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00:04Welcome to Algeria, lying on the southern shores of the Mediterranean Sea.
00:10It's the largest country in the continent, a land of rich history, ancient civilizations and spectacular scenery.
00:20Ranging from rugged mountains, lakes and forests,
00:23fertile valleys ripe with olive groves, tropical fruits and date palms.
00:30And in the south, Algeria boasts the largest desert in the world, the Sahara, home of the nomadic Tuareg.
00:39This is a proud nation with a diverse population, made up of Berber tribes and their unique customs and traditions.
00:50Born after a war with France in the early 60s, Algeria's rise, fueled by oil riches, has been a long
00:57and tempestuous one.
00:59It's a relatively new country, but that also makes it an undiscovered gem in the world of travel.
01:06In this series, we engage with guides and experts as we explore hidden Algeria.
01:19Algeria is located on the North African coast along the shores of the Mediterranean Sea,
01:24in a region commonly known as the Maghreb, bordered by Morocco on the west, Mauritania and Mali on the southwest,
01:32Niger to the southeast and Tunisia and Libya to the east.
01:35In this episode, we explore the undiscovered cities and ruins of its historic hinterland.
01:51The Mediterranean Sea, highway of the Phoenicians and Romans from 800 BC to the 4th century AD.
02:00They use the North African coast as a staging post for their expansive trade.
02:05Not surprising then that Algeria's first cities sprang up as ports along its gorgeous coastline.
02:13Our Algerian coastal tour starts in ancient Tipaza, en route to Spanish-influenced Oran.
02:21Leaving Oran, we drive to the agricultural foothills of the Shalif Valley to Clemson, Algeria's ancient royal capital.
02:30We head east into the Ores Mountains, the land of the Kabyl and the settlement of Timgad.
02:36We end our journey back on the coast in the Numidian capital of Serta, modern-day Constantine.
02:48The coastal hills surrounding Mount Chinua are lush, a region ripe with vineyards.
02:55In the mountain's shadow lies Tipaza, an ancient Phoenician harbour that grew into a Roman colony under Claudius in 43
03:04BC.
03:08Among the ruins you can still find the remains of theatres, villas and Christian basilicas.
03:15It was here in the 3rd century that Christianity entered Africa.
03:20The Romans took over a hundred years and three Punic Wars against Carthage
03:25to establish their concept of civilisation along this stretch of the Maghreb.
03:31Rome originally was involved in a major power struggle with Carthage, situated in modern Tunisia, in the late Roman Republic.
03:41This was a struggle to the death between the growing Roman Republic and Carthage.
03:47There were three major wars. The last one resulted in the defeat and the sacking of Carthage in 146 BC.
03:57Afterwards then there was an impetus for Roman colonisation of North Africa.
04:02And the Romans occupied the old Punic part of North Africa and gradually started to move westwards into Numidia or
04:12eastern Algeria,
04:14and then right across through to Morocco.
04:16That process was a gradual and careful one because there was a pre-existing kingdom in this area,
04:24a Numidian kingdom with significant architecture.
04:30The most impressive example is this striking royal tomb that erupts from the ground like a giant molehill
04:38just a few minutes' drive from Tipasa. The site is a magnet for tourists.
04:44This royal mausoleum of Mauritanian kings is the resting place of the Numidian ruler Juba II and his wife Selene.
04:54Selene was the product of that most passionate love affair between Cleopatra and Mark Antony.
05:01To the casual observer, the tomb looks like a pyramid placed on top of a Greek or Roman coliseum.
05:09What you see in Numidian architecture and Numidian funerary architecture is a fusion of ideas from throughout the Mediterranean.
05:17We see Greek, Hellenistic, Egyptian, as well as local inspiration.
05:24This is not some simple copying of bits and pieces, but an integrated view of architecture and art that is
05:34specifically North African.
05:36And so you see in those royal tombs elements of architecture that have been adapted from elsewhere throughout the Mediterranean
05:44world,
05:45but fused together in a form that is specifically and uniquely Numidian and North African.
