was buried next to her husband.
00:23:15In 1973, it was decided to open this tomb in order to carry out restoration.
00:23:20However, after working on the tomb, 10 out of 12 people who participated in the restoration died.
00:23:26This sparked rumors of the Jagiellonian Curse as if touching the tomb leads to death.
00:23:31But you know what? Scientists found an explanation for this.
00:23:34There was a dangerous fungus in the tomb that causes serious illnesses.
00:23:38This fungus usually lives on dead bodies and when people opened the tomb, they inhaled its toxic spores.
00:23:45There is a theory that this fungus also lives on ancient Egyptian mummies.
00:23:49Maybe the workers who opened the pharaoh's tombs also suffered from the mummy's curse because of this fungus.
00:23:54But this is just a theory, since there is no direct evidence linking the fungus to the deaths.
00:23:59In the end, the fungus could have been the real source of the Jagiellonian Curse and the mummy's curse.
00:24:04Even though it's not mystical, it still sounds mysterious and interesting, doesn't it?
00:24:08So even today, when passing by ancient tombs and mummies, remember this mysterious story and be careful.
00:24:13An artifact more valuable than gold.
00:24:17In 2023, in Carlisle in Northern England, a unique artifact was discovered at the site of an ancient Roman bath,
00:24:24made from a special substance that was more valuable than gold to the ancient Romans.
00:24:29This item found by volunteers and archaeologists is a solid sample of Tyrian purple.
00:24:35To obtain this ancient dye, it was necessary to process about 12,000 mollusks that live in the Mediterranean region.
00:24:42Tyrian purple, best known for being produced in the city of Tyre in Lebanon,
00:24:47was valued for its brightness and durability and was used for dyeing clothes and painting walls.
00:24:52The process of making it was complex and labor-intensive, which made this pigment extremely expensive and available only to
00:24:59the upper classes of the Roman Empire.
00:25:01The sample found in Carlisle was used for creating frescoes or dyeing fabrics.
00:25:05This is the only known example of a solid sample of Tyrian purple in Northern Europe and possibly in the
00:25:11entire Roman Empire.
00:25:12This discovery not only highlights the complexity and richness of ancient Roman culture,
00:25:18but also contributes to further study of the interactions between ancient civilizations
00:25:22and the spread of their cultural and material achievements beyond traditional boundaries.
00:25:27A 1,600-year-old woman's sandal.
00:25:30Archaeologists in Turkey have made an amazing discovery.
00:25:34Women's sandals and a wooden comb that are about 1,600 years old.
00:25:39It is reported that there is an inscription in Greek on the sole of the sandals.
00:25:44Use in good health, ladies. Wear for beauty and happiness.
00:25:47The artifacts were found at the site of the ancient port of Theodosius,
00:25:51founded on the shore of the Sea of Marmara at the end of the 4th century AD.
00:25:55During the Byzantine era, the port was considered one of the important harbors of Constantinople.
00:26:00Today, Theodosius is located in one of the districts of Istanbul, where archaeological excavations are being carried out.
00:26:05Scientists believe that the sandals and the comb have been well-preserved due to the lack of oxygen in the
00:26:10soil,
00:26:11since the ancient port was covered with a thick layer of sand.
00:26:14This unique discovery allows us to learn more about the lives of people in those times,
00:26:18and about the fashion that was popular among women.
00:26:21Meteor P. Women's burials were adorned with bronze neck rings and other jewelry.
00:26:26In addition, wooden buckets and valuable items were found next to some of the deceased,
00:26:31including slate spindles, bracelets, penannular brooches, bronze belt rings,
00:26:36a necklace made of cowry shells, and various weapons.
00:26:39According to archaeologists, the orientation of the burials and the burial customs
00:26:43are similar to the traditions of the tribes of the Western Baltic.
00:26:47A temple with amazing treasures on the Greek island of Ivia,
00:26:51archaeologists have discovered unique finds in a 2000-year-old temple,
00:26:55including precious jewelry and bronze figurines.
00:26:58The temple, dating back to the 7th century BC, was studied by a group of 50 scientists.
00:27:03During the excavations, valuable artifacts were found,
00:27:07Corinthian alabasters, attic vases, and locally made ritual trays,
00:27:11as well as jewelry made of gold, silver, and coral.
00:27:14Inside the temple, structures were found that were probably used as altars,
00:27:18including a unique horseshoe-shaped altar.
00:27:21Unique thick layers of ash with charred bones indicate its ritual use.
00:27:26Scientists suggest that some of the altars appeared before the construction of the temple itself.
00:27:30During the first phase of the horseshoe-shaped altar's use,
00:27:34pottery dating back to the end of the 8th century BC was found.
00:27:38Special attention was drawn to bronze figurines from the geometric period,
00:27:42depicting bulls and a ram, found in one of the oldest parts of the temple.
00:27:48Mystical petroglyphs
00:27:49The distance from Egypt to Australia is 12 and a half thousand kilometers.
00:27:54However, as archaeological discoveries show, for ancient people, this distance was easily overcome.
00:28:00The Gosford glyphs are mysterious petroglyphs discovered in a rocky area near the city of Gosford in Australia.
00:28:07These images on the stone amazed researchers with their resemblance to ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs.
00:28:12The glyphs depict scenes and symbols that indicate that these images may indicate possible contact between ancient Australian tribes and
00:28:22extraterrestrial beings or even ancient Egyptian journeys to Australia.
00:28:27Proponents of the ancient astronaut theory claim that these glyphs could be evidence that in the distant past there were
00:28:33interactions between different ancient cultures or even with extraterrestrial civilizations.
00:28:38However, skeptics come in here as well and point out numerous inconsistencies, believing that the glyphs could have been created
00:28:45in modern times, possibly as a hoax or as the work of local Aboriginal people, who use symbols similar to
00:28:51Egyptian ones.
00:28:52The question of the origin and authenticity of the Gosford glyphs remains open.
00:28:57At the moment, there is no convincing evidence confirming their antiquity or connection with extraterrestrial civilizations, which makes this discovery
00:29:05one of the most enigmatic archaeological mysteries in Australia.
00:29:09A monastery in Sudan decorated with Christian frescoes, archaeologists from Poland discovered a mysterious complex of rooms with Christian frescoes
00:29:19in the medieval monastery of Old Dongola in Africa.
00:29:22This city was the capital of Makuria, one of the well-known African states that became Christian in the 6th
00:29:27century.
00:29:28The scientists were studying houses from the 16th to 19th centuries and accidentally found a church with beautiful frescoes and
00:29:35inscriptions in Greek and Old Nubian.
00:29:37Under one of the houses, they discovered a secret passage leading to a room with amazing frescoes on the walls.
00:29:43The walls depicted the Virgin Mary, Christ, Archangel Michael and a Nubian ruler.
00:29:48The unique feature of this painting is that the ruler bows and kisses the hand of Christ while Archangel Michael
00:29:55protects them with his wings.
00:29:56Such a scene has no parallels in Nubian art.
00:29:59Another unusual fresco is the image of the Virgin Mary, dressed in dark clothes, holding a cross and a book.
00:30:05Christ on the opposite wall is also holding a book and giving a blessing.
00:30:09Interest in the history of ancient African civilizations and cultures is growing and discoveries like this one are becoming a
00:30:16kind of key to understanding the continents past.
