- 11 hours ago
Egypt with Dan Snow S01E03
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00:00موسيقى
00:03موسيقى عندما أجراء من الأجراء المعرفة للغاية
00:07أجراء
00:09أجراء من الأجراء الذي يحذر بحياتي
00:12أحياني أجراء عبادة لطرق
00:15وفوضع المقاومة للغاية المكاذب
00:18وفوضع بعض الأجراء المملكة في الافتراضي
00:21وفوضع لفتراضي من هذا مجرد للغاية
00:30من الأشياء المتابعة والمتابعة والمتابعة والمتابعة والمتابعة
00:37أستطيع أن أفعله كل شيء
00:55سألسلني
00:57the wonders of Luxor and the Valley of the Kings
01:00and gone way down south to Aswan
01:04now my journey ends here in Egypt's capital city, Cairo
01:08an incredible full-on mix of ancient and modern
01:11all capped off by the most famous wonder of the world
01:15the pyramids
01:18okay so I've gone for a little stroll out in the hotel
01:21you are immediately fixed to a bit of a challenge
01:23which is Cairo traffic
01:24I'm heading to the old market
01:27لا ترد مرحلة ، أ أرى أن ترد مريضا.
01:33والإنسان تريد أن تحرقك بأن تحرقك للنزل على المعلومات إلى المريضة.
01:40نحن مرحل. أعتقد أنني أكون مرحل.
01:44وحن نريد.
01:45أنت نظيف.
01:46سحر العامة فيها أمام أكثر.
01:52كل القيام بحديث هنا.
01:54إنه مجدداً جميعاً.
01:55مع حدث في الوصول 23 مليون من المشكلة
02:00تصبح مجدداً لنظاماً.
02:03إنه مجدداً لنظاماً جداً لنظاماً.
02:06مالذي الملوطة الثالث في المنظامة هنا
02:07هي مجدداً لنظاماً لنظاماً.
02:12أجلسك أن تصبح أحد الأساسي مجدداً للقناة.
02:16حسنًا، هذا مجدداً.
02:18ولكن من الناس من الناس،
02:20هذا هو في حيث سيطالي.
02:21مقابل
02:24مقابل
02:28مقابل
02:30مقابل
02:31تحضيره
02:32مكان مكان
02:35مكان مكان يتجد كل من
02:38برآلت
02:40تدريكي
02:42تلحابي
02:43ومسا لا
02:45يوجد
02:47هناك مجلس
02:49كيف ألا أتف trying تنظر إليك كيليا
02:52الآن أومادية لـ الحيني جيليا
02:53على ظهر هذه المعرقه
02:54تراجه من في الناس
02:56في المستعبطة
03:01لايوميًا
03:02تريطيش أيضًا
03:03قبلاً، في دروس صلاحديًا
03:07في هذه الحينيطго
03:08كورو بليه
03:08أدول وأرتكار
03:11حسنًا?
03:12أعطي الأمر
03:13أميره
03:14أميره
03:14أميره
03:14شكراً
03:17شكراً
03:18شكراً
03:18ذهب ففؤا دير قواني لديك
03:27من وجود قص Spot
03:421797
03:43لا أبدأ كلمة
03:45.
03:47الفشاوية
03:48.
03:48.
03:48في الحلقة
03:52.
03:53.
03:53.
03:53.
03:53.
03:54.
03:54من فضلك من الشرطات
03:57من قرره مددحار جاهزة
03:57لذلك أنا قلت بالتالج من أجد
04:01أننا وعدت من المفيدة
04:01لبيل رجالا وي Oktober
04:03أجد أجد أجد
04:05أجد أجد أجد
04:07والميين وعدت معاها
04:09لقد كنت محترم جداً
04:12وحكوب أنني وحكوبا وحكوبا
04:14أنجتها
04:14وحكوبا
04:16يحبب التهودي
04:17ويحبب التحسل
04:17ويحبب كل شيء
04:17أنه حسناً ملت دارة
04:23أو kafوكوبا
04:25والمكتظام
04:26أمع الا مفرورات
04:29ولقد كنت يتمنى
04:30ومحاياً
04:31بالسرطة عميزة
04:35وانت فعلت
04:36الهيئة
04:36منذ تقليل
04:37نبيك تلك
04:39دعني جبرني في بعض من ذلك
04:40انظر حقوق مع بعض الأشخاص
04:42هناك الكهودي
04:44مجموعة
04:47بمر جددا
04:48في قلع عيزة
04:48بمركت يظهر كذلك
04:52لقد لم يكن توجه موجوداً
04:53لذلك
04:55أرغب في شخص
04:59وفاقي
05:01وفق العيزة
05:02على خطار الأصب
05:05أعتقد أنها تبدأ
05:07الفشأوي
05:08إذنان ، أستغرق في مكفوك فرص في مجتمع جزء وشيكي
05:38فى هذا الصحيح
05:40حاليا
05:40يحبت طرقه
05:42فى هancia جيدة
05:45بالاستحارة
05:46هذه فى صالحك
05:52خوفي
05:54مرحضوا
05:54هو وضع
05:55مشكلت حذوب
06:01إنه في صنع
06:03أما هي بحالة
06:04مرت وجود؟
06:06إن غير صحيح
06:08إنه بعض الوحضة
06:08كم 유�らق دينها
06:10إنها
06:11من السعن
06:14تعالى
06:16في الأنفذ
06:18إنه من جيد ألعاب
06:19إنه مرحب بانتغرير
06:21ليس ليس من هذا السمي
06:23فبله
06:23هذا المرحب
06:24لك أول مريض
06:26المرحب
06:27على المنة
06:27في المرحب
06:28أما هي
06:29كما هي
06:30جدديان
06:30إليه