05:54The Ottomans, who ruled Algeria in the 16th century, called this royal resting place the tomb of the Christian,
06:02as there's a cross panel that adorns its entrance.
06:05They ordered its destruction, but when their workmen were killed by a swarm of bees, the mausoleum was thought to
06:12be cursed.
06:14And so here it still stands, a playground for families on their weekend outings.
06:23Our first stop from Tipaza is Oran.
06:28To get there, it's a four-hour car drive along the A1 highway.
06:35Oran, pronounced Hwaran, is Algeria's closest point to Europe.
06:39It's always flourished as a busy port, and it still services cargo ships and ferries making regular runs to Casablanca
06:47and Marseille.
06:51In the 19th century, it was a favourite destination for hundreds and thousands of French immigrants,
06:57fleeing poverty in France and settling here.
07:01Over the course of the next hundred years, the descendants of these migrants became known as Pied Noir.
07:07Although born in Algeria, they felt French, and over time became the rulers of Algeria.
07:13The French influence in Oran remains to this day.
07:19Oran's architecture also reflects its multicultural past.
07:24For Oran has an historic Spanish influence too.
07:29A bullring still dominates Oran's old Spanish neighbourhood.
07:33Among the first settlers here were Andalusian merchants, who plied their trade as far back as the 9th century.
07:44Today, Oran prides itself as a holiday destination, with tourist hotels fronting sandy beaches.
07:51They run along a one-mile coastal stretch of resorts called Les Andalus.
07:57Among the few foreign visitors here are some descendants of Pied Noir.
08:02I came from Paris.
08:05I was born in Algeria because I wanted to know the Algeria for a long time.
08:12Because I have an origin of Pied Noir.
08:17And I wanted to know more about where I grew up with my grandparents.
08:22This is the journey of my 30 years old.
08:24So I wanted to do a journey that has a lot of sense.
08:27And the fact of traveling in Algeria, which is trying to be free, etc.,
08:30has a lot of sense for us to do it.
08:33Because each one has a different attachment to Algeria.
08:36So it's important for us to do it, this journey.
08:43We found a local guide, Zaki, to show us around and give us a few insider tips on the city.
08:53Hello everyone, I'm Zaki, I'm 28 years old.
08:56I work in advertising and I live in Aorong.
08:58Here you are at home.
09:00I wake up every morning, watching the mountain Marjajou and the whole city.
09:06The sea.
09:08Today, I'm going to show you my Aorong.
09:10Let's go.
09:15What a beautiful day.
09:17In Aorong, it's always beautiful.
09:36Aorong has a multicultural and cosmopolitan feel, and that's because it has always been a colonial city.
09:44Spanish and French settlers especially put their stamp on the streets and buildings.
09:50One Frenchman who was born in these streets grew up to become one of the greatest fashion designers of the
09:5620th century.
10:11It was in this house that Yves Saint Laurent was born in Aorong.
10:23It was in this house that Yves Saint Laurent was born in Aorong.
10:271936, and he grew up in this district of the city.
10:33As a designer, he was heavily influenced by the colours and vibrancy of North African clothes and their features.
10:39Fashion expert Amour Gouéil explains.
10:45Algeria is a country that has an extraordinary clothing culture.
10:55It has a wonderful knowledge.
10:59And all these elements have been inspired by Mr. Yves Saint Laurent during his creations.
11:08We see the presence and influence of the Berber in his clothes.
11:12The Sahara.
11:14The trip to Africa.
11:18The colour woman.
11:20He was inspired a lot.
11:23Saki chats to one of the locals about the famous fashion designer.
11:28He married him with my mother.
11:30He used to serve my mother.
11:33When we were the old people in the church,
11:36He was born at the ontology.
11:38He gave a word for the story.
11:42Every five or six years,
11:44The second empire at Sesame Street comes with his heart.
11:46The first empire of the turban is born.
11:49With his cane.
11:50I'm crying.
11:52He came here often, even later after leaving the Algérie.
11:55He came here often to take news from his old friends and friends.
