00:05This is a great talk about what we are doing today,
00:09especially when a post on social media can be taken to the court.
00:19That's right.
00:20If you have a comment and share online,
00:24it's important to know where we need to look at the simple opinion
00:29that we have a cyber libel or ordinary libel.
00:34Para mas malinaw sa publiko,
00:38Mga ka-RSP,
00:40Atorny Ruel Ilagan,
00:42President of the Integrated Bar of the Philippines,
00:46Atorny,
00:47Ano ba ang libel case?
00:50Ano ang mga limbawa ng payag o kilos sa maring ituring na libel sa ilalim ng batas?
00:55Pag minura ba kita,
00:57libel na ba yan?
00:58O pag sabihan kitang pangit ka,
01:00libel na ba yan?
01:01Pag napahiya kita,
01:02Andami na agad tanong,
01:03Ay, Dok, Atorny.
01:05Go ahead, Atorny.
01:06Sige.
01:06So yung libel,
01:07Ito yung malicious imputation of a crime vice or defect will or imaginary.
01:11So madaling sir, ito ay paninirampuri sa isang tao.
01:13Okay.
01:14So maraming paraan tayo kung paano natin sinisiraan yung tao.
01:18Una, through written materials.
01:20Pangalawa, through online or social media.
01:22O kaya, face-to-face.
01:23Okay.
01:24Kung face-to-face,
01:24tapos may nakarinig, siniraan natin yung tao,
01:27ang tawag doon is oral defamation or slander.
01:29Okay.
01:30Kung in writing naman,
01:31for example,
01:32isa kang writer,
01:33pinablish mo yun sa newspaper,
01:35then that will be the ordinary libel.
01:37Okay.
01:37Of course, if you post something naman on social media,
01:40then that will be cyber libel.
01:41Okay.
01:43Buhay o patayan tao,
01:45kapag siniraan mo Atorny,
01:46pasok pa rin ba sa libel yan?
01:47Pasok.
01:48Pasok sa libel,
01:49whether dead or alive.
01:51As long as sinisiraan mo yung reputasyon ng tao,
01:54nasira yung pangalan ng tao,
01:56kahit buhay siya o patay,
01:57papasok ito sa cyber libel or libel.
01:59Okay. Atorny,
02:00kasi sinasabi daw na itong RA-10175
02:05or the Cyber Crime Prevention Act of 2012,
02:07what's the difference of that with cyber libel?
02:09Okay.
02:10So, yung cyber libel,
02:11of course,
02:12as compared to an ordinary libel,
02:14mas mataas yung penalty.
02:15Okay.
02:15Okay.
02:16Kasi ginagawa ito through online or social media.
02:18Basically, yung pinakaiba lang is yung medium
02:20or kung paano mo sinisiraan yung tao.
02:22Okay.
02:23So, with that Atorny,
02:24with cyber libel,
02:25mas mataas yung kaso.
02:26Pero when you file a case,
02:28cyber libel ang tawag sa kanya,
02:30or do you say it's RA-10175?
02:32Cyber libel.
02:33Yung RA-10175 is the law.
02:36Okay.
02:37Yung that punish cyber libel.
02:39Okay.
02:40Ano ang pwede maging kaparusahan kapag mas malaki
02:43ay kapag ginawa mo ang cyber libel versus a libel?
02:46Okay.
02:46Mas mataas yung penalty.
02:48Minimum of 6 years na.
02:49Pwede ding umabot to 12 years yung penalty
02:51if you are liable under a cyber libel.
02:54Okay.
02:55Atorny,
02:56kailan natin masasabi na isang post online
02:58ay pwede na maging grounds for cyber libel?
03:02Okay.
03:03Una-una,
03:04kailangan mo nga identify kung sino yung nagpost.
03:07Okay.
03:07Pagka magpipresent ka ng case sa court,
03:09of course, sino yung nagpost.
03:10Second is yung defamatory post mismo.
03:12Okay.
03:13Pangatlo,
03:14identifiable ba yung subject ng post?
03:17So, not necessarily,
03:18kahit di nasabi yung pangalan,
03:20pero ma-identify ng publiko?
03:21Yes.