00:30:19Now scientists want to find out what these mysterious rooms were used for and how exactly they were connected to
00:30:25the lives of people at that time.
00:30:27Perhaps in the future archaeologists will be able to uncover even more hidden mysteries connected with this amazing complex in
00:30:34Old Dongola and other African states.
00:30:36It is important to preserve these findings and continue studying history and culture in order to pass on knowledge about
00:30:42ancient civilizations to future generations.
00:30:44That's why our channel exists and I recommend subscribing and clicking the bell so you don't miss a new video.
00:30:51Lost Ancient Cities
00:30:54Archaeologists have discovered ancient cities in the Amazon rainforests, where up to 30,000 people could have lived about 2
00:31:02,000 years ago.
00:31:03This was reported in the journal Science.
00:31:05Using ultrasonic radar, a team led by Steven Royston from the French National Center for Scientific Research explored the area
00:31:13and found many structures and roads underground.
00:31:15Before the arrival of the Spanish, the Kilimope and Upanu peoples lived here.
00:31:20Royston called this place the lost valley of ancient cities, emphasizing its uniqueness and importance for understanding the history of
00:31:27the Amazon.
00:31:27The discovered cities, built over a vast area, included residential and public buildings surrounded by agricultural fields with drainage canals.
00:31:36Roads connected the cities. Some of the roads reached up to 20 kilometers in length.
00:31:41Royston notes that the locals used clay instead of stone for construction.
00:31:46These cities existed from 500 BC to 300-600 AD, parallel to the Roman Empire in Europe, and lasted for
00:31:54about a thousand years.
00:31:56The Namali Figurines
00:31:59One of the most mysterious artifacts of the African continent is the Namali Figurines, found in Sierra Leone, in West
00:32:06Africa.
00:32:07These ancient sculptures, carved from stone, depict strange creatures with disproportionately large heads, bulging eyes, and other unusual features that
00:32:16are not characteristic of human anatomy.
00:32:18Some of them even depict scenes that can be interpreted as mythological or religious.
00:32:23The unique shapes and features of these Figurines have attracted the attention not only of archaeologists, but also of supporters
00:32:30of ancient astronaut theories.
00:32:32Some researchers believe that the Namali Figurines may represent images of extraterrestrial beings with whom the ancient inhabitants of the
00:32:39region may have had contact.
00:32:41In their opinion, the strange proportions and features of the Figurines may indicate that they were created under the impression
00:32:48of real beings of extraterrestrial origin.
00:32:51Although this theory lacks scientific evidence, it adds an aura of mystery to the Namali Figurines, and attracts the attention
00:32:58of ufologists and fans of mysticism.
00:33:01Mainstream scholarship regards the Namali Figurines as religious or ritual objects, and it believes that these artifacts were most likely
00:33:09used in ancient ceremonies or rituals related to the worship of gods or spirits, as they could have symbolized certain
00:33:15mythological characters.
00:33:17As I told you before, when archaeologists or historians can't explain the origin of an artifact, it inevitably becomes an
00:33:25object of religious significance.
00:33:27Interestingly, Namali Figurines are often found deep in the ground, sometimes together with other ancient artifacts, various iron objects or
00:33:35weapons, which makes it more difficult to date them and determine their cultural context.
00:33:41Some findings suggest that these artifacts may have existed in very ancient times, possibly long before the appearance of known
00:33:48civilizations in this region.
00:33:51From Glass to the Death Disc
00:33:53Another finding that has been studied by archaeologists and scientists from all over the world for more than 50 years,
00:34:00it was discovered in the well-known ancient city of Teotihuacan in 1963.
00:34:06They discovered it, but no one knows what to do with it next, except to display it in a museum.
00:34:12Historians also can't figure out what the ancient Aztecs did with this disc.
00:34:16The name Disc of Death was given not only because of the skull placed in the center of the disc.
00:34:22During their rituals, the Aztecs performed various gruesome ceremonies.
00:34:26In this case, we can assume that the disc was used during sacrifices.
00:34:30And most likely, the disc was reusable, because the stonework and the detail of the design are impressive even today.
00:34:37There is an opinion that not even humans, but some other beings were involved in working the stone.
00:34:43But that's just the opinion of some scholars.
00:34:46I think the stone was crafted by skilled masters.
00:34:49After the reconstruction of the disc, it shows a direct resemblance to the halos depicted on icons of Christian saints.
00:34:56This led to the assumption that the disc and the icon paintings do not show some abstract halo of holiness,
00:35:02but rather a technical structure like a spacesuit helmet.
00:35:06Because of this, the idea emerged that some other forces that created the disc, even on some icons,
00:35:12objects resembling flying saucers were noticed at one time.
00:35:16Teotihuacan, where the death disc was discovered, translates from Aztec as the place where gods descend from the heavens.
00:35:23Because of this, this place is symbolic.
00:35:26And, according to some historians, aliens landed here in ancient times,
00:35:30and the road of the dead, leading to the pyramid of the Sunday, was a runway.
00:35:34Whenever it is impossible to explain some artifact or event, the most absurd ideas come to mind.
00:35:40I hope that archaeologists will be able to find something that can explain the real purpose and origin of the
00:35:46Aztec death disc.
00:35:48Have you ever wondered what else destroys ancient artifacts?
00:35:52The Kochno stone.
00:35:54This massive stone, located near the city of Clydebank in Scotland,
00:35:58is covered with intricate carved patterns consisting of spirals, circles and lines,
00:36:03and it is still considered one of the most mysterious archaeological finds in Scotland.
00:36:08After conducting numerous analyses, scientists have confirmed that the stone is about 5,000 years old.
00:36:14The patterns on the Kochno stone have attracted attention because of their uniqueness and complexity.
00:36:19Some researchers interpret these symbols as an ancient map of the starry sky, suggesting the stone may have been used
00:36:25for astronomical purposes.
00:36:27In their opinion, the spirals and circles may represent stars, planets or even the paths of celestial bodies,
00:36:34which could have helped the ancient inhabitants of Scotland track the movement of heavenly objects.
00:36:39The stone could also have been used for rituals or ceremonies related to worshipping gods or nature spirits.
00:36:45However, there is still no consensus about what role this artifact played in the lives of ancient people.
00:36:52Supporters of the paleocontact theory suggest that the patterns on the Kochno stone may be evidence of contact with extraterrestrial
00:36:58civilizations.
00:36:59In their opinion, the complex symbolism of the images may indicate interaction with a more advanced culture,
00:37:07possibly of non-terrestrial origin.
00:37:10The ancient dagger in India.
00:37:12Let's take a trip to the incredibly interesting state of Tamil Nadu in southern India.
00:37:16In this place, a team of archaeologists stumbled upon the ancient ghost city of Kantakantagai and a completely forgotten civilization.
00:37:24That's where they discovered a super mysterious artifact.
00:37:27An iron dagger.
00:37:29The dagger is as much as 2,500 years old and it's still in good condition with a wooden handle.
00:37:34The director of the State Department of Archaeology is confident that the dagger was used during the Sangam era,
00:37:40which was approximately from the 3rd century BC to the 3rd century AD.
00:37:44To be 100% sure, the researchers sent the find to the US for examination.
00:37:49But that's not all.
00:37:52Archaeologists also discovered human skeletons, animal remains,
00:37:55as well as entire houses with brick walls and clay floors.
00:37:59Apparently, our Indian ancestors were quite advanced,
00:38:02played board games and had their own language and writing system.
