Ready for a wild ride through history? Join Kir Top as we uncover 100 jaw-dropping archaeological finds discovered totally by accident! From ancient DNA and lost cities to mummies, pirate flags, and even a real-life “alien” skull, this episode is packed with surprises. Hit subscribe for more awesome discoveries and tell us in the comments which artifact blew your mind the most! #history #archaeology #mystery #ancient #discoveries
👉 This channel was created in collaboration with https://www.youtube.com/@kirtop-100samyh
0:00:00 - Introduction and Accidental Archaeological Finds
0:03:42 - Ancient Artifacts and Cultural Practices
0:11:11 - Unexpected Discoveries and Lost Histories
0:22:20 - Mysterious Sites and Unexplained Artifacts
0:29:37 - Prehistoric Innovations and Ancient Technologies
0:39:55 - Rituals, Beliefs, and Social Status
0:46:19 - Extraordinary Finds and Unusual Customs
0:58:03 - Monumental Discoveries and Closing Remarks
We're now available on Spotify! Listen now https://open.spotify.com/show/03446rMw7NEQKZvD764T3X
👉 This channel was created in collaboration with https://www.youtube.com/@kirtop-100samyh
0:00:00 - Introduction and Accidental Archaeological Finds
0:03:42 - Ancient Artifacts and Cultural Practices
0:11:11 - Unexpected Discoveries and Lost Histories
0:22:20 - Mysterious Sites and Unexplained Artifacts
0:29:37 - Prehistoric Innovations and Ancient Technologies
0:39:55 - Rituals, Beliefs, and Social Status
0:46:19 - Extraordinary Finds and Unusual Customs
0:58:03 - Monumental Discoveries and Closing Remarks
We're now available on Spotify! Listen now https://open.spotify.com/show/03446rMw7NEQKZvD764T3X
Category
📚
LearningTranscript
00:00:00I'm Kirtop, and these are 100 archaeological finds discovered purely by accident.
00:00:086,000-year-old human DNA
00:00:10In the city of Wuxi, China, archaeologists have discovered the DNA of a human who lived here 6,000 years
00:00:19ago.
00:00:19These molecules were found in two tombs associated with the Majaban culture of the Middle Neolithic period.
00:00:25Until now, information about the inhabitants of this region was limited.
00:00:28However, thanks to these new findings, it has become known that the first human settled in Wuxi at least 6
00:00:35,000 years ago.
00:00:36Over the course of the research, which began in April 2014, more than 100 traces of ancient human activity were
00:00:43discovered, including two tombs with DNA.
00:00:48A skeleton with an intact brain
00:00:50Picture a massive 45-hectare mound that looks like a heart in aerial photographs.
00:00:55It's not without reason that it's called the heart of Western Anatolia.
00:00:59And now for the most interesting part.
00:01:01For the first time in the history of Turkish archaeology, scientists have discovered well-preserved skin remains and even brain
00:01:07tissue.
00:01:08Just imagine, brain remains that are already 3,700 years old.
00:01:13Discoveries of such antiquity are truly something incredible.
00:01:16So who were these people?
00:01:17It was a young guy, around 15 to 18 years old, and a middle-aged man.
00:01:22Apparently, their house was set on fire back in the Bronze Age and they didn't make it out in time.
00:01:26It's terrifying to imagine that it was precisely because of that fire that their remains were preserved so well.
00:01:32This astonishing mound was a true capital of its region in ancient times, but around 1700 BC it was completely
00:01:39destroyed as a result of an attack.
00:01:41And now, the main question. How is that even possible?
00:01:45How could brain and skin remains have survived after such a long time?
00:01:49Thanks to the extremely high temperatures of the fire, this is truly a unique and rare find.
00:01:55A 3,000 year old mummy. An astonishing archaeological find was made right on a soccer field in Peru.
00:02:02And that is no joke.
00:02:04Picture a stone tomb discovered on top of a hill near a soccer team's training ground in Lima, Peru.
00:02:11And inside it, a 3,000 year old mummy.
00:02:14And this isn't just some random burial.
00:02:17Just think about it, these people, living 3,000 years ago, sacrificed one of their own right here in the
00:02:22temple.
00:02:23Specialists from San Marcos University and local researchers stumbled upon remnants of hair and a skull in a cotton bundle
00:02:29during excavations.
00:02:31Miguel Aguilar, an archaeologist and head of the Rimac Historical and Cultural Center, stated that the mummy belongs to a
00:02:38pre-Hispanic culture that flourished in the valleys of Lima between 1500 and 1000 BCE.
00:02:44But it seems there is something even more astonishing.
00:02:47Coca leaves and shells were found alongside the mummy.
00:02:51And this indicates that all of this was part of a ritual sacrifice.
00:02:55Just think about it, this person was sacrificed during the construction of this temple.
00:02:59The thing is, sacrificial practices has a long history in Peru, dating back to well before the arrival of the
00:03:05Spanish in the 16th century.
00:03:06Many indigenous peoples, such as the Chavin, Moche and Incas believe that sacrificing humans, animals and objects help them communicate
00:03:15with the gods.
00:03:16To wrap things up, you could say that the Peruvian mummy is a window into the past, helping us better
00:03:22understand the cultural history of our ancestors.
00:03:25And I assure you, we will return to this fascinating discovery in upcoming videos.
00:03:30In the meantime, you can write in the comments which famous archaeological find you'd like to hear about in detail
00:03:36next.
00:03:36Subscribe to the channel if you haven't had the chance to do so yet, and I'll continue.
00:03:42A 7,800-year-old figurine in the west of the Turkish province of Izmir at the Ulucak Mound, archaeologists
00:03:50have made an impressive discovery.
00:03:52They managed to find a clay statuette of a female figure that is about 7,800 years old.
00:03:58Professor Oslem Jevik, who leads these excavations, emphasized the importance of this site as the region's first farming settlement.
00:04:06This mound is one of the oldest settlements in western Anatolia.
00:04:10Archaeologists have discovered 8,850-year-old artifacts here.
00:04:14For many generations, people lived here, building one village after another.
00:04:19One of the impressive artifacts was a clay figurine of a woman found in recent excavations.
00:04:25Previously, researchers had already discovered such figurines, but many of them were broken.
00:04:29This is the third figurine found in pristine condition.
00:04:33There is a hypothesis that these figurines represent deities, but some of them were found in a garbage dump, which
00:04:39makes this theory less likely.
00:04:42Perhaps the figurines were used in various rituals associated with significant life events, such as childbirth or harvest.
00:04:50Golden tongues and depictions of deities.
00:04:53Archaeologists from Egypt's Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities have uncovered an extraordinary collection of artifacts during excavations at Tel-Eldir.
00:05:01This site has enriched Egypt's history with 63 mud-brick tombs.
00:05:09The team discovered numerous artifacts, including gold foil items depicting deities such as Isis, Pastit and Horus, as well as
00:05:17protective symbols and tongues that allowed the destruction of the world.
00:05:22These foil fragments stand out for their craftsmanship and the variety of materials used.
00:05:28Numerous funerary gifts were also found, amulets, figurines, ushabti, statuettes, coins and a mirror, illustrating the burial customs of the
00:05:3726th dynasty.
00:05:38Among the finds was a ceramic vessel containing 38 bronze coins from the Ptolemaic period depicting the head of Zeus
00:05:45Ammon.
00:05:46These coins, dated to the late 3rd century BC, may have been buried during a major rebellion against the Ptolemaic
00:05:54dynasty around 206 BC.
00:05:57The sarcophagus of a woman of special status. In the city of Rheims, France, archaeologists made a unique discovery.
00:06:05An ancient Roman-era sarcophagus dating back to the 2nd century AD, according to experts, its owner was a woman
00:06:12of high social status.
00:06:13The sarcophagus, crafted from hard limestone, was meticulously secured with 8 iron locks and concealed beneath a heavy stone slab
00:06:21weighing 770 kg.
00:06:24To examine the contents without damaging the relic, researchers used X-rays and endoscopy.
00:06:29That way, they discovered a human skeleton surrounded by funerary grave goods.
00:06:34Inside the sarcophagus was a woman who had passed away at the age of 40, buried alongside her were personal
00:06:40items intended for the afterlife.
00:06:42A miniature mirror, a ring set with an amber stone, a comb as well as oil lamps and flasks, possibly
00:06:50containing scented oils.
00:06:51The sarcophagus was discovered in the vast grounds of Rheims' ancient necropolis,
00:06:55situated near seven major roads connecting the city to other Roman settlements, including Lutetia, present-day Paris and Lugdunum, today's
00:07:04Leon.
00:07:05Over 5000 burials were found in this area, but most of them had been looted and many artifacts were destroyed
00:07:11during World War I.
00:07:14The discovery of this sarcophagus is a real find, as it is the first fully intact object of its kind
00:07:20in this Gallo-Roman city.
00:07:21Scientists hope that DNA analysis from this tomb will reveal more about its owner, potentially uncovering the secrets of her
00:07:29origin and social status.
00:07:31The Mermaid of India
00:07:33Few have heard of the Chandrak-Tugar archaeological site in India, located about 35 km from Kolkata.
00:07:42Chandrak-Tugar was a thriving port city engaged in international trade, inhabited by people since 400 BC.
00:07:51Until 1250 AD today, only the ruins of a 10th century brick Buddhist temple remain at this site.
00:07:58Interest in Chandrak-Tugar emerged due to the vast array of terracotta artifacts dating back to the Shunga period, that
00:08:05is between the 2nd and 1st centuries BC.
00:08:07Most of them were stolen or taken abroad, and only a few fragments have survived in Indian museums.
00:08:13Although the site was discovered in 1906, the archaeological survey of India under British control carried out no excavations here.
00:08:21Many of the stolen items are now in world museums, such as the Met.
00:08:25Two terracotta plaques depict a mermaid, a rather rare motif for Indian culture.
00:08:29On one plaque, the mermaid swims by a lake, holding something resembling a mirror or a flower.
00:08:35People on the shore gaze at her, as if she were a marvel.
00:08:38A great chief has arrived in a chariot, just to see this creature.
00:08:41On the other, the mermaid has been caught in a net by fishermen.
