- hace 2 días
Les premiers explorateurs de l'Océan Pacifique furent les Polynésiens 2 500 ans avant notre ère, qui migraient d'îles en îles. Après la découverte du Pacifique par Magellan, les Européens se mirent à la recherche de la Terra Australis Incognita prédite par Ptolémée. Plusieurs explorateurs se succédèrent dont Mendaña et Tasman qui découvrirent plusieurs îles mais pas de grand continent. En 1766, Bougainville, accompagné Philibert Commerson, de Pierre-Antoine Véron et du prince Charles de Nassau, quitte Nantes vers le Pacifique Sud. Ils découvrirent de nombreuses îles dont la Nouvelle-Cythère.
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00:24The Explorers
00:46The Explorers
01:08The Explorers
01:11The Explorers
01:26The Explorers
01:42The Explorers
01:51The Explorers
01:54The Explorers
02:01The Explorers
02:12The Explorers
02:29And who discovered it?
02:31And when?
02:32In fact, the Pacific was already explored more than 4000 years ago by the Polynesians.
02:37They were great navigators.
02:38And this was well before the Europeans.
02:44Dear children, there are too many of us on the island.
02:47Food is running out and fish is becoming increasingly scarce.
02:50We need to find new lands.
02:52Yes, that's true, you're right, Grandpa.
02:53This is what we are going to do.
02:54We are going to build a big boat.
02:56Come on, everyone will join in.
02:58It will take us five or six moons.
03:16Subtitling by Radio-Canada
03:56The Explorers
04:10Higher, higher, higher.
04:13Yeah, yeah.
04:43A good northerly breeze, perfect for testing.
04:46Okay, it's your turn.
04:52Turn slightly to the left.
04:55Okay, sailing.
05:04It works, beautiful beast.
05:06Okay, now pay attention, we're going to turn.
05:09Lower the oars on the left.
05:30That's a beautiful boat.
05:32The most beautiful one we have ever built.
05:33With this, we'll go far.
05:34And now, we need to lower the sail.
05:37So, hurry and be careful.
05:39Lower the sail.
05:43Wonderful, children.
05:45You're lucky to be starting from there.
05:47You're going to see a lot of the country.
05:59I didn't learn it myself.
06:00Those are some ways.
06:02Ah, excuse me, grandfather.
06:03I didn't do it on purpose.
06:04It started all by itself.
06:05But the kernels always come out on their own.
06:07I noticed it a long time ago.
06:11Come on, come on.
06:12To see the sky clearly, you need to move away from the lights.
06:15Otherwise, your path is laid out there.
06:19Do you remember it?
06:21Yes, grandfather, of course.
06:22Thanks to the stars, we will find all directions.
06:25regardless of the season.
06:26We are familiar with the flight of migrating birds,
06:29the direction of the wind and also that of the currents.
06:31We will find it, our island.
06:33We have always known that there are islands,
06:36many islands, far, far away,
06:37in the direction of the sun-wind.
06:39Our children leave and do not return.
06:41Which means that they most certainly
06:43found the land that suits them.
06:45I would be happy to accompany you.
06:47if I were much younger.
06:48Oh, why not, Grandpa?
06:50You know the stars better than anyone
06:52And you would be very useful to us.
06:54Yes, why not.
06:55We'll see, we'll see.
06:57So, we need to prepare.
07:21Oh, great, so we're off, let's go find an island?
07:24But I don't understand why you're not coming.
07:26No formalities.
07:26I'm very happy here.
07:28There are plums, bananas, there's everything you need.
07:30I'm not leaving.
07:31I've already arrived.
07:32And besides, there's no guarantee you'll find your islands.
07:34If we find them, the old man himself said so.
07:37The old man is never wrong.
07:38And he's coming with us.
07:57They were going on an adventure,
07:58knowing that they would never return.
08:00Through winds and storms, day and night,
08:02They maintained their direction,
08:03hoping to arrive one day or another
08:05in one of these countless islands
08:07which are scattered across the Pacific.
08:21A little further to the left.
08:23There you go, just like that.
08:24Come on, children,
08:25Lower the oars.
08:29It's good.
08:30Straight ahead.
08:31There.
08:33Raise the oars.
08:45Look, Dad, the big chickens!
08:47We're going to have a great time!
08:49The explorers of the Pacific,
08:50parts of Asia,
08:51about four or five thousand years ago,
08:53occupied all the habitable islands
08:55of this immensity.
