- hace 18 horas
Au début du XXe siècle, l'homme étant allé vers l'est, l'ouest, le nord et enfin le sud, il lui reste à découvrir le ciel ainsi que les profondeurs sous-marines. En 1929, Auguste Piccard est professeur à l'université de Bruxelles. Il imagine une capsule permettant un vol stratosphérique, qu'il effectue en compagnie de son compatriote Paul Kipfer. En 1948, aidé par Théodore Monod et Jacques-Yves Cousteau, il teste son bathyscaphe. Quelques années plus tard, son fils Jacques Piccard à bord du Trieste tente de battre le record du monde absolu de profondeur dans la fosse des Mariannes.
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00:24The Explorers
00:46The Explorers
01:08The Explorers
01:11The Explorers
01:26The Explorers
01:43The Explorers
02:10The Explorers
02:12The Explorers
02:18The Explorers
02:21The Explorers
02:39The Explorers
02:41The Explorers
03:05The Explorers
03:08The Explorers
03:22The Explorers
03:26The Explorers
03:29The Explorers
03:35The Explorers
03:39The Explorers
03:41The Explorers
03:43The Explorers
03:50The Explorers
03:55But the temperature is rising and the cosmic rays are powerful.
03:58Unfortunately, no one has gone to study them yet.
04:01Yes, sir?
04:02And why aren't we going?
04:04Miss ?
04:05That's because, as you said, at that altitude there isn't enough air for
04:08breathe.
04:10Exactly.
04:11Oh, but...
04:14What's happening to him?
04:15He's thinking. You'll see, he'll eventually forget about us.
04:28There you have it, gentlemen. In a metal gondola, the air will remain under pressure.
04:31Then we'll be able to ascend to the stratosphere.
04:35But it won't work, come on. There will be leaks. It's certain death.
04:39If the walls are thick enough, there will be no leaks.
04:44I will never go up there.
04:45Rest assured, sir. We won't ask you.
04:48The project is interesting and deserves to be studied.
04:51But it's going to cost a real fortune.
04:52Belgium will finance it for the benefit of science.
04:56But what are you doing with your glasses, Professor Picard?
04:59It's one of my inventions.
05:00This way is for seeing up close and this way is for seeing from afar.
05:03With my glasses, I can see very well up close.
05:06But sometimes you need to be able to see further ahead.
05:08I support Professor Picard's project.
05:14In black? You're going to paint it black? Are you sure?
05:17Only half.
05:18You see, Mr. Kieffer, the color black absorbs heat
05:21And the light-colored metal, on the other hand, reflects the light.
05:23If it gets too cold, we will expose the black side to the sun.
05:26And so, we will warm ourselves up.
05:28If it gets too hot, we'll do the opposite.
05:30Oh !
05:39Are you from Bavaria, gentlemen?
05:41Do you have a permit to take off?
05:44Excuse me?
05:45You must have a permit.
05:47Do you have a driver's license, Mr. Kieffer?
05:49No, professor. And you?
05:50Well, me neither.
05:51Without a license, you cannot take off.
05:53And what is this?
05:55That's ballast, sir.
05:56It's lead.
05:57We throw it away to lighten the cabin.
06:00So that the ball goes higher.
06:02So, you want to throw lead, just like that, over people's heads?
06:05And you think I'm just going to let you do that?
06:07Let's see, what's going on?
06:08These people don't have permits, and from up there, they want to drop lead.
06:12It's forbidden.
06:18Here is the permit to take off.
06:27Let's quickly climb aboard.
06:49Let go of everything!
06:51Yes, well done!
06:53Yes, well done!
07:00And higher, and higher!
07:14We should be leaving soon, shouldn't we?
07:17But we've already left.
07:18Oh really? No, but are you sure?
07:20Oh yes.
07:24Already 2000 meters?
07:25Ah, we're climbing fast.
07:29Oh no, the insulator broke.
07:31There is an air leak.
07:36Soon, we won't be able to breathe anymore.
07:38Should we go back down?
07:39No, no, no, I'll plug the leak, come on.
07:496000 meters.
07:516500.
07:56Oh, oh!
07:589000 meters.
08:04Release some oxygen to raise the pressure.
08:12The air is clearer, but now it's cold.
08:16I'm going to rotate the capsule so that the black-painted side absorbs the heat and warms us up.
08:20Ah, the engine is broken.
08:22Quick, warm clothes.
08:24So.
08:38That's all we needed.
08:40Snow in the cabin.
08:41Ah, that's condensation.
08:43Oh, 12,000 m.
08:44That's it, we've reached the stratosphere.
08:46Let's lighten our load to climb even higher.
08:57Oh, it's getting hot.
09:0225 degrees.
