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America's Wild Spaces | Hidden Hawaii
2018 | Επ. 02.02 | HD
Συναρπαστικές ιστορίες για τις ανεξέλεγκτες φυσικές δυνάμεις, τους κινδύνους και τα ασυνήθιστα θαύματα που κυριαρχούν στην άγρια φύση της Αμερικής.
Περιοχές γεμάτες μυστήριο και αντιθέσεις, όπου κυριαρχεί η φύση και ο άνθρωπος είναι απλός επισκέπτης.
Το Θαλάσσιο Εθνικό Μνημείο Papahanaumokuakea περιλαμβάνει τα βορειοδυτικά νησιά της Χαβάης. Μια επιστημονική αποστολή θα ταξιδέψει για έναν ολόκληρο μήνα σε αυτά τα απόμερα νερά, για να χαρτογραφήσει άγνωστα εδάφη.
2018 | Επ. 02.02 | HD
Συναρπαστικές ιστορίες για τις ανεξέλεγκτες φυσικές δυνάμεις, τους κινδύνους και τα ασυνήθιστα θαύματα που κυριαρχούν στην άγρια φύση της Αμερικής.
Περιοχές γεμάτες μυστήριο και αντιθέσεις, όπου κυριαρχεί η φύση και ο άνθρωπος είναι απλός επισκέπτης.
Το Θαλάσσιο Εθνικό Μνημείο Papahanaumokuakea περιλαμβάνει τα βορειοδυτικά νησιά της Χαβάης. Μια επιστημονική αποστολή θα ταξιδέψει για έναν ολόκληρο μήνα σε αυτά τα απόμερα νερά, για να χαρτογραφήσει άγνωστα εδάφη.
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00:10Υπότιτλοι AUTHORWAVE
00:30Υπότιτλοι AUTHORWAVE
01:00Υπότιτλοι AUTHORWAVE
01:31Ten of the remotest islands in the world and some of America's largest coral reefs form the body of this
01:39paradise.
01:417,000 species. Fish, birds and mammals give it a beating heart.
01:52It's so rare, so precious, that President Obama expanded it further in 2016.
02:03The area is larger than 46 of the 50 United States.
02:09And somehow, it must all be protected.
02:23To protect the reserve, a group of 42 will follow the animals in the food chain and determine how they
02:30are connected.
02:43This is the first of three voyages that NOAA, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, plans to launch this year.
02:56I'll head full.
02:57I'll head full, aye.
03:05Under the rules of the monument, public access is tightly controlled and extremely limited.
03:18This voyage is a unique opportunity for the scientists aboard to study marine life, isolated from humanity.
03:28The Northwestern Hawaiian Islands sit in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, far away from the continents.
03:35Los Angeles, some 3,100 miles to the northeast.
03:41Tokyo, 3,200 miles to the northwest.
03:45From Honolulu, it will take three days to reach their first stop.
03:55French Frigate Shoals is the largest atoll in the northwestern Hawaiian Islands.
04:04Millions of birds and Hawaii's green sea turtles come here to nest.
04:11This land is vital habitat.
04:14Watch it, Jeff. He's coming right through on you.
04:17Okay, Gaetano.
04:18But biologist Brian Bowen needs to look deeper.
04:22So it's down to about 20 knots.
04:24He needs to find out what lives below.
04:28If we know where the rare species are, we're in a much better position to protect these animals.
04:35Let the star next up.
04:37To plot what's here, they'll first need to make an underwater map.
04:42So as they move through the monument, they chart the ocean bottom.
04:49The combination of satellites and good old-fashioned sonar is helping us map out these habitats, which previously are completely
04:59unknown.
05:03Take away the water, and you see a wilderness 100 times larger than Yosemite.
05:13Canyons and ravines forged by ancient geologic forces.
05:20Depths that reach more than 18,000 feet.
05:24Home to billions of sea creatures.
05:30More than 90% of Hawaii's green sea turtles need the northwestern Hawaiian islands to nest.
05:40And the highly endangered monk seal.
05:44Only some 1,200 remain.
05:47For most, this is their only home.
05:53And even here, their numbers continue to decline.
