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00:00:00絶滅危惧種 北城西
00:00:20地球上に残されたのは2頭のメスだけ
00:00:312018年 最後のオス スーダンが死に 絶滅が確定したはずだった
00:00:41しかし
00:00:45絶滅危惧種の細胞は約400種類の 生物の種類があります
00:00:51スーダンは2018年 死亡です
00:00:55その細胞はまだ生きています
00:00:59スーダンは 本当に死んでいません
00:01:03生物の細胞はまだ生きています
00:01:06死んだ絶滅危惧種の細胞から
00:01:12新たな命を人工的に生み出す プロジェクトが進行している
00:01:20この細胞は死んだ個体からできた細胞で
00:01:24無限に増殖をして
00:01:26何にでもなれる能力を持ったiPS細胞ですね
00:01:30卵子を作れば
00:01:32それから子どもができる ということになります
00:01:34命とは何か
00:01:40最先端の医療現場では こんな治療が始まっている
00:01:52豚の臓器を人間に移植して 患者の命を救おうというのだ
00:01:59心配じゃない
00:02:01パクラスティナイティング
00:02:03何かといけない
00:02:04何かといけない
00:02:05自分の所持ちに持ち上がらない
00:02:06何かといけない
00:02:07自分のように思っていません
00:02:08何かといけない
00:02:09何かといけない
00:02:10自分の身を生きていく
00:02:11生活するといけない
00:02:13私はエクジタルトーンまで居る
00:02:15私はエクジタルトーンっている
00:02:16私はエクジタルトーンに行っています
00:02:18命は何かとしたい
00:02:20命だろう
00:02:21命は何だろう
00:02:24何かとして、私たちは生きているの
00:02:26The whole thing is important to know the other.
00:02:33It is happening in the world of human beings.
00:02:40The human beings are a human being.
00:02:45The human beings are the human beings.
00:02:49What is the human being?
00:02:52The answer to the question, the journey over the planet is going to start.
00:03:14The start of the journey is a mail.
00:03:17I'm not sure if I can.
00:03:29Dr. Montgomery has a conflict for the interview date.
00:03:32He is available on November 26th instead.
00:03:38There are some changes happening on our end.
00:03:43There's not much more I can share at this time.
00:03:46Until I can catch up with him.
00:03:57The medical doctor of the United States, Robert Montgomery.
00:04:05At this time, there was a special treatment plan for him.
00:04:12She started to develop some of the cardiac complications of long-term dialysis, and she has no pathway to a human kidney.
00:04:24Unfortunately, there just aren't enough human organs available.
00:04:29And what we know is that only about 4% of the people who develop organ failure each year will get transplanted.
00:04:38And I think the only way out of, you know, this incredible rationing is to find another source.
00:04:48And this is the most promising organs from gene-edited pigs.
00:04:52The compassionate use of Xenokidney is tentatively happening on November 25th.
00:05:10Did you ever have, at any point, any doubts or worries about this right now?
00:05:28No. None.
00:05:29Okay.
00:05:30None.
00:05:31No second guessing, no pressure, no wondering, no procrastinating, no what else.
00:05:45I got on the dialysis in 2016 of December.
00:06:082017, I got on the kidney transplant list.
00:06:15Eight years of dialysis.
00:06:19It takes a lot of your time.
00:06:21It's three days a week, four hours a day.
00:06:25It's a lot.
00:06:27It takes a lot of your time.
00:06:30Because most people, when they get off the machine a week and nauseated, they don't feel like doing anything.
00:06:45We've been together since 2000.
00:06:48Working together.
00:06:51It was working at Target.
00:06:53I'm behind her whatever she wants to do.
00:06:57But if she tell me she want to do it, I'm going to go stand behind her.
00:07:02There she is.
00:07:06She's into sports.
00:07:07Okay.
00:07:08Cheerleading.
00:07:09Okay.
00:07:10Cheerleading.
00:07:11Oh, she's great.
00:07:12She wants me at every game on Saturday.
00:07:15Oh, okay.
00:07:16Okay.
00:07:17Mm-hmm.
00:07:18I want to try with my grandkids.
00:07:21With my family.
00:07:23I want that pig kidney.
00:07:26I want to do that.
00:07:27I want to do that.
00:07:28You have to take off all our clothes, including the underwear.