06:31سائل
06:31icher أنه على نفس السلطرة من المش utilise
06:35أنظر وقمتائها الكثير من المعارضة في المقاومة
06:39في ردع المكاومة على التسريمات الضبوري
06:40ورّبات أجل السلطرة لكما تكون بإمكانه
06:45شكرا صارية السيلة
06:55والممتازل
06:57صابعاً
07:28that's a good sign and i'm glad to see there's still fish in this river
07:31some of the earliest images that we have in Egyptian civilization
07:34are images of boats
07:36boats were everything the Nile is everything
07:39and yet the river was a great mystery
07:42it's so amazing to think the ancient egyptians revered this river
07:45they depended on it and lived on
07:46but they didn't know where it came from
07:48it was just this never ending
07:50wall of water that came down
07:52only very recently in the last couple hundred years
07:54have we worked it out
07:54we now know
07:56إنه أكثر 4,000 ميليا
07:58أكثر من المرحلة في العالم
08:00أكثر من العالم
08:00إنه مجرد من العالم
08:02تجريبًا
08:0395% من البيتسة 120 ميليا
08:08يتبعون على المنزل
08:10تقليل إلى مقارنة صفحة فرطة لدى مدينة
08:14موجود من المكان
08:16تجريبًا بشكل مكتب
08:17بشكل مكتب
08:20ولكن يتبعون في المنزل
08:23من منذ من أجل تنزل
08:24من الثاني من نظرات
08:26إيجيط
08:28لتريق
08:29إزالي
08:30لنهاي
08:33من الكيروس
08:36هذا الوحيد
08:36في نهاية حالة
08:38من حيث
08:38من حيث
08:39من رجل
08:39من أمور
08:40من أمور
08:40من أمور
08:40ومع أن ترى
08:42لنهايك
08:45هناك
08:47من يظل
08:50من ربعاً
08:52من يظل
08:52جاء الآن لست جائعا أمسنا
08:55أمون تنتظر لي كذلك
09:00أمون تريد كذلك
09:04من تفضل عدد
09:12أنبتون منها سرى
09:17people have been rowing on this river that we know about
09:21for sure for well over 5000 years
09:27that's a cool tradition very good
09:32that brings it back she's really good at number three
09:37this is so great to see all the activity going on the banks
09:40on the water the Nile is still alive it's great
09:44ممتاز مبيعيًا!
09:45ما امرأة طريقة طريقة حيثيتي في الولي.
09:57النمائي الثاني في اليوم ويقوم بإمكانك انتعا أميو بجرد.
10:00واحدة طريقة أشياء أني أردتكي بيضا مني وصفة مريضا
10:04إنه تعيب المرة أمور ولد.
10:06أحيانا أحيانا.
10:07أحيانا، مجرد أن يسرى بها،
10:09أحيانا الزواجهات،
10:09أحيانا لّقاء طريقية.
10:10فكل معروضي يش争 تلك هناك dan تحضر مباشرة معقل توجد الأشياء
10:16لحظة كيف روم رأس مرحلة
10:20وأنتما يجب أن يحسرون أصدقائيнок
10:22صحيح لديهم في اليوم جاهزين
10:27بعض هذه الأشياء شيئًا
10:32جارًا هناك أيضا
10:34يبدو جداً
10:35جميعًا سيئلة لست مجرد
10:37في العدد من المنزل ي بنفسها
10:38موتيشة تباريخي
10:40هناك لا يوجد شيئاً
10:42لا يوجد في المعارضة
10:43المملكة الأمام في المنطقة
10:46لكن إنه يجب أن يجب أن يجب أن ترى في مقابلين
10:50أريد أن ترى إلى مقابلين
10:57المتحدى الميليات
10:59مجيزة
11:00أمام المعارضة على الأرض
11:03far behind Stack Henge
11:05about the time stonehenge
11:08was being hauled into position
11:09and there were still mammoths left on earth
11:12these were built
11:13they are so recognizable
11:16they are so iconic
11:17you have seen this view a million times
11:20on TV and in books
11:22and yet when you are here
11:24and you look at them
11:25it is totally overwhelming
11:29just
11:32impossibly old
11:33تحييبا بصفة كبيرة
11:34تحييبا بجمع هذه المنزلة تحييبا
11:39في كل مكان في العالم
11:41يتحيبا بجمع بيشة قائمة
11:43تحييبا بجمع الأمر
11:51المنزلة تقلق أحييانا
11:55تقلق أحييانا
11:56تقلق أحييانا
11:59من أجل تقلق أحيانا
12:03ويبدوا من المشكلة يبدو من هنا
12:04ومن الآن يبدو الناس يبدو على هذه المكان
12:08يبدو أن يبدو المناسب
12:09ويبدو يبدو بمشكل مرحبا
12:11مرحبا
12:14يبدو الناس بتوطيئ
12:16أليس أحضر الناس
12:20تحضر الكثير من المدين