12:03His next tram stop is the city centre and its main square, the old Place d'Arm.
12:11Here we are at the Place 1er Novembre, the biggest place d'Arm.
12:15Today it is called the Place 1er Novembre, in commemorating the 1er November 1954,
12:20the date of the release of the Algerian Revolution.
12:22But before it was called the Place d'Arm.
12:24On the top there is a statue made by the French,
12:27at the time of the French colonization, which represents a victory.
12:30And on the bottom there is our victory, the Emirate Abdelkader.
12:36Abdelkader is Algeria's first nationalist hero.
12:39He held out against the French forces in western Algeria in the 1870s.
12:44His resistance paved the way for the independence movement in the 20th century.
12:52The Opera House was built in 1908
12:54and remains a hallmark of the French colonial architecture.
13:03Zerky is feeling a little bit peckish,
13:05so he decides to head into the Medina Judida market in the old part of town to get something to
13:10eat.
13:11Be happy!
13:18My name is Ahmed Ware.
13:27Can you hear this?
13:32It is a chicken butl style.
13:36We call it at the East island.
13:36It has a lot of food in the West to eat,
13:38so it is a spicy meat.
13:39So it is tasty.
13:40It makes you drink moins of a wine!
13:54This imposing building is the Sacré-Cœur Cathedral, built in 1913, but it was the work of the Dominican
14:07Bishop Pierre Claverie, who transformed the layout of this immense church into something
14:14more than a local parish. He turned it into a massive public library.
14:21Bishop Claverie believed that overhauling his own cathedral into an open library would contribute
14:27to the national task of educating a growing young society, and that it would enhance friendships
14:33between Muslims and Christians, and heal some of the old wounds left over by the War of Independence.
14:45Much of Iran's history has been forged by the 265-year-old war between two of its occupying powers,
14:53the Ottoman Empire and the Spanish Habsburg Empire. Both vied for control of this Mediterranean trading outpost.
15:01Their legacies are found everywhere in Oran, like these Turkish baths.
15:07The Turkish baths were built in the port of Sybil Huay.
15:14This room served as a room for waiting room to access to the bath, and I will see some information
15:18on it.
15:19According to the guide of Oran…
15:21We are in the Baal Turku, in the village of Sybil Huay.
15:26This room used as a room for waiting room to access to the bath, and I think I will have
15:30some information on it.
15:33According to the guide of Oran…
15:34The Turkish baths were built by the Bay of Oran in 1708, and it served as an annex to the
15:43mosque in this quarter.
15:49The Ottoman palace on the Rue Mefter Kouider is definitely worth a visit, despite needing extensive restorations.
16:00We are in the Palais du Bay. This space is the symbol of the Ottoman Ottoman period.
16:06Built in 1792 by the governor Mohamed El Kabir, it gives a wondrous glimpse into the fastidious world of the
16:1417th century Ottoman governor.
16:16He was titled The Bay, and this is commonly known as The Bay's Palace.
16:21The palais is built on the Spanish fortress, on a hill that dominates the whole city.
16:28And there are three compartments.
16:32The Diwan.
16:34The Harem.
16:36And the Pavillon of the Favorites.
16:40For this space, there are two stories.
16:42The first story is about Mohamed El Bay Kibir, the Bay d'Oran, who was a Sufi, and who used
16:48this room as a prayer, meditation and isolation.
16:52The second story is about the Pavillon of the Favorites.
16:56That is, among all the women of the Bay, Mohamed El Kabir, his favorite lived in this room.
17:15It's very, very calm here.
17:17If you could see it, the Bay had an incredible view on the whole city.
17:21And it was his way of espioning people and seeing what they do.
17:26The Bay's Palace overlooks the old Spanish Quarter, with its Castilian-style streets and its pretty and evocative Spanish bars.
17:35The first Spanish immigrants were Andalusian merchants, who arrived here in the 10th century.
17:42They settled in this barrio.
17:47Our guide is Rashid Mahaji, who is of Spanish heritage.