00:07:30Have to show her in, shower our hair as well.
00:07:35Well it is um, first thing is is the artist.
00:07:39Can you cover it?
00:07:40I want to have people neck shots.
00:07:41In her family.
00:07:42Let Alicia let's jump over.
00:07:43fonction.
00:07:45The Japanesecía chickenamerала is that P absent her head.
00:07:46Do this dog's собой?
00:07:48Okay.
00:07:49How do I don't know?
00:07:51Should I get aive more pain than that?
00:07:53Who are very pain at fighting?
00:07:56So ladies, first thing is to protect our pigs from getting any pathogens from humans.
00:08:06So all the pigs you can see here are genetically modified clone pigs that can serve as organ donors in about two to three months.
00:08:45Some carbohydrates are sugar molecules that are expressed on the surface of animal organs
00:08:56that were lost during evolution to a human.
00:09:03Our immune system recognizes those sugars as potentially attackers, something that could
00:09:09be trying to cause harm.
00:09:12If you take a pig organ that is not gene-edited and you attach it to the blood vessels of
00:09:18any human, it will immediately turn purple and it's rejected immediately.
00:09:29Close your mouth open up and the surgery.
00:09:32We're also going to place another IV in your left arm, and then we're also going to place
00:09:37the arterial line that's going to go in the artery right here in your wrist, just a few
00:09:42things that you're going to wake up.
00:09:44Okay.
00:09:45All right.
00:09:47All right.
00:09:48Are we waiting long enough?
00:09:52...and I've lived through my brain and lived through my brain.
00:10:22out from my heart transplant and here I am sitting talking to you I understand
00:10:27exactly where she is because I have been there I think she has looked into her
00:10:36future and she has come to the conclusion that the life that she's
00:10:41living now is not something that she wants to continue with
00:10:56異食用の豚の腎臓が運ばれてきた
00:11:11豚の腎臓が戸穴さんに移植される
00:11:27腎臓と体中の細胞とのパイプ薬となる血管をつなぐ
00:11:41I'm just trying to not put too much tension on it
00:11:45ok
00:11:46straight
00:11:47ok
00:11:52so I'm taking the clamp off of the vein
00:11:56you'll see it'll be kind of
00:12:00a little bit dark colored initially
00:12:04and now I'm taking the clamp off the artery
00:12:07and it should be nice and pink
00:12:10yeah
00:12:11yeah it is
00:12:12beautiful
00:12:13豚と人間の細胞が共に機能し始めた
00:12:17gorgeous
00:12:22looks beautiful
00:12:25alright
00:12:27Adam are you get a look at it?
00:12:30did you get a look at it?
00:12:31yeah
00:12:32yeah
00:12:33it is amazing I mean my skin tone is different I feel better I got energy I
00:12:46don't feel sluggish tired I'm ready to go yeah it's a blessing this blessing
00:12:56細胞研究で様々な実績を残してきた世界的権威 ジョージチャーチ
00:13:15異種異色は今最も注目される研究分野の一つだという
00:13:22I am vegan and there are 3 billion pigs and tens of billions of other animals
00:13:33that are sacrificed each year just for food which I think is a waste but for
00:13:37healthcare I think we have a different standard we may even get to the point
00:13:42where people might do elective organ transgresses because they're better
00:13:47organs actually be better than human in some way or another we can
00:13:52engineer them to be even more resistant to not just to human viruses but all
00:13:58viruses including emerging viruses we would like them to be low senescence we
00:14:04did all these engineering sets which that was science fiction but isn't anymore
00:14:09and and now the transplants are being tested it will still be reasonable to
00:14:16doubt it until we have hundreds of patients benefiting from this which
00:14:21hopefully is very soon right
00:14:23hopefully is very soon right
00:14:28Why are we living here?
00:14:38Where did our life come from?
00:14:58Where did our life come from?
00:15:15Where did our life come from?
00:15:21It's interesting because Charles Darwin even considered in a letter that he wrote to a
00:15:32colleague of his that perhaps life began in a warm little pond.
00:15:39Why are we who we are?
00:15:41Why do we use the building blocks that we're made up of?
00:15:44And I think that those are the types of things that I've personally been drawn to.
00:15:48My name is Steven Freed.
00:15:50And we're interested in understanding how proteins came together for the first time in order
00:15:55to get life started.