12:21إلى التريد من البيرب
12:22بعد حول
12:24فرحصاً
12:24في الانتوني
12:26إلى نظري الكثير من المطلوب
12:28هذه هي أحداً المملكة التي أ أغفر فيها
12:30ويحصل على مدينة معاً من المدينة
12:35إنه صاريخ؟
12:37إنه، أليس
12:50أميه في جديد منيجبتان في كيرو
12:54ويحصل على مدينة مباشرة
12:55المباشرة
12:56المترجمات المترجمات بقية
13:27إذا فالإجبت سنجد طفل المعجموعة يجب عليك أن تبعني كل شيء يجب عليك
13:33تتعلم حياته
13:36وكذلك يجب عليك أن تبعه على أكبر أكبر
13:40حسناً، كيف يجب عليك أن تبعه البيئ؟
13:43إذا كنت تبعه البيئيس هو سلطة سلطة كبيرة
13:47يجب عليك بعض المعجمات على طفل معاكم
13:48لأنه يجب عليك العقلية والمعجمات على طفل الهدى
13:51تساعدك جزءًا الروح
13:53عامل الخير يجب فتح
13:55تحويك بما يزالي
13:56و من هنا يمكنكم أن تكوني هم الكثير من المطلوب
13:59إنه جميع جداً
14:01بسرع مع
14:02من الأشارك النتالية
14:05قدل من أجت هذا الموضوع
14:07كذلك كذلك الشبابية
14:09كذلك من أولاً أشياء المخلوات
14:12خلال كُفر
14:13حين المباشرين لكثالي عامة
14:15أجل
14:17أصبحت للمنزلين المنزلين
14:20ومالك تالي أصبحت
14:23فى صباحة أصبحت
14:25فى مباشرين
14:25كذلك أصبحت مدينة
14:29أصبحت أصبحت تلقى
14:31أصبحت أصبحت مباشرة
14:32أصبحت على أصبحت مدينة
14:37تلك تغيير كبيرة فيه
15:0720ż things that workers would have had to late one colossal block roughly every 2 2 3 minutes 12
15:14hours a day every day for 20 years an extraordinary feat of organization engineering and human effort
15:24and it wasn't just scale that was important to the ancient egyptians but the finished look
15:28too and you can see the top of that one is all smooth so with these all have been smooth
15:33side
15:33موسيقى الهواء الجيدة أدتها في مقابل ، جزيلاً جداً
15:37تقلق ساشت مقابل، جودة جداً جداً
15:43يعني كلها موجودة لاحظة تسجيل الأشعار
15:47تجمز نقاط لهائية جداً جداً
15:48قلق بعض فلسفل واحدة تلك فالكربعة منذ يوجود معهم
15:52سيكون الأشبار كلمتبون
15:55أحضر الأشعرى في الآن
15:57وأحب الأشياء القفافة والقلوبية لأمثال
16:00بالموسيقى القدوم لهم
16:03وهذا مصدر مؤسسة.
16:05مصدر مقابلين.
16:06تلعبات شراء 2,500 عام بعد المنزل المصدرين.
16:13تلعبوا بالقصدر إلى المنزل من المنزل الى الغمانية
16:17وضعوا بجانباتها.
16:20فترة ذلك، تلعبوا سطلون على المنزل المنزل
16:24ومشاركت في مستوى الوصول.
16:26لكن كيرو يتصبح مما كبيرا
16:29لم يكن من ترسل الحسابي
16:29حينما كان على اشترك حينما كانت ترسل مجرمز
16:56المترجم للقناة
16:57المترجم للقناة
16:59المترجم للقناة
16:59ولكن أحبت ايضاً
17:01مجرمي المترجم للقناة
17:05منك أن نكون سيئاً
17:06موجودون في الوصول
17:07إلى المترجم للقناة
17:10في نهاية المترجم للقناة
17:10على المنزل
17:11وأن أجل لديه محاولة
17:14ما سيكون تبطل
17:17محاولة خلاله؟
17:19ترحبه؟
17:19ألعى تقلبيك خاصة ثاني لديك هي رجالة
17:23فأنت سأتي في المنزل حوالي
17:25ولكن لديه مرة أخرى
17:28مرة أضانية
17:30تقلبيك
17:32تصديقنا أهل تس لكي أشعرًا
17:34أشعرًا
17:35نعم
17:35اشعر مات
17:41تلك العبورة
17:42هذه العبورة التعوناس
17:44تبقى حوالي تدري مسارة
17:48أريد أن أجلتك تجربة هنا.
17:51أعتقد أنه سيكون قدرات أكثر.
17:53لن تتجربة قدرى عليك الصباح الأخرى.
17:57أفضل تستجربة لمدة جدا.
18:01أو أفضل.
18:04حينينا.
18:05أمعك سيئني أمعه، أمعه.
18:07أمعون أمع كل شخص.
18:09حينينا.
18:12نحن نحن نتجربة طويلة قبل 40 أفضل قدرسي قدر.
18:16مجرد أن نفعلهم يمكن أن ينزل شيء هذا الشيء في القناة
18:22إلى هذا المدرس مجرد.
18:24لماذا يفعل ذلك بأي؟
18:26إنه مجرد أن يكلم في قناة المعنى,
18:28بسيطة أن تستطيع أن نحن الأمور بشكل مستقر.
18:34إنه مجرد أن نحن المزيدة.
18:35تجربة المنزل لم تحتاجة المسلسل.
18:38تحتاجة الإنسانات المتحدة،
18:40المترجم الاجتماعي، استخدار بشهرات التغفية والعظمات المختلفة
18:45والمترجم الى حين مقدار بشكل مقاطع في دائما.
18:51إنه سوء وربح وراءا هناك إذا لا يمكنني أتفاقًا سواء.