17:53We are in the bar of Santa Cruz, which is my favorite bar, my cafeteria.
17:58I always come here, which is a very popular environment.
18:01And it's also a bar of mariners.
18:04I always come here to drink a coffee.
18:06No problem.
18:08To have a simple coffee.
18:16My name is Rashid Mahaji.
18:19I was born here, in this neighborhood, in this area.
18:22And it's the Spanish part, let's say, of the city of Orán.
18:26And I speak Spanish as a natural.
18:29For me, it's my second language.
18:30I speak Spanish as an Arabic.
18:33Here, all are argelians, but it's like a Spanish culture.
18:38It's a mix, for me, it's a mix.
18:40It's a mix between the north of Africa and the coast of Spain.
18:47Spanish immigrants, who arrived here in the middle of the 19th century,
18:51were often unemployed laborers who had lost their jobs
18:54with the mechanization of the Industrial Revolution.
18:59Guy Bonifacio is a descendant of Spanish Pied Noir,
19:03whose grandparents settled in Orán in the 1860s.
19:07His family has remained here ever since.
19:11My father was a musician.
19:14He was a violinist.
19:17He was a violinist.
19:23He was a professional musician.
19:25My mother was pianist.
19:27She played in the silent cinema.
19:33He was a violinist.
19:34He was a violinist.
19:41The two is a violinist.
19:46She wasn't really adjusting for sa clock.
19:48They needed toAmerican.
19:52They were Levely으로.
19:53He was an admits thing.
19:54You could definitely get to the AIR from움 stop.
19:55My father was a violinist.
19:57It was a violinist.
19:59But he had a job that he had learned in school.
20:05It was to manufacture, from metal, and to manufacture cars and motorcycles.
20:12There was an address, they were fishermen.
20:18The port was Spanish.
20:23The environment of Oran at least offered a semblance of familiarity to the expats Spaniards.
20:31Maravillas Puertas moved to Oran because the city reminded her of home.
20:38I'm Maravillas, I'm a Spanish professor.
20:41We are currently in one of the places of Sid el Juari, a place.
20:47There are many in the whole barrio, more small, more recoletas.
20:52This is the Perla.
20:53Actualmente, there was a place of public baths that later later they covered.
20:58This explains the type of life that the Spanish exiliators had here.
21:05It was like the of Spain.
21:07Placetas, to reunirse, to drink tea for the night, to talk.
21:11The Perla, a very alive area with many children, many people, many markets.
21:18For the French, there were the angelians in the lower part.
21:22Then the Spanish, and then they were.
21:26Then they were.
21:27So, that explains the Spanish that lived in this humble village.
21:32Where the buildings are not of luxury, they are popular.
21:35And that's why they are a little more deteriorated than the French area.
21:44Algeria's most famous adopted son was the writer Albert Camus.
21:48Born of a Spanish mother and a French father, Camus grew up in Algiers.
21:53It was here in Oran, when he first worked as a school teacher,
21:57that he developed his existential philosophy,
22:00born out of the struggles of the natives in the face of colonial rule.
22:05He wrote one of his famous works, The Plague, here in Oran.
22:13The Spanish influence in Oran extends to the local cuisine.
22:17Let's return to our guide, Zaki.
22:27This is Spanish peasant food.
22:38It's always as good.
22:39Perfect.
22:41La canaltica, in fact, is a Spanish meal.
22:43The legend says that it was invented in Santa Cruz's fort,
22:46at the Spanish time.
22:48So, there was a lot of dishes in the military.
22:50There was a lot of dishes.
22:51The chef of the fort didn't have any quichiches.
22:55So, he invented this dish at the base of quichiches.
22:58And he made the military wait for hours and hours and hours.
23:04The legend said that the more the military didn't have to eat,
23:07the more they told them to wait because they were eating hot.
23:11So, they said Caliente, Caliente.
23:12And the name, at the base, was Caliente,
23:15which became Quintica Aor.
23:26Fort Santa Cruz, on the summit of Mount Mordago.
23:30It's 400 metres above the sea.