09:03I'm going to test the valve, you never know.
09:17The hydrogen outlet valve is blocked.
09:19We cannot go back down.
09:21We should try it.
09:22The balloon might burst, let's see.
09:29Professor, we have passed 15,000 m.
09:31No one has ever climbed so high.
09:33But how do we get back down?
09:35We are prisoners of the sky.
09:37We'll have to wait until nightfall.
09:38The balloon is in direct sunlight and the hydrogen has expanded due to the heat.
09:42Oh, its volume will decrease with the coolness of the night, hopefully that will be enough to bring it back down.
09:50Phew!
09:51Oh !
09:59Ouch! Ooh! That burns!
10:12We are drifting south.
10:16It is 8 a.m.
10:18We are at 15,800 m.
10:20Almost twice as high as the Himalayas.
10:2239 degrees.
10:23The heat is becoming unbearable.
10:24Come on, be brave!
10:25There is no more water.
10:27We can only wait.
10:306 p.m.
10:31It's a little less hot.
10:33We only have enough oxygen left for 4 hours.
10:37Let's hope that will be enough.
10:38Ah! We're getting off.
10:40Yes !
10:4113,000 m.
10:42It's slow.
10:4610:30 PM.
10:46We are descending faster and faster.
10:489,000 m.
10:508,700.
10:528,000.
10:54Ah! We can't see anything.
10:55I can open it.
10:56It's going to be breathable, right?
11:01Throw off some of the ballast.
11:02We're going to crash.
11:04Put your car in the car.
11:16As soon as we touch the ground,
11:17we need to open the balloon
11:18so that it empties very quickly.
11:20I hope that this rope
11:22She's not stuck either.
11:49It's morning, my friend.
11:50Yes, you can go out.
11:52We're going down into the valley.
11:57We won.
12:00Yes.
12:01Hop!
12:01Oh dear!
12:01Attention !
12:06Promise me, Auguste, that you will never risk your life again
12:09as you just did.
12:10Think of me and our children.
12:12Yes, Marianne, I promise you.
12:14Tell me, Dad, when I'm older,
12:16I can go with you.
12:18Auguste Picard was a distracted man
12:20And of course, he's going to forget his promise.
12:24Shortly afterwards,
12:25he will break his own record
12:27by reaching an altitude
12:28of nearly 17,000 m.
12:30And after the top,
12:32He also wants to go downstairs.
12:34Give him glasses.
12:35I wonder where they come from.
12:37In a sealed capsule,
12:39we were able to reach the altitude
12:40of 17,000 m.
12:43Sir ?
12:43Yes, young man?
12:44And under the sea?
12:45How deep did we descend?
12:47Excellent question.
12:48The great underwater trenches
12:49are about ten deep
12:51thousands of meters.
12:52Imagine the pressure
12:54at that depth.
12:55Oh !
12:58According to my calculations,
12:59we would have more than 1000 kg
13:01pressure per square centimeter.
13:02And that's huge.
13:041000 kg per square centimeter.
13:06A man would be completely crushed.
13:08Yes, like a bedbug.
13:101000 kg per square centimeter,
13:12That's right.
13:12But I wonder...
13:16But what's wrong with him?
13:17What's wrong with him?
13:18He is thinking.
13:19But to what?
13:25A metal cabin
13:26which would have the shape of a sphere
13:28could withstand enormous pressures.
13:30We could dive
13:31up to 10,000 meters deep.
13:331000 kg per square centimeter,
13:36But you're not thinking about it.
13:37You would be crushed like a bedbug.
13:39I don't believe it.
13:40Not if we make walls
13:41sufficiently thick steel.
13:43Then the cabin will be so heavy
13:45that it will sink like a stone
13:46and will never rise again.
13:47However, the cabin of a balloon
13:48It rises into the atmosphere, right?
13:51With hydrogen, that's normal.
13:53With this pressure,
13:54The ball would be crushed.
13:56But I'll fill it with petrol.
13:58It's lighter than water.
13:59It will be like an underwater balloon.
14:01I will call it Batiscaf,
14:02the ship of the deep.
14:05The project was delayed by the war.
14:07Finally, in 1948...
14:14This stopwatch will trigger
14:15the fall of the iron ingots
14:17at noon to bring back
14:18the Batiscaf.
14:19You absolutely must not put it on
14:20at the hour before departure.
14:22Otherwise, boom!
14:22Yes, of course, of course, of course.
14:24Well, there you have it.
14:24Everything is ready for the first dive.
14:26lieutenant.
14:27Tom, this morning.
14:34Ah, look,
14:35She's not on time.
14:44These ingots weigh two tons.
14:46If we cut the magnets,
14:47the ingots fall
14:48and the Batiscaf automatically rises.