00:38:07Changes in human DNA.
00:38:10Some scientists are discussing the possibility that alien microbes could affect human DNA,
00:38:17leading to significant changes in our genetic code.
00:38:20This hypothesis suggests that such microorganisms may not only exist,
00:38:25but also influence human evolution, making us more like them.
00:38:29In support of this idea,
00:38:30researchers point to a number of observable changes in the human population,
00:38:35such as a decrease in testosterone levels and a reduction in sperm count in men.
00:38:40These trends can be interpreted as signs of evolutionary changes,
00:38:44possibly caused by external influences, including environmental factors,
00:38:48or even the impact of extraterrestrial agents.
00:38:51The decrease in testosterone levels and sperm count can have serious consequences for reproductive health
00:38:56and the demographic structure of the population.
00:38:59Which makes this topic important from both a scientific and a social point of view.
00:39:04Ancient hair.
00:39:06It turns out this terrible epidemic has a very long history.
00:39:09Various narcotic substances were popular thousands of years ago.
00:39:13And even back then, millions of people around the world died from this poison.
00:39:19Archaeologists found the oldest case of drug use in Europe on the island of Menorca near Spain.
00:39:24This person's hair is more than 3000 years old.
00:39:27Scientists, while studying the Escaritz cave, discovered that our ancestors performed a strange ritual.
00:39:34They would cut locks of hair from the deceased, dye them red, and place them in small boxes made of
00:39:39horn and wood.
00:39:41A searchers analyzed the hair using advanced methods and found the alkaloids scopolamine and ephedrine in them,
00:39:47substances that cause hallucinations.
00:39:50It's no secret that researchers can detect drugs in a person's hair and nails even months or years later.
00:39:56Scientists believed that ancient people used plants that caused visions, such as mandrake, henbane and datura.
00:40:02In addition, they ate ephedra, which contains ephedrine and a stimulant.
00:40:07Now, we can confidently say that psychostimulants were popular in Europe more than 3000 years ago,
00:40:12and most likely were already a big problem for humanity back then.
00:40:15The mystery of the creepy mermaid has been solved.
00:40:18Skryta.
00:40:20I've already talked about this creepy mermaid several times.
00:40:23You might have seen videos about this discovery on YouTube,
00:40:26but only now has the real truth about it been revealed.
00:40:29Researchers in Japan conducted an in-depth analysis of artifacts kept at the Enjuin Temple in the city of Asakuchi.
00:40:37The mummy of an unusual creature, 30 cm long, with a scaly fish-like tail, a head resembling a human,
00:40:43and two arms attracted the interest of tourists and scientists from all over the world.
00:40:48Scientists thoroughly studied its composition, scanned it inside and out, and made the results public.
00:40:53Japanese mythology is significantly different from Greek and Slavic mythology.
00:40:57I would say that in Japanese mythology, monsters look more creepy and frightening.
00:41:02So, in Japanese myths, there is a creature that lives in the water called Ningyo.
00:41:07Basically, these are also mermaids, but they are not that beautiful.
00:41:11Hollywood movies love to turn something scary into something beautiful and kind.
00:41:15That's how they turn Ningyo into beautiful mermaids.
00:41:18And they turn medieval killers and robbers of the seas into kind and romantic pirates.
00:41:23No one knows how the mummy of the Ningyo ended up in the Enjuin Temple.
00:41:28However, the same temple keeps a handwritten document from 1903,
00:41:32which says that the mermaid was caught in Kochi prefecture between 1736 and 1741.
00:41:39In fact, several similar specimens are kept in Japanese museums,
00:41:43and only one has been studied in detail in modern times using the most modern equipment.
00:41:49Scientists used every possible method to examine the mummy,
00:41:52and now they can confidently say what it is made of.
00:41:55Usually such Frankensteins were made from the skeleton of a monkey and a fish,
00:41:59but in our case, the skeleton in the upper part of the torso was missing.
00:42:04Scanning showed that the object is made of fabric, cotton and paper,
00:42:08covered with a mixture of charcoal, paste and sand.
00:42:10The head is mostly made of cotton and covered with something like plaster.
00:42:15The hair on the head is animal fur and the scales are from two types of fish.
00:42:18The upper part of the body is covered with pufferfish skin,
00:42:22and the lower part with the scales of one of the croaker species.
00:42:25The fingernails are made from animal horn,
00:42:27and the jaw with sharp teeth used to belong to some kind of carnivorous fish.
00:42:32Radiocarbon analysis of the fish scales showed that it was made after the 1800s.
00:42:37Of course, all of this turned out to be fake,
00:42:40and neither mermaids nor ningyo exist in nature,
00:42:43but this object will remain a valuable exhibit in the museum.
00:42:46In any case, the mummy was made very skillfully and thoughtfully,
00:42:50which is why it has been preserved for 200 years.
00:42:53And in Sardinia?
00:42:55On Sardinia, a mysterious island in the Mediterranean Sea,
00:42:59archaeologists have discovered unique artifacts known as the Giants of Monte Prama.
00:43:04These statues impress with their size and craftsmanship,
00:43:08and their name emphasizes their immense size.
00:43:10According to some studies, these figures may have been created based on legends about ancient giants
00:43:16who inhabited the island thousands of years ago.
00:43:19These statues are evidence of the high level of culture that existed in Sardinia in ancient times,
00:43:25and may reflect the myths and religious beliefs of that era.
00:43:29The giants of Monte Prama are stone figures that depict full-length human figures,
00:43:34often armed and dressed in armor traditional for that era.
00:43:37Some theories suggest that the figures may have been created in honor of particularly significant individuals or heroes of that
00:43:44time,
00:43:44possibly even real giants who once existed.
00:43:47This idea is fueled by local legends and traditions
00:43:50that have been passed down from generation to generation by the people of Sardinia.
00:43:54Thus the giant statues from Monte Prama leave many questions about their origin purpose
00:43:59and about those whom they were meant to depict.
00:44:02The most common opinion about their origin is, of course, extraterrestrial.
00:44:07According to some scientists, these statues are exact replicas of visitors from space.
00:44:12Ancient people wanted to immortalize their image on Earth as a sign of some kind of gratitude.
00:44:18Allegedly, thousands of years ago, some technologies and knowledge were received from these beings.
00:44:23We can't confirm or deny this, of course, so let's move on.
00:44:27The tunnel under the Sphinx
00:44:30We are setting out in search of the lost library of ages, the Hall of Records,
00:44:35which is believed to be hidden right beneath the Great Sphinx in Egypt.
00:44:39The American medium, Edgar Cayce and other mystery enthusiasts are convinced of its existence.
00:44:44In the labyrinth beneath the paws of the Sphinx, in the mysterious Hall of Records,
00:44:49knowledge of astronomy, alchemy, medicine and even magic is hidden.
00:44:53Researchers are still not sure whether it is real or not.
00:44:56The secrets of the pharaohs, encrypted in the hieroglyphs in the pyramid of Teti,
00:45:00indicate that knowledge was indeed passed from hand to hand.
00:45:04These were like funeral gifts.
00:45:05But where is that very library where all this knowledge is kept?
00:45:09Edgar Cayce, while in a trance, spoke about the Hall of Records,
00:45:13where the knowledge of ancient cultures is hidden.
00:45:16He claimed that the passage to the hall starts at the Sphinx's right front paw.
00:45:19But it has never been found.