00:15:59And we think that there was a common origin that all of us share.
00:16:06Of course, this was happening a very long time ago, probably on the order of 3.8 billion years ago.
00:16:13That's the last universal common ancestor.
00:16:20The libraries with the entire life of the world.
00:16:25The origin of children of the world.
00:16:26Luka.
00:16:27The recollection of the existence of the universe.
00:16:29The true human beings are the onesade.
00:16:32Luka.
00:16:33The nature that played the world.
00:16:35Luka is the only one on the Earth.
00:16:38He added to the centralthing of the family.
00:16:40Luka is the root of the world.
00:16:42Amino acids sort of come out as some of the more abundant organic molecules that you find
00:16:49on these things that literally are floating in space and then land on Earth.
00:16:54We know that if you look at meteorites, actually we can detect thousands of different amino
00:16:59acids that would have existed before there would have been cells, before there would
00:17:04have been life.
00:17:06But what's actually really amazing is that across all organisms, across all the tree
00:17:12of life, that we think of as being less related to us, like plants, amoeba, bacteria, use these
00:17:2120 letters strung together in different combinations in order to create all the diverse proteins.
00:17:29What makes these 20 amino acids special?
00:17:32That kind of makes us scratch our heads for a little bit and think like, hmm, like maybe
00:17:35this is really where life started.
00:17:54And so what we're interested in doing here is trying to simulate those types of conditions.
00:17:59Let's say 3.8 billion years ago when life was first forming.
00:18:03We might think of what might in a modern time be like a swamp or a desert, very, very, very
00:18:10dry deserts such as the Atacama.
00:18:12You might have imagined like a warm little pond that was full of salts and amino acids.
00:18:19As you go from day to night, day to night, you basically cycle between having areas that
00:18:25are wet and areas that are dry.
00:18:26So what we're doing is we're taking combinations of amino acids, putting them together in a little
00:18:39test tube, adding water, and then simply by using a hot plate in order to simulate sort of
00:18:44a hot summer day.
00:18:51And one thing that is interesting is that there's something that's quite special about these
00:18:5920 amino acids that they seem to be really very well adapted for coming together into combinations
00:19:06of proteins that are capable of folding to make the proteins that our cells need.
00:19:11So these are the winners.
00:19:12These were sort of like the 20 that were the most adapted, we think, for being able to create
00:19:17complex molecular structures and architectures.
00:19:21We're pretty confident that the last universal common ancestor used these exact same 20 amino acids
00:19:28to make all of their proteins.
00:19:30They're just so grateful that they were created.
00:19:32What does it, the vitamin C are able to do in order of certain amino acids?
00:19:33They're able to do in order of calcium, they're able to create a amino acid, and it's simple according to the
00:19:351 to 1 to 1 to 2 to 3 is a new protein.
00:19:36This is the vitamin C.
00:19:39What biology sort of stumbled across were a set of 20 letters that sort of each had their own unique
00:20:09character.
00:20:12So an example that I like to give is that Shakespeare wrote only took 26 letters of the English alphabet.
00:20:22When you read the plays of Shakespeare, there's of course many diverse ideas, emotions, characters
00:20:31that you read in those pages.
00:20:34There's 26 English letters, it creates words, and then those words create sentences, and
00:20:39then from sentences we have, you know, like love and poetry.
00:20:44That's really the way that I think of proteins, is that proteins are like these big ideas that
00:20:49can do complex things, and yet they're made up of like a relatively small set of building
00:20:55blocks.
00:20:57Proteins take, you know, all these myriad different forms and shapes and are responsible for all
00:21:01the functions that our cells need in order to keep us alive.
00:21:08And so it will be.
00:21:11The moment I see is the only tiny細 I can tell.
00:21:15Genre is the only real that we are going through in the future.
00:21:18Now, what do we live in our lives?
00:21:21How do we live in our lives?
00:21:22How do we live in our lives?
00:21:26How do we live in the future?
00:21:27We live in our lives.
00:21:29What is this mysterious danse?
00:21:32So my name is Purificación López-García.
00:21:44I'm a biologist and particularly interested in microbial biology and evolution.
00:21:55The first half of the history of life on Earth, life was microbial and the environment
00:22:02at that time may have looked very much like these settings where we don't find that much animals and blood.
00:22:08So it's likely that life originated in places maybe similar to these ones.