05:58Disease and lack of food are part of the reason only 2 in 10 pups survive to adulthood.
06:06And biologist Jesse Lopez is certain the shrinking population means less options for monk seals trying to find mates.
06:17The more we can learn about these animals, and the better we understand their life cycle,
06:22the more we can understand what we can actually do.
06:28Scientists place flipper tags, or paint numbers, on most every seal to keep track of them.
06:39Today, Jesse finds number Y05 cruising the beach.
06:47A male.
06:52He searches for a mate.
06:59He finds a female.
07:01But it's not a done deal.
07:08Right away, he's challenged.
07:16He's in for a long battle.
07:22When male monk seals fight each other over a female,
07:26they usually do little more than make noise.
07:31This is a rare glimpse at a prolonged aggressive combat.
07:36When we see this behavior, we always like to watch it.
07:39ID the animals and see if it becomes a problem.
07:43We've had a lot of issues with adult males mobbing females.
07:49You'll see up to five or six males attacking one female, and that can actually be fatal.
07:58The stakes are high.
08:04The seal population is shrinking.
08:09They fight for the possibility to pass on their genes.
08:17Finally, number Y05 chases off the loser.
08:23He must continue to guard his prize until they mate.
08:29No one knows where and when that will be.
08:33Mating happens somewhere in the water.
08:37It's extremely rare to witness.
08:43Mapping seal habitat and uncovering how they live may be key to their very survival.
08:52But it's a lot harder than it sounds.
08:57Their habitat must be protected beyond the beaches.
09:01Beyond the shallow corals.
09:05Monk seals, they cross everything.
09:08They go from shallow reefs all the way down to the sub-photonic.
09:14And they visit all the habitats in between.
09:17That's why it's important to have the whole area protected.
09:26Hawaii teams with apex predators, like the aggressive jack.
09:33The large-mouthed, powerful grouper.
09:37And sharks.
09:40These top-line feeders play a crucial role in the food chain.
09:48In the main Hawaiian islands, these predators account for 3% of the total weight of all.
09:54fish.
09:56But in the remote northwestern Hawaiian islands, it's a remarkable 50%.
10:03The expedition makes it to the end of the island chain.
10:07To Midway and Curie.
10:12Here, Yanis Papastamatio and Carl Meyer try to tag top predators and track their movements.
10:21What we're doing is looking at the movements of sharks and other top predators in a near-pristine, intact ecosystem.
10:32If marine scientists can learn how animals move at the top of the food chain,
10:38they'll find out their importance to the ecosystem within the monument.
10:45To tag tiger sharks, they must catch one and somehow attach a tracking device.
10:55The tiger shark is named for its striped skin.
11:00It eats most anything on the menu.
11:05Fish, seals, sea turtles, and birds.
11:12Today, Carl and Yanis are in luck.
11:18Slightly to starboard, right?
11:22We got something big?
11:27Is it a tiger or a...
11:28I can't tell you.
11:32They bring the shark to the surface on a hook and line.
11:36Tiger shark.
11:37And try to grab this tiger by the tail.
11:41No, don't bite the boat.
11:43You guys ready?
11:45Yeah.
11:46Doing work this close with a shark can be dangerous.
11:52But Carl and Yanis employ a shark-whispering technique
11:56that works like magic.
12:02Sharks always put up a fight.
12:06So the team exploits one of nature's most mysterious phenomena
12:10to gain the upper hand.
12:14Okay, Ray, quick.
12:17We get a tail rope around the tail,
12:19and that way we can restrain the shark along the side of the boat.
12:24Pull, pull, pull, pull.
12:26We basically use the pectoral fins to roll the shark over onto its back,
12:30and it puts it into a trance-like state known as tonic immobility,
12:34where they just kind of go to sleep.
12:37Got it?
12:38Yeah.
12:45This trance-like state allows them to calmly ID,
12:49measure, and determine the sex.
12:54They can even make an incision in the abdomen
12:57and insert an acoustic transmitter.
13:07Then they sew up the incision.
13:11No worse for wear.
13:13They recover pretty quickly.
13:15Low and low.