03:22Maaring meron kang clues
03:23or based dun sa mga previous post
03:25yung taon na yun,
03:26ma-identify mo kung sinong tinutukoy niya
03:28dun sa post niya.
03:29That would be covered by cyber libel.
03:31Okay.
03:32Alimbawa,
03:33ako inakusahan ako
03:34na ako ay nag-cyber libel
03:36o nag-libel,
03:37pero may patunay ako
03:39na hindi ako naninirampuri.
03:41Is that a way
03:42para hindi ako makasuhan ng libel
03:44or cyber libel?
03:45Okay.
03:45That could be a defense.
03:46Okay.
03:47Pero, ang pagkakamaling ngayon,
03:49ang daming tao post ang post
03:50kasi akala nila,
03:51okay, tama yung sinasabi ko,
03:52so I'll post these matters online.
03:54Okay.
03:55Truth may be a defense
03:57in cyber libel.
03:58Pero, kung yung katotohanan na yun,
03:59mayroon kang motivo
04:00na siraan yung tao na yun,
04:02kahit totoo yung sinasabi mo,
04:04pwede kang kasuhan ng cyber libel.
04:06Okay.
04:06So, to determine yung truth na yun
04:08or to determine na ikaw ay talaga naninira,
04:11that would be examined by the judge.
04:13Yes.
04:13Kung mayroong ill motive,
04:14kung may motibo ka na manira,
04:16kaya mo sinasabi yung katotohanan.
04:18Okay.
04:19Sino ang mga pwedeng kasuhan?
04:21Sino ang mga pwedeng maapektuhan
04:24ng libel at cyber libel?
04:26Any person can find a case for cyber libel
04:28as long as ikaw yung siniraan,
04:30ikaw yung nagkaroon ng damage.
04:32Ang isa pa dito,
04:33ang ginagawa ng mga tao,
04:34nasa ibang bansa sila,
04:36Pinoy sila,
04:37pero yung tao na na-damage
04:39o siniraan nila nasa Pilipinas,
04:40akala nung mga Pinoy na nasa ibang bansa
04:42dahil nasa ibang bansa sila,
04:44wala ng jurisdiction ng Pilipinas,
04:46they can still be liable for cyber libel.
04:48In the Philippines,
04:49if the damage or the victim
04:51is in the Philippines.
04:52So, that person abroad
04:55will be attending the hearings dito sa Pilipinas?
04:57There can be a case filed against that person.
05:00Okay.
05:00Magkakaroon ng kaso dun sa tao na yun.
05:03So, depende na sa kanya
05:04kung paano niya sasagutin
05:05yung case na dito sa Philippines.
05:07Pero, pwede siyang naging liable sa Pilipinas.
05:10Kasi ang iba, iniisip nila
05:11dahil malayo sila,
05:12hindi nasa pwedeng magkakaso dito sa Pilipinas.
05:14Okay.
05:15May iba kasi nalilito
05:16akaroon na pag libel,
05:17automatic,
05:18sabihan lang kita
05:19ng paninirampuri
05:20ay libel na agad.
05:21If I'm not mistaken,
05:22attorney,
05:23there's a difference
05:24with defamation,
05:25slander,
05:26and libel.
05:26Okay.
05:27Yung oral defamation,
05:28halimbawa,
05:29tayong dalawa,
05:29may nakikinig na tao dito,
05:31siniraan kita.
05:32Okay.
05:32And malicious yun.
05:33Okay.
05:33Pangalawa, yung libel,
05:35yung ordinary libel,
05:36ito yung true writing.
05:38Okay.
05:38Usually, pag newspaper, etc.
05:40Pag cyber libel,
05:41you do defamation online.
05:43Okay.
05:43So, yung medium, basically.
05:45And the slander?
05:46Yung slander
05:47or oral defamation,
05:48same lang yan.
05:49Okay.
05:49Ayun.
05:49So, at least,
05:50malinaw sa ating mga ka-RSP yan.
05:52Kasi,
05:53ito,
05:53defamation,
05:55paninirampuri.
05:55So, ilang tao ba ang required
05:57para masabi natin na,
05:59uy, nasiraan niya ko?
06:00Okay.
