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00:01They are not modals. They are semi-modal verbs. Modals and semi-modals? You probably already
00:10know the modal verbs because we use them a lot in English. Semi-modals are very similar.
00:18In fact, both types can express obligation, permission, ability, possibility, preference,
00:25or even advice. But what's the difference? Semi-modals are special because they require
00:35to be for the verb. For example, I have to go. But modals don't use to. I must go. We
00:46never say I must to go. They often change form depending on the subject or the verb tense.
00:54For example, he has to go. Not he have to go. And I had to go. I had at the
01:05past tense.
01:06However, modals don't change. He must go. So modals very often cannot be used at a different
01:15tense. Also, semi-modal verbs require auxiliary verbs like do, does, did in negatives and also
01:25in questions. For example, does she have to go? Does is the auxiliary verb helping to make
01:35the question form? Must she go? Modals do not need an auxiliary verb to make a question.
01:44Let's begin with have to. Have to is very similar to must. So use it to show obligation. You have
01:52no choice. You are obligated to do something. For example, you have to follow the speed limit.
02:01You don't have a choice here. You must follow the speed limit. Now that is the present tense.
02:09Here's another example. She has to slow down. Like we said before, semi-modal verbs have to
02:17agree with the subject. So in this case, he, she or it, the third person at the present tense,
02:23you need to add an S. She has to slow down. You will have to reduce your speed. You will.
02:32That is
02:33the future. He had to watch his speed. He had to in the past. Do you have to hit the
02:42brakes? Do.
02:44Here you see that is the question form. You need the auxiliary do to be able to make the question.
02:50And the negative question, don't you have to drive slower? Don't is the auxiliary verb
02:57that you need to make the question here. However, be very careful here because you don't have
03:05to slow down. Don't have to, that is the negative form of have to. But watch out because have
03:13to is similar to must. But don't have to is not similar to must not. In fact, don't have
03:21to means that there is a lack of obligation. It is not necessary. It is very different from
03:29you must not slow down. Must not means you cannot slow down. You are not allowed to slow down.
03:37But you don't have to slow down means it's not necessary to slow down. You can slow down if you
03:43want or not. It's your choice. Need to. Need to is softer than have to. So use it when you
03:54want to
03:54show obligation or necessity. For example, I need to use the restroom. Ah, that's a very good example.
04:03I need to use the restroom. That is the present tense. Now, can you make the other forms? I want
04:11you to try at home because you have to be able to make the other ones too. For he, she
04:18or it,
04:19what would you say? You would say she needs to use the bathroom. Now the bathroom and restroom
04:26both have the same meaning. Now the negative form, she doesn't need to use the restroom. At the future
04:35form, you will need to use the facilities. The facilities, the bathroom, the restroom all have
04:43the same meaning. The past form is he needed to use the men's room. Question form, do you need to
04:53go?
04:53Do you need to go? Do you need to go is a very casual way to ask someone if they
04:58need to go to the
04:59bathroom. Or you can also have a negative question. Don't you need to use the bathroom? Don't you need
05:06to use the bathroom with the auxiliary do? Ought to. Now this one is a little bit more challenging
05:16because we don't use it very often. Ought to is similar to should and you can use it to show
05:23mild
05:24obligation or advice as well. You ought to relax more. You ought to relax more is very similar to
05:34you should relax more at the present tense. For the third person, he ought to take a break.
05:41At the past, I ought to have started earlier. Now like I said, ought to is very special because
05:49there is no third person S. You notice here, he ought to take a break. Not he oughts to take
05:57a break.
05:57There is no S. There is no future tense. You cannot say you will ought to relax more. Ought to
06:06already
06:06has a sense of future. There is no negative form either. You ought not to is a little strange,
06:14so we don't use it. And there is no question form, so you have only the present and the past
06:22with
06:22ought to have. Used to. Now this one is super important. Use it to talk about past habits or past
06:33states.
06:34For example, 10 years ago, I used to read a lot. I used to read a lot. Now that is
06:43past here.
06:44There is only the past tense for used to. There is no present and there is no future.
06:53The third person, he used to wear glasses. So at the past also, he used to wear glasses. So 10
07:01years ago,
07:02he wore glasses. But now he doesn't anymore. It's a past habit. Here you have to notice that there is
07:12no
07:12third person S because there is no present tense. So there is never a need for an S.
07:19As a state, because we said it's also for past states. He used to be a nerd. He used to
07:27be a nerd.
07:28So because of the verb to be, it is a state. 10 years ago, he was a nerd. But now
07:35he is not a nerd anymore.
07:39The negative form. He didn't use to exercise. Now watch out here because it's not used to.
07:46It becomes didn't use to. He didn't use to exercise. But now he does.
07:55Question form. Did you use to study a lot? Watch out here because the past tense used.
08:02The D is moved to the auxiliary do and then do becomes did. Did you use to study a lot?