00:45:22A golden bead over 1,600 years old.
00:45:26And once again, excavations in Jerusalem.
00:45:29A golden bead, crafted by a skilled jeweler over 1,600 years ago,
00:45:34was discovered in Emek Tsurim National Park.
00:45:38The find was discovered by 18-year-old Gilel Faidman,
00:45:41who is doing her national service at the park.
00:45:44Archaeologists believe that the bead was part of a bracelet or necklace.
00:45:47The soil was taken from a luxurious building that stood on the pilgrim's road.
00:45:52Judging by the finds made here and the shards of imported ceramics,
00:45:55it can be concluded that a very wealthy family lived here.
00:45:58The value of this find lies not only in the material it is made of,
00:46:02but also in the craftsmanship of the ancient jeweler.
00:46:05The technology for making such jewelry appeared in Mesopotamia in the 3rd millennium BC.
00:46:11Researchers suggest that the bead may be much older than 1,600 years old.
00:46:15The jeweler needed great skill in working with the material
00:46:19to carefully connect the tiny beads together without flattening them.
00:46:22It was important to maintain the correct temperature for this.
00:46:25Similar jewelry has already been found in Jerusalem,
00:46:28but it was made of silver.
00:46:31The unicorn's horn.
00:46:33Allow me to introduce you to the life of the medieval unicorn.
00:46:37Although this creature is mythical,
00:46:39it was subjected to humanity's cruel treatment.
00:46:41People hunted unicorns for their magical horns,
00:46:45which according to legend possessed unique properties,
00:46:48such as the ability to purify water and remove poison from food.
00:46:52Unicorns were believed to exist according to the testimonies of many ancient scholars,
00:46:57including Aristotle and Cittesius, as well as great minds like Leonardo da Vinci.
00:47:02In the Middle Ages, unicorns symbolized purity and wisdom.
00:47:06Their horns became a symbol of prosperity
00:47:08and could serve as an indicator of poisoned food among the aristocracy.
00:47:12But how can one find the unicorn horn in a world where these creatures do not exist?
00:47:17This question was answered by using the horns of other animals,
00:47:20such as rhinoceroses or walruses.
00:47:23However, the most popular were the tusks of narwhals,
00:47:25animals from the Arctic whose twisted tusks were mistaken for unicorn horns for centuries.
00:47:32Travelers and hunters secretly obtained these horns
00:47:34and sold them to Europeans as the horns of mythical creatures.
00:47:38Thus, merchants and great rulers like Franz Medici and Queen Elizabeth I paid huge sums for these tusks,
00:47:44considering them symbols of power and protection.
00:47:47Even the great inquisitor Tomas de Torquemada never traveled without a piece of such a horn,
00:47:52believing it could save his life from heretics.
00:47:54With the development of science and the advancement of research methods,
00:47:58belief in the miraculous properties of unicorn horns faded,
00:48:02and now they remain only as exhibits in museums.
00:48:04A reminder of how legend and reality intertwined in the history of humanity.
00:48:10Samami's hand with a coin
00:48:12The mummified hand of a child holding a copper coin became a unique discovery,
00:48:17which puzzled scientists and opened new horizons for the study of mummification
00:48:21and the use of copper as an antimicrobial agent,
00:48:25discovered in 2005 at an abandoned cemetery near Lawrence, Hungary.
00:48:30This find sparked wide interest among specialists.
00:48:32The analysis conducted by a team of researchers revealed that copper,
00:48:36which contaminated the infant's body, contributed to the preservation of soft tissues.
00:48:41This became the first recorded case of mummification caused by copper.
00:48:45Scientists were also intrigued by the fact that the coin was in circulation in the mid-19th century,
00:48:50even though the burial took place in a cemetery that had been abandoned many years earlier.
00:48:55Such a discovery became an example of a unique case of mummification, using copper,
00:49:00which may attract the attention of researchers and archaeologists in the future.
00:49:03This discovery provides an opportunity to expand our knowledge about ancient civilizations,
00:49:08their traditions and customs, as well as about the use of various materials and methods for preserving the dead.
00:49:14Scientists will have to study more similar cases to understand how copper and other materials were used in mummification
00:49:20and what the beliefs and customs of ancient cultures related to this process were.
00:49:25A graphite button deep in northern China, archaeologists have uncovered the secrets of the Shiyu site, discovered in 1963.
00:49:35Unique artifacts were found here, which are about 45,000 years old.
00:49:39They testify to an early stage of the Upper Paleolithic.
00:49:43This is one of the oldest pieces of evidence of the presence of modern humans in China.
00:49:47Researchers have long debated the timing of the appearance of Homo sapiens in these territories.
00:49:53The remains from Tianyuan cave, discovered in 2003, confirmed that this happened about 40,000 years ago.
00:49:59This data is consistent with the findings in Shiyu.
00:50:03An important part of the discovery was a collection of artifacts, including a unique graphite button
00:50:08that may have been used to fasten clothing or a bag.
00:50:11An international team of scientists conducted a thorough study of the artifacts.
00:50:16During the work, traces of the use of stone tools on animal bones were discovered,
00:50:21indicating human activity from that era.
00:50:23This discovery confirms the hypothesis about the migration of anatomically modern humans to this region.
00:50:30In Samicum, Greece, amid thickets of wild olive trees,
00:50:36archaeologists found a possible sanctuary of the Samian Poseidon.
00:50:42Archaeologists excavated the foundation of a fairly large structure, 9.4 meters wide and with walls 0.8 meters thick.
00:50:49The remains have been tentatively dated to the 6th century BC.
00:50:54According to ancient sources, the sanctuary of Poseidon at Samikos was an important religious center in the region for the
00:51:00six cities of Trifilia.
00:51:01The place where the potential temple was found matches the texts of the ancient Greek geographer Strabo,
00:51:07who wrote about the temple in his work Venetov.
00:51:10Samikum, or as it is also called Samikon, was an ancient city of the Middle and Late Helladic periods.
00:51:16Before starting the excavations, archaeologists spent several years conducting measurements and soil analysis.
00:51:22Based on the geographical anomalies at this site, it is possible to expect a building at least 28 meters long,
00:51:28which had two inner rooms.
00:51:29The elongated large building can be nothing other than an archaic temple located on the site of the Sanctuary of
00:51:37Poseidon.
00:51:37The large marble vessel found here, imitating a bronze bowl, is typical of sanctuary finds and is dated to the
00:51:45Archaic period.
00:51:46This discovery sheds new light on the political and economic significance of the Amphictyoni and the Trifilian cities in the
00:51:546th century BC,
00:51:55when the Sanctuary of Poseidon at Samikon served as the center of their religious and ethnic identity.
00:52:01It's impossible to talk about ancient Greece in a video without mentioning ancient Egypt.
00:52:06The Fuente Magna Bowl, a mysterious artifact found near Lake Titicaca in Bolivia, also attracted the attention of archaeologists with
00:52:15its unusual depiction.
00:52:17The bowl, named Fuente Magna, is a large stone vessel with unusual inscriptions on its surface.
00:52:23These inscriptions amazed researchers with their resemblance to Sumerian cuneiform, one of the oldest writing systems that originated in Mesopotamia.
00:52:31The unusual nature of the inscription gave rise to a theory about possible contacts between the ancient cultures of Mesopotamia
00:52:38and South America.