00:08:45The people are waving to her, and she waves back, showing no fear.
00:08:49Examining these reliefs, I wondered if they were a depiction of ancient legends or real events that took place in
00:08:55Chandrak-Tugar 2,200 years ago.
00:08:58Perhaps mermaids weren't a figment of the imagination, but were real sea creatures in ancient times.
00:09:04Let me know in the comments below the video whether you believe in the existence of mermaids or something similar.
00:09:09After all, it's not for nothing that the depths of the seas and oceans remain unexplored to this day.
00:09:14They deciphered the oldest alphabet.
00:09:18Since 1964, archaeologists have discovered 15 tablets with mysterious carvings at the site of an ancient settlement in Jordan.
00:09:25Recent analysis has shown that the tablets were likely created by the Canaanites, an ancient Semitic people,
00:09:31who lived in what is now Israel, Palestine, Lebanon, and parts of Jordan and Syria.
00:09:37Research revealed that the tablets contained 29 unique symbols written from left to right.
00:09:43These symbols include dots, vertical bars, and abstract drawings.
00:09:47Scholars believe the inscriptions represent cultic proverbs associated with a religious temple.
00:09:53Some signs, such as a symbol resembling an eye, were identified as Ayin, which means eye in Hebrew.
00:10:00These parallels helped begin the decipherment.
00:10:02The Canaanites inhabited Canaan from 3500 to 1200 BC until they were conquered by the Israelite tribes.
00:10:10They are mentioned in the Old Testament.
00:10:13Interestingly, the Canaanite alphabet became the basis for Phoenician script, which in turn influenced the Greek and Latin alphabets.
00:10:21Bactrian gold, Afghanistan.
00:10:24In the very heart of Afghanistan, at the crossroads of ancient civilizations,
00:10:29one of the most impressive archaeological treasures of the 20th century was discovered, the Bactrian gold.
00:10:35This remarkable find, consisting of more than 20,000 gold items, was discovered in 1978 by archaeologist Victor Sarianidi.
00:10:44These treasures date back to the first millennium BC and belong to an ancient people who inhabited the Tilyatepe area
00:10:51in northern Afghanistan.
00:10:53Jewelry, coins, figurines, and many other art objects reflect a fusion of diverse cultures from Greece and Rome to China
00:11:00and India.
00:11:01The jewelry attracts particular attention.
00:11:04Daddams, earrings, necklaces, everything is exquisitely decorated with precious stones and inlaid with the finest gold wire.
00:11:11Among the imagery on the jewelry, one can see panthers, deer, dragons, and a multitude of other mythical creatures.
00:11:18Interestingly, after their discovery, the treasures were considered lost for a long time due to political instability in the region.
00:11:26But in 2003, they were found in a vault of the Afghan central bank.
00:11:30Today, this treasure serves as a reminder of Afghanistan's rich and multifaceted history and its place in world civilization.
00:11:38Egypt reads this story.
00:11:40Archaeologists in Egypt have stumbled upon something absolutely incredible.
00:11:44In Herakonpolis, an ancient city on the banks of the Nile that was Egypt's cultural center before the pyramids, a
00:11:51cemetery was discovered, but an unusual one.
00:11:54Dr. Renee Friedman and her team expected an ordinary excavation, but what they found made them gasp in amazement.
00:12:01In the tombs, alongside human remains, lay unexpected guests, baboons, wild cats, even hippos.
00:12:07These animals are not typically found in Egypt.
00:12:10The most astonishing part is that all of these animals were well cared for.
00:12:13They received medical treatment, were well fed, and had even lived in captivity for a long time.
00:12:18According to Friedman, this may have been the world's first zoo exhibit.
00:12:22These animals were symbols of power and might, demonstrations of wealth and control over nature.
00:12:28This zoo is one of the most astonishing discoveries in Egypt.
00:12:32Imagine how these ancient Egyptians cared for their wild pets, using them in religious rituals and displaying their power.
00:12:41Bar reliefs with mechanisms
00:12:44Sometimes we see faces, animals or objects in the clouds.
00:12:49It's called pareidolia, when our brain creates familiar images where they don't actually exist.
00:12:55And what about cosmic pareidolia?
00:12:57Remember the face on Mars that turned out to be just a mountain?
00:13:01A similar situation happened in Egypt, in the city of Dendera.
00:13:04In an ancient temple, archaeologists discovered a bas-relief depicting a gas-discharge lamp.
00:13:10Did the Egyptians really use electricity?
00:13:13In fact, this image combines a flower and a snake, which symbolized stability and fertility.
00:13:18And in the temple of Osiris, they found a helicopter and an airship.
00:13:23But there are no surprises here either.
00:13:25These turned out to be traces of old plaster that wore away over time and created such interesting drawings.
00:13:32America was discovered 7,000 years earlier.
00:13:36The authors of a new study from Bournemouth University in the UK have presented evidence indicating that the first humans
00:13:42settled North America not 14,000 but at least 23,000 years ago.
00:13:47This date was determined based on the analysis of ancient human footprints and fossilized plants.
00:13:54Until recently, it was believed that humans arrived on the continent through an ice-free corridor formed by melting ice
00:14:0014,000 years ago.
00:14:02Scientists claim that hypotheses about an earlier settlement of the continent emerged at the beginning of the 21st century.
00:14:08The radiocarbon dating of the seeds found next to the human footprints was criticized.
00:14:13It was argued that the seeds could have absorbed old salt water, which would have distorted the dating results.
00:14:18To disprove this theory, researchers used flow cytometry, a method commonly applied in the analysis of human cells.
00:14:26This method allowed scientists to isolate and study individual plant particles.
00:14:31The second method, optically stimulated luminescence, also confirmed the antiquity of the footprints based on the dating of ancient plant
00:14:39seeds.
00:14:40Thus, the new analysis methods confirmed the scientists' previous conclusions indicating that the history of the first inhabitants of North
00:14:46America requires revision.
00:14:49Chinese people tasted an ancient drink.
00:14:52In an ancient tomb in China's Shaanxi province, a tightly sealed bronze vessel was found.
00:14:58Researchers discovered about 300 mammal of liquid inside it, which consists of the remains of a fermented alcoholic beverage about
00:15:042300 years old.
00:15:07Two people who tasted this liquid noted its metallic aftertaste.
00:15:11Humans learned how to make fermented drinks back in ancient times.
00:15:14The earliest evidence of this was found in Rakefet Cave in Israel, where cereal-based beer was brewed around 13
00:15:21,000 years ago.
00:15:22During the Neolithic era, alcoholic beverages began to be produced in the Middle East and China, using millet and rice.
00:15:29In a bronze vessel 30.5 cm high and 21.5 cm in diameter, they found 300 ml of a
00:15:36clear liquid, or more precisely, a fermented alcoholic beverage, used as a funerary offering.
00:15:41Researchers found starch granules in the liquid from four types of millet, foxtail millet, and Job's tears, legumes, wheat, barley,
00:15:50and rice.
00:15:51Additionally, they identified organisms involved in the fermentation, including aspergillus molds and baker's yeast.
00:15:57According to scientists, the drink resembled modern huanzhu or yellow wine.
00:16:03A lost history, a long-awaited fragment of the famous Dead Sea scrolls dating back 2700 years was recently found.
00:16:12These scrolls are part of ancient manuscripts discovered near the Dead Sea between 1946 and 1956, comprising 972 documents in
00:16:23various ancient languages.
00:16:25Notably, a third of them contain biblical texts, while the rest are extra-biblical, dating back to the Second Temple
00:16:31Period.
00:16:31Interestingly, one of the three rare fragments dating back to the First Temple Period, which was believed to be lost,
00:16:38was discovered in Montana, USA.
00:16:41The owner of this ancient artifact explained that his mother bought the papyrus as a souvenir in Jerusalem in 1965.
00:16:49This fragment has piqued the interest of scholars because it contains only four lines in ancient Hebrew, beginning with the
00:16:55words,
00:16:55To Ishmael send. Researchers suggest that this was an instruction for the recipient.
00:17:00The name Ishmael in biblical history is associated with the firstborn son of Abraham and his maidservant Hagar, and it
00:17:07was quite popular.
00:17:08After a thorough analysis, the specialists confirmed the authenticity of the scroll and its age.
00:17:13Now, this historical artifact is in Israel, at the Antiquities Authority.
00:17:18However, many similar scrolls are still hidden in private collections around the world.
00:17:23Ritual Figurines
00:17:25Built after 1325 the Great Temple, which served as the spiritual center of Tenochtitlan until 1521,
00:17:34when the Spanish conquerors destroyed it.
00:17:36But thanks to the efforts of the Templo Mayor project and INAH, the history of this temple comes to life
00:17:42before us once again.
00:17:43The Templo Mayor was not merely a building. It was a place of worship for Huitzilopochtli and Laloc, symbolizing war
00:17:51and fertility.
00:17:52Today, its remains can be seen near the Zocalo in Mexico City.
00:17:56Recent excavations have revealed the Tepetlacali, a stone chest where figurines and various artifacts were found.
00:18:02These discoveries tell us about the ancient culture and rituals of the Aztecs.
00:18:06As archaeologist López Luján states, these figurines had special significance in religious rituals.
00:18:12Additionally, a stone chest, dating back to the reign of Moctezuma I, was found, which contained over 186 relics.
00:18:21These discoveries bear witness to the rich and unique Aztec culture.
00:18:25Vampires in Poland
00:18:27At an archaeological site in Poland, the 17th century remains of a child with a padlock on their foot were
00:18:34discovered.
00:18:35Researchers believe that the locals were afraid the child might rise again as a vampire.
00:18:40In the Middle Ages in Europe, many believed in vampires and used various methods to keep the deceased in their
00:18:45graves.
00:18:46Recently, archaeologists, including Dariusz Polinski from Nicolaus Copernicus University,
00:18:51discovered an unusual burial near Dombrowa Czominska in Poland.
00:18:54It was a woman with a padlock on her foot and a sickle around her neck.
00:18:59And now, a new discovery.
00:19:01A child vampire.
00:19:02The child was only 5 or 7 years old when they passed away.
00:19:05He was buried face down, as if they feared what he might do even after death.