00:22:26Okay, let's try to see if I can collect the piece here.
00:22:32Oh, it's hard.
00:22:38Okay, so we have a fragment of microbial light.
00:22:44I often call this a forest of the past because this type of communities have been existing
00:22:50for almost all life existence on Earth actually.
00:22:56Well, basically species, we find several thousands, maybe three, five thousand species.
00:23:02You have this green photosynthetic layer corresponding mostly to different kinds of cyanobacteria,
00:23:12this oxygenic photosynthetic bacteria.
00:23:18Then we have this layer, red layer, dominated by alpha-proteobacteria.
00:23:23So you have different types of organisms mixed with those.
00:23:27We have different types of animals that exist.
00:23:32It has an image that we live in a different way from day to day to day to day to day to day.
00:23:37実は枝分かれするだけじゃなかった。
00:23:41どういうことか。
00:23:43そこに、生き物が爆発的に多様化した鍵がある。
00:23:51今から25億年ほど前、当時、地球の大気は大半が二酸化炭素だった。
00:24:01However, the chemical of the plants are in the form of the plant, and the plant is in the form of the plant.
00:24:11The time, we have been able to work with this alpha-proteo bacteria.
00:24:19The plant is used to energy and energy.
00:24:24This bacteria started a new generation of other species, and started a new generation.
00:24:34That became our ancestors.
00:24:39Symbiosis is actually a very common phenomenon, and this is an example of that.
00:24:44You see also endosymbiotic bacteria that have this blackish part.
00:24:49So there's a wide, actually, diversity of interactions, and most likely the environment regulates the type of interaction.
00:25:03We need the others.
00:25:04Monster
00:25:11whicent and g Pfizer
00:25:14Alpha-proteo bacteria
00:25:17Alpha-proteo bacterias
00:25:20Alpha-proteo bacterii
00:25:28It's a matter of work.
00:25:31Just look at it.
00:25:35In the world of the cells.
00:25:38There is a lot of space in the world.
00:25:43It's a matter of 20 types of amino acids.
00:25:48It's a matter of life.
00:25:53There it is.
00:25:55Mitochondria.
00:25:59The light of light is ATP.
00:26:03It's used to create energy energy in the cells.
00:26:11So probably having mitochondria that are organelles using this oxygen respiration
00:26:19help multicellularity at some point.
00:26:23Because it provides a lot of energy that is used for movement
00:26:28and for all kinds of complex interactions between cells.
00:26:32We can have access to a whole set of new ecological niches
00:26:38that are associated to cells being bigger, to be more complex.
00:26:43You can have different functions.
00:26:45And this process has a strong component of randomness,
00:26:50these random mutations,
00:26:52and then a strong component that is highly deterministic
00:26:55that is imposed by natural selection.
00:26:58And then you will select the most adapted organisms,
00:27:02the most fit to particular environments,
00:27:05and this trigger diversification.
00:27:07A human-based animal is often more efficient.
00:27:12The human-based animal is often different.
00:27:15However, the human-based animal has grown up.
00:27:17It's too much no matter,
00:27:18we are more efficient.
00:27:24活発に泳ぎ回る魚空を飛ぶ鳥地に根を下ろす巨大な木みんなルカという一つの細胞の末えいなんだ。
00:27:51私自信も。
00:28:21私自信も。
00:28:28私自信も。
00:28:33私自信も。
00:28:40私自信も。
00:28:46私自信も。
00:29:01私自信も。
00:29:16私自信も。
00:29:30私自信も。
00:29:36私自信も。
00:29:46私自信も。
00:29:51私自信も。
00:30:07私自信も。
00:30:23私自信も。
00:30:27私自信も。
00:30:43私自信も。
00:30:47私自信も。
00:31:01私自信も。
00:31:07私自信も。
00:31:21私自信も。
00:31:27私自信も。
00:31:43私自信も。
00:31:47私自信も。
00:32:03私自信も。
00:32:07私自信も。
00:32:31私自信も。
00:32:45私自信も。
00:32:47私自信も。
00:32:51I think we can control nature, but actually we are destroying nature at the same time,
00:32:55so we are not that intelligent as to.
00:32:58We are an invasive species.
00:33:21What is the name of Fatou?
00:33:28Fatou!
00:33:29Fatou!
00:33:30Hi!
00:33:31How are you?