08:56The Solomon Islands.
08:59New Caledonia,
09:00Nouméa, Samoa, Tonga,
09:02the Society Islands,
09:03Tahiti,
09:04The Marquesas Islands and many others.
09:06In 400 AD,
09:07the Polynesians crossed
09:093500 kilometers of ocean
09:10to settle in Hawaii.
09:12Others went as far as Pape Island,
09:13whose statues will be discovered
09:15a thousand years later.
09:16Well, well, well,
09:17They've come a long way.
09:18The Polynesians!
09:19Long before the Portuguese!
09:20And also before the Spanish!
09:22And perhaps even before the Greeks
09:23or the Phoenicians.
09:25In any case,
09:25when Christopher Columbus undertook
09:27his first trip,
09:28he didn't even suspect
09:29that the Pacific existed.
09:31He believed that by crossing the Atlantic,
09:32We arrived directly in India.
09:34and in China.
09:35And even many years later,
09:36see what the world was like
09:37as we knew it.
09:39Magellan has already circumnavigated the globe.
09:41Many more will follow.
09:42This map is strange.
09:44And then, did you see America there?
09:46Tell me, maestro,
09:47What is this great continent?
09:48That, children,
09:49It is a land that does not exist.
09:51Almost 2000 years ago,
09:53Ptolemy, the great geographer,
09:55had observed
09:55that most of the known lands
09:57were located to the north.
09:58So they thought
09:59that there must have been in the south
10:00a large continent
10:01to balance the earth,
10:02otherwise it would tip over
10:04like that.
10:05She would tip over
10:06anything !
10:08She would tip over
10:09because she would
10:10unbalanced.
10:11Or so we thought.
10:13So we left
10:13searching for this land.
10:15First of all,
10:16the Spanish
10:16settled here in Peru
10:17under the command
10:18a little messy
10:19from Mendana.
10:21Ahead !
10:25Huh?
10:25Oh yes, yes.
10:26Raise the sails
10:27and cast off the mooring lines.
10:29Who is that?
10:30He knows nothing.
10:31But shh,
10:32This is Mendana.
10:33the viceroy's nephew,
10:34Do you understand?
10:36Let me do it, okay?
10:37Later,
10:38I will teach you.
10:39Cast off the moorings,
10:40the velan,
10:40creak the sail
10:41foresail,
10:42helm to starboard.
10:44Mendana clearly saw
10:45some islands
10:45but did not discover
10:46Nothing worthwhile.
10:47However,
10:4830 years later,
10:49with pilot Kiros...
10:50This time,
10:51lord,
10:52We'll find out.
10:53that famous great continent of the South.
10:55With you on board,
10:56You can't miss it.
10:57And it seems
10:58that gold grows.
11:00They saw again
11:01some islands
11:02but no continent.
11:04This is Kiros
11:04who led
11:05the next expedition.
11:07They will go like this
11:08as far as the New Hebrides
11:09Pacific islands.
11:11Earth !
11:11Earth !
11:13But of course,
11:14no traces
11:15of the great southern continent.
11:16And for good reason.
11:18Because,
11:19As I told you,
11:20It does not exist.
11:22The Spanish
11:23were not the only ones
11:24to take an interest in the Pacific.
11:25A Dutch expedition
11:27led by Abel Tasman
11:28who was an excellent sailor,
11:30him,
11:30will she also try
11:31to find
11:32this great continent of the South.
11:34And Tasman's ship
11:35will sting
11:36south
11:37from Australia.
11:40The sea is rough.
11:42There's no way
11:42to go ashore in a rowboat.
11:44So the flag,
11:45We're not planting it?
11:45Yes, it is necessary.
11:46for the glory of Holland.
11:48So what do we do then?
11:49We're not going to do it by the skin of our teeth?
11:49Swimming, though.
11:50What ?
11:51What is this ?
11:51Swimming?
11:52Well, that's what I was saying,
11:53It was a joke.
11:53Sof, come on, go ahead.
11:56Don't forget the flag.
12:12Well done !
12:13A shot of rum,
12:14That will warm you up.
12:22The land that Tasman discovered
12:24is an island
12:24in southern Australia
12:25called Tasmania.
12:27Afterwards,
12:28Finally,
12:31the great southern continent.
12:33No doubt about it.
12:33We're there.