00:19:09In the Middle Ages, such burials were conducted so that the deceased would bite the ground and pose no threat
00:19:15to the living.
00:19:16They also found a cluster of other children's skeletons nearby, along with a jaw fragment bearing a green tint.
00:19:21Most likely, a copper object was placed in the deceased's mouth, hence the color.
00:19:26An ornate Roman piece of jewelry.
00:19:28A recent archaeological breakthrough in the Roman town of Lucas Asturum in Spain has become a true sensation.
00:19:35In this picturesque place, which served as an important administrative center between the 1st and 4th centuries,
00:19:41a remarkably preserved 2,000-year-old Roman sandal was discovered.
00:19:45During the excavations, researchers found an ancient well, in which the lost shoe was discovered.
00:19:51In order to carefully retrieve it, archaeologists used a special system.
00:19:55This shoe was particularly remarkable.
00:19:57Unique patterns in the form of circles, ovals and falcon figures were found on it.
00:20:01Remarkably, among all known Roman sandals in Spain, this is the only one that is decorated.
00:20:07The silt at the bottom of the well preserved it over time, creating conditions that prevented degradation.
00:20:12Besides the sandal, many other items were found in the well.
00:20:15A wooden lid, pitchers, seeds, mollusks and metal objects.
00:20:19Currently, the sandal is kept in a refrigerated chamber until the restoration work is completed.
00:20:25This Roman sandal is a remarkable piece of history, offering a glimpse into the creativity and daily life of the
00:20:32ancient Romans.
00:20:33Remains of Ancient Plants
00:20:36Archaeologists from Gard Archaeology found a Bronze Age hoard in Rosemarkey.
00:20:40The hoard, dating back to around 1000 BC, was discovered in a prehistoric settlement with six round houses and a
00:20:46Bronze Age grave.
00:20:47They also found a wooden palisade at the excavation site, which defended the settlement.
00:20:52Laboratory examinations showed that the hoard consists of six penannular bracelets, along with a cup-ended bracelet,
00:20:59one complete neck ring, one partial neck ring and intertwined plant fibers.
00:21:05Remarkably, the plant cords that bound the bracelets were preserved thanks to the antimicrobial properties of the copper in the
00:21:11bronze.
00:21:11The cords have remained intact for about 3000 years.
00:21:15The Iron Man Buddha
00:21:17It is an astonishing find that has shocked scientists all over the world.
00:21:22Standing about 24 cm tall and weighing 10 kg, this statue was crafted from a meteorite fragment.
00:21:29The specimen represents the image of the Buddhist deity Vaishravana, who symbolizes protection and wealth.
00:21:35The statue's origin was meticulously studied by researchers.
00:21:38Based on the analysis, it was determined that the material used was taken from the Chinga meteorite,
00:21:43which fell on the border of Mongolia and Siberia about 15,000 years ago.
00:21:48It is believed that the statue was created in the 11th century AD in Tibet.
00:21:53It is amazing how ancient craftsmen, without even suspecting its cosmic origin,
00:21:58were able to work it so skillfully and turn it into a work of art.
00:22:02In 1938, an expedition led by Ernst Schaefer, financed by Nazi Germany, discovered the statue in Tibet and brought it
00:22:09to Germany.
00:22:10Subsequently, its origin and material remained a subject of controversy and mystery for a long time,
00:22:16until recent scientific research revealed its remarkable history.
00:22:20Today, the Iron Man is not only a magnificent work of art, but also a testament to a unique combination
00:22:25of creations,
00:22:26роды и человеческого мастерства.
00:22:30An ancient adult toy, the artifact, which is over 2,000 years old, was found in Great Britain back in
00:22:371992.
00:22:41Initially, archaeologists assumed that this wooden object was used as a sewing tool,
00:22:45but further studies suggested that it might have been an ancient sex device.
00:22:51Most scientists agree that the found wooden object is shaped like a phallus.
00:22:55The uniqueness of this artifact is that it hasn't changed its shape or the way it's used, even thousands of
00:23:02years later.
00:23:02And the most interesting thing is that its shape won't change in the future either, for obvious reasons.
00:23:08However, based on Roman depictions, there are several theories that this artifact was used as a sex toy.
00:23:15It's known that they had dildos, but they rarely survived to our day, since they were most often made of
00:23:21organic materials.
00:23:23Some archaeologists also suggest that slave owners could have used such an object to inflict pain and demonstrate power over
00:23:30slaves.
00:23:31Others believe it could have been a good luck charm, since charms of this shape were very common in ancient
00:23:36times.
00:23:37And the last option is that it could have been used as a mortar for grinding or mixing spices and
00:23:43other materials used for cooking or medicinal purposes.
00:23:47The Discovery of Noah's Ark
00:23:50In 1959, Captain Ilhan Durupunar, while working on aerial photography for NATO in Turkey, made an unexpected discovery.
00:23:58At an altitude of 2000 meters, he spotted unusual geological formations resembling the outline of a massive ship.
00:24:05This discovery sparked a storm of controversy and speculation that the unearthed remains could be Noah's Ark.
00:24:13The discovery caught the attention of both scientists and adventurers alike.
00:24:17Despite numerous expeditions and studies in the years that followed, no definitive proof confirming the biblical story of the Ark
00:24:24has ever been found.
00:24:26However, this region continues to be of scientific interest in evaluating whether events like the biblical flood actually occurred.
00:24:35Geological studies in the Black Sea region have shown that a catastrophic flood did indeed occur around 6000 years ago.
00:24:42This could have been caused by massive glacial melting, which led to a significant rise in global sea levels.
00:24:48In addition, clay tablets dated to the same period were found in Mesopotamia.
00:24:53One of these tablets describes the story of the great flood and the rescue of various animal species on a
00:24:58ship,
00:24:59which has striking parallels to the story of Noah from the Bible.
00:25:02These findings suggest that the themes of global cataclysms and salvation aboard a ship may have deep historical roots,
00:25:10running through many cultures and civilizations.
00:25:13The Book of Kells is a medieval manuscript kept in the Trinity College Library and is one of the main
00:25:21attractions of Dublin.
00:25:23This manuscript contains the four gospels in Latin and canon tables written on vellum.
00:25:28The book measures 33 by 25 centimeters and consists of 340 folios.
00:25:34It was created in the late 8th or early 9th century and research has shown that it had four illustrators.
00:25:41A unique feature of the manuscript is that each letter has its own unique design, color and meaning,
00:25:47like a secret code that has yet to be deciphered.
00:25:50The book takes its name from the Abbey of Kells where it was saved from Viking raids in the year
00:25:55814.
00:25:56It is believed that work on it began during the lifetime of Saint Columba and continued for two centuries after
00:26:02his death.
00:26:03Historians proposed several versions of this manuscript's origin.
00:26:07According to one of them, it was created on the Isle of Iona and later moved to the Celtic Abbey.
00:26:12Another version states that writing began on Iona but was completed in Kells.
00:26:16There is also a theory that the manuscript was created in England or even in Scotland.
00:26:21Despite the variety of theories, the Book of Kells remains one of the most enigmatic and magnificent masterpieces of the
00:26:29Middle Ages.
00:26:29In the Bronze Age, people traded entire cities.
00:26:33The tumultuous 2023 earthquake in Turkey brought not only destruction but also discovery.
00:26:39In Karaman Marash, where it all happened, stands the ancient mound of Telechana.
00:26:44The city of Al-Allah once stood there, a true hub of the Bronze Age.
00:26:48Al-Allah had been founded back in the 2nd millennium BC.
00:26:51It was part of Yamhat, a giant empire of that era, and palaces were standing there as early as 2000
00:26:57BC.
00:26:58Right there we come across the mysterious Yarym Lim.
00:27:01Who is he? A brother, a son.
00:27:03This question plagued scholars for a long time until recent findings pointed to his fraternal relationship with the ruler of
00:27:09Yamhat.
00:27:10And now, after the earthquake, archaeologists have discovered a clay tablet with cuneiform script on it.
00:27:15It was a purchase and sale agreement for an entire city, and most intriguingly, the buyer was our hero, Yarym
00:27:21Lim.
00:27:21It's like an ancient receipt from a shop that hasn't even opened yet.
00:27:25For a long time, it was believed that cities were gifted or exchanged, but never sold.
00:27:30This tablet changes everything.
00:27:32Ancient election campaign slogans.
00:27:34In ancient Pompeii, archaeologists discovered unique election campaign slogans dating back over 2000 years.
00:27:42These inscriptions could have belonged to Aulus Rustius Verus, who was running for the position of Aedile, an office responsible
00:27:49for the maintenance of public buildings.
00:27:51What is unusual is that the slogans were located inside the house rather than outside, as was customary at the
00:27:57time.
00:27:57Researchers suggested that this might indicate Verus was hosting a dinner at his house to bribe voters, with the slogan
00:28:04serving as part of the decor and a reminder.
00:28:06A reminder of his candidacy? The find reveals how crucial it was for candidates to gain the trust of citizens,
00:28:13even if it meant resorting to bribery.
00:28:15Given that the house of Aulus Rustius Verus was one of the most luxurious in Pompeii, and that he had
00:28:21close ties to the imperial dynasty, researchers believe he did indeed become an aedile.
00:28:27A diver found an extremely rare treasure.
00:28:30Way back in 1715, eleven ships left the Cuban port and headed to Europe laden with treasure.
00:28:36But a hurricane off the eastern coast of Florida sank the vessels, killing 1,500 sailors.
00:28:43Gitchluck, his business partner Mike Penninger, along with Camelio and Carina Lee, discovered over 200 silver coins on the seabed.
00:28:50Depending on the condition of the coins, the find could be worth between 12 and 130 thousand dollars.
00:28:56While exploring the shipwrecks, the team often finds ceramic and metal fragments, but coins are a rare sight.
00:29:03Silver coins can corrode after hundreds of years under water, but pieces of eight are easy to recognize.
00:29:09The treasure was found among the wreckage of one of the two flagships.
00:29:13Gitchluck believes that the coins may have been minted in Mexico City.
00:29:17The hoard has not been appraised yet, but the majority will go to a museum, with only a small portion
00:29:22put up for sale.