18:57لكن المترجم الاجتماعي، والأسفل هي محلولة مما.
19:00هذه هي مجموعة المترجم من الحالي في العامة.
19:08موسيقى
19:10موسيقى
19:10تحبون جدا
19:11موسيقى
19:11موسيقى
19:12التي تدخل الهراء
19:14للتعامل
19:14موسيقى
19:16ربما
19:18وجد
19:25موسيقى
19:26موسيقى
19:29ومزحة جزالية
19:32وبالي حراء تحصل الى الان بطريقة
19:35هذه المخلصة
19:35تطبيق وأبدا
19:36ومزحة جزالية
19:37ومزحة جزالية
19:39يمزحة جزالية
19:39وما تريد أن يساعدك
19:40على المخلصات
19:41تسيطيري
19:42السبب
19:43المجلية يمزحة بأسوال أكثر
19:47مزحة جزالية
19:57شركة مواجهتن حتى الزادة
20:00إنه خطر حظة أخوانة جداً
20:02مني لففتك أمتان الوقت
20:05هذه العلوم تنمت Goddess
20:08المترجمات من حيثتناً
20:12إن اشتركوا في القناة
20:12يدون بkteرين في 2026
20:14و جاءت فنى هذا
20:15تكون من الإجتماعاً
20:17كما ٩٠، نعم، نعم، نعم، ببقى
20:20موجودة العملية بتزيير من الأمور وحديث القناة
20:23هل موتى – أقرأي هذا؟
20:26هذا ، أمور وحدي، ألتعلم طيب
20:27تنسى طيب vaig ليس فقط
20:29لقد أسفتح كل شيء هنا
20:31يهتم خطهندس
20:33هذا الى الحادثة سنة في أي المشاركة
20:36لا يحدث في أي مجدد الدولة
20:37ألتك تدخل في المعروف
20:40إذا لم أشرف كم هنالك
20:41موجودا لم يجب أن يكون أمتلك
20:43من خلال نبط
20:45نعم نعم لجلسين جينيار
20:47نعم قال لإلنا بإلنا وفضان
20:48تعالشي. كذلكم جزيبه.
20:52ليس لعل أي مكفينة
20:55هذا أغالى يدونني ألا يمكنني تحييلي
20:59صحيح دون، فإن ذلك دونها
21:01إذاً، لكن قوية، هذا خواره
21:02محجلسة
21:03ملتينيشر
21:05أفضل النظر نحوظ
21:06أفرح وترقص يدرسلح
21:08في مكان الهاتف
21:09ترقص
21:11هناك
21:12أفضل المهادل
21:14هذه النظر
21:16الأول
21:17السميلي
21:21كفوز II, the king's chamber.
21:24The top of the pyramid is over 90 meters above us.
21:28Unlike the rest of the limestone structure, this room is all granite.
21:33Each block weighs more than a fully loaded lorry
21:36and was transported here from hundreds of miles away.
21:39That is the size of these blocks on the ceiling and on the floor.
21:44Absolutely enormous.
21:45Is this the sarcophagus?
21:47It is, yeah.
21:48So the body of the pharaoh would have been here.
21:49This is where كفو would have been, yeah.
21:51And that wouldn't fit up there.
21:53So presumably this was pretty much built in situ.
21:56This one, there was daylight once and they covered it all up.
21:58Yeah, it's very possible.
22:00You know, you don't need to introduce the mummy until the very end.
22:03The sarcophagus maybe, though, can go in, you know,
22:05as part of the construction process, as you say.
22:07I love the way it glistens here.
22:09You can see these little frames.
22:09Yeah, yeah, absolutely.
22:10And if you just look inside, where it catches the light,
22:15see it's super polished inside, absolutely perfect.
22:20And it's still polished, you know, best part of 5,000 years later.
22:24When this room was built, Britain was still in the late Stone Age
22:28and the great civilisations of Rome and Greece
22:31were still hundreds of years in the future.
22:34So this is where the most powerful man in the world ends his days.
22:38Exactly.
22:39It's funny, isn't it?
22:40You know, it all boils down to this.
22:42This enormous pyramid, this whole huge effort,
22:44and in the end there is just a guy.
22:46Just a guy in a box.
22:46Yeah, exactly.
22:47I think I owe you a beer.
22:49That would be good to Dan Fessilis.
22:50Let's crawl out, get back to the fresh air.
22:53What a place.
22:57That was a memorable day.
22:59Yeah.
23:03So, as another busy day of exploring draws to a close,
23:07I take a moment to reflect on what a wonderful and surprising city Cairo is.
23:13So this city looks pretty amazing at dusk.
23:16Just as the sunlight is fading from that horizon
23:19and all the lights are coming up,
23:21as the sun was going down,
23:23it was illuminating the pyramids just over there.
23:26That's the thing.
23:27I'm beginning to think Cairo has it all,
23:28because it's got that energy.
23:30It's got the old city here.
23:31and then, not far away,
23:34one of the most spectacular structures on earth.
23:37Love going to see those
23:39just truly, truly wonders of the world.
23:44Coming up,
23:45I discover a surprising historical connection
23:48between Cairo and Britain.
23:50This is where the SAS were formed.
23:54Some awesome local luxury.
23:56What a contrast.
23:58Not a car horn or a car engine to be heard.
24:01An investigator.
24:03One of Egypt's most iconic faces.
24:06It's the Sphinx.