00:33:33How are you?
00:33:34How are you?
00:33:35To the death of the Countdown, the北城祭.
00:33:40The death of the Countdown is the name of Fatou, and the mother of Fatou.
00:33:58The reason that the Countdown is the death of the Countdown, is the death of the Countdown.
00:34:07It is the name of the Countdown.
00:34:10It is the name of the Countdown.
00:34:14Fatou!
00:34:18The Countdown is working for the Countdown.
00:34:21Fatou is 24 years old.
00:34:26She is becoming a little bit crampy.
00:34:31They like belly rubs.
00:34:33They like to be stroke behind the ears.
00:34:36Yeah, and they feel so gentle when you do that.
00:34:44Fatou was in 2009,
00:34:47and she came to the house with her mother,
00:34:49and she came to the house in the forest.
00:34:53We have the two northern white trainers,
00:34:55and we have the southern white trainers with them.
00:34:57They are two subspecies, and they are staying together.
00:35:00They look the same by far, but as we approach them very closely.
00:35:06Can you see the ears of Fatou, and look at the ears of that southern white rino?
00:35:12Yeah.
00:35:13Yeah.
00:35:18Northern white trainers, they have hairy or fluffy ears.
00:35:23The reason why they are having more fluffy ears is due to the climatic areas or regions.
00:35:29They have no meaning of the tratou and fatou.
00:35:32They are the best friends from behind.
00:35:33Yeah.
00:35:34So, Fatou and fatou, they are two best friends.
00:35:35Yeah.
00:35:36So, that is all.
00:35:37The first time they are hanging out,
00:35:38they're very good friends.
00:35:39Thewestern eş and fatou are the best friends.
00:35:40タラワは動物園育ちのファトゥーに野生の暮らしを教えてくれる。
00:35:50あっ、一緒にトイレ。違う種でも仲がいいんだな。
00:35:59トイレを済ませたら気持ちよさそうに昼寝。
00:36:09生姿の姿に生きるのとも、やはり、 雑貨物の友に関している。
00:36:15様々な子供の姿はおそらく、 雑貨物のために、 雑貨物のために、 雑貨物のために、 雑貨物のために、 雑貨物のために、雑貨物のために、雑貨物となっている。
00:36:36I think people will assume that loss of one species is not a big deal.
00:36:43Loss of one part of the fabric may not appear to be impactful, but lose one, two, three,
00:36:51and immediately you begin to see certain crumbling and collapse of the web.
00:36:57Every species has a role within the food web and occupies a particular space within the
00:37:04ecosystem that allows for continuity.
00:37:34How?
00:37:36I'm cool, I'm cool, I'm cool, I'm cool, I'm cool.
00:37:42Once I take over, my workers patrol the whole night.
00:37:46We have come across the rhinos, they have killed and push out, chop out the rhinos, the horns.
00:37:56It was terrible, very bad, very bad, feeling very bad.
00:37:59They killed just because of their small horn.
00:38:05So here with me, I still have a photo of Sudan.
00:38:23And this is the end of his life.
00:38:34I was there and it was really such a sad day because he was the last male of his kind.
00:38:41By losing Sudan as the last male, we care to know that extinction is something real.
00:38:49Yeah, we care to all witness that extinction is something real.
00:38:57The last male, Sudan, died.
00:39:03But the human being, he wanted to make it.
00:39:08The last male, Sudan, died.
00:39:15We have nearly 400 different species of living cells here.
00:39:31There's about 10% are critically endangered.
00:39:36My name is Thomas Hildewand.
00:39:38I'm a reproduction specialist and I like to serve the white life conservation.
00:39:47The room is called a broken bank.
00:39:52The cells of the cells of the cells are asleep at minus 196 degrees.
00:39:59The cells of the cells of the cells are alive.
00:40:19The cells of the cells have been born.