00:29:23The Singapore stone.
00:29:25Before you lies a massive sandstone boulder, centuries old, which stood at the mouth of the Singapore river, like a
00:29:32steadfast sentinel of time.
00:29:34Its strange symbols, discernible upon it.
00:29:37It is an inscription that has never been deciphered, perhaps written in old Javanese or Sanskrit, and possibly commissioned by
00:29:44some influential Sumatran.
00:29:46The stone is even linked to the legendary 14th century strongman named Badang.
00:29:51They say he hurled a rock into the river, and later, stone pillars were erected in his honor.
00:29:56But what happened to it next?
00:29:59In 1843, the stone was blown up to widen the passage at the river mouth.
00:30:03Only fragments remained of it, and one of them is now housed in the National Museum of Singapore as a
00:30:09national treasure.
00:30:10This stone is not just an old piece of sandstone.
00:30:13It's a mystery that scientists are trying to unravel.
00:30:16The secret held by this inscription will tell us more about the past and the people who lived in ancient
00:30:22times.
00:30:23Perhaps future technologies will help us decipher it?
00:30:29It all started when locals were digging irrigation canals and accidentally stumbled upon these amazing finds.
00:30:37At the site that came to be known as El Cementerio, the remains of 25 individuals were found,
00:30:4217 of whom were children aged between 5 months and 16 years,
00:30:46and the other 13 skulls are so deformed that they simply boggle the mind.
00:30:51As archaeologist Cristina Garcia Moreno explains, such skull shapes are the result of an ancient tradition
00:30:58where children's heads were bound with wooden boards.
00:31:01This was done to distinguish their social group or status.
00:31:04But the exact reason for this unusual custom still remains a mystery.
00:31:10Fragment of the oldest book.
00:31:12Teresa Zamet Lupi, a conservator from the University of Graz,
00:31:16examined a papyrus dating back to the 3rd century BC,
00:31:19and discovered traces of binding on it.
00:31:22Just think about it.
00:31:24She was holding a page of a book that was over 2,000 years old.
00:31:28This unique fragment was discovered in 1902 next to a mummy.
00:31:32And this find could rewrite the entire history of books,
00:31:35as it is 400 years older than the earliest known books.
00:31:39As of today, it is believed that the oldest books were created between 150 and 250 AD,
00:31:45and some of them can be seen in the British Library in London and the Chester Beatty Library in Dublin.
00:31:51Scientists are convinced that similar relics may be hidden in other museums,
00:31:55it's just that no one has discovered them yet.
00:31:57After all, papyrus was a fairly accessible writing material, and it was used extensively.
00:32:02This stunning fragment, measuring about 15 by 20 cm, was found in the Egyptian necropolis of Haibe,
00:32:09and is part of a collection of 52 papyri.
00:32:12Today, we have a unique opportunity to learn the story hidden behind every symbol on these ancient pages.
00:32:19An unknown statue in a Thai forest?
00:32:22Recently in Thailand, mushroom pickers found a stone sculpture of a woman resembling the Buddha's mother,
00:32:28and reported the discovery to researchers.
00:32:30Despite the region's remoteness, the archaeologist had doubts regarding the statue's origin.
00:32:35This discovery has sparked debates among scholars trying to determine the statue's age.
00:32:40One of the people who found the statue shared the discovery on social media, expressing his surprise and admiration.
00:32:46He called it a blessing, as the sculpture was found in a place he had known for a long time.
00:32:53The sculpture depicts a full-length woman with long hair and traditional clothing,
00:32:58including a long skirt and a heavy scarf around her neck, holding a branch above her head.
00:33:03Some believe the sculpture dates back to the Dvaravati period,
00:33:07a Southeast Asian kingdom from the 6th to 11th centuries, and depicts Mayadevi,
00:33:11the mother of Siddhartha Gautama, who became the Buddha.
00:33:14However, this theory is not universally accepted.
00:33:18An art historian from Silpacorn University in Thailand believes the sculpture might be from a later period,
00:33:24suggesting that the sculptor imitated ancient Indian art, but created their work at a later date.
00:33:29The specialist points to the sculpture's facial features, such as the eyebrows and lips,
00:33:33which do not match those of the Dvaravati period.
00:33:35He also notes that depicting Mayadevi with a fig branch was not common in the region during that era,
00:33:42though the Southeast Asian fig tree holds religious significance for both Buddhists and Hindus.
00:33:48A sunken ancient church!
00:33:51This is a special story that will take you back to the 16th century, straight to Mexico,
00:33:57where an entire Catholic church can now be seen in the reservoir.
00:34:01Incredible, isn't it?
00:34:02The water level of the Nezahual-Coyotal reservoir dropped sharply due to a drought.
00:34:07And now, after 60 years under water, the ancient Temple of Santiago, also known as the Temple of Quechula, has
00:34:14resurfaced.
00:34:14And the most interesting thing is that now you can drive right up to it by car.
00:34:19This temple was subordinate to the monastery of Tekpatan, founded in 1564,
00:34:24but the area around the temple became deserted.
00:34:26When people fled these lands due to a terrible plague between 1773 and 1776,
00:34:32Nevertheless, travelers and believers continued to visit it until the 19th century,
00:34:38because it was located on the King's Highway, built by Spanish conquistadors centuries later.
00:34:42In 1966, during the creation of the reservoir, the temple was flooded,
00:34:47but even after that its unique arches, ornaments and even handmade bricks remained intact.
00:34:53A few months ago the temple began to gradually emerge and people were able to visit it by boat,
00:34:58but now the water level has dropped even lower and the temple has completely reappeared on dry land,
00:35:03and now tourists can drive up to it by car and even walk right to it.
00:35:07Which is exactly what they're doing, since an opportunity like this doesn't come along very often.
00:35:11A 4000 year old package staff at the National Museum of Ireland have received unique artifacts from the Bronze Age.
00:35:21An anonymous sender mailed in two axes that are over 4000 years old.
00:35:26Experts noted that the axes were carefully packed in a box, padded with foam.
00:35:31The sender also enclosed a letter stating that the axes were found using a metal detector in the Westmeath area.
00:35:37The museum appealed to the sender to provide more information about the find,
00:35:41especially the exact discovery location, to help understand the historical context.
00:35:46The axes date back to the early 2nd millennium BC, which coincides with the beginning of the Bronze Age.
00:35:53They could be among the first metal axes in Ireland, made of copper, possibly mined on Ross Island.
00:36:00The object itself is valuable, but the context is also important.
00:36:04Artifacts were often buried in places linked to rituals.
00:36:07The museum hopes the sender will reach out to provide more details.
00:36:12The Terracotta Army China, in the heart of China, at the foot of Mount Lishan.
00:36:18A breathtaking panoramic view opens up to one of the greatest archaeological discoveries of the 20th century,
00:36:23the Terracotta Army.
00:36:25Created over 2000 years ago, to protect the tomb of China's first emperor, Qin Shi Huang.
00:36:31This army is a colossal collection of over 8000 warrior statues,
00:36:36130 chariots with 520 horses and 150 cavalry horses.
00:36:41Each warrior is unique, with their facial features, clothing and footwear all crafted with astonishing detail.
00:36:47Having uncovered this complex, in 1974, archaeologists were awed by the sheer scale and excellence of this work.
00:36:55Incredibly, all the figures were originally painted in vibrant colors,
00:36:59but many of them have faded over time.
00:37:02The Terracotta Army stands as a testament to the grandeur of the Qin Empire and its quest for immortality.
00:37:08It is a vivid reminder of the might, artistry and ambition of ancient Chinese civilization.
00:37:14Today, these statues represent not only a historical legacy, but also a symbol of China's cultural richness.
00:37:22The oldest pirate flag.
00:37:23The National Museum of the Royal Navy in Portsmouth showcases a unique artifact.
00:37:28The Jolly Roger Pirate flag.
00:37:31Captured off the coast of Africa, in 1780, this flag with a red background served as a clear message to
00:37:38merchant ships,
00:37:39surrender or die.
00:37:40Traces of gunpowder and bullet-sharred holes are visible on its fabric.
00:37:44Around 1700, such flags began to be actively used by pirates.
00:37:48Initially, the red color dominated, but over time, pirates experimented, favoring other designs as well, including black flags.
00:37:57Richard Noyes, the museum curator, says that the image of pirates created by Hollywood is far from reality.
00:38:03In history, they were a dangerous threat to trade, not romantic movie heroes.
00:38:07Each pirate ship captain could choose their own design for their flag, but the skull and crossbones motif became the
00:38:13most popular.
00:38:16The name Jolly Roger probably originated from the French phrase Jolly Rouge, which translates to pretty red, highlighting the original
00:38:24red color of the flag.
00:38:27Due to a drought in the Brazilian region, the water level in the Amazon River has reached a record low.
00:38:33This led to the discovery of faces and other figures engraved on an ancient stone, which is over 2000 years
00:38:40old.
00:38:40These petroglyphs, including depictions of animals and other natural forms, were found on the banks of the Rio Negro at
00:38:47an archaeological site known as Ponto das Lajez, the Place of Slabs.
00:38:51Researchers estimate the drawings to be between 1000 and 2000 years old.
00:38:56Along with depictions of faces and water, there are also grooves carved into the stones.
00:39:01Indicating that the site was used for making stone tools, archaeologists discovered 25 groups of carvings on a single rock
00:39:08face.
00:39:09The find indicates that the site was used for sharpening various tools.
00:39:13In addition, pottery shards were discovered there.
00:39:17Although Ponta das Lajez is recognized as an archaeological site, the petroglyphs haven't been studied yet.
00:39:24What other secrets do you think the Amazon is hiding?
00:39:27Share your thoughts in the comments.
00:39:30The oldest tunic from Egypt
00:39:33The tunic, which is 4500 years old, is now in the Cairo Museum and is one of the most valuable
00:39:39exhibits of ancient Egyptian art.
00:39:41This remarkable piece of clothing has survived to the present day in good condition, allowing us a glimpse into the
00:39:47daily life and fashion of ancient Egypt.
00:39:49The tunic is made of linen, a popular material in those times that was cool and accessible.
