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00:00Υπότιτλοι AUTHORWAVE
00:30And is this medieval device the hand of the world's first Iron Man?
00:36The untrained eye, it just looks like a gauntlet on a suit of armour.
00:40This is something far, far stranger and more technologically advanced.
00:48These are the most remarkable and mysterious objects on Earth.
00:53Hidden away in museums, laboratories and storage rooms.
01:00Now, new research and technology can get under their skin like never before.
01:06We can rebuild them, pull them apart,
01:11and zoom in to reveal the unbelievable,
01:17the ancient,
01:19and the truly bizarre.
01:21These are the world's strangest things.
01:27This priceless 2,000-year-old relic
01:39is the only one of its kind in the world.
01:43Since it was unearthed in Baghdad in 1936,
01:48it's become infamous as one of the most controversial finds of all time.
01:53For nearly 70 years, it was stored in an Iraqi museum.
02:00Now, it's gone.
02:01In 2003, during the Iraq War,
02:08the Baghdad Museum was plundered,
02:10and it went missing.
02:11But using the best available data,
02:18we've brought it back.
02:24Roughly 14 centimetres tall,
02:27at first glance, it looks like a dusty old jar.
02:30But opening it up reveals something intriguing.
02:34A tube of copper and an iron rod.
02:39And in between the two,
02:40you had this bitumen plug that separated the two items.
02:46The archaeologist who finds it
02:48is struck by a similarity in this combination of parts.
02:52Not to anything from the ancient world,
02:54but something from the modern.
02:59He basically, right there on the spot,
03:01thought that it may have been a battery.
03:04Which is kind of a crazy-sounding idea
03:07for something that's 2,000 years old.
03:11Accepted history says the first known battery
03:14won't be invented until 1799.
03:17How could they have batteries 1,700 years
03:20before when actually batteries existed?
03:24It becomes known as the Baghdad Battery.
03:30No other jar like this has ever been found.
03:34What is it for?
03:37And could it really be an ancient electrical device?
03:43Why would an archaeologist identify it
03:45as a battery in the first place?
03:49One of the challenges that we have
03:51in interpreting the past
03:52is that we do have a kind of natural inclination
03:55to bring our own frames of reference
03:57to what we're seeing.
04:00So it doesn't surprise me
04:03that something unusual like this
04:05might have been interpreted as a battery.
04:09Most scholars were very skeptical.
04:11As an archaeologist,
04:12I would sort of test an idea,
04:14see if it's possible or feasible.
04:16If it's not, then I would discount it,
04:17say, okay, well, it's not that.
04:18So the first question is,
04:23can it actually function as a battery at all?
04:27A battery like this has three main components.
04:30There are two electrodes made of metal
04:32called the anode and the cathode
04:34and the substance in between those
04:36called an electrolyte.
04:38Electrolytes are liquids
04:39that allow for the flow of charged particles
04:42between the two electrodes.
04:44In a battery, it would commonly be
04:45an acidic liquid.
04:48The copper and the iron
04:50in this ancient relic
04:51look strikingly like modern electrodes.
04:54And that's not the only similarity.
04:57What's really exciting
04:58is that there's evidence
04:59of an acidic solution inside.
05:02As well as this,
05:03the electrodes show evidence of corrosion,
05:05which is exactly what we would expect
05:07to find inside a battery.
05:09So it seems to have all the right parts,
05:12but can it actually make electricity?
05:14Scientific research has finally tested this idea.
05:20People have done a reconstruction
05:21of the Baghdad battery
05:23and found that because of the chemistry
05:24and the materials involved,
05:26it kind of can't help but be a battery,
05:29which is really cool.
05:32So, quite remarkably,
05:34the evidence suggests it really does work.
05:37But is this an accidental effect?
05:40or are its makers
05:41actually trying to create electricity?
05:46Back in the 3rd century,
05:48this region of Mesopotamia
05:50is at the heart of the Sassanian Empire.
05:55And for the time,
05:56the people who live here
05:57certainly have a sophisticated culture.
05:59The capital city of Ctesiphon
06:02is a vast metropolis
06:04of a quarter of a million people.
06:06One of the remains of Ctesiphon
06:07is this large arch
06:08that you see if you go outside of Baghdad.
06:11So, clearly,
06:12the Sassanians were a very sophisticated society
06:14of very developed engineers.
06:17If any civilization in this period
06:20is going to invent a battery,
06:22the Sassanians sound like a good prospect.
06:24In fact,
06:26one of the most ancient universities
06:28was built by the Sassanians.
06:30They had an ancient school
06:31that brought scholars from India,
06:33from Rome,
06:33from the Greek world
06:34to basically conduct science.
06:37If the Sassanians really do create
06:40this mysterious object,
06:42what is it for?
06:44One theory suggests
06:46its electrical charge
06:47could be used for plating metal.
06:50To do this,
06:51you put metal objects
06:52that you want to coat
06:53in a precious material
06:54into a vat
06:55of really nasty chemicals
06:57that contain gold,
06:59for example.
07:00When you pass a current
07:02through that solution,
07:04then the gold atoms
07:06stick to the metals
07:07that you want to plate,
07:08and what you end up with
07:09is a really thin layer of gold
07:11onto the metal surface.
07:16And there's no shortage
07:18of gold-plated objects
07:19from this period
07:20to support this idea.
07:21plating gold,
07:24particularly on things
07:25like silver or other metals,
07:26was very typical.
07:28Gold, of course,
07:29was highly precious,
07:30highly desired,
07:31but it was also very expensive.
07:32So you often would
07:34put a plate of gold
07:35on another item
07:36to make it look
07:37like the entire item
07:38is made of gold
07:39to give it that kind
07:40of gold shine.
07:41But there are some issues
07:43with this theory.
07:45The problem with
07:46the electroplating theory
07:47is that you would have
07:48needed a lot of Baghdad
07:49batteries to power it,
07:51and we've only found one.
07:55There's an even bigger problem.
07:57The Sasanians already know
07:59how to plate gold.
08:01There was a different process
08:03that was much better known
08:04and much easier to do
08:06called fire gilding,
08:07which would have achieved
08:08the same effect
08:09of plating these metal objects
08:11with gold.
08:13In fire gilding,
08:14what you do is
08:14you create an alloy
08:15out of gold and mercury.
08:17You apply that
08:18to the metal surface
08:19and then you heat it up,
08:21which boils away the mercury
08:22into the air
08:23to leave the gold
08:24on the surface.
08:26This is a ridiculously
08:28dangerous process
08:29and would have been
08:29extremely bad
08:30for the health
08:31of everyone involved
08:33in doing this fire gilding process.
08:35so we know that now
08:36but they probably
08:37didn't know that
08:38back then.
08:40The electroplating theory
08:42doesn't hold up
08:43and there's an even
08:44more bizarre idea.
08:46Could this strange object
08:48have been for childbirth?
08:51There's been one argument
08:53that the device
08:54may have been used
08:55for a kind of electrotherapy.