08:09And the negative question. Didn't you use to work at the library? It means in the past, 10 years ago,
08:18did you on a regular basis work at the library?
08:23Be going to. Now be going to is very similar to will. So you are probably very familiar with it.
08:31Use it to talk about future plans. Watch out. Not for all future tenses, but future plans.
08:40For example, I'm going to travel this summer. I am going to travel this summer is future. I know you
08:49are looking at I am and maybe you think, oh teacher, that is the present tense. I am. No, it's
08:57I am going to and that has a future meaning.
09:01How about the third person? This one you have to change, right? She is going to go to Rome. The
09:09negative form. She isn't going to make it to Venice. She is not going to make it to Venice. The
09:18not must be placed between the verb to be and going.
09:22What about the past form? Sam was going to go with her, but he didn't have enough money. Sam was
09:33going to. It's a past future or future in the past. He had plans to go with her, but his
09:43plans have changed. So Sam was going to go with her.
09:48How about the question form? Are you going to travel this summer? Here, because it's be going to. The auxiliary
09:56is the verb to be, not the verb do. Do you going to travel this summer doesn't work. Are you
10:04going to travel this summer is a perfect question.
10:07And the negative question? Isn't she going to go with her boyfriend? So once again, you put the not right
10:17after the auxiliary be.
10:20Be able to. Be able to. Be able to. Be able to is similar to can. So use it to
10:26show ability.
10:28I am able to speak five languages. That's at the present tense. How about the third person?
10:36He is able to read many languages. The negative form.
10:41She isn't able to. She isn't able to read Korean. Future.
10:46You will be able to speak English if you keep watching my videos.
10:52The past tense. She was able to understand French.
10:58Question. Are you able to speak Spanish?
11:02Negative question. Isn't he able to understand German?
11:08Be allowed to is also similar to can, but in a different way.
11:13So use it to express permission, not ability.
11:18I am allowed to swim here.
11:21I am allowed because of I.
11:24So the verb to be changes to am.
11:27You are allowed to swim here.
11:29How about the third person?
11:31He is allowed to use the pool.
11:34Negative.
11:35Negative. We are not allowed to dive here.
11:39We aren't allowed to dive here.
11:42Future.
11:43You will be allowed to swim after checking in.
11:48Past.
11:49She was allowed to use the pool until 10 p.m.
11:54Question.
11:56Are we allowed to eat by the pool?
11:58Oh, that's a very good question.
12:00Are we allowed to eat by the swimming pool?
12:03Everybody wants to know that.
12:05And the negative question.
12:07Isn't he allowed to drink by the pool?
12:11Be supposed to is similar to should and must put together.
12:16So use it to talk about expectations or rules.
12:21For example, I am supposed to be at work by 9 a.m.
12:26Now, once again here, I am, but it is not the present tense.
12:32I am supposed to be at work by 9 a.m.
12:36It has a sense of future.
12:39In this case, it is a future, but there is no will to express the future.
12:45We never use will with be supposed to.
12:49How about the third person?
12:51He is supposed to be working on our project.
12:54He's supposed to, but maybe he's not.
12:58Negative form.
13:00We aren't supposed to sleep at the office.
13:03We are not supposed to sleep at the office, but he is sleeping right now.
13:09So supposed to means it is a rule, but it doesn't mean that the rule is being followed.
13:17So that's also very important.
13:19What about the past tense?
13:22You were supposed to finish this yesterday.
13:25You were supposed to, but you didn't finish this yesterday.
13:30Question form.
13:32Am I supposed to do all this work by myself?
13:37Isn't he supposed to be at the meeting?
13:39I see the guy sleeping at his desk, and I wonder, isn't he supposed to be at the meeting?
13:46I think he should be at the meeting, but he's not there.
13:50He is not following the expectations that other people have for him.
13:58Had better.
14:00Now watch out.
14:01Had better.
14:01I put a little star there because some people don't think it's a semi-modal verb, but let
14:08me explain it anyway.
14:10It is similar to should, but it is more powerful than should.
14:15Use it to give strong advice or a warning.
14:20So you are giving a warning to someone.
14:24It implies a consequence.
14:26It means that something bad is going to happen to you if you don't follow my strong advice.
14:33For example, you had better stay home today.
14:38So you see the weather in the picture?
14:41You had better stay home today.
14:44This is both present and future.
14:48Had better is a fixed expression.
14:50So you will had better doesn't work.
14:55You have better doesn't work either.
14:58Had better stays the way it is.
15:01But there is a contraction.
15:04For the contraction, we say you'd better.
15:07You had better stay home.
15:09You'd better stay home.
15:12Had better is never followed by two.
15:15And that is one of the reasons why some people say it is not a real semi-modal verb.
15:24He had better cancel his fishing plans.
15:27He had better to cancel his fishing plans.
15:31Does not work.
15:33He'd better cancel his fishing plans.
15:36The negative form.
15:38We had better not go swimming.
