00:00This is a lesson about Common English Prefixes.
00:05Okay, so let's start.
00:09So, what is a prefix?
00:11Well, a prefix is a group of letters at the beginning of a word.
00:19And it indicates part of the meaning of the whole word.
00:25Example, the letters D-I-S, dis, means not, or a negative.
00:36And this is important because if you know the most common prefixes,
00:42then it will help you to deduce the meaning of new words.
00:47So, it will help you to guess the meaning of new words.
00:53For example, I'm sure you all know the word like.
00:58For example, I have a friend. I like him.
01:02Okay, so if you also know the prefix dis,
01:10then you will understand this new word.
01:15Okay, so if you know dis means not,
01:18then we understand that I dislike him.
01:22We understand that that means I do not like him.
01:27Okay?
01:30Now, sometimes there is a hyphen between the prefix and the rest of the word.
01:38This is a hyphen.
01:40It's this little line in the middle
01:43between the prefix and the rest of the word.
01:48Example, anti-war.
01:52And this is the hyphen in the middle.
01:58But, be careful with prefixes.
02:02Okay?
02:02Sometimes, what looks like a prefix is not a prefix.
02:07And the meaning is quite different.
02:11Example, the word distant.
02:14Okay?
02:15So, it starts with dis.
02:19But, here, dis, it is not, in fact, a prefix.
02:24Distant is just a normal word.
02:27Okay?
02:28So, the best advice I can give you is
02:33use a very good dictionary to check the meaning of all new words.
02:38Okay?
02:39Always use a good dictionary.
02:42Okay?
02:42So, in this video,
02:44I will give you the most common prefixes
02:47and I will give you some examples.
02:52So, the first one, anti.
02:55And this means against or opposed to.
03:00Example.
03:02Antisocial means against being social.
03:08Okay?
03:08So, against society.
03:11Opposed to friends, for example.
03:17She doesn't have many friends
03:20because she is antisocial.
03:25Example two.
03:27Antibiotic.
03:29This is a medication that destroys bacteria.
03:33So, a medication that is against bacteria.
03:39He is taking antibiotics to treat his infection.
03:46Other examples with anti are
03:49anti-war, anti-racism, anti-climax, anti-aircraft.
03:57And for all the other examples,
03:59I ask you to look in the dictionary for the meaning.
04:03Okay?
04:06De.
04:07De.
04:08De.
04:09This means reverse or change or opposite.
04:15Opposite process.
04:18Example.
04:19Dehydrated.
04:21This means not enough water in the body.
04:24And it is the reverse process of being hydrated.
04:31It's the reverse opposite of hydrated.
04:36Mark is drinking some water because he is feeling dehydrated.
04:44Debug.
04:46To remove bugs or errors from a computer program.
04:51Okay?
04:53So, originally, bugs were put into the program accidentally.
05:00And debug reverses the process.
05:04We remove bugs.
05:08He is trying to debug the account software.
05:19And here we can see the hyphen in the middle.
05:27Dis.
05:28Dis.
05:29Means not or opposite of.
05:34Disagree.
05:36Means to not agree.
05:40Dis.
05:41Sarah disagrees with Claire.
05:46Dis.
05:46Dis.
05:47Dis.
05:47Dis.
05:48Means to not like.
05:52Mark dislikes his sister.
05:56Other examples.
05:58Dis.
05:58Dis.
05:59Dis.
06:00Dis.
06:00Dis.
06:03Again, look in the dictionary.
06:08Hyper. This means extreme or excesses.
06:16Hyperactive. This is an adjective.
06:20If someone is hyperactive, they are very active.
06:25Extremely active or excessively active.
06:31Paul is hyperactive.
06:37Hypertension. This means high blood pressure.
06:42Excessive blood pressure.
06:46David is suffering from hypertension.
06:51Other examples.
06:53Hypermarket. Hypersensitive. Hyperventilate.
06:59Hyperventilate.
07:03I. L. I. M. I. N. and I. R.
07:10They all mean not or some sort of a negative.
07:17Illegal means not legal.
07:22It is illegal to carry a gun.
07:28Impossible is not possible.
07:33There is too much noise.
07:36It's impossible to sleep.
07:40Inactive means not active.