08:56The idea of using electricity
08:58to numb the pain,
09:00perhaps in childbirth,
09:01labor.
09:02We do this in the modern world.
09:03Surprisingly,
09:06using electricity
09:06in this way
09:07is not a new idea.
09:10There are ancient texts
09:12from the ancient Greek world
09:13the use of electric rays,
09:15for instance,
09:15electricity derived
09:16from animals
09:17that can be used
09:18to numb the pain
09:19for individuals.
09:20So that's indicating
09:22there is a precedent
09:22for this potential use
09:24of the battery
09:24for that purpose.
09:26The problem
09:27with this theory
09:28is that there was
09:29no shortage
09:30of pain relief
09:30in this part
09:31of the world already.
09:33Almost 2,000 years
09:34before this jar
09:36would have been made,
09:37you had texts
09:38discussing the use
09:39of things probably
09:40comparable to opium
09:41or even cannabis
09:42used to numb pain.
09:45So medicinal uses
09:47of different plants
09:48would have been
09:49a well-established practice
09:51in this part of the world.
09:52So probably not
09:55a miracle pain relief.
09:57What about magic?
09:58Seriously?
10:01One suggestion
10:01is that this may
10:02have been used
10:03as a kind of
10:04religious conjuring trick
10:05that you might touch it
10:06and it might
10:08somehow interact
10:09with you,
10:09come alive,
10:10give you a little shock.
10:12This is not uncommon
10:14in the ancient world.
10:16The idea
10:17of religious theater
10:17was very well-known
10:19for all kinds
10:20of religions
10:20in these periods.
10:23There were a number
10:23of different religions
10:24in this region
10:25at the time.
10:25There were people
10:26who worshipped
10:26multiple gods
10:28or specific kinds
10:29of gods.
10:30There were Zoroastrians
10:31who actually worshipped
10:33fire and smoke
10:34was part of their worship
10:35so you can conceive
10:36that this device
10:37could have been used
10:38to create fire
10:39and smoke.
10:40But with no evidence
10:42to support this theory,
10:43no archaeological finds
10:45or documentary accounts
10:46it's impossible
10:47to prove
10:48or disprove.
10:51There seem to be flaws
10:52in every ancient
10:54battery theory.
10:56Maybe the answer is
10:57it's not a battery
10:58at all.
11:01The form and shape
11:02of the Baghdad battery
11:03is a very common shape.
11:05It's a very common
11:06looking jar,
11:07very plainly decorated.
11:09Such jars
11:10were often used
11:11to contain
11:12scrolls,
11:13parchment effectively.
11:16But if this jar
11:18is designed
11:18to hold scrolls,
11:20why is there
11:21acid residue
11:22inside it?
11:23And why the copper tube
11:25and iron rod?
11:27Any theory
11:28has to explain
11:29the function
11:29of all four
11:30key elements.
11:32You have the liquid
11:33inside the jar,
11:35you have the jar itself,
11:36the two items,
11:37the rod and the cylinder.
11:39The fact that they're
11:40made of specific metals,
11:41you had iron and copper.
11:43So you had to come up
11:44with a solution
11:44that effectively
11:46brings it all together.
11:48Now,
11:49there is a new idea.
11:51One that could
11:52explain everything.
11:54A new and very
11:55exciting theory
11:56about the Baghdad battery
11:57is that it could have
11:58been used
11:59in the brewing
11:59of beer.
12:01When you ferment yeast
12:03to create beer,
12:04it also makes substances
12:06like hydrogen sulfide.
12:08This is a really
12:09smelly and disgusting
12:10material.
12:11You can smell it
12:11near volcanoes.
12:12It sort of smells
12:13like rotten eggs.
12:15And you really
12:16don't want that
12:16in your beer.
12:17So today,
12:18we take hydrogen sulfide
12:19out of beer
12:20using electrochemical
12:22processes.
12:22In modern beer making,
12:25copper barrels
12:26are often used
12:28to remove smell
12:29and impurities
12:30from beer.
12:32So potentially,
12:32the Baghdad battery
12:33is used for
12:33a similar purpose.
12:36To get rid of
12:37the hydrogen sulfide
12:38from beer,
12:38what you can do
12:39is put a copper
12:40electrode into the beer
12:41and apply a voltage
12:42to it.
12:43When you do that,
12:44the hydrogen sulfide
12:45in the beer reacts
12:46with the copper
12:47to produce a solid material
12:49which just floats
12:50to the bottom
12:51of the vat
12:52which you can then
12:52easily remove
12:53which gets rid
12:54of your hydrogen sulfide.
12:55And it's possible
12:56that the Baghdad battery
12:57was used
12:57for the same process
12:58back then.
13:00But did the Sassanians
13:01really care enough
13:02about beer
13:03to go to this much effort?
13:06Beer was a big deal
13:08and had been
13:09for a long time.
13:10We know of brewing
13:11in Iraq
13:11from 3,500 BCE
13:13and possibly
13:14even older than that.
13:17Beer was a very
13:18common beverage
13:18in this part of the world
13:19for a long time.
13:21perhaps even
13:22the preferred beverage
13:22but it was also
13:24full of impurities
13:25and so perhaps
13:27creating something
13:27that could diminish
13:29those impurities
13:29would have been
13:30an innovation
13:31that would have been
13:31desired by this period.
13:34After 70 years
13:35of controversy
13:36do we finally
13:37have an explanation
13:38for this strange object?
13:41So I guess
13:41the question is
13:42could the Baghdad battery
13:43have actually been
13:44part of a Baghdad brewery?
13:46Well, the beer
13:47is acidic
13:47so yeah,
13:48that would work
13:49for the electrolyte.
13:50the copper
13:50and the iron
13:51together
13:52create the voltage.
13:54The copper
13:54can take
13:55the hydrogen sulfide
13:56out of the beer
13:57and we also see
13:59that corrosion
14:00on the electrodes
14:01so yes,
14:02it could have worked
14:03in this way.
14:04but like every theory
14:07about the Baghdad battery
14:09there's a snag.
14:11There's only one problem
14:12with this brewery theory
14:13which is that
14:14the Baghdad battery
14:15itself
14:15is extremely small
14:17so if it was used
14:18for brewing beer
14:19it would have been
14:19the world's first
14:20craft beer.
14:22Right now
14:23proving this idea
14:24is impossible
14:25because the battery
14:27is still missing.
14:29unless it's recovered
14:31this new theory
14:32can't be properly tested.
14:37For now at least
14:38the Baghdad battery
14:40remains one of the world's
14:42most perplexing
14:43unexplained objects.
14:45Locked away
14:50in a Cairo museum
14:51is one of the strangest
14:53Egyptian relics
14:54in history.
14:56Unlike the thousands
14:57of other mummies
14:58unearthed from the
14:59sands of Egypt
15:00that seem calm
15:01and composed
15:02this one
15:03appears to be
15:04a snapshot
15:05of the true
15:05horror of death.
15:10Now
15:10the body
15:11has been removed
15:12from its coffin
15:12and painstakingly
15:14reconstructed
15:15this
15:17is the
15:19screaming mummy.