00:39:53Its design is simple yet elegant. The narrow sleeves and straight cut emphasize the status in the social hierarchy and
00:40:00the level of sophistication of its owner.
00:40:02It is interesting to note that despite its age, the design of the tunic remains relevant even today.
00:40:08It is believed that such tunics were worn by high-ranking individuals or priests.
00:40:12Clothing of this kind emphasized the social status of its owner.
00:40:16Members of the upper classes of Egyptian society often adorned their garments with embroidery or gold needlework to stand out
00:40:23from the rest.
00:40:25Beer Quarry Cave
00:40:26This Roman quarry was once a smuggler's haven and now it is home to rare species of bats.
00:40:34The beer stone quarried here was already an important building material in Roman times.
00:40:39Two thousand years of quarrying have created a winding system of caves near the village of Beer, which gave its
00:40:45name to this stone.
00:40:46The first Romans arriving in Devon noticed the limestone cliffs near the mouth of the river Ex.
00:40:51They discovered veins of fine-grained limestone and began quarrying it.
00:40:55When surface reserves were exhausted, the Romans went deeper into the rock, quarrying the stone with pickaxes and wooden wedges.
00:41:01This stone was used to construct important public buildings.
00:41:04The stone was transported to the river and shipped out on boats.
00:41:08After the Romans left, the quarries were used by the Saxons.
00:41:11Their workings featured sharp, square corners, unlike the rounded Roman ones.
00:41:16Beer stone was easy to work with, but it hardened when exposed to air, becoming stronger.
00:41:21It was cut on site and used to build landmarks such as Windsor Castle, London Bridge and Westminster Abbey.
00:41:26The stone was also used in the construction of Christ Church Cathedral in St. Louis, USA.
00:41:32After the Protestant Reformation, Catholics held secret masses in these caves.
00:41:37In the early 19th century, smugglers, including Jack Rattenbury, used the caves to hide contraband from ships.
00:41:43Stone quarrying ceased in the early 20th century, when a new location was opened.
00:41:48Today, these caves are of special scientific interest due to rare bats.
00:41:54A provocative artifact.
00:41:55In the Khangai Mountains of Northern Mongolia, archaeologists uncovered a real sensation, a stone ornament in the shape of a
00:42:02human phallus.
00:42:03Yes, you heard that right.
00:42:04This small carved piece of graphite, measuring 4.3 cm in length, is the oldest known depiction of a human
00:42:11with sex-specific characteristics.
00:42:14Believe it or not, its age is estimated at anywhere from 42,400 to 41,900 years, placing it in
00:42:22the Upper Paleolithic.
00:42:23Such phallic pendants are something new in Paleolithic history.
00:42:28They indicate that the early hunter-gatherers were already using sex characteristics as symbols.
00:42:33You can see grooves on the pendant that scientists believe resemble the male sexual organ.
00:42:38The most interesting part is that the back of the pendant is smooth while the front is not.
00:42:43It looks like the pendant was worn around the neck.
00:42:45The surface of the pendant is slightly worn, suggesting it was passed down from generation to generation.
00:42:50And prehistoric canoes at the bottom of the lake.
00:42:54The Wisconsin Historical Society discovered 11 ancient boats in Lake Mendota,
00:42:59ranging in age from 4,500 to 800 years old, as well as fishing nets and tools.
00:43:06The canoes were found at the bottom of the lake and along the shoreline.
00:43:09Experts suggest that an unknown civilization once flourished here.
00:43:12The Ho-Chunk tribe lived around Lake Mendota, but even earlier Paleo-Indians appeared here around 12,000 years ago.
00:43:20The boats, known as dugout canoes, are made from a single log.
00:43:25Archaeologists have been excavating at the lake since 2021 and discovered a 1,200-year-old boat,
00:43:314.5 meters long with ancient fishing nets at a depth of 9 meters.
00:43:36Radiocarbon dating revealed that the oldest canoe is around 4,500 years old.
00:43:41The latest boat, made of red oak, dates back to around 1250 AD.
00:43:47The boats were razed from the bottom of the lake using flotation bags and transported to the shore.
00:43:52Archaeologists do not plan to retrieve the other canoes due to their fragility.
00:43:56The land of princes, archaeologists from the University of Bologna have discovered an astonishing new tomb in the Coronaldo Necropolis
00:44:04in the province of Ancona, Italy.
00:44:07Archaeological excavations revealed a rectangular tomb at the center of a large circular pit.
00:44:12The tomb, measuring 3.8 by 1.5 meters, contained more than 150 decorated artifacts,
00:44:19including a two-wheeled chariot, a bronze helmet, cauldrons, and beautifully decorated vessels.
00:44:24These items point to a funeral feast, which indicates the high status of the deceased.
00:44:30The burial dates back to the 7th century BC and is linked to the Pichentes,
00:44:34an ancient Italic people who lived along the Adriatic coast from the 9th to the 3rd century BC.
00:44:40The Pichentes were known for their trade ties with neighboring cultures, including the Etruscans,
00:44:45which is confirmed by the Etruscan artifacts found.
00:44:48Recent discoveries include a large circular ditch 30 meters in diameter with a rectangular tomb.
00:44:53Among the artifacts are skewers, an iron meat axe, and various ceramic serving pieces, indicating a funerary banquet.
00:45:01This highlights the high social status of the deceased.
00:45:05Coronaldo mayor Gianni Aloisi stated that the town can now be called the Land of Princes, confirming the historical and
00:45:11cultural value of the archaeological site.
00:45:13Nevola? A recipe from the grave.
00:45:17Czech scientists have recreated Celtic beer based on pollen studies from an ancient Celtic burial in Moravia.
00:45:24Beer has deep roots, with the first traces dating back to the Middle East, where breweries appeared around 5,000
00:45:31to 5,500 years ago.
00:45:32However, its full history still remains a mystery.
00:45:36Excavations conducted in 2020 and 2021 opened up new horizons in understanding ancient cultures, revealing the life and traditions of
00:45:45pre-Celtic peoples.
00:45:46Modern analyses of pollen discovered that this site revealed traces of millet and other herbs used by the Celts to
00:45:52brew beer.
00:45:52Scientists suggest that certain ingredients, such as clover, might have served as sweeteners for the beverage, pointing to sophisticated flavor
00:46:00preferences and brewing techniques of antiquity.
00:46:03The resulting Tauri Ale has unique flavor qualities that differ from modern brews, emphasizing the role of various herbs and
00:46:10spices in its production.
00:46:12The absence of hops is an interesting aspect of the beer's flavor profile, making it similar to medieval recipes.
00:46:19As one of humanity's oldest beverages, beer continues to connect people across cultures and centuries.
00:46:26Victims of a Maya ritual
00:46:29At the Moral Reforma archaeological site, once ruled by the ancient Maya, scientists uncovered 13 burials with elongated skulls.
00:46:37Yes, and these poor souls were beheaded. I've often mentioned that the Maya had this custom.
00:46:42It was a trend, elongating skulls by reshaping them in infancy. It was a mark of high status.
00:46:48And all 13 newly discovered skulls belong to men aged between 17 and 45 years old.
00:46:55Anthropologist Miriam Martinez says the skulls were severed with a sharp object, although it's unclear whether such trauma led to
00:47:02death or if it occurred afterward.
00:47:04And one more interesting fact. Some of the remains had red pigment on them.
00:47:08What it is and why it's there, scientists are still working to figure out.
00:47:13The discovery of 16 hands.
00:47:17Recently, archaeologists discovered something shocking in the city of Avaris.
00:47:2116 human hands buried in 4 pits near the palace.
00:47:24And you know what the strangest part is?
00:47:26All of these hands are right hands, and they all belong to fairly large people.
00:47:30These hands are traces of an ancient custom described in Egyptian texts.
00:47:35Soldiers would cut off the enemy's right hand and exchange it for gold.
00:47:38By cutting off the right hand, the soldiers not only made it easier to count defeated enemies, but also symbolically
00:47:44stripped them of their strength, whose hands these were remains a mystery.
00:47:48They could have belonged to Egyptians, or to the Hyksos they fought.
00:47:52Such a cruel custom existed among both the Hyksos and the Egyptians, no one knows who started it first.
00:47:58Yet the cruel treatment of captives was common practice in ancient Egypt.
00:48:02A bracelet dating back 70,000 years.
00:48:05Scientists believe that this bracelet, dating back 65 to 70,000 years, was created by Denisovans, an ancient species of
00:48:13hominids closely related to, but distinct from Homo sapiens and Neanderthals.
00:48:18If confirmed, the creation date of the bracelet would have to be pushed back by 30,000 years.
00:48:24The bracelet was discovered in Siberia, and it may change our understanding of early human development.
00:48:30It is already forcing scientists to reconsider known levels of technology.
00:48:35For example, the bracelet features a hole made by drilling or sewing.
00:48:41Man from Kazakhstan
00:48:43In 1969, the burial of a man in golden armor was discovered in Kazakhstan, which went on to become a
00:48:49symbol of the country.
00:48:50Captivated by the 4,000 artifacts, scientists forgot about the remains themselves.
00:48:55The golden armor of the 5th century BC warrior, known as the Golden Man, became a symbol of Kazakhstan's independence.
00:49:03It was discovered in a sakat tomb near the settlement of Issyk, 60 kilometers east of Almaty.
00:49:08During the excavations, archaeologists discovered the remains with gold-adorned armor and many other valuable artifacts.
00:49:14The burial, discovered by a farmer preparing the land for sowing, had remained untouched despite the looting of the main
00:49:21tomb.
00:49:22Inside a sarcophagus made of spruce logs lay a skeleton adorned with 4,000 gold ornaments.
00:49:27This find astonished the scientists so much that the human remains initially received less attention.
00:49:31The golden man, referred to as the Tutankhamun of Kazakhstan, is believed to be an 18-year-old warrior of
00:49:38the Saka tribe,
00:49:38dressed in a suit with 1,000 gold ornaments, including a shirt, boots and a headdress.
00:49:43The costume is adorned with animal motifs and features a 70 cm tall headdress with arrows, snow leopards and mythical
00:49:51creatures.
00:49:52Suggested that the remains might belong to a female priest, citing artifacts found nearby, such as a mirror and a
00:49:58necklace.