06:01Isang tao lang.
06:02Okay.
06:02Isang tao lang is sufficient.
06:03Kaya,
06:04pag may presenta ka ng ebidensya,
06:05dapat mag-present ka ng witness
06:07na nakabasa,
06:09nakarinig,
06:09nung defamatory post
06:11or yung mga sinabi niya
06:12nung sinisiraan ka niya.
06:14Isang tao is sufficient.
06:15Considered as public na yun.
06:17Okay.
06:17You've mentioned
06:18malicious imputation.
06:21You've mentioned
06:22the defamatory statement.
06:23You've mentioned
06:24also the publication,
06:26identification.
06:27Yes.
06:27if I'm not mistaken,
06:28meron parang tinatawag ng
06:29malice in fact.
06:30Tapos,
06:31meron pa isang malice in...
06:32I forgot is the term.
06:34Ano yun, attorney?
06:35Ano to eh?
06:37Ito kasing cyber libel.
06:38Malong prohibiting to.
06:39Okay.
06:40So, meron ng presumption
06:41na meron kang malice
06:42pag ginawa mo yung defamatory post.
06:44Okay.
06:45But when you prosecute the same,
06:47it's also important for you
06:48to prove na may malicious intent.
06:50Okay.
06:50May motibo na siyaraan yung tao.
06:52Kasi,
06:52ang ibang depensa nga,
06:54hindi nagsasabi naman ako ng totoo.
06:55So, kahit saan tayo mapunta,
06:57ipaglalaban ko yun, di ba?
06:58But if you can prove na
07:00you have an ill motive
07:01kung bakit mo sinabi yung katotohanan na yun,
07:03then you can be liable
07:04for cyber libel
07:05or ordinary libel
07:06as the case may be.
07:07Okay.
07:08Ang mga Pilipino mahilig sa chismes yan.
07:10Kultura ng mga Pilipino nakikinig
07:12sa iba't ibang mga klase ng buhay
07:14ng mga public figures
07:16without even seeing the evidence in it.
07:18Hindi siya empirical
07:19in the evidence base.
07:20So, how do we...
07:22I mean,
07:23makita natin yung post
07:24so isang
07:25kinilang tao na ito,
07:26personality nito
07:27about a blind item
07:28na ay very identifiable.
07:31And then,
07:33alimbawa,
07:34sinabi niya may ebidensya siya,
07:36nilabas niyang ebidensya
07:37at yung ebidensya na yun
07:38was,
07:39nagunod sila,
07:40paano nakuha yun?
07:41So, it can be obtained illegally
07:43or whatsoever.
07:44Can that be used in the court
07:45as an evidence
07:46in case kailangan niyong patunayan
07:48na hindi siya naninira
07:49at ito ay totoo?
07:51Okay.
07:52Dun, papasok yung motibo.
07:54Okay.
07:54Your malicious intent.
07:56Okay.
07:56Unang-una,
07:57if you have evidence,
07:58if you have a case
07:59against that person,
08:00you can file a case in court
08:02and not use social media
08:03as a medium.
08:04Okay.
08:05So,
08:06maaring indikasyon yun
08:07na may motibo ka
08:08na siraan lang yung tao.
08:09Okay.
08:09Balik ako doon
08:10sa traditional writing.
08:12So, what kind of writing din
08:14tawag dito?
08:15Ito ba yung kahit
08:16graffiti lang,
08:17mag-post ka sa mga poste,
08:18at siniraan lang yung tao.
08:20Yes, yes.
08:20Kasama yun.
08:21Yes.
08:21Drawing.
08:22Yes, yes.
08:23How about theater plays?
08:25Yung plays, of course,
08:26that can be covered.
08:27Ano yun?
08:28Tinatawag yun na exemption.
08:29Okay.
08:30Kasi freedom of speech yun.
08:31Pero, syempre meron
08:32the exemption.
08:33May limitation din.
08:34Limitation din.
08:35Obscenity for instance.
08:37Pero, kailan natin pwedeng sabihin
08:39that there's a proof
08:40na may paninira rin doon
08:41on those kinds of plays as well
08:43or other kinds of writing
08:44or publications?