15:23People think
15:24that the
15:25screaming mummy
15:25is screaming
15:26in agony
15:27you know
15:28it looks really
15:29horrific.
15:30Even the
15:31gold earrings
15:32lost after the
15:33body was discovered
15:34have been
15:35digitally restored.
15:37They are definitely
15:38not the jewelry
15:39of a peasant.
15:41His body
15:41tells a similar
15:42story.
15:45his hair
15:47was braided
15:47he had
15:48henna on
15:49all of this
15:50actually suggests
15:51that what we have
15:52here is a man
15:52of extreme
15:54status.
15:56Yet this
15:57emaciated body
15:58looks nothing like
15:59other high-status
16:00Egyptian mummies.
16:03Normal mummies
16:04would be wrapped in
16:04linen bandages
16:05which were
16:06symbolically important.
16:07it's really shocking
16:09that this mummy
16:10is not.
16:12And his hands
16:13and feet
16:13look like
16:14they were tied
16:14up.
16:15Why was he
16:17buried in this
16:17really disturbing
16:18manner?
16:20Who is he?
16:22Why is he
16:23screaming?
16:24mummy
16:25Now the latest
16:26scientific analysis
16:27can reveal
16:28not only his
16:29identity
16:29but the truth
16:31behind his
16:32gruesome demise.
16:38The screaming mummy
16:39is discovered
16:40in the late
16:4019th century
16:41near Egypt's
16:44legendary
16:44Valley of the
16:45Kings
16:46and he isn't
16:48found alone.
16:49Basically this
16:52was the discovery
16:53of a cache
16:55of mummies
16:56so there were
16:57about 40
16:58in there
16:59most of them
17:00richly decorated
17:01with coffins
17:02and sarcophagi
17:03and things like
17:03that.
17:05And what it
17:06leads Egyptologists
17:07to believe
17:08is that these
17:09mummies have been
17:09moved from their
17:10original places
17:11and brought together
17:12for a specific
17:13reason.
17:14There are a
17:15couple of reasons
17:15why mummies
17:17might be brought
17:17together in this
17:18fashion.
17:18The main
17:20one of those
17:20is that it
17:22kept them safe
17:23from tomb robbers
17:24so at this
17:25point some of
17:25the tombs of
17:26Pharaoh would
17:27be quite well
17:27known.
17:28Of course there
17:28are a huge
17:29number of
17:29people working
17:30on these
17:30tombs.
17:31They weren't
17:32exactly secrets
17:33so there may
17:35have been a
17:35group of priests
17:36who at some
17:37point thought
17:37the safest
17:38thing to do
17:38would be to
17:39take them
17:39all away
17:40and hide
17:40them.
17:42Some of the
17:43mummies in
17:43this cache are
17:44actually quite
17:45well known.
17:45What we might
17:46say are household
17:46names from
17:48ancient Egypt
17:48so for example
17:50Ramses II.
17:52Ramses II ruled
17:53for more than
17:5460 years and
17:56is considered one
17:56of ancient Egypt's
17:57greatest pharaohs.
17:59So this certainly
18:00wasn't just a
18:01group of unimportant
18:03people but rather
18:04a bringing together
18:05of some of the
18:06biggest names in
18:07ancient Egypt.
18:07but inside one
18:10of the coffins
18:11archaeologists make
18:13a shocking
18:14discovery.
18:16So when they
18:17opened up the
18:18lid of the
18:18coffin they
18:19were really
18:20surprised to
18:20find the
18:21body of a
18:22young man
18:23whose face
18:24was contorted
18:24in what seems
18:25like agony.
18:29With no clue
18:30to his identity
18:31archaeologists
18:32label him
18:33unknown man
18:34E what is
18:36this macabre
18:37body doing
18:37amongst such
18:38exalted
18:39company?
18:41Forensic
18:42analysis just
18:43adds to the
18:44mystery.
18:46You don't see
18:47any calluses
18:48no thick
18:49skin
18:49the person
18:51had beautiful
18:52earrings
18:52the fingernails
18:54were manicured
18:55the person
18:56was in good
18:56health as far
18:57as we could
18:58see.
18:59This is not
19:00a man who
19:00works for his
19:01living.
19:03Combined with
19:04the location
19:04of his burial
19:05this suggests
19:06he is a member
19:07of ancient
19:08Egypt's ruling
19:09elite.
19:11But there's a
19:11problem with
19:12that theory.
19:13His simple
19:14wooden coffin
19:15looks nothing
19:16like the
19:16others.
19:18So if we
19:18take the
19:18evidence from
19:19his mummy
19:20that this was
19:20actually quite
19:21a high status
19:22individual and
19:23compare it
19:24with his
19:24coffin actually
19:25there's a
19:26slight mismatch.
19:27It's not
19:27highly decorated
19:28so really
19:29this is a
19:30huge question
19:31why is this
19:31man of high
19:32status being
19:33buried in
19:34this completely
19:35plain coffin?
19:37Worse still
19:38it doesn't
19:39record his
19:39name.
19:41This is
19:41almost unheard
19:42of in elite
19:43burials.
19:44This is not
19:46a small thing
19:47for the ancient
19:47Egyptians.
19:49Names were
19:50tied intrinsically
19:51to your body.
19:52So if you
19:53wanted to have
19:53a successful
19:54transition into
19:55the afterlife
19:56you needed to
19:57have your body
19:58intact
19:58and part of
19:59that was
20:00having a
20:00recognizable
20:01name.
20:04Everything
20:05about Egyptian
20:06burials is
20:07to assist
20:07your journey
20:08after death.
20:11If you were
20:12buried properly
20:12the idea
20:13would be that
20:14you could
20:14go into
20:14the afterlife
20:15you could
20:16be in the
20:16field of
20:17reeds
20:17which was
20:18the ancient
20:18Egyptian
20:19conception
20:20of what
20:20we might
20:20call heaven
20:21and you
20:22lived a
20:23life of
20:23paradise.
20:24The
20:25nameless
20:25coffin
20:25sends a
20:26stark
20:27message.
20:28The
20:29implication
20:30of
20:30burying
20:31someone
20:31without
20:31their
20:32name
20:32is
20:32huge
20:33when
20:33it
20:33comes
20:33to
20:33ancient
20:34Egyptian
20:34theology.
20:35This really
20:36means that
20:36this person
20:37is being
20:38denied
20:38an afterlife
20:39for eternity.
20:41This is a
20:41huge deal.
20:45The other
20:46essential component
20:47of a successful
20:48journey into the
20:48afterlife is
20:49mummification.
20:52Mummification
20:53was an extremely
20:54elaborate process.
20:55you would
20:56start by
20:57removing the
20:58brain and
20:58the internal
20:59organs,
21:00washing the
21:01body and
21:01cleansing it
21:02with salt.
21:04But a
21:05forensic examination
21:06of the corpse
21:07reveals something
21:08even more
21:09shocking than
21:09the nameless
21:10coffin.