24:18I've seen the pyramids
24:20and sailed down the Nile.
24:22But if you spend any time in Egypt,
24:24you soon realize food is a national obsession.
24:28And so I want to try out some of Cairo's finest.
24:32Who better to help me than Leila Hassabala,
24:35who runs her own food tour company.
24:38We're kicking off at a Cairo institution.
24:41This dish is, you know,
24:44the one dish you absolutely have to try
24:46when you come to Egypt.
24:48Koshari is Egypt's national dish.
24:50A mix of pasta, rice, lentils, chickpeas, and onions
24:55mixed with a rich tomato sauce.
24:57It's fast, cheap, and filling.
25:00The nation's favorite comfort dish.
25:03And Amu Tarek is the place to come and try it.
25:07Food is just such a great way to get to know a place.
25:09Especially when you're eating amongst the locals
25:12or what the locals actually eat.
25:14Koshari is loved by everyone,
25:16from builders to bankers.
25:18But what will I make of it?
25:20I feel this is a lot of a big audience here.
25:23I feel it's a big moment.
25:25Okay, stand by.
25:26Yes, there you go.
25:27Ready?
25:28Nice big spoonful of Koshari.
25:34Delicious.
25:35Isn't it so good?
25:36Amazing.
25:37Yeah.
25:37Thank you.
25:38And you can smell the sauce, like, in the place.
25:40You can smell how everything's, like, you know,
25:43you've got the garlic and the onion.
25:44Wow, yeah, you can.
25:45It's the ideal fusion of East and West.
25:48What a thing.
25:49Yeah.
25:50As we're eating upstairs,
25:51the queue for takeaways downstairs just grows bigger.
25:54Every lunchtime, this is one of the best shows in town.
26:04Overlooking diners is the handsome face of Abu Tarek,
26:08the man who gave this multi-story restaurant its name.
26:11He started out with just a humble food cart in the 1950s
26:15and finally became the king of Koshari.
26:19and it's still run by his family.
26:21So this is a real institution in Egypt?
26:24Absolutely.
26:25I mean, the locals love this dish.
26:28It's a part of, you know, street culture here.
26:31We're so proud to have it.
26:32It's up there with fish and chips.
26:35Well, after my tasty lunch,
26:37I need to burn off some of those carbs.
26:39I'm not sure what I was expecting with Cairo,
26:42but I don't think it was this.
26:45It's beautiful.
26:47A century and a half ago,
26:49Egypt's ruler visited Paris
26:50and came home determined to recreate it here.
26:54The result?
26:55Wide boulevards,
26:56grand apartment blocks,
26:58and a slice of Europe on the Nile.
27:05I love this part of downtown Cairo.
27:07All these old buildings,
27:08their balconies and shutters.
27:10But 80 years ago,
27:11these streets would have been crawling
27:13with men in uniform.
27:15It's letting my imagination run wild
27:17because Cairo was the centre of the British war effort
27:20for the Middle East and North Africa
27:22during the Second World War.
27:24Cairo was critical,
27:25standing between the advancing Germans
27:27and the Suez Canal.
27:31This is where the SAS were formed
27:35and went on those first daring missions
27:38into behind enemy lines in North Africa.
27:40It was here in Cairo that David Stirling,
27:44a young Scots guard officer,
27:46reportedly came up with his radical idea
27:48of a small mobile unit
27:50that would cause havoc deep behind enemy lines.
27:53The original rogue heroes.
27:57And it wasn't just the SAS
27:58that planned missions from this city,
28:00but also British-run secret agents.
28:04This building, I think, here
28:05was actually taken over by the SOE,
28:09Churchill's Secret Army,
28:10the Secret Operations Executive,
28:11and they would put agents
28:13into all the Nazi-occupied countries
28:15of North Africa and Europe,
28:17try and carry out sabotage
28:20and gain intelligence.
28:22A lot of very, very brave agents
28:24would have passed through these doors
28:26and received their instructions here.
28:29And many of those men and women
28:32would never have made it back
28:34to Allied lines.
28:41The Second World War shook Cairo,
28:44but for most of Egypt's past,
28:46the real drama wasn't war.
28:48It was the ebb and flow of the Nile.
28:51For thousands of years,
28:53everything in Egypt depended
28:54on the annual flood of the river
28:56for a good harvest.
28:57But the water level was critical.
29:00Too low meant famine.
29:01Too high, disaster.
29:04So the clever ancient Egyptians
29:06built an ingenious device
29:07to help them predict
29:08the upcoming water levels.
29:11And it wasn't just the farmers
29:13who wanted to know.
29:14It was the local officials, too.
29:17Absolutely massive.
29:19You can hardly see the bottom.
29:21I had no idea it would be so deep.
29:25That is huge.
29:27Let's go take a look.
29:29This is called a nilometer.
29:32It was connected to the Nile
29:33by underground tunnels.
29:35When the annual floods came,
29:37water would flow naturally into this space
29:39and start filling it up.
29:41The central column measured
29:43the water level of the river,
29:44a bit like a massive dipstick.
29:47This nilometer is more than 1,000 years old.
29:50But we know the ancient Egyptians
29:52were using something similar
29:534,000 years ago.
29:56Wow, it goes on forever.
29:58It's great.
30:01As you get lower and lower,
30:02you can see
30:05where the Nile has flooded each year
30:08and it's left out sediment on these walls.
30:11Look at this,
30:11these little tiny steps here.
30:14I love it.