14:50It's a safety measure.
14:52Because it is almost noon,
14:53I have the impression
14:54for having forgotten something.
14:58I believe that, through distraction,
15:00I went back up the...
15:01I put it back together, what?
15:02The stopwatch.
15:09Oh !
15:14I'm sorry, Lieutenant Cousteau.
15:16I'm so used to it
15:17to set the clocks right.
15:19A good Swiss habit.
15:21Fortunately,
15:21The Batiscaf is intact.
15:23We'll start tomorrow.
15:24I'll give it a try.
15:25Who wants to come with me?
15:30So, let's draw straws.
15:36It's me !
15:37It's me !
15:38GOOD.
15:39I'll check
15:40that everything is in order,
15:41Mr. Monod.
15:46Very ingenious,
15:47this invention.
15:48Yes, that allows
15:49to dive in complete freedom.
15:57You are in order.
15:58You can enter
15:59in the cabin.
16:08Go ahead, pump the gas.
16:24Checkmate.
16:31Checkmate.
16:33And Matt?
16:35Oh !
16:36The lieutenant.
16:42For us, it's a beast.
16:47Ah, it's hot.
16:49Take a look
16:50These pretty fish.
16:53They are very small.
16:55Oh dear, oh!
17:07So, still nothing?
17:09No, nothing.
17:11Ah, they should be going back up now.
17:13There, I see a light.
17:14Finally, it's the batiscaf.
17:16They are safe.
17:20Be careful, at the slightest spark,
17:22Everything explodes.
17:32Where are they turning?
17:33Oh, there's some damage.
17:38But where is the antenna?
17:40Oh, well, that's something.
17:41We should do better.
17:42Give me some paper
17:43And a pencil, please.
17:45No, two pencils.
17:51You see, Jacques,
17:52the float will be strapped
17:53of steel strips.
17:55And there, inside,
17:56will be
17:56two tanks
17:57iron shot.
17:58At least ten tons.
18:00Yes, Father.
18:01And I'm sure
18:01that this batiscaf
18:02will be able to descend
18:03in the greatest depths.
18:05Ten kilometers underwater.
18:06Hey, never!
18:07You will be crushed
18:09by pressure
18:09and the cabin
18:10will fill with water.
18:11You will not be able to
18:12never go back up.
18:13This is madness.
18:14It's simply
18:14Madness.
18:16I think I already have
18:16I heard that somewhere.
18:18Okay, let's get to work.
18:19We are going to build
18:20the new batiscaf
18:20in Italy,
18:22of Terny.
18:24We are going to build
18:25a new batiscaf
18:26in Toulon
18:27and we will go down
18:28where no man
18:28has not yet come down.
18:29And here you are, Professor.
18:31That sphere,
18:32she will resist
18:32to thousands
18:33tons of pressure
18:34Believe me.
18:36Even millions,
18:37billions.
18:39Well, thousands,
18:40That's for sure.
19:00Everything is ready.
19:01Let's go.
19:18We will beat
19:19all records
19:20depth.
19:21You'll see
19:22what you are about to see.
19:30we go down
19:31one meter
19:32per second.
19:33Oh, look,
19:35a giant squid.
19:41Hello, Giuseppe,
19:42Can you hear me?
19:43Very good, professor.
19:44Everything's fine, right?
19:46What is this ?
19:49That's probably
19:50a dolphin.
19:51He wants to communicate
19:52with us.
19:59A foundry worker,
20:00thousand meters.
20:01These snowflakes,
20:02these are in fact
20:02millions
20:03small creatures
20:04which constitute
20:04what is called
20:05plankton.
20:06Turn off the spotlights.
20:07Sunlight
20:07never penetrates this far.
20:09We are at 1500 meters.
20:10And we go down again.
20:12Hello, turn it back on.
20:16We are at 3000 meters.
20:17We are approaching the bottom.
20:19I'm going to throw in a little bit of the east
20:21in order to slow down
20:22our downfall.
20:22Good idea.
20:23I'm going to turn on the sonar.
20:24The bottom is at 100 meters.
20:2790.
20:2980.
20:30Oh dear,
20:31We're going too fast.
20:31I prefer the east.
20:37We're almost at the bottom.
20:39Look at.
20:473500 meters deep.
20:49Never any man
20:50Don't go down here.
20:522100 meters deep.
20:53All records have been broken.
20:55Well, I think
20:55that can be traced back.
20:56This is an absolute record.
20:58We are definitely the best.
21:00We're going to move
21:01above the bottom.
21:02Loosen up a little bit from the east.
21:13You see,
21:14even at this depth
21:15and in the dark
21:16the most comprehensive,
21:17Life goes on.
21:18Oh, there are some things
21:19to discover.