23:34an ottoman fort constructed in 1577 and modified by spain which took over oran nearly 30 years
23:42later and which they held for another 300 years and they grow all around the castle
23:48zaki meets restoration architect radia burbia so there's an old saying about oran stating that
23:56the spanish extend mountains of gold for mountains of rocks they were really determined to take over
24:02oran and they built a whole system of fortifications for example this one it's shaped like a star yeah
24:10i can see that yeah it has pointy ends to prevent direct hits of canals and this castle looks over
24:16other castles underneath
24:24zaki inspects the defenses a porkcullis with loopholes above it from where hot burning oil would be poured
24:31on the invading ottomans there are also subterranean tunnels linking the fort to other forts in the city
24:41zaki also looks at the rainwater storage system reaching down to a reservoir which allowed the
24:48soldiers to survive inside the fort for months during an ottoman siege the officer's garrison
24:54was high up in the main castle visit it today and enjoy the great views down to the city it's
25:01the
25:01perfect place to keep an eye on an approaching enemy
25:12the solar se couche c'est déjà la fin de notre journée j'espère que vous avez aimé ce que
25:16vous avez
25:16vu tout cas j'ai essayé de vous montrer un petit bout de ce qui est mon oran si vous
25:21voulez voir en entier
25:22il faut venir ici croyez moi ça en vaut le détour salam ah il reste une dernière chose à faire
25:29vous
25:30pouvez pas venir à oran sans goûter la midterranée
25:38our next destination is the ancient algerian capital of clemson it's a one-hour drive through the
25:46rolling hills of the coastal hinterland to get to this most historic of algerian cities
25:52it means spring in berber
25:56a busy agricultural town of medieval splendor capped by a 14th century moorish style mosque
26:04and minaret this was once a royal city and even today the locals speak in a different dialect than
26:12other berber tribes in algeria oh for all those algerians who don't speak this accent for him is very
26:22exciting it's very it's very symbolic symbolic accent when they hear the clemsonians speak it's a symbol of
26:34beauty of civilization of raffinity of clemson and the history of clemson
26:41clemson was once the most significant city in algeria
26:47clemson was the capital of uh the maghreb central maghreb i mean algeria because at that time
26:54uh algeria was called the central maghreb morocco is the maghreb and tunisia was afrika
27:00clemson was the capital of the country or the commerce between africa and europe passed through
27:08clemson it was like a transit as the commercial fulcrum of algeria clemson became a target for
27:16the competing islamic dynasties in north africa in the middle ages
27:21it was the zaynids who turned clemson into a sumptuous royal kingdom when the zaynids established
27:30their dynasty they built the castle or the palace of el meshwar
27:38el meshwar palace remains a gem of zaynid achievement
27:43the name literally means the place of meshwara
27:47translated as the place of advisory councils it was as much a complex building set within an
27:55impressively walled citadel where ministers gathered as it was the royal residence for
28:00the zaynid ruler jagmarassan who made this his home in the early 14th century
28:07the king's palace is at the heart of the citadel and it's most certainly worth a visit
28:16it was one of four and this one is the actual king's residence a fountain garden of paradise
28:23leading to the diwan the king's council and harim above
28:32it also has suites on either side assigned to the seasons of winter and summer
28:38the winter suite is built of stone and the summer one is constructed with marble to keep the rooms cool
28:47the building has an andalusian style of islamic architecture wrapped in quranic inscriptions
28:54largely restored from the foundations that have survived wars and uprisings
29:00original slabs can be seen in the stonework to reference the reconstruction
29:05most peculiar however are several long white tunnels one is the king's personal exit to the mosque
29:14but the other was his escape route when the city was besieged by the meronid enemy who descended on
29:21clemson at the end of the 13th century it was thought that the citadel was impregnable
29:28especially with its thick defensive walls which have survived the test of time
29:37at 1299 the maronid king abu yaqob al-mansor came here to dominate the city of clemson and he came
29:45here in this place which was out of the city and built a military camp to control the city and
29:53to
29:53attack of course to attack the city to dominate it this is el mansora the remains of yakub's military camp