21:12If you look
21:13at the skull
21:14of the mummy
21:14you see that
21:15the brain
21:15is still
21:16there.
21:16That is
21:17very unusual
21:17because the
21:19brain should
21:19have been
21:20removed.
21:20The abdomen
21:22of the body
21:23is also
21:24unmarked
21:24suggesting the
21:25other organs
21:26are still
21:27in place.
21:29And that
21:30is something
21:30especially for
21:32a person
21:32from a very
21:33high social
21:33rank
21:34that's something
21:35that I've
21:35never seen
21:36before.
21:37And the
21:38material covering
21:39the corpse
21:39is completely
21:40out of place
21:41for a high
21:42status burial.
21:44Bearing in
21:45mind that
21:46normal mummies
21:47would be wrapped
21:48in linen
21:48bandages which
21:49were symbolically
21:50important.
21:51It's really
21:52shocking that
21:53this mummy
21:53is wrapped
21:54not in linen
21:54but in a
21:55sheepskin
21:55which was
21:57really seen
21:57to be
21:57ritually unpure
21:59really not
22:00something that
22:01you would be
22:01buried in
22:02and certainly
22:03not something
22:03you would want
22:04to enter
22:04the afterlife
22:05in.
22:08I've seen
22:08a lot of
22:09mummies but
22:09none was
22:10ever wrapped
22:11into a skin
22:12of an animal
22:13that has
22:14a bad
22:15meaning or
22:15an unclean
22:16meaning like
22:17a sheep.
22:18So that is
22:18something that
22:19is very very
22:20unusual and
22:21very offensive
22:21for that
22:22person.
22:24So if we
22:25bring all of
22:25this together
22:26the fact that
22:27there's no name
22:27on the coffin
22:28the fact that
22:29he was wrapped
22:29in sheepskin
22:30and the fact that
22:31his organs
22:31weren't removed
22:32this all adds
22:34up to the
22:35idea that
22:36someone has
22:36done this
22:37intentionally
22:38and that
22:39this man
22:40is being
22:40completely
22:41denied
22:41a chance
22:43at living
22:43in the
22:43afterlife.
22:44A member
22:47of the elite
22:47buried in
22:49a royal tomb
22:50his body
22:51treated with
22:52contempt
22:52his soul
22:54damned to
22:55oblivion.
22:57Who is
22:58this cursed
22:59man?
23:02For nearly
23:03130 years
23:05the identity
23:05of unknown
23:06man E
23:07remains a
23:08mystery.
23:09Now
23:1021st century
23:11forensics have
23:12been brought
23:12to bear on
23:13the body.
23:16In the late
23:172000s an
23:18Egyptian
23:18archaeologist
23:19named Zahi
23:20Hawass
23:20commissioned a
23:21number of
23:21DNA analyses.
23:24What these
23:25analyses tell
23:26us is that
23:26he was the
23:27son of one
23:27of Egypt's
23:28greatest
23:29pharaohs
23:30Ramses
23:30III.
23:32Ramses
23:33III is quite
23:33a big deal
23:34in ancient
23:35Egyptian
23:35history.
23:37He had a
23:37number of
23:38military
23:38campaigns
23:39that he
23:39oversaw
23:40and he
23:41built on
23:42on an
23:42incredibly
23:42prolific
23:43scale.
23:44To some
23:45Egyptologists
23:46he's actually
23:46the last
23:47of the
23:48great
23:48pharaohs.
23:50If the
23:51screaming mummy
23:52is the
23:52son of a
23:53living god
23:53what can
23:55he have
23:55done to
23:56deserve
23:56this
23:56terrible
23:57fate?
24:01An
24:01ancient
24:02document
24:02located over
24:033,000
24:04kilometers away
24:05in Turin
24:05northern Italy
24:06might hold
24:07the key
24:07it's known
24:09as the
24:10judicial
24:10papyrus.
24:12It seems
24:13to record
24:13the trial
24:14of a number
24:15of people
24:15who were
24:16high up
24:16in the
24:16court
24:17for
24:18conspiracy
24:18to
24:19assassinate
24:19Ramses
24:20III.
24:24Pharaohs
24:25in ancient
24:25Egypt
24:26were able
24:26to marry
24:27a number
24:28of wives
24:28however many
24:29they liked
24:29really
24:30and these
24:31wives would
24:31usually be
24:32ranked.
24:32the status
24:33of lesser
24:34wives and
24:34their children
24:35was not
24:35assured
24:36so if
24:37they did
24:37want to
24:37move up
24:38the social
24:39ranks
24:40then they
24:40would certainly
24:41have had
24:41to work
24:42for it.
24:43The judicial
24:44papyrus
24:45actually talks
24:46about a
24:46lesser
24:46queen
24:47whose name
24:47was
24:48T
24:48and the
24:49fact that
24:50she had
24:50managed to
24:51recruit
24:51a huge
24:52number of
24:52courtiers
24:53people of
24:53real
24:54power.
24:56The
24:56papyrus
24:57claims that
24:58this lesser
24:58queen
24:59a wife of
25:00Ramses III
25:01plotted to
25:02murder him.
25:05And it
25:05goes on to
25:06suggest that
25:07queen
25:07T had
25:08created this
25:10conspiracy in
25:10order to put
25:11her own
25:12son on
25:13the throne
25:13and that
25:14son's name
25:15was
25:15Pentaware.
25:17The story
25:18recorded in
25:19this ancient
25:19document is
25:20a dark
25:21tale of
25:22conspiracy
25:22and murder.
25:25One that
25:26might finally
25:26reveal the
25:27identity of
25:28the screaming
25:28mummy.
25:30From the
25:30DNA test
25:31we know
25:31that this
25:32is one
25:32of the
25:32sons
25:33of
25:33Ramses III
25:34and we
25:37also know
25:38that he
25:38was buried
25:39in disgrace.
25:40So if
25:41we put
25:41that
25:41together
25:41there's
25:42only one
25:42solution.
25:43This
25:44must be
25:44Prince
25:45Pentaware.
25:47There's
25:48one problem
25:49with this
25:49theory.
25:50Other than
25:51the papyrus
25:52the name
25:53Pentaware
25:53appears
25:54absolutely
25:54nowhere else
25:55in ancient
25:56Egypt.
25:57There's a
25:58very real
25:59possibility
25:59that
26:00Pentaware
26:00wasn't
26:00his real
26:01name and
26:02that actually
26:02this is a
26:03pseudonym
26:03used
26:04specifically so
26:06that his
26:06real name
26:07wouldn't be
26:08said because
26:09the action
26:11of saying
26:11someone's name
26:12gives them
26:12life.
26:13The screaming
26:14mummy may
26:15have been at
26:16the center of
26:16a treasonous
26:17plot.
26:19But did the
26:20plot succeed?
26:21On the one
26:25hand we have
26:25the judicial
26:26papyrus at
26:28which Ramses
26:29III seems
26:30to be opening
26:31proceedings and
26:32presiding over
26:33the entire
26:34trial.