00:40:20SUDAN IS DEAD SINCE 2018 AND HIS CELLS ARE STILL ALIVE
00:40:30SO WE HAVE THE PHRASE SUDAN IS ACTUALLY NOT REALLY DEAD BECAUSE THE CELLS ARE STILL LIVING
00:40:36ここには合計7頭のキタシロサイの細胞が凍結保存されている
00:40:43絶滅危惧種の凍結細胞から新しい命を生み出すというプロジェクトが進行しているのだ
00:40:53でも保存されているのは皮膚などいわゆる体細胞と言われるもの
00:41:01一体そこからどうやって子供を作るんだろう
00:41:05WE NEED THE CELL TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPED IN JAPAN TO MAKE IN VITRO X KATSUIKO HAYASHI
00:41:15AND HE GAVE US A COMPLETELY NEW IDEA HOW TO SOLVE THE PROBLEM
00:41:21CHANGO HAYASHI
00:41:23HELLO
00:41:25GOOD TO SEE YOU
00:41:29GOOD TO SEE YOU
00:41:30THANK YOU, THANK YOU FOR MEETING US
00:41:32AND MEETING BEFORE CHRISTMAS
00:41:33THAT'S VERY GOOD
00:41:35YOU MONEY ARE VERY WISY
00:41:37YEAH, WE HAD REALLY BUSY DAYS BEHIND US
00:41:41I WAS IN CHINA WORKING WITH PANDAS
00:41:43OH REALLY?
00:41:44CHINA IS NOW HIGHLY INTERESTED IN
00:41:46I'm highly interested in utilizing our third way, going to museums and manipulating cell culture, because there are a lot of very important specimens, so I think you will get an invitation soon to China.
00:42:02Okay.
00:42:03I'm a nurse.
00:42:05Hiyase Katsuhiko.
00:42:06I've studied how different types of cells were formed.
00:42:11This work is called the
00:42:28Ips細胞とは
00:42:43いわゆる万能細胞
00:42:46受精卵から分化して
00:42:50皮膚や血液になった細胞を
00:42:54特殊な処理によって
00:42:56再び受精卵に近い状態にまで戻したもの
00:43:00様々な臓器になる力を持っている
00:43:06こういう意味での細胞がIps細胞ですね
00:43:12何でもなれるということを示している
00:43:15タンパクを可視化したと見えるようにした状態になります
00:43:20未だに増え続けている細胞です
00:43:24これは何でもなれる細胞なので
00:43:27例えば卵子を作れば
00:43:29それから子供ができるということになります
00:43:31チューブの中に白い塊が分かりますかね
00:43:49液体の中に舞っている白い塊ですね
00:43:52あれが資源生殖細胞です
00:43:54資源生殖細胞とは
00:44:00卵子・精子のもとになる細胞
00:44:03もうあと一歩のところまで来ているんだ
00:44:08死んだ個体なんですけども
00:44:15細胞とその遺伝子は生き続けているという
00:44:19不思議な感じはしますけどね
00:44:21北白細胞の卵子を人工的に作れたら
00:44:29凍結保存されている北白細胞の精子と
00:44:32体外受精させる
00:44:34それをタラワたち南白細胞のおなかに入れて
00:44:42北白細胞の子供を産んでもらう計画だ
00:44:46メスの細胞を使って
00:44:50卵子ができる過程をまず再現しましょうと
00:44:55その後に遺伝子の多様性を持たせるために
00:44:59オスの細胞を使って
00:45:00卵子を作りましょうという
00:45:02そういう段階です
00:45:04オスから卵子
00:45:14実はマウスではすでに成功している
00:45:19まずオスの皮膚からiPS細胞を作る
00:45:29そしてオスが持つXY染色体のうち
00:45:33Y染色体を特殊な処理で消す
00:45:37今度は残ったX染色体をコピーして
00:45:43XXに増やす
00:45:46すると
00:45:47メスの染色体を持つiPS細胞になる
00:45:52それを卵子に成長させる
00:45:58この成功で
00:46:00ハヤシは世界で最も影響力のある100人にも選ばれた
00:46:05でもそこまでして
00:46:21なぜ北城西のオスから卵子を作る必要があるんだろう
00:46:26そのために
00:46:28日本の人生自身の説明について
00:46:30アトマイクセリアが新規する必要があるんだろう
00:46:32日本の人生自身のような
00:46:33生き方とは
00:46:33何かついている必要があるんだろう
00:46:35日本は
00:46:38生き方とは
00:46:38変化している
00:46:39そのような
00:46:40つまり
00:46:41変化している
00:46:42インタッシュがある
00:46:43インタッシュは
00:46:44全国の人生を生きることによる
00:46:45それは
00:46:46反対に
00:46:46人生にある
00:46:48人生を生きることによる
00:46:49人生がある
00:46:50インタッシュを作る
00:46:51ワインスの
00:46:52植物の
00:46:54Then, if there's any environmental change, then the entire population dies.