21:20We should go back up, Father.
21:22The fuel is being
21:23to cool down.
21:23It decreases in volume.
21:24You're right.
21:25Let's not waste any time.
21:33Where are they?
21:34But where are they?
21:35They should be reassembled.
21:37NOW.
21:51We are on the surface.
21:52We're going to compress it.
21:53to flush out the water
21:54exit rooms.
22:05King, 1500 meters.
22:07We have reached
22:08the depth of 2100 meters.
22:10That's a record
22:11which will remain unmatched for a long time.
22:12An absolute record.
22:14Enter.
22:19Thank you, Sergeant.
22:20Professor Auguste Picard
22:21and his son Jacques
22:22reached aboard the Trieste
22:23depth
22:24of 3500 meters.
22:27It remains to be conquered.
22:28the deepest pit
22:29to the world
22:30the Mariana Trench.
22:32But we have no more money.
22:33and the Americans
22:34want to buy Trieste.
22:36They will keep me
22:37as a pilot.
22:38Jacques,
22:38A piece of advice is accepted.
22:39This is our only chance.
22:41Finally, yours,
22:41because the performances
22:43sportswomen,
22:43at my age...
22:45In the Pacific Ocean,
22:46off the coast of Guam,
22:48the pit
22:48the Marianas
22:49the deepest in the world.
22:5011,000 meters.
22:52Ultimately,
22:53water pressure
22:54is enormous
22:55overwhelming.
22:56And the shark?
22:58They will not touch us.
22:59I'm going to go check
23:01all electrical circuits.
23:02Go tell the lieutenant
23:03Don Walsh
23:03that he can come.
23:17Lieutenant Walsh,
23:18Jacques is waiting for you.
23:19OK, Barry.
23:21Come on, get in.
23:22We're diving in right away.
23:298:23 a.m.
23:30Start of the dive.
23:31Good luck.
23:34Descent speed
23:35one meter per second.
23:36We will be at the bottom
23:37early afternoon.
23:41Everything is fine.
23:41What depth!
23:42Yes, yes, everything is fine.
23:44We are at 2,000 meters.
23:46We continue.
23:4811:30.
23:497,000 meters.
23:50Everything works.
23:50I slow down.
23:5811:44.
23:598,200 meters.
24:00The height of the Evressé.
24:01What is this ?
24:02The pressure deforms the cabin.
24:05She shrinks
24:06and the paint chips off.
24:07We are at 10,000 meters.
24:09I'm slowing down again.
24:11We are 50 meters from the bottom.
24:1440,
24:1520 meters,
24:1615 meters.
24:18Oh, look.
24:21A living creature
24:23at that depth.
24:24That's incredible.
24:25You meet yourself, Jacques.
24:27May this porthole support
24:28the pressure of 50,000 kilos.
24:311:06 PM.
24:33We've hit rock bottom.
24:39Giuseppe,
24:40We are at the bottom of the pit.
24:42Oh, that's pointless.
24:43He can't hear you anymore.
24:45Briette, Briette,
24:46We hear you.
24:48Well done.
24:49The sound will have taken a total
24:5014 seconds
24:51to go up and down.
24:53It's starting to get cold.
24:54Perhaps we can go back.
24:55I'm letting go.
24:56Here we go.
25:00I no longer have radio contact
25:01since 1 p.m.
25:02It would only have happened
25:03something.
25:11Bravo, bravo.
25:15Today, January 23, 1960,
25:18we went down
25:1911 kilometers under the sea.
25:21A record that will never be broken.
25:23Never ?
25:24Never say never.
25:26Never.
25:26Because there is nothing in the oceans
25:28no deeper pit
25:30than this one.
25:35Yes, indeed.
25:36No one came down
25:37Deeper
25:38than 11,000 meters.
25:39The people of Picardy were
25:40true pioneers
25:41because they paved the way
25:42to exploration
25:43seabed.
25:45And there we discovered
25:46Oh, many wonders!
25:47mountains
25:48and underwater volcanoes,
25:49fantastic creatures
25:51living in boiling water
25:52that come out of the entrails
25:54of the earth.
25:54And even
25:55these sea monsters,
25:57giant squid
25:5720 meters long
25:59who emerge as refugees
26:00at a depth of 2000 meters
26:01where the sperm whales,
26:02their mortal enemies,
26:04cannot reach them.
26:12The explorers
26:15Discover the world,
26:16made the earth
26:17Round,
26:18these sinopataires
26:20They will find again
26:22paths to be forged
26:23And then offer them to the souls
26:26As we offer
26:27a beautiful apple
26:28To you, to us, to me
26:31I believe
26:32Subtitling by Radio-Canada
26:36Subtitling by Radio-Canada
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