13:16They're obviously a little bit annoyed at us to start with,
13:18but they'll swim off,
13:19and then we'll generally hear detections from those animals
13:23within a couple of days.
13:26This is the 26th tiger shark to get a tag.
13:36That's enough for them to start collecting meaningful information.
13:51The team must dive into these shark-filled depths
13:54to slowly unravel the mystery of shark movements.
14:21The data shows that tiger sharks not only move between the islands,
14:25but beyond.
14:29Well beyond.
14:31In 2004, a tiger shark last tagged in Hawaii
14:35was caught by a fisherman in the Sea of Cortez in Mexico.
14:41It swam a total distance of 3,100 miles.
14:48Some tiger sharks return to one spot within the reserve every year
14:54for an easy meal.
15:06Millions of migratory birds come to the reserve to nest.
15:13The result?
15:15Countless hatchlings that must learn to fly.
15:28When their feathers and wing muscles sufficiently develop,
15:33young albatross attempt to take flight.
15:43Sometimes they jump the gun.
15:54and end up floating in shark-infested shallows.
16:07With wet, heavy wings,
16:09an albatross chick becomes an easy target.
16:27This is the food chain
16:28in action.
16:37Sharks are a natural challenge for the albatross.
16:42But other challenges for this iconic seabird
16:45have no place out here.
16:50Humans,
16:51at the top of the food chain,
16:53have a presence that defies any map or boundary.
17:01The remoteness of the northwestern Hawaiian islands
17:05allows for a pristine environment
17:06where all levels of life flourish.
17:11Yet isolation alone doesn't guarantee protection.
17:19Every year, thousands of pounds of marine debris wash on to these remote reefs and beaches.
17:27The region between the Hawaiian islands
17:30and the west coast of the Americas
17:31is now known as the largest marine trash dump in the world.
17:47Outside the monument,
17:48wind-driven surface waters
17:50and swirling currents
17:52pull in trash from thousands of miles away.
17:58It's an area called the North Pacific Subtropical Convergence Zone.
18:04It's like a giant toilet bowl
18:07that never gets flushed.
18:13The trash accumulates
18:15and eventually hits the only thing sticking out,
18:18the northwestern Hawaiian islands.
18:22Fishing nets,
18:24cigarette lighters,
18:25bottles,
18:26plastic bags,
18:28six-pack rings.
18:32In a 10-year period,
18:34workers have removed
18:35about 600 tons of trash,
18:38barely a scratch on the surface.
18:42What it's going to take
18:44to protect the northwest Hawaiian islands
18:46is not a lockbox.
18:49We can't just close off this area
18:51to human beings
18:53and stay away from it
18:55and expect it to be fine.
18:57The world is far too interconnected for that.
19:09This dead bird
19:11reveals the disturbing effects of our trash.
19:17Let's see what it had for dinner.
19:21Oh, that doesn't look good.
19:24Its stomach is filled with rubbish.
19:27Wow, look at all that plastic.
19:33Seabirds often swallow scraps of debris.
19:37What they can't regurgitate
19:39can be fatal.
19:46The highly endangered monk seal
19:49also suffers.
19:54The latest count,
19:56biologists have documented
19:57over 270 monk seals
20:00tangled in debris.
20:12The northwestern Hawaiian islands
20:14form a monument
20:16larger than some countries.
20:22But no border is big enough
20:24to protect it
20:24from our careless waste.
20:39By entering the remote world
20:42of these islands,
20:44those aboard this NOAA expedition
20:46shed light on a unique wilderness.
20:50And that light
20:52reflects right back at us.
20:58They return now
21:00having revealed
21:01complex marine ecosystems.
21:04A food chain so dynamic
21:07yet so fragile.
21:11Borders within borders
21:13we only begin to understand.
21:16and the extent of human influence.
21:26Perhaps just in time
21:28we begin to know this place,
21:30to care for it
21:31and to protect it.
21:36miles from our reach
21:38we touch this place
21:39every day.
21:43We are its greatest challenge
21:45but also
21:47its greatest hope
21:48as it is inextricably
21:50connected to us.
21:56We hold the power
21:57to keep it safe.
22:00Clean.
22:03and totally wild.
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