30:16Of course,
30:17these days,
30:17it's bone dry in here.
30:19Since the Aswan Dam
30:20was built back in the 1960s,
30:22the Nile no longer floods.
30:24But at the time of the pharaohs,
30:26a nilometer was critical.
30:28The Nile would have flowed up through here,
30:31rising and falling in the seasons.
30:33These are the units of measurement.
30:34These must be cubits.
30:36The ancient Egyptians
30:37used the cubit,
30:38the length from your elbow
30:39to your fingertips,
30:40as their basic unit of measurement.
30:43And it was used to build everything
30:44from temples to pyramids.
30:46Or in this case,
30:47to measure the height
30:48of the flood water.
30:50And so you go,
30:52well, one,
30:52and then two,
30:53three, four,
30:54all the way to the top.
30:55It was very precise.
30:56If the river was at 14 cubits,
31:00that was barely enough.
31:01That was fine.
31:02Anything less than that disaster,
31:03it's going to be a drought.
31:04The fields aren't going to get irrigated.
31:07Then 15, 16, 17,
31:09good harvests.
31:1117, bump a year.
31:1218 cubits,
31:13too high,
31:14because you're going to get
31:15widespread flooding,
31:17towns and villages.
31:18We should say,
31:18this wasn't being done
31:19from the goodness of their hearts,
31:21you know,
31:21just for scientific interests.
31:22This would be
31:23the pharaohs
31:24and the rulers of Egypt
31:25all the way through its history.
31:26they want to know
31:27how much money
31:28they could tax
31:29the farmers
31:30so they could say,
31:31hey, it's been a good year.
31:32We know it's been a good year.
31:33The numbers are that level.
31:34So pay up.
31:37So there you go.
31:39It's always about tax,
31:40isn't it?
31:43Back up all those steps again.
31:46I'm ready for a drink
31:47and a sit-down.
31:48So I'm heading across town
31:50to one of Cairo's quieter quarters,
31:53the diplomatic quarter,
31:54home to embassies,
31:55officials,
31:56and a hidden gem.
31:58Villa Bel-Epop
32:00proudly claims to be
32:02Egypt's first boutique hotel.
32:04Opened since 2009,
32:06the gardens are full of mango trees,
32:08olives, and palms.
32:10The main building
32:11dates back to the 1920s
32:13and was apparently
32:14once home to a British lord.
32:17The rooms certainly
32:18have a colonial feel to them.
32:20Next time,
32:20I think I'm going to stay here.
32:21But for now,
32:22I'm just going to enjoy
32:23the tranquility
32:24away from the hustle and bustle.
32:34What a contrast.
32:36An oasis surrounded by flowers
32:38and birdsong.
32:40Not a car horn
32:42or a car engine
32:43to be heard.
32:45Just a little corner of quiet
32:47in a city
32:48of tens of millions of people.
32:49You go from having
32:50your senses assaulted
32:53having a quiet drink
32:55in a beautiful garden.
33:02Feeling suitably recharged
33:04and with the heat
33:05of the day passed,
33:06I'm heading out
33:07towards the desert again
33:08for an appointment
33:09with a well-known face.
33:12just when you think
33:14the pyramids
33:14have stolen the show,
33:16there's another giant here
33:17quietly keeping watch.
33:20It is one of ancient Egypt's
33:22most enigmatic objects,
33:23a beautiful,
33:25mysterious sculpture
33:26that has entranced
33:28visitors to the pyramids
33:30for thousands of years.
33:32It is a riddle.
33:34It's the Sphinx.
33:36It can be a bit overshadowed
33:37by the pyramids behind it,
33:39but the Sphinx
33:40is a remarkable monument
33:41in its own right.
33:4370 metres long,
33:4520 metres tall,
33:46the size of a passenger jet,
33:48with a face
33:49as big as a car,
33:50it's the largest
33:51ancient sculpture
33:52of its kind
33:53on Earth.
33:54Unlike the pyramids,
33:56it wasn't built
33:57out of massive blocks.
33:59The intriguing thing
34:00about the Sphinx
34:01is that it is one piece.
34:02it is carved in its entirety
34:05from the limestone bedrock,
34:07from the living rock.
34:08It's unlike anything else
34:10found in ancient Egypt.
34:12And there's that
34:13very, very particular style.
34:16There's the head of a human,
34:18the body of a lion
34:20sitting prone,
34:21its forelegs stretching out
34:23to its paws
34:24right in front of it.
34:25It is a marvel.
34:27We think it was built
34:28for the pharaoh Khafre
34:29around 4,500 years ago.
34:31It's his pyramid
34:32that lies behind
34:33the Sphinx.
34:34Incredibly,
34:35there are still traces
34:36of pigment on it
34:37that give us a clue
34:38it would once have been
34:39painted in bright colours.
34:41But with no inscriptions,
34:43we're none the wiser
34:44as to why it was built.
34:47This has got to be
34:48one of the greatest
34:49spots in the world,
34:51literally standing
34:52in the shadow
34:53of the Sphinx
34:54and the pyramid beyond
34:56which the Sphinx
34:57guards and watches over.
35:00And what I love about it
35:01is that for all the
35:03archaeology
35:03and all the research,
35:05we're still so unsure
35:07about exactly
35:08what it is
35:09and what it means.
35:10It remains an enigma.
35:14Coming next,
35:15the only way is up.
35:17What is it with high
35:19historic buildings?
35:20I find myself
35:21always heading to the top.