12:34We will be able to
12:35to throw away the ink.
12:47Oh !
13:02Oh !
13:10Tasman, after Tasmania, had just discovered New Zealand
13:13But he judged it wiser to distance himself from it
13:17Yes, come in.
13:22But open up, open up already!
13:27Just look at this pretty flower
13:29Ah, I understand, it's to remind me that I'm forgetting the greatest French explorer, Bouquinville
13:34I understand, I understand, it's a Bookvillage because it was Bookville who discovered it
13:40Bravo! I'm pinning my hopes for fame on this plant.
13:44This Bouquinville, a man of great talent, was a mathematician, lawyer, elite fencer, excellent dancer, musketeer to the king, and hero of
13:55war decorated by Louis XV
13:58Louis-Antoine de Bouquinville, you have given us the brilliant example of change within continuity
14:04I therefore make you a Knight of Saint Louis
14:07Yes, imagine, the marquise told me that...
14:11Ah, you seem bored, young man
14:15I know you, or at least I know your story
14:19Not very lucky, eh?
14:21Ah, why?
14:22Well, a few years ago, you supported my calm in Canada, then in besieged Quebec.
14:28by the English
14:28France, for one thing, hadn't done much to help you in your struggle.
14:33Waiting!
14:34Ahead !
14:42And later, when you came to present to the court an excellent plan to conquer Carolina and the
14:48Virginia
14:48Where everything needed to be done, the well-respected minister, entangled in his wars, responded to you with arrogance.
14:54When the house is on fire, sir, you don't worry about the stables.
14:59Once again, bad luck
15:00There was your conquest of the Falkland Islands, which had to be returned to the Spanish.
15:04Finally, have you ever heard of Terre Australis Incognita?
15:09Yes, does the great southern continent really exist?
15:13It is up to you to answer, Mr. de Bougainville
15:16But to whom do I have the honor?
15:17Pierre-Antoine Véron, astronomer, at your service
15:20To serve you on board your ship, obviously
15:22But which ship?
15:24The ship you will be departing on
15:26Leave? But where to?
15:28Discovering
15:29What ?
15:30From the mysterious continent
15:32But I...
15:36Come, it seems a frigate has just been built in Nantes
15:39The Duke of Choiseul, the minister, is a friend
15:41He's going to entrust it to me.
15:45Welcome aboard
15:46Where is Mr. Commerson, our naturalist? He's not with you.
15:49He's getting ready, he shouldn't tint it
15:51Plenty of glass and wine spirits to preserve the samples
15:54Soap for treating pots, tin cans, paper, putty, laminated lead for labels
15:59Cork insect box
16:00Come on Jeanne, what am I still missing?
16:02I, Philibert
16:04Women are not allowed on board
16:06What will become of me without you during all this time?
16:11My little Jeanne, I'm going to miss you
16:13But wait
16:15I have an idea
16:16You'll see
16:22There, perfect
16:24Donate your clothes
16:29Put that on
16:32From now on, my darling
16:33You are Jean Barret, my valet
16:35At your service, sir.
16:40Bye
16:52Captain Bougainville, please excuse me.
16:54I knew you were leaving
16:55And I wanted to be part of the trip, with the king's permission.
16:58And who are you, sir?
17:00Charles, Prince of Nassau-Sigaine, at your service
17:03At my service, Prince?
17:04Yes, I want to accompany you on your expedition.
17:07I am a soldier, a hunter, a philosopher, a diplomat
17:09I could be of use to you
17:11But prince, the journey will be long and very difficult.
17:13It doesn't matter
17:14I won't take up much space
17:16So much determination
17:17Impossible to refuse
17:19I hope you won't get bored
17:25Bougainville was a man of talent and knowledge
17:27Of which Diderot said
17:29He left for this expedition
17:31With all its qualities
17:32Philosophy, courage, vivacity, and science too
17:36It was while stopping in Brazil
17:37Let him discover this plant
17:39Which was called Bougainville
17:40In the tropics, it grows very, very quickly.
17:43And here too
17:45Next, Bougainville will enter the Strait of Magellan
17:53Stop!
17:54Two months to cross that damn Strait of Magellan
17:57Finally, we are in the Pacific Ocean
17:59Will we find this new land there?
18:01The one we've been talking about for so long?
18:09We continue
18:10This small island is not very welcoming.
18:16Look, it's incredible!