00:49:59In her book Warrior Women, she put forward the theory that the golden man might have been a woman.
00:50:04The poor condition of the bones after 50 years of exposure to bacteria and substances complicates the analysis,
00:50:10but the possibility that the golden man was a woman remains open.
00:50:14Regardless of gender, the craftsmanship of the costume is astounding.
00:50:18And the fossilized bullet. A mysterious bullet, 2,200 years old, was found inside a stone in Crimea.
00:50:25Yes, yes, you heard right. A bullet.
00:50:28Back then, firearms and gunpowder didn't exist yet.
00:50:32Researchers discovered it when the stone split open.
00:50:34How did a bullet end up inside an ancient stone?
00:50:37This find could change all of history.
00:50:40Could a bullet from the future have landed in the past and laid in the ground for several millennia?
00:50:45In any case, the artifact is shrouded in mystery and we can only guess what really happened.
00:50:51What do you think? Share your thoughts in the comments.
00:50:56Meteorite finds in tombs.
00:50:58Even 2000 years before the beginning of the Iron Age, the Egyptians had already learned to work with meteoric iron.
00:51:05In ancient times, the sky was clearer and our ancestors looked to the stars and watched falling meteors.
00:51:11When meteors fell without burning up in the atmosphere, they became meteorites, cosmic stones.
00:51:18Scientists have confirmed that three small beads discovered in a tomb were used in jewelry back in 3200 BC.
00:51:26And they were made of meteoric iron.
00:51:29The ancient Egyptians drilled holes into it just like they did with other precious stones and then crafted valuable necklaces.
00:51:37Interestingly, meteorites were just as valuable to them as precious stones and metals.
00:51:44The oldest stomach stone? Ready for another shocking discovery?
00:51:49This time, we are traveling back in time, 150 million years, to examine the oldest stomach stone ever found.
00:51:58This rock, the size of your own fist, was discovered on the shores of the UK and is 59 million
00:52:04years older.
00:52:05Older than any previously known stomach stone.
00:52:08Now, as for who could have possessed this stone?
00:52:11That's pretty hard to determine without the surrounding skeletal structures.
00:52:15But Nigel Larkin, a paleontologist from the University of Reading, suggests that this stone could have been part of the
00:52:21digestive system of some large marine reptile.
00:52:23For example, an ichthyosaur or a plesiosaur.
00:52:27It's worth noting that dinosaurs that lived on land could hardly have been the owners of this stone.
00:52:33But nevertheless, this find is amazing and extremely rare.
00:52:37Stomach stones are nothing more than natural mineral formations that can develop inside various organisms, from humans to ichthyosaurs.
00:52:45Such stones were even found in the stomachs of Egyptian mummies, albeit of a much smaller size.
00:52:50The ancient stomach stone confirms that such formations existed not only in terrestrial creatures, but also in ancient marine life.
00:52:59Insect dyed fabric?
00:53:01Scientists examined fragments of dyed fabric discovered in Israel's Cave of Skulls.
00:53:06These pieces of textile date back to the Middle Bronze Age.
00:53:10Researchers' findings revealed that the fabric dye was made from dried Mediterranean Kermes-scale insects.
00:53:16Even in ancient times, people had learned how to produce dyes from living creatures.
00:53:19In the Mediterranean, the most expensive dye was Tyrian purple, extracted from the glandular secretions of sea snails.
00:53:26Another valuable red dye was made from dried female-scale insects, such as the Mediterranean Kermes, which live on oak
00:53:33trees.
00:53:33Written evidence of the use of such dyes can be found in cuneiform texts from the Newsy archives and in
00:53:39the Old Testament.
00:53:41Archaeologists have also found Kermes in Neolithic vessels in France, although they were most likely used for magical or medicinal
00:53:47purposes.
00:53:47The earliest fragments of textiles dyed with Kermes come from ancient salt mines in Austria, dating from 1400 to 400
00:53:55BC.
00:53:56Kermes was also used to dye the legendary Peseric carpet in the Altai.
00:54:02General's gold jewelry in 2020, a huge hoard of gold artifacts was found in Vindelev, Denmark, dating back to the
00:54:11migration period, which preceded the Viking Age.
00:54:14Among the finds are 23 gold items, including 13 5th century Bracteat's gold fittings, possibly from weapons, and 4 4th
00:54:22century Roman medallions.
00:54:24Of particular note is a Bracteat with a runic inscription, the largest ever found.
00:54:30Containing a reference to Odin, a key figure in Norse mythology, the study of these medallions has shed light on
00:54:37Vindelev's possible cultural and social connections with other regions of Europe.
00:54:42It is presumed that the medallions could have served as a bright price or high-status gifts among the elite
00:54:47circles.
00:54:48These gold medallions were likely worn by women as pendants, indicating the high status of their owner, who carried influence
00:54:55both locally and internationally.
00:54:58The significance of these medallions lies in the fact that they were bestowed upon prominent Roman figures, such as senators
00:55:03and generals,
00:55:04and their presence in Vindelev, far from the Roman Empire, highlights the importance of this find.
00:55:10The Gobi Astronaut, in 1834, in the Gobi Desert in Mongolia, the renowned English explorer and cartographer Charles Edwin, discovered
00:55:20a mysterious cave in the rock.
00:55:22Inside the cave lay a skeleton of unusually large proportions, nearly 5 meters long.
00:55:29Next to the skeleton lay metallic objects, heavily distorted by corrosion.
00:55:35But one object caught the scientists' attention.
00:55:38A stone slab carved with a star chart and directions that didn't match any known star systems.
00:55:43According to Edwin, the slab is not merely an artifact, but a navigational tool or part of an ancient astronomical
00:55:50device.
00:55:52Interestingly, tests revealed that the slab's material contains rare earth elements uncharacteristic of the region where the cave was found.
00:56:00This sparked speculation about a possible extraterrestrial origin of both the slab itself and the creature whose remains lay nearby.
00:56:07Further study of the stone slab revealed that the cartographic markings on it could have been used for navigation in
00:56:14deep space,
00:56:15suggesting that the creature might have been a pilot or an explorer from a distant star system.
00:56:20Scientists theorized that the creature's death could have resulted from the crash of its ship,
00:56:25parts of which may have been scattered across the desert and buried under layers of sand over the centuries.
00:56:30This discovery became little known due to political and scientific disputes over the origin and significance of the discovered artifacts.
00:56:38However, it continues to spark debate among scientists and adventurers, striving to uncover the secrets of ancient civilizations.
00:56:46Scientists have cooked a mammoth meatball.
00:56:49Vau, a company specializing in cultured meat, has recreated a prehistoric meatball using mammoth meat.
00:56:56The meat was produced using available DNA from an elephant, the mammoth's closest living relative.
00:57:02In the end, the meat was grown from 20 billion cells and turned into mince.
00:57:07It's a unique product created from the cells of non-traditional species.
00:57:12Although scientists believe the meat could be tasty, they are afraid to eat it, fearing the ancient protein might be
00:57:17deadly.
00:57:19The mammoth meat cultivation project took a couple of weeks.
00:57:22The Vau company originally planned to recreate dodo meat, but couldn't find a suitable DNA sequence.
00:57:28The company's main goal is to demonstrate the potential of biotechnology and cultivated meat as an alternative to animal slaughter.
00:57:36According to the company, large-scale animal slaughter is one of the causes of global warming.
00:57:41The environmental impact of cultivated meat production will be significantly lower than traditional meat production.
00:57:48Growing artificial meat uses 7% less.
00:57:53Some companies, such as Good Meat and Upside Foods, have already been approved in the US.
00:57:59Good Meat's cultivated chicken is also sold in stores in Singapore.
00:58:03The agonizing death of the screaming woman.
00:58:07In 1935 near Luxor, Egypt, a mysterious mummy was found.
00:58:11Named the screaming woman because of her horrifying facial expression with an open mouth.
00:58:17Scientists are convinced that the woman may have died in terrible pain, leading to a cadaveric spasm that froze her
00:58:23face in a scream.
00:58:24The mummy was discovered by an archaeological expedition from the Metropolitan Museum of New York in the tomb of Senenmoot,
00:58:31the chief architect of Queen Hatshepsut.
00:58:33A burial chamber for his mother and other relatives was also found in this tomb.
00:58:37Despite the rich burial, the identity of the screaming woman and the reasons for her expression remained a mystery for
00:58:43nearly 100 years.
00:58:44Archaeologists conducted detailed examinations of the mummy using CT scans and infrared imaging.
00:58:50A virtual autopsy revealed that the woman was about 48 years old, she was approximately 150 cm tall and suffered
00:58:57from mild arthritis.
00:58:58Surprisingly, her internal organs such as the brain, heart and lungs were intact, which did not align with the standard
00:59:05mummification practices of the New Kingdom era.
00:59:08Her burial included a black wig made of date palm fibers treated with minerals and two rings with jasper scarabs
00:59:14indicating her high social status.
00:59:17Dr. Salem suggested that her facial expression might have been the result of a cadaveric spasm,
00:59:23a rare condition where muscles actively used just before death freeze, pointing to possible agony or severe stress.
00:59:30The embalmers mummified her body before it began to decompose and relax, keeping her mouth open.
00:59:38Lakshmana Temple, India
00:59:40Among the ancient monuments of India, the Lakshmana Temple holds a special place, a majestic sanctuary built in the 10th
00:59:47century in the town of Kajuraho.
00:59:49Dedicated to the god Vishnu, this temple stands as a striking example of North Indian temple architecture.
00:59:56The exterior of the temple impresses with its elegance and detail.
01:00:00The facade's relief carvings depict various episodes from Hindu mythology and portray the lives of people from that era.
01:00:07Erotic sculptures attract particular attention, being considered a symbol of spiritual union and love.
01:00:13The temple's inner courtyard is decorated with stone-carved pillars, each unique in its design.
01:00:18The temple's sanctuary houses a statue of Vishnu, showcasing his various avatars.
01:00:24The Lakshmana Temple is not merely an architectural marvel, but also an important testament to the religious, cultural and social
01:00:30life of ancient India.