30:02from which he hoped to conquer the walled city of clemson a minaret overlooks the enemy so soldiers
30:09could keep a lookout the minaret of al-mansor is a very particular one why because it was built very
30:17high it used to have 45 meters of height and it was built in purpose to have the chance for
30:25the king
30:25to watch all what is happening in the city the minaret of al-mansor had a very beautiful decoration and
30:38ornamentation different colored columns so that every color represents something which has a relationship
30:47with islam yakub was hoping for a swift victory but the siege became a long battle which required the
30:55building of this huge citadel after building these two edifices the mansora became a big city surrounded
31:04by a great wall and this great wall had 88 tower this was followed by a great mosque which once
31:15stood
31:16on this expansive courtyard and in the same way that a christian cathedral denotes the city
31:22so a mosque turns a citadel into a city too entering the mosque was rather unconventional
31:31the particularity of this minaret is that you can find the principal door of the mosque in the minaret
31:40in an ordinary mosque you can find the minaret and the door is apart so that the minaret is al
31:47-mansorah is
31:48at the same time the principal entry of the mosque it was a large city of course they built it
31:55to to
31:56live here in clemson in fact at that time we have two different cities the first one is al-mansorah
32:03surrounded by its wall and the second one is the original city of clemson is al-mashwar surrounded by
32:10a great wall until the city of agadir calling his citadel the victorious was a presumption for yakub
32:19massor could not blow the clemson wall down no matter how hard he tried he abandoned his mission in 1307
32:28the siege stayed for eight years trying and trying to enter the city of clemson to control or to
32:35dominate the city of clemson and they didn't succeed after eight years of trying they returned to their
32:43country to morocco we leave clemson and head across the ores mountains to eastern algeria where we explore
32:53roman tim gad in the province of batna this is one of the least developed areas of algeria consequently
33:08it has some of the most stunning scenery in the country it is not surprising that this region was
33:15once the domain of those berber kings of yore the numidians their tombs dominate the batna countryside
33:23this once powerful algerian realm existed almost two thousand years before french occupation ignited the
33:31fires of independence in the plains of batna along the foothills of the ores mountain range there's
33:40also a roman settlement so well preserved that it's called algeria's pompeii it is the city of tim gad
33:48and it's a must see for any intrepid traveler it's one of algeria's archaeological jewels
33:58tim gad was built by the great roman emperor trajan in 100 a.d as an encampment for his roman
34:05soldiers of
34:06the third augustan legion thereafter the area flourished because of the high productivity of
34:16these high plateaus for wheat production and the wheat of north africa and later its olive oil
34:23were major economic resources for the area the town is famously signposted by a great triumphal arch
34:34and every visitor to the settlement had to choose which god to please
34:39local archaeologist kader bensala knows this site well
34:43local archaeologist kader bensala
34:44so there are two important inscriptions that are still on place in situ where we have the inscription
34:50dedicated to the concordia and the other to the god mars so the god of war and it's like if
34:57somewhere on would say that if you want to come to this city with peace you will be the
35:03welcome but if you come with ideas bellicose you will have so that you will be waiting for
35:14Once inside the main carriageway, you can truly behold this breathtaking settlement
35:20on what is a supreme example of Roman urban planning.
35:25Timgad is a perfect square consisting of 111 blocks comprising of houses and public buildings.
35:34The town is bisected by two main streets set perpendicular to each other.
35:39This town was built according to a typical Roman plan,
35:43namely the main road which is the Decumanus Maximus and the Cardo Maximus
35:49which are the axes of the four points cardinals.
35:52The north and the south for the Cardo Maximus and the west for the Decumanus Maximus.
35:59The two roads are found at the Forum, which is the central place of the city
36:04and is the heart of the city where we have a judicial basilica, a curie and also the Capitole.
36:15The Forum was the centre of all Roman public life.
36:19This was both the place for social gathering and for selling goods.
36:24It had a temple dedicated to the Emperor Trajan and his military victories.