00:52:40Supporters of this hypothesis claimed that the bowl could serve as evidence of unknown migration routes or even ancient sea
00:52:46voyages that connected these distant regions.
00:52:49However, skeptics point to the high likelihood of forgery.
00:52:53They argue that the bowl could have been created in a later period, possibly even in modern times, with the
00:52:58aim of causing a sensation.
00:53:00About 100 to 150 years ago, it was very popular around the world to create such objects in order to
00:53:07attract people to fairs and make money off gullible citizens.
00:53:11Despite this, the exact origin and meaning of the Fuente Magna Bowl remain unsolved, continuing to attract the interest of
00:53:17archaeologists and lovers of the mysteries of ancient history.
00:53:21Ancient Structures from Pre-Columbian Times
00:53:24The ancient mysteries of the Amazon continue to unfold before us, despite their centuries-old enigmas.
00:53:31Modern technological methods are beginning to reveal the scale of ancient civilizations that once existed in this place, with the
00:53:38help of modern LiDAR technology, which uses light to measure distance.
00:53:42researchers Venicius Perepato and Luis Aragao, in collaboration with photographer Diego Gurgel, made a remarkable discovery.
00:53:51They managed to discover more than 20 earthworks created by ancient indigenous people, which had previously gone unnoticed.
00:53:58But this is just the tip of the iceberg.
00:54:00Scientists suggest that there may be another 10 to 24 thousand similar structures hidden deep within the forest.
00:54:07According to research from the National Institute for Space Research of Brazil, indigenous people have inhabited the Amazon basin for
00:54:15more than 12 thousand years.
00:54:16However, the full extent of their presence and interaction with nature has not yet been studied.
00:54:22Diego Gurgel, who conducted aerial photography, helped to reveal stunning geoglyphs, huge geometric figures buried in the forest.
00:54:30Iron in the Bronze Age
00:54:31But how can the existence of iron in the Bronze Age be explained?
00:54:36After all, the Bronze Age follows the Stone Age.
00:54:39And only after that comes the Iron Age.
00:54:42Could this really be clear evidence of time travel?
00:54:45The answer is simple and at the same time mysterious.
00:54:48It's meteorites.
00:54:49Yes, it was in meteorites that ancient people found iron.
00:54:53These space rocks that fell to earth are made of an iron-nickel alloy that hardly rusts at all.
00:54:58And so ancient craftsmen began to work with this celestial iron, creating amazing things.
00:55:03One of the most famous examples is the dagger of Pharaoh Tutankhamun.
00:55:07And it was made more than 3,300 years ago from meteoritic iron.
00:55:11It is considered a gift from the king of Mitanni.
00:55:14And you can see it in the museum in Cairo.
00:55:16In the American state of Illinois, they even found iron beads made from a meteorite.
00:55:21Iron in the Bronze Age was like a gift from the heavens.
00:55:24Iron lost its sacred meaning only with the arrival of the Iron Age.
00:55:29Zoratskarer
00:55:30The large megalithic complex Zoratskarer, which is also called the Armenian Stonehenge,
00:55:36is one of the most mysterious ancient structures in the Caucasus.
00:55:40This ancient monument, located in the south of Armenia, consists of hundreds of vertically placed stones,
00:55:46some of which reach several meters in height.
00:55:48The stones with holes in their upper parts are of particular interest, attracting the attention of researchers and lovers of
00:55:55mysticism.
00:55:57Zoratskarer dates back to around the 6th millennium BC, making it one of the oldest structures of its kind.
00:56:03Supporters of theories about extraterrestrial civilizations hypothesize that these holes could have been used for observing the stars,
00:56:10or even for communicating with extraterrestrial beings.
00:56:13They claim that the precision of the holes placement and the orientation of the stones may indicate astronomical or some
00:56:20other more complex functions,
00:56:22which could not have been accessible to the ancient inhabitants of Armenia without outside help.
00:56:27However, there is no scientific evidence for these theories.
00:56:31Most researchers believe that the Armenian Stonehenge was an ancient observatory used for observing celestial bodies,
00:56:39or it was a place where rituals and ceremonies were held.
00:56:43This ancient monument continues to attract the attention of researchers and tourists,
00:56:47inspiring the search for answers about its true role in the lives of ancient civilizations.
00:56:52The ominous Revenant Cemetery.
00:56:55And the next discovery might scare you a little.
00:56:57In central Italy, archaeologists conducted excavations on the grounds of a cemetery.
00:57:03In fact, this is a common practice in the world of archaeology.
00:57:06But not all cemeteries are 1600 years old, and not all of them are connected to legends about revenants.
00:57:12In local folklore, that was the name given to the dead who rose from their graves.
00:57:16I wanted to say that in ancient times, people were more superstitious than they are today.
00:57:22But I would probably be wrong.
00:57:23People have always been superstitious, and human fear has always driven people to do absurd things.
00:57:29So, in ancient Italy, people believed that the dead could rise from their graves.
00:57:33And to prevent this from happening, the deceased had to be buried and a huge stone had to be placed
00:57:38on top of them.
00:57:39I talked about a similar find in Denmark in one of my previous videos.
00:57:43So, in Italy, at an ancient cemetery, they found the remains of children whose bodies were pinned down with stones.
00:57:49Some were buried with stones in their mouths.
00:57:51Archaeologists believed that this was part of some ancient ritual.
00:57:55They believed that the deceased could become revenants.
00:57:57And we know them better as zombies.
00:58:00Another piece of evidence for this ritual is the remains of puppies that were brought to the cemetery and buried
00:58:06together with the children.
00:58:07Scientists have already conducted a number of studies and concluded that most of the children died from malaria.
00:58:12And most likely, it was this disease that caused fear among people.
00:58:16And it seemed to them that a person could come back to life.
00:58:19At that time, Christianity was gaining popularity in this region.
00:58:22But that didn't stop people from believing that the dead could rise.
00:58:25The fear of the undead was present among both pagans and Christians.
00:58:29At the same time, many believed that witches could use the revenant for their own selfish purposes.
00:58:33As I understand it, 1500 years ago, they didn't have time to be bored in Italy.
00:58:39And the next and final story for today will be about a real-life Thumbelina stromatolites.
00:58:44These are among the oldest pieces of evidence of life on Earth.
00:58:48Their age is estimated at about 3.5 billion years.
00:58:51These ancient formations consist of thin layers of sedimentary rocks, which were created by colonies of cyanobacteria, primitive microorganisms capable
00:59:00of photosynthesis.
00:59:01Stromatolites can be found in various parts of the world.
00:59:04But some of the most famous and well-preserved specimens are located in Australia, especially in the Shark Bay area.
00:59:11The cyanobacteria that created the stromatolites played a key role in changing the chemical composition of Earth's atmosphere by releasing
00:59:18oxygen as a result of photosynthesis.
00:59:20This led to the so-called oxygen catastrophe, which, although it caused the mass extinction of anaerobic organisms, created the
00:59:27conditions for the development of more complex forms of life, including animals and plants.
00:59:33Stromatolites are thus considered the oxygen factories of ancient times.
00:59:37A Medieval Game Piece
00:59:40In Bedfordshire, England, archaeologists discovered a medieval gaming token.
00:59:44This item, about 6 cm in diameter, is made from the lower jaw of cattle.
00:59:50Its front side is decorated with concentric circles and a ring and dot design.
00:59:54Tokens of this type were used in board games where players rolled dice and moved the tokens along marked spaces.