08:45At sino ang dapat naapektuan ito?
08:47Producer?
08:48Actor?
08:49Iba-ibang ebidensya.
08:51Okay.
08:51Una-una,
08:52previous history.
08:53Or, ito bang tao na to,
08:55meron na ba siyang ginawa
08:56na para ipakita yung galit niya
08:59Okay.
09:00sa isang tao.
09:01Ito yung iba-ibang klase
09:02na ebidensya na pwede natin
09:03i-submit sa korte
09:05para i-prove na may motibo
09:07na siyaraan
09:08yung specific person.
09:09Okay, attorney.
09:11Alimbawa, ako,
09:12I'm a TV host
09:13and then the,
09:14one of the boss,
09:15for instance, said
09:16na ito yung balita ko
09:17for the day
09:18at mali yung balit
09:19ang sinabi ko
09:19at yung taong nandoon
09:21ay gusto mag-file ng case.
09:23Alimbawa lamang.
09:24Personal note.
09:25Personal note.
09:26Hypothetical lamang.
09:27Ano ang pwedeng gawin
09:29nung siniraan
09:32or nung gusto mag-file
09:33ng libel?
09:33Sinong kakasuhan niya?
09:35Yung mismong personality
09:38na doon
09:39o yung producer mismo
09:40o yung boss
09:41nung mismong programa?
09:42Of course,
09:44defense yun.
09:44Strategy yun
09:45ng victim.
09:46Of course,
09:47kung ako yung lawyer,
09:48I will sue everyone
09:49who's involved
09:50in the production
09:51of that news.
09:52Pero,
09:53ang defense naman
09:54ng, for example,
09:55ng isang news channel
09:56is may yung tayong tinatawag
09:58ng absolute privilege.
09:59Okay.
09:59Kung ito yung factual information,
10:01yung reporting
10:02of news item
10:03covered yun ng,
10:05of course,
10:05absolute privilege
10:06under the libel laws.
10:08Okay.
10:09You've mentioned about
10:09privilege communication.
10:11There are some kinds of
10:12privilege communications
10:13like attorney-client privilege,
10:15doctor-patient communication.
10:26Can that be also a ground
10:28for libel as well?
10:29That can be a ground
10:30for another crime.
10:31Okay.
10:32So, ibig sabihin yung lawyer,
10:33yung doctor,
10:34can be libel for other crimes.
10:35Okay.
10:36Because they violated
10:37the privilege communication
10:38between the doctor and client
10:40and also the lawyer and the client.
10:41Okay, attorney,
10:42paulalan na lang po
10:43para sa mga taong dapat
10:45maiwasan ang paggamit
10:46ng paninirang puri
10:48sa ibang tao,
10:50kahit isang tao pala
10:51ay pwede kang makasuhan ng libel.
10:53Your advice to us, attorney?
10:54Una-una,
10:55you have to verify facts.
10:57Okay.
10:58Of course,
10:58sometimes masyado tayong emosyonal,
11:00lala lang ngayon
11:00sa usapang politika
11:02at saka showbiz.
11:03We have to verify
11:04yung mga nagiginig natin.
11:06And of course,
11:06sabi nga ni Pia,
11:08you take before you click.
11:09Okay.
11:10Be responsible.
11:11Cliché as it may sound.
11:13Yes.
11:13Okay.
11:13Kung sisirang kitang yung attorney,
11:15kakasuhan mo ba ako?
11:16Hindi.
11:16Hindi naman manisyoso.
11:18Kasi magkibig mo.
11:18Hindi manisyoso.
11:20Maraming salamat po.
11:21At sorry ni Ruel Ilagan
11:22sa inyong malinaw
11:23at makabulawang paliwanag
11:24tungkol sa libel
11:25at cyber libel.
11:27At sa ating mga ka-RSP,
11:29paalala lamang po
11:30na maging responsable tayo
11:32sa bawat posts,
11:33comment,
11:33at share online.
11:35Tandaan natin
11:36ng ating mga salita
11:37ay may kaakibat
11:38na pananagutan
11:39sa ilalim ng batas.
11:41At dahil sa doon na lahat,
11:43ang tanong ay dapat
11:46legal ba?
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