00:47:01Mesだけでなく,
00:47:04オスからも人工的に卵子を作ることができれば、
00:47:08それだけ遺伝的組み合わせが増える。
00:47:13多様性があれば、長く生き残れる可能性が増えるのだ。
00:47:21科学技術を動物の繁殖に使うというのは、
00:47:28様々な考え方があると思いますけども、
00:47:32北城サイが絶滅する理由というのは、
00:47:36ほとんどの場合が人の熱量が原因ということなので、
00:47:42ヒューマンエラーを科学技術によって元に戻すというのは、
00:47:49僕の中では良いことなんではないかなと思います。
00:47:54我々が行っているような精子や卵子を作るという技術を含めて、
00:47:59様々な技術が生命に介入してきているという実感はありますね。
00:48:05ですので、なおそらくこのタイミングで、
00:48:08生命とは何かというのを考えるのは、
00:48:11みんなで考えるのは大事かなと思います。
00:48:18命をつなぎたい、きっと私たちの根源的な欲求なんだろうな。
00:48:30人類は命への介入をさらに広げようとしている。
00:48:35私たちも、このようなものを、
00:48:39おかげで、私たちの目にやることを考えることができるようです。
00:48:44私たちとは、ごめんなさい。
00:48:45私たちが、ごめんなさい。
00:48:47私たちが、ごめんなさい。
00:48:50in vitro gametogenesis, and specifically the idea of making eggs, because it just held
00:48:55the potential of helping so many different people in the world be able to have children
00:48:58that don't have any options.
00:49:00And so I was lucky enough to meet Pablo while in Dr. Hayashi's lab, and, you know, he was
00:49:06working on the same things, had the same dreams, and we really hit it off.
00:49:20This iPSC line, specifically, from a blood sample from a donor, so here we have primordial
00:49:33gem cells that are derived from the iPSC cell.
00:49:36They're already in the gem cell pads, so the next step will be to grow them all the way
00:49:41into a neck.
00:49:42I personally have the motivation to be able to have children with my husband.
00:49:48So we've raised about 60 million U.S. dollars so far, which we're really proud of and has
00:50:06really enabled us to do a lot of really exciting research.
00:50:09Yeah, we get a lot of people reaching out, which is really cool.
00:50:13We actually have a board over there with a lot of them printed out.
00:50:16We have a lot of people getting out.
00:50:34Dr. Hayashi's lab.
00:50:36The next step of the study can be used for the new tests.
00:50:41Dr. Hayashi's lab.
00:50:46My name is中内博光 私は動物の体内で iPS細胞から人の臓器を作って
00:50:54移植を実現することを目指して研究しております
00:50:59最近行われている拒絶反応を受けにくくした豚の移植というのは
00:51:05豚の臓器を人に移植しているわけですけども
00:51:08我々のアプローチは豚の中で作った人の臓器をその一つに戻してあげる
00:51:16iPSという技術を使えば患者さん自身の細胞でできた臓器
00:51:25心臓なり肝臓なりができますから
00:51:27それも完全に自分の臓器を再生していることになるわけですよね
00:51:31自分の細胞には免疫反応が起こらないので完全にその拒絶反応がない
00:51:37医学的な治療としては格段にうまくいけばですけども
00:51:41優れていると我々は考えていますけど
00:51:46完全に拒絶反応がない
00:51:50すごい
00:51:51でも動物の体で人間の臓器を成長させるなんてことができるのかな
00:51:59そういうことはできないだろうって言われると
00:52:03じゃあやってやろうかって時にはなる
00:52:06豚の前段階として行われているマウス実験の様子を見せてもらった
00:52:14マウスの実験はまだ手も足もないんですけども
00:52:22基本的にはマウスの胎児みたいなものですね
00:52:25それに人のiPS細胞を入れて
00:52:28人のiPS細胞とマウスの胎児がどれくらいうまく混ざり合って
00:52:34一緒に発育していくかというところを調べる実験です
00:52:37右側にあるのが人のiPS細胞で
00:52:49ちょっと大きめの丸いのがこれがマウスの胎児みたいなものですね
00:52:54これから大体5個ぐらいかな
00:52:59人のiPS細胞を入れていくんですね
00:53:02マウスの細胞と人の細胞がこれがだんだん発育していく
00:53:15マウスの中で人の細胞が育つ
00:53:24これがその画像
00:53:30マウスの胎児の体に光る緑の点は人の細胞だ
00:53:37それを今度は人と豚の間で応用して
00:53:44最終的には豚の中で人の状況を作ることができるようになるだろうと考えています
00:53:50やっぱり患者さんがたくさんいる