01:00:00This kind of game was popular among the Romans and was called Ludus Duodecimscriptorium.
01:00:06The term tables comes from the Latin word tabula, which means board.
01:00:10Archaeologists note that it's difficult to determine which game the discovered tokens belong to due to the lack of preserved
01:00:16game boards.
01:00:17But the connection to this place and the style of decoration suggest that the token was used to play tables
01:00:23in the Middle Ages.
01:00:24A mysterious imprint underground.
01:00:28Another mysterious discovery was made by archaeologists in Israel in the old city of Jerusalem.
01:00:33In a previously buried massive moat, researchers found an engraved handprint on the wall.
01:00:38Scientists were conducting excavations near one of the city's main thoroughfares.
01:00:42It is believed that the moat was dug by Muslim defenders of the city around the 10th century to strengthen
01:00:47the defense of the city walls.
01:00:49The archaeologists had no idea that one of the city's most important streets was built right over a huge moat.
01:00:55Interestingly, the moat was carved directly into the rock.
01:00:59It is 10 meters wide and its depth ranges from 2 to 7 meters.
01:01:03Archaeologists still cannot understand why the ancient builders left a handprint more than a thousand years ago.
01:01:09Interestingly, this handprint could have belonged to a ruler or a priest or even to an ordinary builder with a
01:01:15sense of humor.
01:01:16As we all know, moats were dug to be filled with water.
01:01:20In our case, the moat was never filled with water.
01:01:23Ancient engineers believed that the size of this barrier would be enough to hold back or slow down the enemy.
01:01:30Out of place artifact.
01:01:32Out of place artifacts are discoveries that do not fit at all into the traditional understanding of our history.
01:01:38They are found in places and layers of earth where they shouldn't be.
01:01:41The most amazing thing is that, based on their age and level of complexity, such objects simply could not have
01:01:48been created in times when, as it is believed, no advanced technologies existed.
01:01:53Mainstream science often declares such finds to be fakes or simply ignores them.
01:01:57But there are more and more of them and it's no longer possible to turn a blind eye to them.
01:02:01Let's take for example the mysterious Beigong metal pipes discovered in China.
01:02:05These pipes go deep into the ground and stretch to the shores of lakes.
01:02:09Their age is estimated at 150,000 years.
01:02:11The composition of the pipes, which includes iron and other minerals, and their age baffle researchers.
01:02:18Some believe that this is the result of natural processes.
01:02:21But others believe that the pipes could be traces of a highly developed civilization or even left by aliens.
01:02:27No less mysterious is a forged nail that is over 350 million years old.
01:02:33This nail was found in a rock layer dating back to the Paleozoic era, a time when neither humans nor
01:02:39any form of metalworking existed yet.
01:02:42How could such a nail end up in ancient rock layers?
01:02:45Some scientists suggest tectonic processes, while others talk about the involvement of previously unknown civilizations.
01:02:50In Provence, fossilized tools were found that could have been made by humans or even from ancient trees.
01:02:58If this is true, then such discoveries indicate the existence of intelligent beings who had woodworking skills long before the
01:03:06first known civilizations appeared.
01:03:08Other discoveries are even stranger.
01:03:11In Antarctica, the Altanine antenna was found, which at first looked like a high-tech object.
01:03:16However, it was later discovered that it was just a sea sponge.
01:03:20Nevertheless, the very fact of such a misconception shows how wrong we can be when faced with the unexplained.
01:03:26The traces of the Peleuski River are another mystery.
01:03:29Giant humanoid footprints were found next to the dinosaur tracks.
01:03:33This discovery calls into question our understanding of the chronology of life on Earth.
01:03:38After all, according to the theory of evolution, dinosaurs and humans never coexisted in time.
01:03:43There are other examples as well.
01:03:45The anomaly on Mount Ararat, which is associated with Noah's Ark,
01:03:48and the clay figurine from Nampa, the age of which is unclear, or the Wolfsegg Iron,
01:03:53which is believed to be a remnant of a prehistoric era.
01:03:57We shouldn't forget about the Tucson artifacts.
01:04:00This is a collection of 31 lead objects found in 1924 near Picture Rocks, Arizona.
01:04:07These artifacts include crosses, swords and other items engraved with inscriptions in Latin and Hebrew,
01:04:13as well as images resembling medieval symbols.
01:04:16It was initially assumed that they were created by ancient Mediterranean civilizations
01:04:20that supposedly crossed the Atlantic in the first century.
01:04:24However, later many scholars considered them a hoax, created in modern times to mislead researchers.
01:04:31In any case, each of these artifacts calls our understanding of the past into question,
01:04:36and opens the door to new theories and research.
01:04:40Perhaps our history is much more amazing and mysterious than we could have imagined.
01:04:44The ancient Roman phallus with wings.
01:04:47In Serbia, in the eastern part of the country,
01:04:50archaeologists stumbled upon an unusual Roman artifact.
01:04:53The find is a tintinnabulum, a wind chime decorated with a phallus.
01:04:58This artifact, discovered on the porch of a house in the ancient city of Viminatium,
01:05:02is considered a rare and valuable monument of Roman history.
01:05:06Tintinnabula were traditionally hung near doors as magical protection for homes and shops.
01:05:11The artifact is only the second of its kind found in the ruins of Viminatium,
01:05:15and it is notable for being exceptionally well preserved.
01:05:19The bronze tintinnabulum was preserved in the ground.
01:05:22Its unique configuration includes a magical phallus with wings, legs and a tail,
01:05:27known as a fascinum.
01:05:28The phallus symbol in Roman culture was associated not only with eroticism,
01:05:32but also with luck.
01:05:34It was considered a powerful amulet against the evil eye
01:05:37and was used to attract prosperity and protect against thieves.
01:05:40The tintinnabulum is part of apotropaic amulets,
01:05:44which were intended to ward off evil forces and provide protection.
01:05:48Such items were widespread in the Roman world and could take the most unexpected forms.
01:05:53The mystery of the Antarctic Monolith.
01:05:57In 2020, in a remote part of Antarctica, at a depth of more than two kilometers,
01:06:03researchers discovered a mysterious object that was named the Antarctic Monolith.
01:06:09This object, which is a rectangular stone slab about three meters high and one and a half meters wide,
01:06:15was found using an ice-penetrating radar used to map the landscape beneath the ice cover.
01:06:20The strangest part began when scientists started studying the monolith.
01:06:24The surface of the stone was covered with intricate geometric patterns and petroglyphs
01:06:28that were strangely similar to ancient symbols found in different parts of the world,
01:06:33including South America, Africa and Asia.
01:06:36Analysis of the material showed that the stone has no analogues among the known rocks of Antarctica.
01:06:41This means that it came there from somewhere else.
01:06:43In addition, the monolith had unusual magnetic properties.
01:06:48Instruments detected a weak but constant magnetic field around it.
01:06:52Charred remains of organic materials were found near the monolith,
01:06:56which, according to scientists, could have been ancient plants
01:06:59or even the remains of living creatures that lived millions of years ago.
01:07:03These organic materials trapped in ice could provide unique data about the ancient ecosystem of Antarctica
01:07:09when it was part of the supercontinent Gondwana.
01:07:13Some researchers suggest that this could be evidence of a highly advanced civilization
01:07:17that existed long before the appearance of humans.
01:07:20Others claim that this is potential evidence of contact with extraterrestrial beings.