01:00:32Returning to this place, we immerse ourselves in the mysterious world of the past, full of deep philosophical and cultural
01:00:39knowledge.
01:00:39Tombs of elite lords, in the Peruvian Andean highlands, in the province of Vilcas Huaman, Ayacucho region, archaeologists have discovered
01:00:49seven ancient tombs, belonging to the upper classes.
01:00:52According to researchers, the age of the human remains in the tombs is nearly 2,900 years old.
01:00:58This period predates the Huari or Huari culture, which flourished in the Andes and coastal regions of present-day Peru
01:01:04from about 500 to 1000 AD.
01:01:08The discovered burials belong to prominent figures known as the lords of Vilcas Huaman.
01:01:13At the excavation site, archaeologists discovered three mounts surrounded by terraces with stone walls and numerous ceramic fragments.
01:01:21Beneath a circular structure, scientists discovered several pits covered with slabs, which contained human remains.
01:01:27Vessels were found alongside the bodies as offerings.
01:01:30During the excavation process, archaeologists uncovered numerous funerary items, including metal needles, rings and gold feathers.
01:01:38These findings indicate that the burials belonged to the elite class.
01:01:41A figurine of Hecate
01:01:44In a mysterious corner of Turkey, in the city of Kelenderes, archaeologists have made an incredible discovery.
01:01:50Beneath layers of earth, a three-headed statue of the goddess Hecate lay hidden, and beside it ancient ceramics, like
01:01:57pages from a lost diary of bygone eras.
01:02:00Since 1987, researchers have been trying to unravel the secrets of Kelenderes, and it seems that this year they succeeded.
01:02:06The expedition's main treasure is a unique statue of Hecate.
01:02:10These three-headed figurines were placed at crossroads, serving as boundary markers.
01:02:15Hecate is a true mystery of antiquity, the goddess of magic, ruler of the night, and patron of crossroads.
01:02:21Dr. Aydin, who leads this expedition, emphasized the deep connection between Kelenderes and another ancient city, Lagina.
01:02:29The name of Jesus Christ
01:02:31While examining the remains of a man from Sudan, scientists from the University of Warsaw discovered a religious tattoo with
01:02:39a Christian symbol.
01:02:40These remains were found near the Ghazali monastery, which dates back to the Middle Ages.
01:02:45On the leg of the deceased, who passed away about 1,300 years ago, a tattoo was discovered, depicting the
01:02:51Chiro, a monogram of the name of Jesus Christ, formed from the Greek letters Ki and Rho.
01:02:56In addition, the Alpha and Omega symbols were depicted nearby.
01:02:59Such a symbol first appeared in 324 A.D. during the reign of Emperor Constantine.
01:03:05Alpha and Omega are the first and last letters of the Greek alphabet, symbolizing the idea of God as the
01:03:10beginning and the end of all things.
01:03:12The location of the tattoo on the right leg is an interesting fact, as that is precisely where, according to
01:03:17scientists, a nail could have been driven during the crucifixion of Christ.
01:03:21This religious marking indicates the man's Christian faith.
01:03:25However, it has not been determined whether he was a monk from the Ghazali monastery, as his remains were found
01:03:30in an adjacent cemetery intended for local residents.
01:03:33According to the analysis, he was between 35 and 50 years old at the time of death.
01:03:38Back then, this region known as Nubia included parts of modern-day Egypt and Sudan, and Christianity was the dominant
01:03:44religion.
01:03:45Even though the remains were discovered seven years ago, the unique tattoo was only uncovered recently, marking just the second
01:03:52known instance of a tattoo in medieval Nubia.
01:03:57Medieval astronaut.
01:03:58In 1993, European and American magazines broke a sensational story.
01:04:04Among the stone carvings of the cathedral in Salamanca, Spain, a depiction of an astronaut was discovered.
01:04:11Construction of the cathedral began in 1513 and was completed in 1733.
01:04:17Journalists and readers actively debated how people in the 18th century could have known about spacesuits.
01:04:23Theories ranged widely from the artist's foresight to visits by aliens.
01:04:28However, enthusiasts were in for a surprise.
01:04:30The astronaut figure turned out to be an ordinary prank.
01:04:33Among European stonemasons, there is a tradition of adding new details during building restorations.
01:04:39In 1992, during the restoration of the cathedral, a stonemason named Jeronimo Garcia, with the unofficial permission of the church
01:04:47leadership, added several new figures to the facade, including the astronaut.
01:04:51This tradition brings historic buildings to life and adds a contemporary touch to them.
01:04:56The case in Salamanca reminds us that the past and the present can be remarkably intertwined, and restorers often leave
01:05:03their mark for future generations.
01:05:05The Tunnel Beneath the Sphinx
01:05:08We set out in search of the lost library of the ages, the Hall of Records, which is believed to
01:05:14be hidden directly beneath the Great Sphinx in Egypt.
01:05:16American psychic Edgar Cayce and other mystery enthusiasts are convinced of its existence.
01:05:22In the labyrinth beneath the Sphinx's paws, inside the enigmatic Hall of Records, lies hidden knowledge of astronomy, alchemy, medicine,
01:05:30and even magic.
01:05:31Researchers are still not sure whether it's real or not.
01:05:34The secrets of the pharaohs, encoded in the hieroglyphs of Teti's pyramid, indicate that knowledge was indeed passed from hand
01:05:40to hand.
01:05:41They were like gifts to future generations.
01:05:43But where is that very library, where all this knowledge is stored?
01:05:47Edgar Cayce, during his trances, spoke of the Hall of Records, where the knowledge of ancient cultures lies hidden.
01:05:54He claimed that the passage to the Hall begins at the Sphinx's right front pole, but it has never been
01:05:59found.
01:06:01The Calganta Disc, an object called the Calganta Disc, kept in the Rafael Larco Herrera Archaeological Museum in Peru's capital,
01:06:10Lima, may be evidence that people in ancient times knew what the arms of the galaxy looked like.
01:06:15This artifact, believed to have been created around 2000 years ago, looks like a spiral galaxy.
01:06:22But here's the catch. The number of arms on this disc doesn't match the number of arms in our galaxy.
01:06:29If we assume that the disc actually depicts a galaxy, it calls into question many things we thought we knew
01:06:35about ancient civilizations.
01:06:38At the same time, the Calganta Disc remains an enigmatic artifact, raising more questions than it answers.
01:06:46A unicorn horn. Let me introduce you to the life of a medieval unicorn.
01:06:51Even though it's a mythical creature, it faced humanity's cruel treatment.
01:06:56People hunted unicorns for their magical horns, which were believed to possess unique properties, such as the ability to purify
01:07:04water and neutralize poison in food.
01:07:06Unicorns were believed to exist according to the accounts of many ancient scholars, including Aristotle and Cetillas, as well as
01:07:14great minds like Leonardo da Vinci.
01:07:16In the Middle Ages, unicorns symbolized purity and wisdom. Their horns became a symbol of prosperity and could serve as
01:07:23an indicator of poisoned food among the aristocracy.
01:07:25But how do you find a unicorn horn in a world where these creatures don't exist?
01:07:31This question was answered by using the horns and tusks of other animals, such as rhinos or walruses.
01:07:37However, the tusks of narwhals became the most popular.
01:07:41Arctic animals whose spiral tusks were mistaken for unicorn horns for centuries.
01:07:45Travelers and hunters secretly acquired these horns and sold them to Europeans as the horns of mythical creatures.
01:07:51Thus, merchants and great rulers like Lorenzo de' Medici and Queen Elizabeth I paid enormous sums for these tusks, believing
01:07:59them to be symbols of power and protection.
01:08:01Even the grand inquisitor Tomas de Torquemada never traveled without a piece of such a horn, believing it could save
01:08:07his life from heretics.
01:08:09With the development of science and the progress of research methods, the belief in the miraculous properties of unicorn horns
01:08:15faded.
01:08:16And now they remain merely museum exhibits, a reminder of how legend and reality intertwined in the history of mankind.
01:08:24The Golden Tomb in Armenia
01:08:27The archaeological find of the Golden Tomb in Mezzamor, Armenia, is astonishing in its uniqueness.
01:08:33The tomb contained the remains of presumably a husband and wife, along with gold necklaces, beads, pendants and ceramic vessels.
01:08:41Amazingly, the tomb was not looted for centuries.
01:08:44Mezzamor is an ancient settlement in the Armenian highlands, where the oldest gold jewelry in Armenia was found.
01:08:50The necklaces date back to the reign of Rameses the Stico in Egypt, testifying to the cultural influence of that
01:08:56era.
01:08:57The death of the tomb's occupants remains a mystery, and scientists plan to conduct further research.
01:09:02Archaeologists will continue working in Mezzamor to find more artifacts and uncover the secrets of the ancient city and its
01:09:08inhabitants.
01:09:08It is possible that the couple's death was related to religious or ritual customs.
01:09:13Research and preservation of archaeological finds help us understand our history and shed light on our ancestors' customs.
01:09:18This is essential for preserving the world's cultural heritage.
01:09:22Overall, the discovery of the Golden Tomb in Mezzamor is of great significance to archaeology and history.
01:09:29The discovered jewelry and artifacts testify to the craftsmanship and cultural diversity of that era.
01:09:34Further research may help unravel the mystery behind the couple's death and reveal more secrets about the ancient city and
01:09:40its inhabitants.
01:09:41Shiva Lingam, in the town of Circe, India, Laisa Hasralinga, a unique pilgrimage site.
01:09:49Here, amidst the natural beauty, are stone carvings of Shiva Lingam that inspire awe with their appearance, especially during the
01:09:56Maha Shivaratri festival.
01:09:58At this time, the water level in the river drops, making sculptures visible and attracting thousands of pilgrims and tourists
01:10:04wishing to see and worship the sacred Lingams.
01:10:07The Shiva Lingam is a symbol of Shiva, one of the principal deities in Hinduism, representing the source of creation
01:10:13and destruction.
01:10:15Interestingly, there are not only religious but also scientific debates surrounding the Shiva Lingam.
01:10:21Some ancient astronaut theorists claim that the Shiva Lingam could be a powerful technological device, functionally similar to a modern
01:10:28nuclear reactor.