00:53:53腎臓とか糖尿病とか
00:53:55そういう臓器からできたらいいなとは思いますけど
00:53:59患者さん困っているわけですから
00:54:02これは一つのあくまで方法であって
00:54:04いろんなアプローチをいろんな人が取る
00:54:06でも最終ゴールはやっぱり人の役に立つ
00:54:09患者さんを助けるということになると思うんで
00:54:11私たちはどこまで行くんだろう
00:54:19過去のようなボウルに感じているかもしれません
00:54:21誰が起こったりするときに
00:54:24いろんなアプローチを作ることができるかもしれません
00:54:27それが成功性ができるために
00:54:28いくつかの武器を作ることができることができるかもしれません
00:54:29そういうふうに思います
00:54:31そういうふうに思いついて
00:54:33the cusp of that? Well, we call it accelerated evolution. So does our human nature insist
00:54:41that we push boundaries? Probably it does. You just look at how quickly we spread from
00:54:48our origins in Africa and evolved and spread throughout the world. Some of our ancestors
00:54:55would leave in a boat to go across the Pacific Ocean, having no idea how big the Pacific
00:54:59Ocean was. So we're very inquisitive, both in terms of where we migrate, but also what
00:55:06tools we use. So I think we keep at it.
00:55:29旅の始まりのニューヨークから再びメールが届いた。
00:55:36豚の腎臓を移植した戸花さんに近況を知らせるものだった。
00:55:43退院から3ヶ月後、戸花さんは豚の腎臓を摘出する手術を受けたという。
00:55:51感染症がきっかけで腎臓に影響が及び、取り出さざるを得なくなってしまったそう。
00:56:00それでも、豚の腎臓と共に過ごした130日間。
00:56:06戸花さんは、当席から解放されて、家族との時間を過ごした。
00:56:13それでも、豚の腎臓と共に過ごした130日間。
00:56:19戸花さんは、当席から解放されて、家族との時間を過ごした。
00:56:25全体は止まったら、家族との時間に過ごしたい。
00:56:27より、家族との時間を過ごした。
00:56:29おめでとうございます。
00:56:30I'm going to stand down and kick you to the bottom of my head.
00:56:54I feel I made the right decision.
00:56:56Without this pig kidney, it gave me added more years to my life.
00:57:02So that means more I can do with my family.
00:57:05More time I can spend with my family.
00:57:07More memories can be made.
00:57:12What is your life?
00:57:17Everything.
00:57:19It means everything to me.
00:57:21Chances, hope, blessings.
00:57:24So it has given added more life to my life.
00:57:28I feel blessed and fortunate.
00:57:31I am so overjoyed and happy.
00:57:34Life is dynamic.
00:57:43It's never constant.
00:57:44It's always changing.
00:57:45And that's actually one of the things about life that's most incredible.
00:57:49Life is all about interdependence.
00:57:52Yeah, and that's what I believe.
00:57:54Life is a miracle.
00:57:57We can't explain that.
00:57:59It is every day impressive.
00:58:01And I'm really happy that I tried to identify some of the puzzle stones in this game.
00:58:09I was developing symptoms of heart failure.
00:58:14I somehow made it through this gauntlet.
00:58:19You know, I'm supposed to be here for some reason.
00:58:22And I'm just trying to earn it.
00:58:29Yeah.
00:58:39It is the time.
00:58:59Frontier.
00:59:00Frontier.
00:59:01What is sun present?
00:59:02You see the sun being born.
00:59:03The sun being born of your birth of Earth is clear and prophesied.
00:59:08太陽の誕生と奇跡に迫り
00:59:38幸福寺のアシュラゾウを徹底解剖しますダークサイドミステリー大量殺人家大冤罪家男のひと言でアメリカ大混乱NHKBS21日金曜夜9時この世界でも大変珍しいケースです
01:00:04ご視聴ありがとうございました
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