26:35However he is
26:36referred to as
26:37the great
26:37god which is
26:38often a title
26:39reserved for
26:40people who
26:40were dead.
26:41So the
26:41judicial papyrus
26:43doesn't actually
26:43give us a
26:44firm answer as
26:46to whether the
26:46plot against
26:47Ramses III was
26:48successful or
26:49not.
26:51In 2007
26:52Ramses III's
26:53mummy is
26:54scanned using
26:5521st century
26:56CT technology.
26:58The results
26:59are shocking.
27:01Under the
27:02linen which was
27:03carefully placed
27:03and arranged
27:04there there was
27:05a deep wound
27:06stretching from
27:07the front back
27:08to the spine
27:09and that means
27:10that the veins
27:11here on his
27:11sides of the
27:13neck were cut
27:14and that means
27:15the brain doesn't
27:15get any oxygen
27:16and you die
27:17instantly.
27:17meaning that
27:21he was
27:22assassinated.
27:24As the most
27:25important man
27:26in ancient
27:27Egypt there is
27:28no doubt that
27:29pharaoh would
27:29have been
27:30extremely closely
27:31guarded and
27:32this suggests
27:33that anyone
27:33who got to
27:34him may have
27:35been someone
27:35close to him.
27:38Someone like
27:39a son which
27:41may explain why
27:42Pentowery is
27:43damned to
27:43oblivion.
27:44By killing
27:46this person
27:46who is seen
27:47to be a
27:48living god
27:48you are
27:49committing the
27:51most heinous
27:52crime possible.
27:54The conspirators
27:55who were found
27:55guilty of being
27:57part of this
27:57plot actually
27:58were handed
28:00down some
28:00pretty heavy
28:01duty sentences.
28:0328 of them
28:04are sentenced
28:04to death.
28:06Royal members
28:07of the plot
28:07are ordered
28:08to commit
28:08suicide.
28:09Is this
28:16the fate
28:16of the
28:17screaming
28:17mummy?
28:19On the
28:19withered corpse
28:20is one
28:20final clue.
28:22You see
28:23kind of
28:24indentations
28:25on the
28:25wrists that
28:26means that
28:26the person
28:27was probably
28:28or most
28:28likely
28:29restrained
28:30before death
28:31because you
28:31even find
28:32pieces of
28:33leather inside
28:33of the
28:34tomb.
28:34So I
28:35mean why
28:35would the
28:36person be
28:37restrained?
28:38The fact
28:39that his
28:39hands were
28:40bound does
28:41suggest that
28:42if this
28:42was suicide
28:43it was
28:43probably
28:43more likely
28:44to be
28:44assisted
28:45suicide.
28:48We know
28:49his name
28:49and his
28:50fate.
28:52One final
28:53question
28:53remains.
28:55Why is
28:57he screaming?
28:59It turns
29:00out he's
29:02not alone.
29:09screaming
29:11mummies
29:12exist everywhere.
29:14You see
29:14some
29:15screaming
29:15mummies
29:15in
29:16Sicily,
29:16in
29:17Italy,
29:18in
29:18middle
29:18and
29:19southern
29:19America.
29:20Wherever
29:20you see
29:20mummies
29:21you often
29:22see
29:22a scream.
29:24But are
29:25they really
29:25screaming
29:26at all?
29:28The
29:29screaming
29:29mummy
29:30looks as
29:31if it
29:31was
29:31screaming
29:32because
29:32it is
29:33poorly
29:33prepared.
29:34This
29:35is not
29:35done
29:36with
29:36love.
29:39In
29:39most
29:40cases
29:40when
29:40mummies
29:41are
29:41produced
29:41the
29:42lower
29:42jaw
29:43is
29:43bound
29:43so
29:44that
29:44it
29:44doesn't
29:45open
29:45up.
29:47If
29:48you
29:48don't
29:48bind
29:49the
29:49jaw
29:49then
29:50you
29:51have
29:51joints
29:51over
29:51here
29:52and
29:52over
29:52there
29:52on
29:52both
29:53sides
29:53and
29:54then
29:54your
29:54lower
29:54jaw
29:55will
29:55just
29:55drop
29:56and
29:56that
29:56obviously
29:57looks
29:57as
29:58if
29:58you
29:58were
29:58screaming.
29:59So
29:59it's
30:00just
30:00an
30:00accidental
30:01thing
30:01that
30:01happens
30:02by
30:03gravitational
30:05the
30:06reason
30:06he
30:07appears
30:07to
30:07be
30:07screaming
30:08says
30:08as
30:08much
30:08about
30:09us
30:09as
30:09it
30:09does
30:10about
30:10the
30:10Egyptians.
30:12It
30:12is
30:13completely
30:13normal
30:14that
30:14we
30:14see
30:15emotions
30:16facial
30:16expressions
30:17in
30:18a
30:18face
30:18of
30:19a
30:19living
30:19or
30:19dead
30:19body.
30:20This
30:20is
30:20because
30:21our
30:21brain
30:21is
30:21just
30:22hardwired
30:22in
30:23a
30:23way
30:23because
30:24it
30:24is
30:24absolutely
30:25necessary
30:25to
30:25very
30:26quickly
30:26find
30:26out
30:27which
30:27emotion
30:27another
30:28person
30:28has
30:28to
30:29react
30:29properly.
30:32When
30:32we
30:33see
30:33a
30:33face
30:33with
30:34a
30:34gaping
30:34mouth
30:34its
30:35head
30:35thrown
30:36backwards
30:36our
30:37brains
30:38instantly
30:38compare
30:39it
30:39to
30:39what
30:39we
30:39know
30:40and
30:41the
30:41closest
30:41resemblance
30:42to
30:42Pentaware's
30:43face
30:43is
30:44a
30:44scream.
30:47So
30:47it
30:48seems
30:48this
30:49corpse
30:49isn't
30:50actually
30:50screaming
30:51but
30:52that
30:52doesn't
30:53stop
30:53the
30:53face
30:54from
30:54looking
30:54profoundly
30:55disturbing
30:55locked
30:59forever
30:59in
31:00an
31:00expression
31:01of
31:01agonizing
31:02torment.
31:04in
31:08a
31:08glass
31:08cabinet
31:09in
31:09Jogsthausen
31:10Castle
31:10deep
31:10in
31:11the
31:11German
31:11countryside
31:12lies
31:13one
31:13of
31:13the
31:13world's
31:14most
31:14incredible
31:15objects.
31:17The
31:17untrained
31:17eye
31:17it just
31:18looks
31:18like
31:18a
31:18gauntlet
31:19that
31:19you
31:19might
31:19see
31:19on
31:19a
31:20suit
31:20of
31:20armor.
31:21This
31:21is
31:21something
31:22far
31:22far
31:23stranger
31:23and
31:24more
31:24technologically
31:25advanced.
31:28Now
31:28painstakingly
31:29reconstructing
31:30it
31:30using
31:31cutting
31:31edge
31:32imaging
31:32technology
31:33reveals
31:40it
31:40in
31:41forensic
31:41detail.