15:41We'd better not go swimming.
15:43There is no past form.
15:46And the question form is very rare.
15:49So I'm going to skip it here.
15:51You don't need to use had we better.
15:54Had we better is very weird.
15:57Instead, usually we say should we or shouldn't we for the question form.
16:04Would rather is another special case.
16:07Like I said about the previous one, some people do not include it in the semi-modals.
16:14But I'm giving it to you as a bonus.
16:17Would rather is similar to prefer.
16:20So use it to talk about what you prefer right now.
16:24So someone is giving you a choice right now.
16:28And you pick one of the two options.
16:30For example, here, look at the picture, eat at home or eat out, go to the restaurant.
16:39Which one do you want to do tonight?
16:42Oh, I would rather eat at home today.
16:45I prefer eating at home today.
16:48It is both present and future.
16:51It's a fixed expression also.
16:54So would rather doesn't change.
16:57Except if you want to use the contraction, you can say I'd rather.
17:02I'd rather eat at home today.
17:05One more thing.
17:06It is never followed by to.
17:09I would rather to eat at home today does not work.
17:14I would rather eat at home today.
17:17There is no to.
17:18How about the third person?
17:21Like I said, it's a fixed expression.
17:24So she would rather eat out tonight.
17:27It doesn't change.
17:29There is no S.
17:30The negative form.
17:32He would rather not make dinner tonight.
17:36The past form.
17:38I would rather have stayed home last night.
17:42Would rather have plus pee-pee.
17:45So would rather plus the present perfect implies a past preference.
17:51The question form.
17:53Would you rather eat in or eat out tonight?
17:56Eat in or eat out.
17:58Two choices.
17:59So would you rather.
18:01So would rather one more time does not change.
18:05It is a fixed expression.
18:07But you can put a pronoun right here.
18:10Would you rather eat in.
18:12So you can put the you in between.
18:15And that's okay.
18:17Now it's quiz time guys.
18:19We have studied so many things.
18:21So the quiz is not going to be easy.
18:24Now I'm going to give you a sentence.
18:27Like this one.
18:28One and you have to correct the mistake.
18:32Can you find the mistake in this sentence?
18:35You supposed to show your ID.
18:38And the correct sentence is.
18:41You are supposed to show your ID.
18:46Question two.
18:48I used to go swimming every day.
18:52Did you spot the mistake?
18:54If you're able to correct it.
18:56It should look like this.
18:58I used to go swimming every day.
19:01But when we speak fast.
19:03It does sound like I used to.
19:05I used to go swimming every day.
19:09Question three.
19:11I am able to speak English well next year.
19:14Watch out here.
19:16Can you correct the mistake?
19:17There is a big mistake.
19:19And the answer is.
19:20I will be able to speak English well next year.
19:24You need will to make the future with be able to.
19:29Question four.
19:31He will going to take the test tomorrow.
19:34He will going to take the test tomorrow.
19:38The corrected version is.
19:40He is going to take the test tomorrow.
19:43He is going to take the test.
19:45Because be going to is already a future marker.
19:50So you do not need to add will.
19:55Question five.
19:56I would rather to eat pizza than chicken for dinner.
20:01Can you correct it?
20:03The corrected version is.
20:06I would rather eat pizza than chicken for dinner.
20:09Like I said before.
20:11There is no to after would rather.
20:16Question six.
20:17I didn't use to like coffee.
20:20But now I do.
20:21I didn't use to like coffee.
20:25But now I do.
20:26Remember we talked about this.
20:29Used to is already passed.
20:32So if you use an auxiliary.
20:35I didn't use to like coffee.
20:39But now I do.
20:40The auxiliary takes the past tense.
20:44Question seven.
20:46You are not allowed parking here.
20:50You are not allowed parking here.
20:53This one should be easy to correct.
20:56You are not allowed to park here.
21:00Be allowed to.
21:02The two is necessary.
21:06Question eight.
21:07You have better to take an umbrella.
21:10You have better to take an umbrella.
21:13Here watch out.
21:14Because you have to correct two different things.
21:18So the corrected version is.
21:21You had better take an umbrella.
21:24Had better doesn't change.
21:26And there is no to after had better.
21:30Question nine.
21:32Sorry too late.
21:33You will have to take the next flight.
21:37So the man was running to catch his flight.
21:40And when he got to the gate.
21:42The gate was closed.
21:45So they said sorry too late.
21:48You will have to take the next flight.
21:49Can you correct it?
21:51In this case.
21:52There is nothing to correct.
21:54It was a correct sentence.
21:58It was a correct sentence.
21:58Question ten.
21:59I would rather going on vacation with you than alone.
22:03Oh that's very romantic.
22:05I would rather going on vacation with you than alone.
22:10Can you correct it?
22:13I would rather go on vacation with you than alone.
22:17After would rather there is no ing.
22:21There is no to either.
22:23I would rather go on vacation with you than.
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