36:30Then there is the Capitol.
36:32This towering temple is dedicated to the gods Jupiter, Juno and Minerva.
36:41There are 14 Roman baths in Timgad.
36:44They would have been used by weary travellers entering the settlement.
36:52There's also the amphitheatre.
36:54It's built into the side of a hill and is comparatively smaller than other Roman theatres.
36:59But it could still seat three and a half thousand spectators on a good day.
37:05The interesting thing about Timgad is, although it is a spectacular site,
37:10it's a spectacular site with a history that's largely unknown.
37:16Its historical references are few.
37:19By and large, Timgad was forgotten in Roman history,
37:23but of course it's come alive through the magnificent ruins that we have today.
37:31Timgad appears to have been destroyed sometime in the 5th century by Moorish brigands.
37:38And when the Byzantines conquered North Africa in 533,
37:44they arrived at Timgad to find the city deserted.
37:47The site was covered with sand and forgotten until it was excavated during the early part of the French occupation
37:57of Algeria.
38:02Our next destination is Bajaya.
38:05It's a scenic three-hour drive through fantastic scenery in a region known as Kabyl.
38:17Its hills form part of a mountainous belt that stretches west to Morocco's Atlas Mountains
38:23and east to the Ores Mountains bordering Tunisia.
38:29The capital of Kabyl is the port of Bajaya,
38:32and the coast around this industrial city bears some impressive coastline.
38:39This land has had a special significance for Berbers for centuries,
38:43most recently like poets such as Hasan Mahmed.
38:52And its
38:53The spells of Bajaya
39:00Today is interesting.
39:01Us are making rules all month back,
39:03We built the rules everywhere
39:05As we raised in the name of God and slowly
39:06And as we support the rules,
39:10Truly seems okay to be located on our way through avant
39:13And we have found过 today
39:13Our mission as is so important
39:16It's the most important part of the world.
39:20It's the most important part of the world.
39:25Kabyl is a Berber heartland.
39:28The Berbers are the indigenous people of North Africa,
39:32who were here centuries before the Arabs arrived in the mid-7th century.
39:39Berbers are famed for their craft skills, like pottery and carpet making.
39:55Although Arab influencers heavily inspired Berber dress codes,
40:00women's clothes in particular exude ancient origins.
40:06They have always been vibrant and decorative,
40:09with outfits embellished with jewellery and decorations,
40:14motifs and insignia.
40:19Each Berber region, such as Kabyl, has its own traditional costumes.
40:24Alia Asyohoji is a Kabyl seamstress,
40:27who is using these traditions in the outfits she is making today.
40:39The Berber colors and distinctive braid decorations.
40:45But here, I modified it. I made it with a galant.
40:48I have a motif of the motif of the look.
40:52It's a motif of the look.
40:54It's a motif of the look.
40:55In the same time, it's a motif of Kabyl.
41:01Folk here speak a Berber dialect, Kabyl.
41:08And although Tamazayit, as it is commonly known, is a dying language,
41:13it's still taught passionately in schools.
41:20The Berber Tamazayit language was first given an official status in Algeria in 2002,
41:27a year after the bloody riots that left more than a hundred people dead in Kabyl.
41:32In 2016, it became enshrined in the constitution as a state language alongside Arabic.
41:41The director of education, Badr Abrahim, explains the importance of language to one's sense of identity.
41:48Today, it's the era of the worldization,
41:51the technological development.
41:53The world is a village.
41:55So it doesn't work to hide its identity or to dissimulate it.
41:59So it's better to be able to hide it,
42:03and to be able to hide it,
42:07especially regarding the identity of the person.
42:10So there, to be able to hide it,
42:13especially in the school system,
42:15to start the teaching,
42:19the teaching of the child by the maternal language,
42:22it's already a big step.
42:24It's already a big step,
42:25because unfortunately,
42:26the students,
42:28as well as barbarophones or arabophones,
42:32they start the schoolization by a foreign language,
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45:09you. The Abdelkader Mosque is the oldest in the city. It's what the locals call their Taj Mahal.