07:47Mark is very inactive.
07:51Irregular means not regular.
07:56I. Am. You. Are. He. She. It. Is.
08:01This is the verb to be.
08:03The verb to be is irregular.
08:06Okay.
08:08Other examples.
08:12Illegible. Impotent.
08:14Insecure. Irrational.
08:20Inter.
08:21This means between.
08:24Or. Among.
08:28Interact.
08:29It's a verb.
08:30To communicate with other people.
08:36The new manager interacts very well with the rest of the team.
08:42Okay.
08:43So that means he communicates well among the rest of the team.
08:49Okay.
08:50The members of the twi-
08:51Excuse me.
08:52The members of the team, between them, they interact very well.
09:01International.
09:03This means between nations.
09:08The world cup is an international event.
09:13Okay.
09:14So it's an event between nations.
09:17So inter is between.
09:21Other examples.
09:23Interchange.
09:25Internal.
09:29Mid.
09:30Means middle.
09:34Midday.
09:36This means twelve o'clock.
09:38And that is the middle of the day.
09:44It's midday.
09:45Let's have lunch.
09:50Midsummer.
09:51Middle of the summer.
09:56Midsummer is my favorite time of the year.
10:00Other examples.
10:03Midnight.
10:04Midrith.
10:05Midway.
10:10Miss.
10:11M-I-S.
10:13This means bad or badly.
10:16Or wrong or wrongly.
10:20To misbehave.
10:22Means to behave badly.
10:25Or to act badly.
10:31Mark has misbehaved in school.
10:36Mark has misbehaved in school.
10:43Misspelling.
10:45Means a wrong spelling.
10:50Lionel Messi is a footbill player.
10:55So this is a wrong spelling.
11:01This is a misspelling.
11:03This is a misspelling.
11:08Other examples.
11:11Misprint.
11:12Mispronounce.
11:14Mistake.
11:16So all means bad or badly.
11:19Wrong or wrongly.
11:23Non.
11:24Non.
11:24Non.
11:25Means no, not, or without.
11:28Again, it's some sort of a negative.
11:31A very common one.
11:34Non-smoking.
11:36Non-smoking.
12:03I don't agree.
12:05You are talking nonsense.
12:10Other examples.
12:12Non-fiction.
12:13Non-payment.
12:17Over.
12:19It means too much.
12:21Or something excessive.
12:24To overcook.
12:27Means to cook too much.
12:30The meat is overcooked.
12:36Overexcited.
12:39Too excited.
12:42The children are overexcited.
12:47Other examples.
12:50To overcharge.
12:52Overconfident.
12:54Overrated.
12:58Post.
12:59This means after, behind, or later.
13:04So there is the concept of time.
13:09A verb, to postpone, is to delay something until later.
13:19I have postponed the meeting to the 26th of December.
13:25So imagine we have a meeting on the 25th of December.
13:33And we want to postpone the meeting to the 26th.
13:39Okay, so now the meeting to the 26th of December.
13:41Okay, so now the meeting is on the 26th.
13:42We have postponed it.
13:47Post-war means after the war.
13:51The post-war period was a very difficult time for everybody.
13:52And we can see there is a hyphen here.
13:56The post-war period was a very difficult time for everybody.
14:03Other examples.
14:06Post-date.
14:08Post-election.
14:29Post-election.
14:31PREDICT, it's a verb, to PREDICT, to say that something will happen in the future.
14:40And we say it BEFORE it happens, so BEFORE, BEFORE.
14:47That is why it is the prefix PRE means BEFORE.
14:55The director predicts that sales will increase.
14:58And other examples, PREFIX, PREHISTORIC, PREPARE.
15:08PRO means IN SUPPORT OF SOMETHING, or FAVOURING SOMETHING.
15:17PRO-INDEPENDENCE is IN SUPPORT OF INDEPENDENCE.
15:26JOHN TOOK PART IN A SCOTTISH PRO-INDEPENDENCE MARCH.
15:33PRO-PEACE is TO BE IN SUPPORT OF PEACE.
15:42PRO-PEACE.
15:43JANE is PRO-PEACE.
15:46Other examples, PRO-CHOICE, PRO-DEMOCRACY.