31:44It's
31:45a
31:45500
31:45year
31:46old
31:46medieval
31:47marvel.
31:48A
31:48mechanical
31:49iron
31:49hand
31:50with
31:50an
31:5018
31:51centimeter
31:51long
31:51cuff.
31:52The
31:53only
31:53one
31:53of
31:53its
31:53kind
31:54in
31:54the
31:54world.
31:56Its
31:57fingers
31:57are
31:57fully
31:58articulated
31:58and
32:00inside
32:01is
32:01a
32:01complex
32:02mechanism
32:02of
32:03cogs
32:03and
32:03springs.
32:08Its
32:09owner
32:09Gertz
32:10von
32:10Berlichingen
32:11made
32:11extravagant
32:12claims
32:12for
32:13this
32:13device.
32:15The
32:15iron
32:15hand
32:15allows
32:16him
32:16to
32:16hold
32:16a
32:16glass
32:17and
32:17ride
32:18a
32:19horse
32:20and
32:20all
32:21these
32:21things
32:21made
32:22you
32:22pretty
32:22manly
32:23and
32:23active
32:24and
32:24virile.
32:26It
32:26sounds
32:26fantastic
32:27and
32:28maybe
32:28that's
32:28all
32:28it
32:28is
32:29because
32:31Gertz
32:31has a
32:32well-earned
32:32reputation
32:33as a
32:33man
32:33given
32:34to
32:34wild
32:34and
32:35extravagant
32:35claims.
32:37At
32:38the
32:38end
32:38of
32:38the
32:38day
32:38people
32:39thought
32:39is
32:39it
32:40all
32:40true
32:40what
32:41he's
32:41writing
32:41there?
32:42Did
32:42his
32:42hand
32:42really
32:42properly
32:43work?
32:46Why
32:46was
32:46this
32:47device
32:47built?
32:49Did
32:49it
32:49really
32:49work?
32:50And
32:51who
32:51was
32:52the
32:52man
32:52with
32:52the
32:53iron
32:53hand?
32:54He
32:58lives
32:59in
32:5915th
33:00century
33:00Germany.
33:01It
33:01is
33:02a
33:02brutal
33:02violent
33:03place.
33:05The
33:05Germanic
33:05area
33:06was
33:07divided
33:07up
33:08into
33:08dozens
33:08of
33:09little
33:10principalities.
33:12Some
33:12of them
33:13were
33:13ruled
33:13by
33:13princes
33:14and
33:14by
33:14dupes.
33:15They're
33:15all
33:15at
33:15each
33:16other's
33:16throats,
33:17all
33:17trying
33:17to
33:17get
33:17their
33:18bit
33:18bigger
33:18than
33:18somebody
33:19else's.
33:20And
33:20it's
33:20enormously
33:21chaotic.
33:22You
33:22know,
33:23the
33:23same
33:23political
33:23situation
33:24isn't
33:25in
33:25place
33:25more
33:25than
33:26about
33:26three
33:26weeks
33:26before
33:27it's
33:28all
33:28changed
33:28again.
33:29Really
33:29hard to
33:29keep
33:30track
33:30of.
33:30And
33:30one
33:31of the
33:31drivers
33:31of
33:32this
33:32is
33:32the
33:32mercenaries.
33:34Each
33:34of these
33:35little
33:35states
33:35cannot
33:36raise
33:36a
33:36particularly
33:37big
33:37army.
33:38They're
33:38tiny
33:39little
33:39places.
33:40So
33:40what
33:40they
33:41do
33:41is
33:41they
33:41buy
33:42in
33:42muscle.
33:44This
33:45is
33:45the
33:45world
33:46in
33:46which
33:46Gertz
33:47von
33:47Berlichingen
33:47lives.
33:49He
33:49was
33:49born
33:50in
33:501480
33:51and
33:52he
33:52was
33:52a
33:53knight
33:53by
33:53the
33:53age
33:54of
33:5417.
33:56At
33:57the
33:57age
33:57of
33:5720
33:57he
33:58became
33:58a
33:58freelancer
33:59so
33:59to
33:59speak.
34:01Gertz
34:02may
34:02be
34:02called
34:02a
34:03knight
34:03but
34:03in
34:03reality
34:04he's
34:04an
34:05infamous
34:05mercenary.
34:06He
34:07had
34:07his
34:07own
34:07gang
34:08and
34:08he
34:09was
34:09a
34:10weapon
34:10to
34:10hire.
34:11Anybody
34:11could
34:11hire
34:12the
34:12gang
34:12and
34:13then
34:13they
34:13would
34:13go
34:13there
34:13and
34:14fight
34:14for
34:14that
34:14person.
34:15And
34:16he
34:16was
34:16killing
34:16people
34:17and
34:17robbing
34:17people
34:18and
34:18making
34:19money
34:19out
34:19of
34:19that.
34:21Then
34:22at
34:22the
34:22age
34:23of
34:2324
34:23it
34:24all
34:24goes
34:24wrong
34:25for
34:25him.
34:27In
34:271504
34:28Gertz
34:29is
34:29fighting
34:30for
34:30a
34:30Bavarian
34:31Duke
34:31and
34:32during
34:32one
34:32of
34:32the
34:33battles
34:33a
34:33cannonball
34:34hits
34:34his
34:34arm
34:35and
34:35slices
34:35off
34:36his
34:36hand
34:37and
34:37a
34:37part
34:38of
34:38his
34:38arm.
34:40Before
34:41antibiotics
34:41such
34:42wounds
34:42are
34:43often
34:43fatal.
34:45Gertz
34:45is
34:46in
34:46luck.
34:47He
34:47survives
34:48but
34:48he
34:48loses
34:49his
34:49right
34:49forearm
34:50and
34:50hand.
34:52It
34:52seems
34:52his
34:53days
34:53as
34:53a
34:53fighting
34:54night
34:54are
34:54over.
34:57Whilst
34:58Gertz
34:58is
34:58in bed
34:59being
34:59ill
35:00he's
35:00not
35:00giving
35:01up.
35:01He's
35:01trying
35:01to
35:02figure
35:02something
35:02out.
35:02he wants
35:04to
35:04continue
35:04to
35:04do
35:04his
35:05job
35:05so
35:05he
35:06designs
35:06a
35:06new
35:06arm
35:07and
35:07hand
35:08for
35:08himself
35:08to
35:09grab
35:09a
35:09weapon
35:10and
35:10to
35:10continue
35:11to
35:11kill.
35:13He
35:13certainly
35:14isn't
35:14the
35:14first
35:14person
35:15to
35:15come
35:15up
35:15with
35:15the
35:16idea
35:16of
35:16artificial
35:17body
35:17parts.
35:19I
35:19think
35:19there's
35:20a
35:20general
35:20idea
35:20that
35:21prosthetics
35:22haven't
35:22been
35:22around
35:22for
35:22that
35:23long.