35:23And I'm learning
35:24even more
35:24about this amazing city.
35:275,000 years of history
35:28in one view here.
35:44When we think of Egypt,
35:45it's usually
35:46the ancient Egyptians
35:47we think about.
35:48The temples,
35:49the pharaohs,
35:50the treasure-filled tombs.
35:51And remarkable
35:52though that is,
35:53there's so much more
35:54to be discovered.
35:58So before I leave Cairo,
36:00there is one place
36:01I'm desperate
36:01to explore more.
36:03The Old City.
36:04A thousand-year-old maze
36:05of ancient markets,
36:07alleys and workshops.
36:13Magnificent buildings
36:14tower above you
36:15while hiding behind
36:16doorways
36:17are tranquil courtyard
36:18and elegant mansions.
36:21Even today,
36:22the Old City
36:23is divided
36:24into distinct areas.
36:26This alleyway
36:27has specialized
36:27in textiles
36:28for centuries.
36:29Historically,
36:30it made the
36:31hand-stitched
36:32canvas panels
36:33used on tents.
36:34And it's known
36:35as Tentmaker's Street.
36:37This is so much
36:38more fun
36:39than going
36:39to the supermarket.
36:41There are still
36:41a few master craftsmen
36:43keeping the intricate
36:45tradition alive.
36:46As-salamu alaykum.
36:47As-salamu alaykum.
36:48How are you doing?
36:49I am fine.
36:50Good to see you.
36:51How much is this?
36:52like this one
36:53maybe it's $200.
36:54$200?
36:55Yeah, maybe
36:56one month's work.
36:57Is that handmade?
36:58Yeah, handmade.
36:58By you?
36:59One month?
37:00Yes.
37:00I am finished now
37:01in this one.
37:02Okay.
37:02Is this Egyptian design?
37:04Yeah, yeah.
37:05This is Egyptian design.
37:06And I have
37:06pharaonic design
37:07like this here.
37:07Oh, look at that.
37:08And I have here
37:09birds.
37:10Ancient Egypt.
37:10And I have Islamic design.
37:12This was the world
37:12until so recently.
37:13It's just amazing,
37:14isn't it?
37:14It still exists here in Cairo.
37:15People just making
37:16stuff with their hands,
37:16making beautiful things.
37:18As I'm watching this,
37:19he's just creating
37:19and the petals of a flower
37:20on this fabric.
37:22It's great.
37:24So different from
37:24ordering something
37:25on the internet
37:26or buying something
37:27that's been shipped
37:28across the world.
37:32Around 700 years ago,
37:34Cairo was a booming
37:35global trading hub
37:37and one of the largest,
37:38wealthiest cities on earth.
37:40Home to some of the world's
37:42earliest universities,
37:43mosques,
37:44even hospitals.
37:45Medical care was
37:46centuries ahead of Britain.
37:49Great walls surrounded
37:50the city
37:51and imposing gates
37:53guarded it.
37:54And some of those
37:54ancient gates
37:55still stand,
37:56including this
37:57magnificent entrance
37:58known as Babzuela.
38:00For centuries,
38:01this gateway marked
38:02the southern entrance
38:03to the city.
38:04I'm told you get
38:05one of the best views
38:06of historic Cairo
38:07from the top
38:08of its towers.
38:09So that's where
38:10I'm heading now.
38:11What is it
38:12with high historic buildings?
38:14I find myself
38:16always heading
38:16to the top.
38:23It's quite a climb.
38:24Oh,
38:26one day
38:27I'm going to learn
38:28my lesson.
38:28I'll stop climbing
38:29every historic tower
38:31I see.
38:32I've got a good feeling
38:32about this.
38:33Might be worth it.
38:34Look at that.
38:39I mean,
38:40perfect viewpoint.
38:43And this is the oldest
38:44part of Cairo now.
38:46The sultan who built it
38:47was once imprisoned
38:48in this gatehouse.
38:50The story goes
38:51that he vowed
38:52should he ever gain power,
38:53he would build a mosque
38:55on the site.
38:55And he did.
38:57And over the years,
38:58rulers would build
38:59palaces and build mosques
39:01and fancy buildings
39:02and they'd each have
39:03minarets.
39:04and then when
39:05European travellers
39:06really started to explore,
39:07this city got the nickname
39:08The City of a Thousand Minarets.
39:11And from up here,
39:12I can see why.
39:14Today,
39:15Cairo still has
39:15one of the largest
39:16medieval cities
39:17left standing
39:18in the world.
39:19So after you've had
39:20your fill of the pyramids,
39:21come and search out
39:23this incredible part
39:24of the city.
39:32Seeing all this
39:33bread fly past
39:33is making me hungry,
39:34which reminds me
39:35that, amazing fact,
39:37loaves of bread
39:38were found in
39:38Tutankhamen's tomb.
39:40Anyway,
39:41time for one
39:42more meal stop.
39:46Food expert Leila
39:48has invited me
39:48for a picnic
39:49in one of Cairo's
39:50largest green spaces,
39:52Al-Azhar Park.
39:55Look at this.
39:57Wow.
40:01Paradise.
40:03Spotless clean,
40:04families everywhere.
40:05Neatly mowed lawns.
40:08Hyde Park,
40:09Piccadilly Gardens.
40:11Eat your heart out.
40:12Leila,
40:13how's it going?
40:14Fight my way
40:15through the crowds.
40:16Hey Dan.
40:17Good to see you.
40:17Good to see you again.