18:29A sign of peace, I think, right?
18:31Like our olive branches
18:48They are like children
18:50Without any ill intent
18:52Natural men untouched by civilization
18:56Hold
19:05It's paradise on Earth
19:07Or rather, Cithera
19:08The island where Venus, goddess of the stuffing, emerged from the sea
19:11We will call this island the new Cythera
19:18Eretia
19:21Bougainville
19:29That's the name of this island, right?
19:34Set up some tents
19:35We will treat our sick
19:36Let's take advantage of their hospitality
19:38And fruit that seems to be growing in abundance
19:40Higher!
19:45I want to get them treated on Earth
19:50I would like them to be able to rest on Earth for 30 days.
19:59Okay, that's good, 15 days, that's it.
20:06Oh, but...
20:07Oh dear...
20:11Oh, but it's...
20:12Oh, but it's...
20:13Oh, but I...
20:16Oh, but...
20:17Oh, but...
20:19Oh, but it's the...
20:21Oh...
20:25So, Mr. Veron
20:26GOOD
20:27At what latitude are we located?
20:29I won't know until tonight.
20:31Through observation of the Moon and the planets
20:34Well, I'll leave you in good company.
20:40Even tonight
20:48I was playing
20:49I was playing
20:56I was playing
20:57To score points
20:58What is this?
20:58I don't know
20:58I was playing
21:02I don't know
21:05I was playing
21:18Oh, look, that's the breadfruit tree
21:20Bananas and plums
21:22Look at that little bird eating them
21:50That would make a good meal.
21:53We buy it
21:54With what?
21:55Nails, these people love nails.
21:58You give me your port, I'll give you these nails
22:02He wants more
22:03That's all I have
22:08You will be judged and severely punished, believe me.
22:11Because of you, these friendly people have become hostile to us.
22:15Captain, let me go and talk to them.
22:17I made friends among them
22:18I will make them understand that we are not all bad
22:21It may be dangerous
22:22Trust me
22:36Among men there are good and bad people
22:38But we have no bad intentions
22:40Let's stay friends
22:45There you go, we're new friends!
22:47But Eretti has a favor to ask of you.
22:48What can I do for him?
22:50In Oto, Eretti's younger brother really wants to come to France
22:53Do you agree to take him?
22:55He would be unhappy there.
22:56He would be unhappy there; these people live in paradise on that island.
22:58He doesn't know what he's waiting for.
22:59But he cares so much about it
23:01France, France
23:03Okay, let him come with us.
23:15Wait, I'm forgetting something
23:18I'll be right back
23:19I take possession of the island in the name of His Most Christian Majesty, King Louis XV
23:25What do you want me to do?
23:27It's tradition
23:42The Pacific is much larger than we thought.
23:53No, no, it would be dishonorable to abuse our strength
23:56Okay, let's go again.
23:58Wait, where is Omerson?
24:03Quickly, quickly, quickly, hurry up!
24:05Ah, it was about time!
24:11You understand, Captain
24:12Jeanne Barré is my loyal collaborator
24:14So, since women are not allowed on board, we thought
24:17Finally, the boys' clothes suited him so well, you understand?
24:21Of course, Mr. Omerson, I understand, I understand.
24:24You can be proud, Miss Barré
24:26You will be the first woman to have traveled around the world
24:28Bougainville narrowly avoids the Great Barrier Reef that runs along the coast of Australia
24:31He heads north and returns to France via southern Africa.
24:37Bougainville returned more than two years after his departure
24:39He had discovered dozens of islands, all carefully mapped to allow subsequent explorers to find their way easily.
24:48It's important to know where you are
24:50But you, Edam, where am I?
24:55Guidance, you understand? It's important.
24:57You always need to know where you are.
25:03Ah, children, here you are!
25:04I thought you were lost, because one can get lost in the Bougainville
25:08But already, a great explorer is setting off again for the Pacific and will make many discoveries.
25:13Which explorer?
25:15A maestro?
25:16Cook, James Cook, an Englishman
25:17And he is said to be the greatest explorer of all time.
25:20But that, children, is another story.
25:29The explorers
25:32Discovering the world, they made the earth
25:34Rounding these synopaths
25:37They will still find ways to forge their own paths.
25:40And then offer them to the souls
25:43Like offering a beautiful apple
25:46To you, to us, to me
25:47I believe
25:53THANKS
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