35:25There
35:25are
35:25a
35:25couple
35:25of
35:25really
35:26good
35:26examples
35:26from
35:26ancient
35:27Egypt
35:27the
35:28best
35:28of
35:28which
35:29is
35:29probably
35:29a
35:30prosthetic
35:30toe
35:31that
35:32was
35:32designed
35:33to
35:33go
35:33onto
35:34the
35:34right
35:35toe
35:35of
35:36a
35:36noble
35:36woman.
35:37It's
35:37really
35:38amazing.
35:39It's
35:39made
35:39of
35:39wood
35:39and
35:40leather.
35:40It
35:41has
35:41a
35:41hinge
35:42so
35:42that
35:42it
35:42can
35:42move
35:43with
35:43her
35:43foot's
35:44movement
35:44more
35:44easily
35:45and
35:45it
35:46has
35:46a
35:46nice
35:46leather
35:46strap
35:47for
35:47comfort
35:48we
35:48think.
35:49Even
35:49the
35:50Romans
35:50get
35:50in
35:50on
35:51the
35:51act.
35:53Pliny
35:53the
35:53elder
35:54describes
35:55a
35:55man
35:55who
35:55finds
35:56to
35:56be
35:56incredibly
35:57heroic.
35:58His
35:58name
35:58is
35:59Marcus
35:59Sergius
36:00Silas.
36:01He
36:01is
36:01famous
36:02for
36:03having
36:03his
36:03arm
36:04cut
36:04off
36:04in
36:04battle
36:04and
36:05refusing
36:06to
36:06step
36:06down
36:07and
36:07he
36:08actually
36:08had
36:08an
36:09iron
36:10bit
36:11added
36:11onto
36:12his
36:12arm
36:12the
36:13shield
36:13side
36:13arm
36:14to
36:14hold
36:14up
36:14a
36:14shield
36:15so
36:15that
36:15he
36:15could
36:15continue
36:16fighting.
36:17He
36:18was
36:18unhorsed
36:19numerous
36:19times.
36:20He
36:20went
36:20on
36:20to
36:20fight
36:20numerous
36:21battles.
36:23But
36:24Goertz
36:24has
36:24a vision
36:25of
36:25something
36:25far more
36:26sophisticated.
36:29Goertz
36:30goes
36:30to
36:30a
36:30blacksmith
36:31and
36:32really
36:32tries
36:32to
36:32find
36:33something
36:33that
36:33works.
36:34Not
36:34just
36:34a
36:35hook
36:35or
36:35a
36:36wooden
36:36stump
36:37or
36:37something
36:38but
36:38something
36:38that
36:39really
36:39allows
36:39him
36:39to
36:40continue
36:40to
36:41function
36:41and
36:42to
36:42work.
36:46Two
36:47years
36:47after
36:48losing
36:48his
36:48hand
36:49Goertz
36:49is
36:49back
36:50on
36:50the
36:50battlefield
36:50with
36:51a
36:51metal
36:51prosthetic.
36:53But
36:54he's
36:54not
36:54satisfied
36:55with his
36:55first
36:56attempt.
36:58First
36:58one
36:59was
37:00still
37:00relatively
37:01remarkable
37:02in that
37:02it would
37:03open
37:03and
37:03close
37:04but
37:04more
37:05of a
37:05binary
37:05on
37:06and
37:07off
37:07sort
37:07of
37:08grip.
37:09But
37:09the
37:09second
37:10version
37:10is
37:10truly
37:11remarkable.
37:13What
37:13Goertz
37:14comes up
37:14with
37:15appears
37:15to be
37:16a
37:16uniquely
37:16sophisticated
37:17iron
37:18hand.
37:19The brief
37:19he must
37:20have taken
37:20to his
37:20blacksmith
37:21was pretty
37:21incredible.
37:22He wanted
37:23to have
37:23each individual
37:24digit fully
37:25articulated
37:25and he wanted
37:26to be able
37:26to hold
37:27a sword
37:27and take
37:28it into
37:28battle.
37:29That is
37:29a pretty
37:30incredible
37:30list of
37:31demands
37:31to take
37:31to a
37:3216th
37:32century
37:32blacksmith.
37:34It
37:35sounds
37:35astonishing
37:36and Goertz
37:37certainly
37:37tells
37:37everyone
37:38it is.
37:40But
37:40does
37:41it
37:41actually
37:41work?
37:43Now
37:44new
37:44research
37:45can
37:45finally
37:45answer
37:46that
37:46question.
37:47challenge
37:52of
37:53building
37:53the
37:54prosthetic
37:54hand
37:54is
37:55having
37:55a
37:55combination
37:56of
37:56being
37:57able
37:57to
37:57move
37:57and
37:58adapt
37:59the
37:59grip
37:59but
38:00then
38:00actually
38:00when
38:00you're
38:00ready
38:01to
38:01hold
38:01it
38:01to
38:02actually
38:02have
38:02it
38:02fixed
38:03into
38:03a
38:03very
38:04robust
38:05mechanical
38:06hold
38:06say
38:06especially
38:07in the
38:07case
38:07of
38:08Getz
38:08if
38:08he's
38:08holding
38:08a
38:09sword
38:09or
38:10the
38:10rein
38:10of
38:10a
38:10horse
38:11he
38:11needs
38:11for
38:11that
38:11to
38:12be
38:12a
38:12very
38:13tight
38:13grip.
38:13To
38:15understand
38:16just
38:16how
38:16clever
38:17Gertz's
38:17hand
38:18is
38:18you
38:19need
38:19to
38:19look
38:19at
38:19the
38:20mechanisms
38:20inside
38:21it.
38:22The
38:23key
38:23is
38:23a
38:24ratchet
38:24and
38:24pawl
38:24system.
38:26A
38:27ratchet
38:27has
38:27a
38:28series
38:28of
38:28teeth.
38:29A
38:29pawl
38:29falls
38:30into
38:30each
38:30tooth
38:31as
38:31it
38:31rotates
38:32and
38:33because
38:33of
38:33the
38:33shape
38:33of
38:33the
38:34teeth
38:34the
38:34pawl
38:35prevents
38:35the
38:35joint
38:36going
38:36backwards.
38:37To
38:37do
38:37that
38:38the
38:38pawl
38:39has
38:39to
38:39be
38:39lifted
38:39clear.
38:43It's
38:44exactly
38:44the
38:45same
38:45mechanism
38:45still
38:46found
38:46in
38:47handcuffs.
38:50In
38:50the
38:50iron
38:51hand
38:51each
38:52finger
38:52contains
38:53three
38:53of
38:54these
38:54mechanisms
38:54that
38:55can
38:56lock
38:56every
38:56knuckle
38:56joint
38:57in
38:57place.
38:59So
39:00Gertz
39:00can
39:00use
39:00his
39:01good
39:01hand
39:01to
39:01push
39:02the
39:02metal
39:02fingers
39:02around
39:03an
39:03object
39:04until
39:04the
39:04grip
39:05is
39:05tight
39:05enough.
39:06The
39:06ratchet
39:07and
39:07pawl
39:07keeps
39:08it
39:08that
39:08way.