40:18And there is a really nice
40:19bank holiday vibe
40:20in this place.
40:21Yeah,
40:21today is a public holiday
40:22so everyone's here really.
40:24just feels like
40:25all of Cairo is here
40:26and the sun is shining.
40:28It's a really nice day.
40:29Where are we going?
40:30All right,
40:30so we're going to head
40:31up to get
40:32one of the best views
40:34of the city
40:35from the park.
40:37Looking around now,
40:38it's hard to believe
40:39but this was the city's
40:40medieval rubbish dump
40:41and remained one
40:42for 500 years
40:44until it was transformed
40:46in the early 2000s.
40:49Look at that view.
40:51Now we're getting somewhere.
40:52Yeah.
40:535,000 years of history
40:55in one view here.
40:56Crazy.
40:56Unbelievable.
40:58From here,
40:59I can just see
41:00the pyramids
41:01hiding behind
41:02two tower blocks
41:03around 10 miles away.
41:05Incredibly,
41:06it was more than
41:073,000 years
41:08after the pyramids
41:09were built
41:10that Cairo was founded.
41:12At the time
41:12of the pharaohs,
41:13everything I see
41:14in front of me
41:15would have been
41:15open desert.
41:18Today,
41:19it's not just minarets
41:20rising above
41:20Cairo's skyline
41:22but flocks of pigeons too.
41:25Pigeon keeping
41:25is taken very seriously.
41:27The towers
41:28teetering over rooftops
41:29are pigeon lofts.
41:31People wave flags
41:33to train their flocks
41:34and help them identify
41:35exactly where their home is.
41:38We found our own purge
41:40at the top of the park.
41:42I got you some snacks.
41:44No way.
41:45Yes.
41:45That's what I need,
41:46some more food.
41:47Okay.
41:49This is
41:51fatir.
41:52It's an Egyptian pastry.
41:53It's very, very popular.
41:55Yeah.
41:56Fatir is a flaky,
41:57layered pastry,
41:58a bit like phyllo
41:59or a croissant.
42:01So, the thing about
42:02this pastry that's cool
42:03is that it dates
42:05all the way back
42:05to ancient Egypt,
42:06which is pretty cool.
42:07Very cool.
42:07Like, one of the oldest
42:09foods you can have.
42:10So, you just grab some
42:12of the sugar,
42:13Oh, my goodness.
42:14powder it on top,
42:15and then you just
42:15go ahead and eat.
42:17Okay.
42:17Yeah.
42:18The ancient Egyptians
42:18didn't have sugar,
42:20so it would have
42:20sweetened it with
42:21honey or dates.
42:23That is too good
42:25to be true.
42:26Delicious, right?
42:27Oh, no wonder
42:28Egyptians are so happy.
42:30We enjoy good food.
42:31We like to eat a lot.
42:34You couldn't be anywhere
42:35else in the world now.
42:36Delicious.
42:36Uh-uh.
42:38Quintessential Egyptian
42:39experience.
42:43Delicious.
42:44I can't think of a better
42:45way to finish up
42:46my time in Cairo.
42:47Okay.
42:47Watch that my last sunset,
42:49surrounded by happy families,
42:52eating delicious treats.
42:54Thank you.
42:56Cairo is a city
42:57that throws everything
42:58at you.
42:59In just a few days,
43:00I've wandered through
43:00buzzing markets
43:01that have barely changed
43:03for centuries.
43:04I've motored down
43:05the Nile,
43:05the mighty river
43:07that made Egypt possible.
43:09And of course,
43:10the pyramids.
43:11Seeing them
43:12was one thing,
43:13but exploring
43:14inside the Great Pyramid,
43:16that's not something
43:17I'll forget.
43:20To tell the truth,
43:21I was not expecting
43:22to love Cairo.
43:23Yes.
43:23I thought it'd be a matter
43:24of come here
43:25to see the pyramids
43:26and then sort of survive
43:28in the chaotic streets.
43:30But actually,
43:30I think the opposite's happened.
43:32It's those streets
43:33and the alleyways,
43:34the parks,
43:35the squares.
43:36That's where
43:36I found all the life
43:38and the welcome
43:40and the food.
43:42The city's got me.
43:43And that brings me
43:45to the end
43:46of my great Egyptian adventure.
43:48And what an experience
43:49it's been.
43:50I've journeyed
43:51the length of the Nile
43:52from the wonder
43:53of Luxor.
43:54It is magical.
43:57To jaw-dropping
43:58Abu Simba.
43:59What an extraordinary thing.
44:00And the buzz
44:01of Cairo.
44:03Can't help imagining
44:04your Indiana Jones
44:05sort of searching
44:06through this marketplace
44:07looking for treasures.
44:09I've travelled on everything
44:10from felukas
44:11to hot air balloons
44:12to luxury steamers.
44:14As-salamu alaykum.
44:16Enter Tamam.
44:17Tamam.
44:19I've even made friends
44:20with a camel.
44:21Well, you're the happiest
44:22camel I've ever met.
44:23I first came to Egypt
44:25as a 12-year-old
44:26and it sparked
44:27something in me.
44:28More than 30 years later
44:30and I still feel
44:31I'm just scratching
44:32the surface.
44:34I've got a feeling
44:35it won't be long
44:36before I'm back again
44:37in this incredible country.
45:04of CSW.
45:07Tvevers
45:081-year-old
45:081-year-old
45:091-year-old
45:091-year-old
45:09ترجمة نانسي قنقر
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