01:10:30Based on the shape and properties of the Lingam, they suggest that ancient humans might have used advanced technologies.
01:10:37On the other hand, modern scientists might interpret the Shiva Lingam as a symbol of atomic energy, which also holds
01:10:44the potential for both immense benefit and destruction.
01:10:47This analogy highlights the dual nature of Shiva, who in the Hindu tradition is both the creator and the destroyer.
01:10:56They spotted an iPhone in the painting. What researchers uncovered next raises a lot of questions.
01:11:03I will tell you about a mysterious 19th century painting that, if the rumors are to be believed, depicts an
01:11:09iPhone.
01:11:10The painting is called The Betrothal of Burns and Mary.
01:11:13It depicts the famous Scottish poet Robert Burns and his beloved Mary Campbell.
01:11:19And here's what's interesting. In the hands of both figures, you can notice a strange dark rectangle with rounded corners.
01:11:25That's exactly what sparked a wave of discussions on the internet.
01:11:29After all, the shape and size of this object look very similar to one of the first iPhones.
01:11:33But here's the catch, folks. The painting was created in 1882, which is 125 years before the first iPhone came
01:11:40out.
01:11:42Now, art lovers all over the world are trying to unravel this mystery.
01:11:46Many are suggesting that it could be time travel.
01:11:49Others argue that it might just be a prayer book, which people often carried around with them back then.
01:11:54Either way, we know one thing. People's love for mysteries and secrets never fades.
01:11:59And this isn't the first painting where a smartphone was spotted.
01:12:01Take, for example, the painting Mr. Pynchon and the Settling of Springfield, painted by Umberto Romano in 1937, an object
01:12:11resembling a cell phone also appeared there.
01:12:14But what it really is, a mirror, a knife, a prayer book, or actually a smartphone, is still not known
01:12:20for sure.
01:12:21Either way, it leaves room for your own guesses and imagination.
01:12:24Let me know what you think in the comments.
01:12:27An ancient Roman sarcophagus used as a table.
01:12:30A tourist accidentally found the ancient Roman sarcophagus on a beach in Bulgaria dating back to the 2nd or 3rd
01:12:36century AD.
01:12:37The discovery was made on a beach near the Saints Constantine and Helena resort, 8 kilometers from Varna.
01:12:43The sarcophagus is decorated with reliefs featuring garlands and animal heads typical of the Roman era.
01:12:48The Varna Archaeological Museum and the Ministry of Culture immediately began studying the find.
01:12:54Preliminary data indicates that the sarcophagus had been used as a table in recent times.
01:12:59A modern marble lid and traces of facade paint confirmed this.
01:13:03The sarcophagus, measuring 90 by 235 by 75 centimeters, was found near a gated complex.
01:13:10They are now stripping away the paint to reveal the original coloring and the techniques used in its creation.
01:13:17Restorer Malin Marinov from the Varna Historical Museum hopes to confirm the artifact's authenticity.
01:13:23A detailed analysis will help determine whether this is a genuine Roman relic or a modern imitation.
01:13:31Pickled Mummy
01:13:32Researchers discovered that a tiny fetus had been preserved for more than 2,000 years inside the mummy known as
01:13:38the Mysterious Lady.
01:13:41Their discovery is based on CT scan data and was published in the journal Archaeological Science.
01:13:47The mysterious lady is not just any mummy, she was pregnant at the time of her death and was part
01:13:52of the community of Thebes.
01:13:53Her age at the time of death is estimated between 20 and 30 years old and the fetus was between
01:13:5926 and 30 weeks.
01:14:02And this is the only known case of an inbound pregnant mummy.
01:14:06Surprisingly, until last summer, no one knew about the fetus in her womb.
01:14:11Previous studies conducted with x-rays didn't detect it because its bones were poorly mineralized.
01:14:17It turned out the mysterious lady didn't die in childbirth.
01:14:21Her body was treated with Natron, it's a type of salt that dries out the body and acts as a
01:14:26disinfectant.
01:14:28And the fetus was left untouched by those who mummified the body, which allowed the womb to remain in perfect
01:14:34condition.
01:14:35Because of this, researchers discovered that the blood in the fetus became more acidic as levels of ammonia and formic
01:14:41acid increased, leading to the mineralization of the bones.
01:14:44And since the womb remained hermetically sealed, the fetus was essentially pickled, being preserved for more than 2,000 years.
01:14:51However, the question remains, why did the embalmers leave the fetus in the body, when all the other organs had
01:14:58been removed?
01:15:00Discovery of the world's oldest nuclear reactor.
01:15:04Funnily enough, the first human-made reactor to generate electricity was only built in 1951,
01:15:11yet a rock mass in Oklo, Gabon, was already producing nuclear energy 2 billion years ago.
01:15:18The discovery story began in 1972, when French scientists took a sample of uranium ore from a deposit in Gabon
01:15:25to test its uranium composition.
01:15:27And here, scientists were surprised to discover that the uranium sample contained less uranium-235 than usual.
01:15:34This meant that somewhere in the mine, about 441 pounds of uranium-235 had disappeared.
01:15:41As it turned out, the missing uranium had undergone nuclear fission and split into other atoms.
01:15:46It turns out that nature had accidentally created a nuclear reactor operating under the very specific conditions required for sustained
01:15:54energy release.
01:15:55And that really happened.
01:15:57First, there was enough uranium-235 in the ore to sustain the reaction.
01:16:02Second, uranium-235 decays naturally, releasing a neutron that initiates the fission process.
01:16:09And finally, at the reactor site, there was enough groundwater to slow down the neutrons and moderate the reaction.
01:16:17The Tomb of Tutankhamun
01:16:20Discovered in 1922 by Howard Carter, the tomb of Tutankhamun amazed the entire world with its lavish artifacts and intricate
01:16:27ritual architecture.
01:16:29Its discovery transformed all of archaeology and became a part of Egypt's national identity.
01:16:34What makes Tutankhamun, a boy-king who ruled for less than 10 years, so special?
01:16:40The main thing is the circumstances of its discovery.
01:16:43His tomb was hidden under 150,000 tons of rock in a rocky gorge known as the Valley of the
01:16:48Kings.
01:16:48Many thought that all the tombs there had already been found and plundered, and Tutankhamun himself was a little-known
01:16:55pharaoh.
01:16:56But one inconspicuous spot turned out to be a real surprise.
01:17:00That was exactly where the tomb of Tutankhamun was found.
01:17:03In the first room opened by the archaeologists, the valuable items were stacked haphazardly, as if after a hasty restoration.
01:17:09But even such a chaotic arrangement couldn't overshadow their magnificence.
01:17:14Wonderful! The archaeologists exclaimed, peeking inside for the first time.
01:17:17Strange animals. Statues and gold. The glitter of gold everywhere.
01:17:22Ever since the discovery, Tutankhamun has become the symbol of Egypt.
01:17:26Now, more than 5,000 treasures from his tomb formed the main exhibition at the new Grand Egyptian Museum.
01:17:31And although his reign was brief, he achieved worldwide fame thanks to the incredible and complete preservation of his tomb.
01:17:38Even before the tomb was opened, Carter experienced a seemingly unremarkable incident.
01:17:43The thing is, during the excavations, Carter was accompanied by a pet, a little canary.
01:17:48And then one day, a cobra slithered into the scientist's dwelling and ate the bird.
01:17:52The archaeologist himself didn't attach any significance to this.
01:17:55His servants, however, who were local residents, took it as an omen of impending disaster.
01:18:01The cobra is one of the symbols of the Egyptian pharaohs.
01:18:05Roman swords in Israel.
01:18:07In the ancient caves near the Dead Sea, where the arid climate preserved the secrets of past centuries,
01:18:13researchers from Israel made an astounding discovery.
01:18:16In the depths of these caves they discovered four Roman swords.
01:18:19Remarkably, three of them were still in their original wooden scabbards.
01:18:22The impetus for the expedition was an ancient Hebrew inscription on a stalactite discovered half a century ago.
01:18:29This inscription pointed to the possible presence of ancient artifacts or items of cultic significance.
01:18:36According to experts from the Israel Antiquities Authority, Jewish rebels may have seized these swords from Roman legionaries
01:18:431,900 years ago and hid them for future use in the fight against the occupiers.
01:18:49The despata swords that were found were indeed the primary weapon of Roman soldiers of that time.
01:18:54They had long, straight blades and were double-edged.
01:18:57The fourth sword with a ring pommel probably belonged to a pilum, an ancient Roman javelin.
01:19:02These swords are not just weapons, they are a testament to an era, a bridge between the past and the
01:19:08present.
01:19:09Such finds are quite rare, as iron is prone to corrosion.
01:19:12But thanks to the unique conditions in this region, the historical artifacts have remained intact for centuries.
01:19:19A MONUMENTAL STRUCTURE FROM BIBLICAL STORIES
01:19:24Archaeologists have discovered an ancient moat in Jerusalem mentioned in the Bible.
01:19:28Located in the city of David, the structure is over 3,000 years old.
01:19:32For a long time scientists have been looking for evidence that the city was divided into two parts, as described
01:19:37in the Holy Scriptures.
01:19:38And now they have found a moat that separated the Temple Mount from residential areas.
01:19:42The depth of the moat is about 9 meters and the width is 30 meters.
01:19:47Experts believe that the moat was created in the Iron Age, which corresponds to the times described in the Book
01:19:52of Kings and the Book of Samuel.
01:19:54The first Book of Kings states that Solomon reinforced the Melo and closed the breach in the wall of the
01:19:58city of David.
01:19:59King David founded the city in order to unite Israel around a single capital.
01:20:04Historians believe the moat was used during the era when Jerusalem was the capital of the Kingdom of Judah, starting
01:20:09from the reign of King Josiah.
01:20:11The moat separated the southern residential areas from the upper city in the north, where the palace and temple were
01:20:16located.
01:20:17To serve both a defensive and dividing function, emphasizing the power of Jerusalem's ruler and his ability to defend the
01:20:23city.
01:20:24These discoveries corroborate biblical texts.
01:20:27I'm glad you watched this video all the way to the end. I hope you enjoyed it. Thanks for watching.
01:20:31Bye everyone!
01:20:32Bye everyone!
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