39:09Pressing
39:09a
39:09small
39:10button
39:10on
39:10the
39:10side
39:10of
39:11the
39:11hand
39:11disengages
39:12the pawl
39:13and
39:13releases
39:13the
39:13ratchets
39:14allowing
39:15the
39:15hand
39:15to
39:15open.
39:18Another
39:18button
39:18on
39:19the
39:19back
39:19allows
39:20the
39:20hand
39:20to
39:20pivot
39:21at
39:21the
39:21wrist
39:21joint.
39:24Gertz
39:25tells
39:25everyone
39:26how
39:26fantastic
39:27his
39:27new
39:27hand
39:28is.
39:29Gertz
39:29claimed
39:29that
39:30his
39:30new
39:30hand
39:30and
39:31arm
39:31rendered
39:31more
39:32service
39:32in
39:32the
39:33fight
39:33than
39:33did
39:34his
39:34original
39:35hand
39:35and
39:35arm
39:36out
39:36of
39:36flesh
39:36and
39:37bone.
39:38The
39:38problem
39:39with
39:39Gertz
39:39is
39:39that
39:39he
39:40is
39:40famously
39:41economical
39:41with
39:41the
39:42truth.
39:43He
39:43would
39:44write
39:44a
39:44beautiful
39:45autobiography
39:46and
39:46of course
39:46it
39:47would
39:47only
39:47show
39:47the
39:47best
39:48of
39:48him.
39:48He
39:49would
39:49not
39:49tell
39:49about
39:49murder
39:50and
39:50rubbing
39:50people
39:51all
39:51the
39:51time
39:51but
39:52he
39:52would
39:52always
39:52see
39:53that
39:53he's
39:54represented
39:55in a
39:56good
39:56light.
39:57So
39:58can
39:58Gertz
39:58really
39:59hold
39:59a
39:59glass
40:00grip
40:00the
40:00reins
40:00of
40:01his
40:01horse
40:01and
40:02wield
40:02a
40:02sword
40:03as
40:03he
40:03claims.
40:07Over
40:07the
40:07last
40:08500
40:08years
40:09there's
40:09been
40:09no
40:09shortage
40:10of
40:10doubters.
40:12Now
40:12new
40:13research
40:13can
40:13finally
40:14settle
40:14it
40:14once
40:15and
40:15for
40:15all.
40:17The
40:17University
40:18of
40:18Offenburg
40:19they
40:19studied
40:21the
40:21design
40:21of
40:22the
40:22hand.
40:24The
40:24research
40:25has
40:25started
40:25with
40:26his
40:26simpler
40:26Mark
40:27I
40:27hand.
40:28They
40:29actually
40:29used
40:293D
40:29printing
40:30technology
40:30to
40:31replicate
40:31the
40:32design
40:33and
40:34part
40:34of
40:34what
40:34that
40:34study
40:34demonstrated
40:35was
40:36the
40:36extremes
40:37that
40:38the
40:38hand
40:38was able
40:38to
40:39achieve.
40:39from
40:40relatively
40:40robust
40:41grips
40:41that
40:42would
40:42be
40:42used
40:42say
40:43in
40:43battle
40:43all
40:43the
40:44way
40:44to
40:44the
40:44more
40:45fine
40:45finely
40:46dexterous
40:47applications
40:47such as
40:48holding
40:48a pin.
40:50The
40:50Mark
40:50I
40:50hand
40:51contains
40:51many
40:52of the
40:52key
40:52technologies
40:53that
40:53Gertz
40:53refines
40:54in the
40:54Mark
40:55II.
40:56So
40:57based
40:57on this
40:58research
40:58it
40:59seems
40:59Gertz
41:00isn't
41:00boasting.
41:01His
41:01mechanical
41:02hand
41:02really
41:03does
41:04work.
41:06This
41:06is
41:06effectively
41:06a 500
41:07year old
41:08almost
41:08fully functioning
41:09mechanical
41:10prosthetic
41:11iron hand.
41:13Perhaps the
41:14proof of just
41:14how well it
41:15works is the
41:16life Gertz
41:17lives.
41:18After losing
41:19his hand,
41:20Gertz continues
41:20to live for
41:2158 years.
41:23And his work
41:24was plundering,
41:25murdering,
41:26and you know,
41:27drinking,
41:27gambling,
41:28so his hand
41:29quite obviously
41:30worked very well.
41:31Gertz
41:33has become
41:34a German
41:34folk hero
41:35and it's all
41:36because of
41:37something that
41:37happened 200
41:38years after
41:39his death.
41:41Gertz
41:41would probably
41:42not be
41:42known if
41:43German
41:43national poet
41:44Goethe
41:45would not
41:46have put him
41:46into one
41:47of his
41:47plays,
41:48a very
41:48famous play.
41:50In this
41:50play,
41:51Gertz
41:51is quoted
41:52as saying
41:53in German
41:53which roughly
41:56translates into
41:57kiss my
41:58ass,
41:59but actually
42:00it's much
42:00worse.
42:03Gertz's iron
42:04hand is
42:04centuries ahead
42:05of its time.
42:07A fully
42:07functioning
42:08medieval
42:08prosthetic.
42:11The latest
42:12state-of-the-art
42:13electronic prosthetics
42:14appear to have
42:15moved on a long
42:16way from
42:16Gertz's
42:17cranks and
42:17levers.
42:21Neuromusculoskeletal
42:22prostheses
42:22connect the
42:23prosthetic
42:24directly into
42:24the user's
42:25nerves,
42:26muscles,
42:27and skeleton.
42:29Through the
42:30use of
42:31electrodes,
42:31it's even
42:32possible for
42:32the wearer
42:33to control
42:33a prosthetic
42:34with their
42:35mind.
42:39Gertz's
42:40iron hand
42:40seems like
42:41a relic
42:42of the
42:42distant past,
42:43but the
42:44researchers
42:45who test
42:45his design
42:46don't agree.
42:48They believe
42:49it could have
42:50far-reaching
42:51consequences
42:51for people
42:52all around
42:53in the world.
42:55This is like
42:56Gertz's
42:56are still
42:57relevant today
42:58because of
42:59the cost
42:59of prosthetics.
43:01And so
43:01especially in
43:02some geographies
43:04they just
43:04can't afford
43:05some of the
43:05most advanced
43:06prosthetics.
43:06So systems
43:07like Gertz's
43:08could still
43:08be very,
43:09very useful.
43:11So,
43:12ironically,
43:13it's possible
43:14in the future
43:14there may be
43:15people around
43:16the world
43:16who will owe
43:17a huge debt
43:17of gratitude
43:18to a man
43:19who made
43:20a very
43:20successful
43:21career out
43:21of robbery
43:22and murder.
43:24If Gertz
43:25knew this
43:25was going
43:26to happen
43:26he'd probably
43:27have put it
43:28in his
43:28autobiography.
43:30Anything
43:30to make
43:31sound good?
43:32Thank you.
43:33Υπότιτλοι AUTHORWAVE
44:03Υπότιτλοι AUTHORWAVE
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