01:07:28In a new study published this year in PLOS One,
01:07:32scientists from Belgium and Spain described an unusual method of crocodile mummification.
01:07:37In the Egyptian village of Qubat al-Hawa around the 5th century BC,
01:07:42crocodiles held a special place in Egyptian culture.
01:07:45They were associated with the deity Sobek, served as a source of food,
01:07:48and their parts were used in medicine.
01:07:50Although mummified crocodiles are often found during excavations,
01:07:53they are rarely subjected to detailed analysis.
01:07:57This time, the researchers decided to conduct such an analysis on 10 mummies from Qubat al-Hawa.
01:08:02The researchers determined that the mummies represent two species of crocodiles,
01:08:06ranging in size from one and a half to three and a half meters.
01:08:10A distinctive feature of these mummies is that they contain no resin or bitumen,
01:08:14indicating that they were dried in hot sand before burial.
01:08:17This method was characteristic before the Ptolemaic era,
01:08:21when resin began to be actively used.
01:08:23In some mummies, pieces of linen and palm leaves were found,
01:08:26used after the bodies had dried.
01:08:30Ritual Mask in Japan
01:08:33Archaeologists discovered a unique wooden mask from the 3rd century
01:08:36in the ruins of Nishiwata, Osaka Prefecture, Japan.
01:08:40Researchers believe that the mask was used in ceremonial rituals during agricultural festivals
01:08:45about 1800 years ago in the Yayoi period.
01:08:49This find is one of three wooden masks from this period that have been discovered.
01:08:54The mask is carved from cedar and measures 30 cm in height and 18 cm in width,
01:09:00with holes for the eyes and mouth and small holes on the sides for ties.
01:09:03It was found at a depth of 3 meters next to a wooden water bucket,
01:09:07and a used tool that resembles a hoe.
01:09:09These items may have been used at agricultural festivals.
01:09:13During the Yayoi period, the Japanese transitioned to a settled agricultural society
01:09:18and used farming methods brought from Korea.
01:09:21According to Kaworu Terasawa,
01:09:24the director of the Makimu Kugaku Research Center,
01:09:27the mask may have been solely a ceremonial ritual object,
01:09:31since it is too heavy to wear.
01:09:33Topalasawa added that the mask may have represented a head spirit,
01:09:36symbolizing the authority of Akime, the title of the ruler of the Yamato Kingdom.
01:09:41The Drake Brass Plate – A Historical Forgery
01:09:46The next story is about a prank that went too far.
01:09:50Between 1577 and 1580, the British explorer, Sir Francis Drake,
01:09:56made a voyage around the world and, after stopping in what is now California,
01:10:01he left a copper plate at the site which he called New Albion.
01:10:06This artifact became a kind of Holy Grail for historians studying the early colonization of America.
01:10:12In 1937, American historian Herbert Eugene Bolton reported the discovery of the plate.
01:10:18Then the California Historical Society acquired the artifact for $3,500
01:10:23and donated it to the Bancroft Library in Berkeley.
01:10:26At that time, some scholars expressed doubts about the authenticity of the plate,
01:10:31but Bolton and his colleagues stubbornly continued to insist on its genuineness.
01:10:37Several decades later, in the late 1970s, new research confirmed that the plate was a forgery.
01:10:42It was later revealed that the brass plate was a prank that got out of hand,
01:10:48carried out by members of the historical fraternity Eclampus Vitus,
01:10:52including Ezra Dane, the presumed creator of the forgery.
01:10:56The forgery was created to tease Bolton, who was also a member of the fraternity.
01:11:01Instead of revealing the truth, the conspirators decided to keep up the game,
01:11:05fearing damage to their reputation and careers.
01:11:08This story not only demonstrated the thoroughness of modern research in the search for truth,
01:11:12but also showed how complex and subtle the process of identifying and assessing the authenticity of historical artifacts can be.
01:11:19Nevertheless, unlike other deceptive discoveries that had a much more destructive impact on the scientific community and worldview,
01:11:27Drake's brass plate became an important lesson for future generations of researchers.
01:11:31The next story will be about a mysterious mummy!
01:11:34The Tiahuanaco Cave!
01:11:37Tiahuanaco!
01:11:38In the Tiahuanaco area, one of the oldest and most mysterious archaeological complexes in Bolivia,
01:11:44a cave was discovered with strange creatures depicted on its walls.
01:11:48These figures have large heads and eyes, which resemble images of aliens widespread in modern culture.
01:11:54The discovered images immediately attracted the attention of archaeologists from all over the world.
01:11:59Some researchers have suggested that these images may reflect the myths and beliefs of the ancient cultures of the region,
01:12:05linking them to divine or supernatural beings.
01:12:09In ancient South American civilizations, images of anthropomorphic beings with exaggerated body features are often found,
01:12:16which could have symbolized their special role and status in mythology.
01:12:20At this point, proponents of the paleocontact theory put forward their hypothesis
01:12:24that these images may be evidence of actual contact with extraterrestrial beings who visited Earth in ancient times.
01:12:31Interestingly, similar images and figurines sharing many common features can be found all over the world.
01:12:37Could it be that humanity encountered something extraterrestrial in ancient times?
01:12:42What do you think?
01:12:43Write your opinion in the comments below the video.
01:12:46Why were mummies hidden in caves?
01:12:49In caves in Lebanon, in 1991, archaeologists and cave specialists discovered a real treasure,
01:12:56eight amazingly well-preserved mummies that are almost eight centuries old.
01:13:01People might have once lived in this mysterious cave in the Kadisha Valley.
01:13:05There was even an artificial mummy near the cave.
01:13:08The cave itself had two rooms where someone might have lived.
01:13:12The mummies found here belonged to the Maronite people and were naturally mummified in the cave.
01:13:17Unlike Egyptian mummies, no one embalmed the bodies here.
01:13:21Among them was a little girl buried with her mother, with her head resting on her mother's left shoulder,
01:13:25as is still done in Lebanon today.
01:13:27Along with the mummies, many amazing artifacts were found.
01:13:30For example, the little girl named Yasmin was dressed in three dresses.
01:13:34Blue, beige and dark beige with silk embroidery.
01:13:37She was even given a beautiful silk band and jewelry.
01:13:41This amazing discovery in Lebanon is not just a historical treasure.
01:13:45This is a mysterious story about people who lived eight centuries ago and a secret that we are only beginning
01:13:50to uncover.
01:13:53The mystery of the mummified bishop.
01:13:56Today we have an unusual story from the 17th century.
01:14:00A small mummified fetus was found between the legs of the distinguished bishop, Pader Winstrup.
01:14:07Bishop Winstrup was a prominent figure in the Lutheran church and after his death in 1679 he was buried in
01:14:13the crypt of the Land Cathedral.
01:14:15For several years scientists tried to figure out who this child was and thanks to DNA analysis they determined that
01:14:22he was most likely the bishop's grandson.
01:14:24The boy was not fully developed and researchers suggest that his mother had a miscarriage in the sixth month of
01:14:31pregnancy.
01:14:32The bishop and the child share 25% of their genetic material which indicates a second degree relationship.
01:14:38After analyzing the baby's DNA and Winstrup's family tree, scientists concluded that the boy was the son of the bishop's
01:14:45son.
01:14:46The grandson was buried together with his grandfather.
01:14:49This case once again highlights how extraordinary and fascinating the study of the past can be through archaeology and genetics.