45:17Built in the 13th century on the site of a pagan temple, it was intended to hold most of Constantine's
45:23population. Although it has been rebuilt over the centuries and has a modern facade,
45:29the interior still retains some of its original features.
45:34The monumental mosque seeks to make a powerful Islamic statement, possibly because Constantine
45:41before the coming of Islam was Roman Christianity's first Algerian city. It was named after its pious
45:48emperor of the same name. The Phoenicians called it Serta. In fact, Constantine has always been at
45:54the center of Algeria's political and cultural life. The Serta Museum in the Old Town Hall offers up an
46:01eclectic display of statues, friezes and tombstones. The museum's director, Dr. Amel Soltani, tells us more.
46:10The specificity of this museum is that it is a museum that tells us all the history of Algeria.
46:16The Constantine story begins with these Phoenician tombstones found in the region,
46:22commemorating pagan deities like the fertility god Baal. Phoenician traders then gave way to the
46:29Carthaginians who founded the city of Serta. It then became the capital of the kingdom of Numidia,
46:35until it was annexed by Rome in 46 BC. Roman Constantine the city was once gloriously decorated with
46:43fountains. This is a surviving sculpture of the Greek god Dionysus, or the Roman one Bacchus,
46:50the god of agriculture, fertility and wine. But the presiding exhibits are the Roman mosaics.
47:09These mosaics would be found in homes and in the baths of the Roman upper classes who lived here.
47:16They depict scenes of naval fights and swimmers. In them, you can see a skillful geometry in the typography,
47:23a refined aesthetic in art that Romans had developed by the 2nd century. Constantine was eventually sacked
47:31by vandals in the 5th century. Algeria's Roman ruins are exquisite. Just outside Constantine is
47:41another spectacular site, Jamila. Originally built for Roman soldiers, it's another UNESCO World Heritage
47:49site, and it sits in a spectacular setting. Its remaining centrepiece is the monumental arch of Caracalla.
48:00Its relics include forums, temples, basilicas, arches, streets and houses.
48:20Jamila remains one of the most impressive examples of how the Romans adapted their architecture to
48:26mountainous locations. It is situated on a hilltop surrounded by hills of the Atlas mountain ranges,
48:33at an altitude of 3,000 feet. A thousand years later, the Ottomans occupied Algeria, and three centuries
48:47after that, the Ottoman governor, Elhaj Ahmed Bey, built this exquisite Ottoman palace.
48:58The palace has a harem overlooking a series of courtyards ringed by tiled arcades. It's a beautiful
49:07Islamic depiction of paradise, and is one of the best restored palaces of its kind in all of Algeria.
49:14Local guide Ruag Meheddin tells us more.
49:18In the architecture of the palace, there is a combination of the style moresque style,
49:22there is always a garden in the interior. The first one is the garden in the palm trees and the
49:28palm trees.
49:32The style moresque style is always a garden in the interior, like Lombra, Sevilla, Cortoba,
49:38there is always a garden in the interior.
49:40The timing of the palace's construction couldn't have been worse.
49:45It coincided with the French siege of Algiers. As French troops moved eastwards, Ahmed Bey defended
49:52the city with zeal, but he was overwhelmed. He fled the palace after living in it for only two years.
50:00He did not surrender until 1848, the same year Abdelkader gave up the fight against France in the west.
50:09After independence, the Algerian army turned the palace into their military headquarters.
50:18Constantine's history, like much of Algeria, is a story of conquests, battles and occupations.
50:26This grand monument overlooking Constantine actually commemorates French soldiers who lost their lives in
50:32World War I battles in far away Europe. But it's a great place to view Constantine today.
50:40And beyond it, the rolling hills of a rich and vibrant coastal hinterland.
50:45It's a richness which surprises those who visit this Africa's largest country.
50:53And beyond it, the rolling hills of a rich and vibrant coastal hinterland is a great place to view Constantine's
51:16history.
51:17Stay with us here on PBS America.
51:19There's so much more to explore in Hidden Algiers, next.
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