15:52AND WE CAN SEE, OFTEN, WITH THE PREFIX PRO, VERY OFTEN THERE IS THE HYPHEN.
15:59HYPHEN HERE, AND HERE, AND HERE, AND HERE.
16:04OK?
16:06SO DON'T FORGET THE HYPHEN.
16:09RE-MEANS AGAIN.
16:13RE-REWRITE, TO WRITE SOMETHING AGAIN.
16:20I MADE A MISTAKE, SO I AM RE-WRITING A CHECK.
16:27RE-HEAT, TO HEAT SOMETHING AGAIN.
16:34THE COFFEE WAS COLD, SO I AM RE-HEATING IT.
16:41OTHER EXAMPLES, TO RE-DO, TO RE-VIEW, TO RE-VISE.
16:51SUB, IT MEANS UNDER, OR BELOW.
16:57A VERY GOOD EXAMPLE IS SUPERMARINE, A SHIP THAT TRAVELS UNDERWATER.
17:07THE ROYAL NAVY HAS SEVERAL SUBMARINGS.
17:12THE ROYAL NAVY HAS SEVERAL SUBMARINGS.
17:15OK, THE ROYAL NAVY, THIS IS THE BRITISH NAVY.
17:23SUBWAY.
17:25NOW, IN BRITISH ENGLISH, THE DEFINITION IS AN UNDERGROUND PASSAGE TO ALLOW PEOPLE
17:35TO CROSS A BUSY ROAD.
17:37SO, BRITISH ENGLISH, IT IS FOR PEOPLE TO WALK UNDER A ROAD, TO CROSS IT.
17:48AND IN AMERICAN ENGLISH, SUBWAY IS IN FACT AN UNDERGROUND TRAIN SERVICE.
17:58SHE TAKES THE NEW YORK SUBWAY TO GO TO WORK EVERY DAY.
18:04OTHER EXAMPLES.
18:05OTHER EXAMPLES TO SUBMERGE AND SUBSTANDARD.
18:14UN, THIS MEANS NOT, AGAINST, OR OPPOSITE.
18:22TO UNPLUG, THIS MEANS TO REMOVE A PLUG FROM THE SOCKET.
18:28AND, THIS IS THE OPPOSITE OF TO PLUG IN.
18:34OKAY, SO IT'S THE OPPOSITE OF TO PLUG IN.
18:40HE ALWAYS UNPLUGS THE TELEVISION DURING A STORM.
18:44SO WE CAN SEE, HE'S UNPLUGGING THE TELEVISION.
18:51UNHAPPY, NOT HAPPY.
18:55LAURA IS UNHAPPY BECAUSE SHE CANNOT FIND A JOB.
19:01OTHER EXAMPLES, UNLOCK, UNPACK, UNSURE.
19:07THIS IS A VERY COMMON ONE, UN, SO I ADVISE YOU TO LOOK IN THE DICTIONARY.
19:13THAT THERE ARE MANY WORDS WHICH START WITH UN AND THEY'RE VERY COMMON.
19:21UNDER MEANS NOT ENOUGH OR BELOW.
19:26TO UNDERCOOK IS TO COOK SOMETHING BUT NOT ENOUGH.
19:35THE MEAT IS UNDERCOOKED.
19:39UNDERAGE IS BELOW THE LEGAL AGE.
19:47THERE IS A LAW AGAINST UNDERAGE DRINKING.
19:53OTHER EXAMPLES, UNDERESTIMATE AND UNDERDEVELOPED.
20:01EXERCISE
20:02SO, CHOOSE THREE OF THE FOLLOWING WORDS AND THEN WRITE A SENTENCE WITH EACH WORD.
20:12OKAY, SO HERE ARE SOME OF THE WORDS THAT WE HAVE SEEN DURING THIS LESSON.
20:17SO JUST CHOOSE THREE OF THEM AND WRITE A SENTENCE.
20:23AND IF YOU DO IT IN THE COMMENTS SECTION, BELOW THE VIDEO, THEN I WILL REPLY TO YOU AND I
20:30WILL CORRECT YOU IF NECESSARY.
20:32So, the purgatory.
20:33Let me check out.
20:33Alright, thanks for that.
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