01:14:58After all, this is how we can reconstruct stories that have remained untold for centuries.
01:15:03The discovery of the star Sirius, the Dogon tribe.
01:15:07Living in Mali, Africa, has long attracted the attention of researchers and anthropologists
01:15:13thanks to their unique and ancient knowledge about the star Sirius.
01:15:16This knowledge is astonishing in its accuracy.
01:15:19The Dogon claim that Sirius is not just a bright star visible to the naked eye,
01:15:24but that it also has a companion, Sirius B, which is invisible without special instruments,
01:15:29and was only discovered by Western scientists in 1862.
01:15:34According to Dogon mythology, their ancestors received this knowledge from honorable beings whom they call Nomo.
01:15:40According to legend, these beings arrived on Earth from Sirius and taught the Dogon astronomy,
01:15:46agriculture and other important sciences.
01:15:48The information that the Dogon preserve about Sirius is astonishing in its accuracy.
01:15:52They knew that Sirius B is a small and extremely dense star,
01:15:56which is remarkable for a people who had no access to modern astronomical instruments.
01:16:01This knowledge has given rise to many hypotheses and theories about the possible contact between the Dogon
01:16:06and an extraterrestrial civilization.
01:16:08Supporters of the paleocontact theory are convinced that such precise information about space
01:16:12could only have been received by the ancient Dogon people from a highly advanced extraterrestrial race.
01:16:17Some anthropologists and historians believe that the Dogon's knowledge could have been acquired
01:16:21not from mythical beings, but from European missionaries and explorers who visited Africa in the past.
01:16:27There is a theory that the Dogon people could have learned about Sirius B
01:16:31through interactions with scientists in the 19th or early 20th century,
01:16:35and then integrated this information into their myths and legends.
01:16:40Mesopotamian clay balls
01:16:42Clay balls that are more than five and a half thousand years old are still shrouded in mystery.
01:16:47These artifacts, ranging in size from a golf ball to a baseball,
01:16:52were found in Chogamish in western Iran in the late 1960s.
01:16:56About 150 of these balls were discovered in total,
01:17:00which only adds to the intrigue surrounding their purpose.
01:17:03For a long time, the prevailing theory was that the balls were used as a kind of record-keeping tool
01:17:08for economic transactions.
01:17:09This assumption was based on the discovery of a 3,300-year-old ball
01:17:14containing 49 pebbles and cuneiform writing describing a deal with a shepherd.
01:17:19However, the specific function of these balls remained a mystery.
01:17:23In 2013, using computer tomography and 3D modeling scientists looked inside the balls.
01:17:28It turned out that they contained tokens of various shapes,
01:17:31which could have served as numerical signs for keeping track of goods.
01:17:34Researchers are trying to understand the system of grouping these tokens inside the balls.
01:17:39One of the surprising discoveries indicates that some tokens were wrapped in cloth
01:17:43and placed inside a ball, then covered with a liquid similar to bitumen.
01:17:48Some balls had tiny channels, possibly for thin threads that could serve as external markers
01:17:53and provide information about the contents.
01:17:55Similar objects have been found in different cultures of that time, including Scotland,
01:17:59where more than 400 carved stone balls from the Neolithic period have been discovered.
01:18:05What else do you think these cellular artifacts could have symbolized?
01:18:09Share your guesses in the comments!
01:18:12The oldest Scottish tartan.
01:18:15New research suggests that a piece of fabric found in the Scottish Highlands in the early 1980s
01:18:22is the oldest surviving tartan, dating back to the 16th century.
01:18:26Tartan is a traditional Scottish checkered fabric associated with family groups known as clans.
01:18:31The sample was named the Glen Africa tartan after the village where it was discovered.
01:18:37The tartan was well preserved because it was buried in a peat bog with low oxygen content.
01:18:42In Scotland, old textile samples are very rare, due to soil conditions that do not favor their preservation,
01:18:48to determine the age of the Glen Africa tartan.
01:18:51The Scottish Tartan's authority commissioned dye analysis and radiocarbon testing.
01:18:56Researchers studied the four colors used and found no artificial or semi-synthetic materials,
01:19:02which indicates a date earlier than the 1750s.
01:19:06Radiocarbon dating indicated that the tartan was created between 1500 and 1655.
01:19:12At that time, the Scottish throne was held by the Stuart monarchs, Mary Queen of Scots and her father James
01:19:18V.
01:19:19The tartan is not associated with high status, but rather with outerwear of the working class.
01:19:24Items from the 16th century that did not belong to the nobility are quite rare, so this sample is an
01:19:29amazing find.
01:19:30It is believed that the oldest tartan discovered in Scotland, the Falkirk Tartan,
01:19:35dated to the 3rd century, has a simpler checkered structure than the Glen Glenafric Tartan.
01:19:40However, in this case only a small fragment of it was found.
01:19:45A fossilized book.
01:19:47Archaeologists from Australia came across a mysterious artifact resembling a book,
01:19:51which is estimated to be over 330 million years old.
01:19:56Yes, I know that not everyone likes it when I talk about thousands and millions of years.
01:20:00That's why such a discovery sparked a lot of debates and speculation among scientists.
01:20:05Thomas Kaminsky, a researcher of antiquity, claims that they found a mineralized book with a metal binding,
01:20:11but it is already impossible to read it.
01:20:15Professor of archaeology Jane Balm was also amazed by the find,
01:20:18although she expressed doubts about its antiquity.
01:20:21Other experts are surprised at how the pages of the book have survived for millions of years.
01:20:26Professor of geology Ian Plymer explains that under certain conditions,
01:20:31in an oxygen-free environment and under pressure, paper can become fossilized.
01:20:36Kaminsky believes that the depth at which the book was found indicates its authenticity.
01:20:41Nevertheless, the question remains as to why the book looks like a modern book.
01:20:45Could this be an artifact left by a time traveler?
01:20:50The London Hammer.
01:20:51In 1936 an unusual discovery was made in Texas,
01:20:56which became the subject of heated debates among scientists and ufologists.
01:21:00The discovered artifact, known as the London Hammer,
01:21:04was found sealed inside a piece of petrified limestone.
01:21:08According to some estimates, its age is millions of years.
01:21:11This led to the suggestion that the hammer might have belonged to a highly advanced ancient civilization,
01:21:16or perhaps even had extraterrestrial origins.
01:21:19Supporters of paleocontact theory and alternative history believe that the London Hammer is evidence of the existence of an unknown
01:21:27civilization,
01:21:28which possessed advanced technologies long before the emergence of known cultures.
01:21:32They claim that such an artifact could not have accidentally ended up in such ancient rock formations.
01:21:38However, there is also a scientific explanation.
01:21:41The hammer could have ended up in the limestone, long after it formed.
01:21:44In their opinion, the age of the fossil does not necessarily indicate the age of the artifact.
01:21:49And it's possible the hammer became embedded in the sedimentary rock at a later date.
01:21:54To this day, the London Hammer remains one of those mysteries that continue to fascinate people,
01:21:59and spark debates about the origins of humanity and its history.
01:22:03And what do you think?
01:22:05Could our ancestors really have had contact with extraterrestrial beings?
01:22:09Or are all these discoveries just part of a hoax created in modern times?
01:22:14Write your opinion in the comments below the video.
01:22:17I'll be interested to read them.
01:22:21Goodbye everyone!
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