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00:28How are you?
00:29Well, we're back again to this topic we're discussing regarding the most important elements of the theological character of the
00:38Paul's letter to the Galatians. Another of the topics he addresses from a theological perspective is the
00:45life of the children of God.
00:46How are you?
01:05How are you?
01:14How are you?
01:15So, all of this is ultimately a work of the Spirit. It is carried out through the Spirit. That's where it comes from.
01:25precisely our adoption.
01:27This life, according to the Spirit, in its concrete expressions, allows us to understand that Christians are truly children of the Spirit.
01:38of God. Without this participation of the Spirit, we wouldn't even understand ourselves as children of God.
01:46The children of God who have ceased to be slaves possess, in a particular way, the characteristic of
01:54freedom.
01:57We are not only children, but in being children of God we attain freedom. That is why Paul says that
02:05We are no longer slaves, but now we are children.
02:08Before, we lived under the tutelage and slavery of the law. He says, but now, as children, we have to live in
02:18Freedom. And here I'll make a small digression to say that it's important to learn to live in freedom.
02:25And it is precisely the Holy Spirit who gives us this lesson. He is the one who teaches us to
02:34to live in freedom. When the Holy Spirit does not perform this work, and having already been freed, well, if we do not have
02:43This action of the Spirit in us, then our passions that operate freely in the heart of man, then we
02:51It will lead to the destruction of our lives.
02:54For Paul, freedom is related to the Christian's capacity for self-giving toward others. Saint Paul says
03:04in the text,
03:06You have been called to be free men, but take care that freedom is not a pretext for giving free rein to
03:14Give free rein to your passions. Rather, serve one another in love.
03:20Exactly what I was just discussing with you.
03:23In other words, as this text wonderfully summarizes this idea that we are free, the Spirit
03:33He has freed us, but given our fragile and sinful nature, we can fall into the misuse of our freedom.
03:41driven by our passions.
03:43Be very careful, my brothers and sisters. This happens far too often in the heart of the church, in the heart of our
03:51Christians.
03:52We must be vigilant so that it doesn't drag us down, and by being free, we don't want to end up like that again.
03:59because we are truly slaves to our passions,
04:02and with that we lose our freedom and eternal life.
04:09Freedom is opposed to what Paul calls the desires of the flesh.
04:15On one hand, freedom would propel me towards God, but the desires of the flesh push me towards worldliness.
04:28This is terrible, isn't it?
04:30What a difficult situation we have to deal with, but the letter is helping us to see, to discover, and how it
04:39as it is commonly said today,
04:41Knowing the problem is already half the solution.
04:45When I know what my problem is, then I'll be able to act in an appropriate way, and I'll go
04:51to protect,
04:53thus preventing me from being forced by my passions to live in an inappropriate way,
05:00and with that, therefore, lose my relationship with God.
05:03The Christian, a son and free, guided by the Holy Spirit, maintains throughout his life a conduct that is marked
05:12for love.
05:13In this way, Saint Paul summarizes in chapter 5 this relationship that must exist among us Christians.
05:22And well, now I invite you to delve into the topic of the letter and look at some issues.
05:29that are of interest.
05:31The first one I would like to return to, which I already made some small reference to in this first explanation,
05:39This is the subject of the dispute between Peter and Paul in Antioch.
05:42This is one of the topics of interest, given the controversy it creates between Protestants and Catholics.
05:49Regarding the authority of Peter and the rejection of the papacy, this event is called the incident of
05:57Antioch,
05:58In this letter, Paul argues that Peter is not consistent with the faith he professes.
06:05Let's look at this passage more closely.
06:08I invite you to go, then, to chapter 2, verse 11 of our text of Galatians.
06:15He says, well, when Peter went to Antioch, I confronted him about his reprehensible behavior.
06:21Before some men arrived from James, Peter used to eat with the Gentiles,
06:29But when they arrived, he began to withdraw and separate himself from the Gentiles for fear of the followers of the
06:37circumcision.
06:37Then the other Jews joined Peter in his hypocrisy, and even Barnabas was led astray by it.
06:46This hypocritical behavior.
06:49When I saw that he was not acting in a way that was right and consistent with the integrity of the gospel, I said to Peter in front of everyone,
06:58If you, who are Jewish, live as if you were not, why do you force Gentiles to practice Judaism?
07:08To understand this, let us first refer to the Council of Jerusalem, which took place around the year 48.
07:16in which the problem concerning the circumcision of non-Jews is raised in Antioch,
07:23When Christians from Judea ask for the freedom attained in Christ Jesus,
07:30which Paul and Barnabas also invoke, so as not to impose this rite on Christians from paganism.
07:37The community at the council then decided to call the apostles and elders of Jerusalem to account.
07:44and he sent Paul and Barnabas with his companion, a Greek named Titus,
07:50accompanied by a small delegation to attend what will be the first council,
07:56called the Council of Jerusalem.
07:59There the apostles and elders of Jerusalem accept Titus as uncircumcised
08:05and thus they recognize the validity of Paul's proclamation concerning the freedom of grace.
08:12The assembly then confirms the leaders and principals of the church
08:18and recognizes Peter's missionary vocation to the circumcised and Paul's to the uncircumcised.
08:26In fact, there is a form of division of the mission field.
08:31James, Peter, and John are going to the Jews,
08:37while Paul and Barnabas will go to the Gentiles.
08:41Now then, and without going into detailed comments,
08:46We will try to understand the background of the scene and the motives of the various parties.
08:55On one hand, we have the purity laws as a whole
09:00They gradually came to understand Judaism through an increasingly rigorous interpretation.
09:05It was a reaction against the tremendous danger of assimilation that it exerted
09:11the penetration of Hellenism into the very heart of Judaism.
09:15Let us remember that we are in the context of a nation that has been conquered.
09:22first by the Greeks and then by the Romans
09:25and who lives in an environment surrounded by people who have not assimilated,
09:31who is not part of God's people.
09:33Therefore, the various spiritual movements competed with each other in this matter.
09:39The Essenes even treated the Pharisees as condescending.
09:45So, even though the law of Moses said nothing about it,
09:50The custom of prohibiting meals with pagans was introduced.
09:54for fear of being stained by their presence or by their food that was not kosher.
10:01Kosher food is the food that Jews use.
10:07that has no blood, no flesh, in short.
10:10It's a very particular food; it's called kosher food.
10:14And precisely all these rules that were not clearly written in the Old Testament
10:21They were adopted, but their purpose is to prevent the contamination of the town
10:27with the pagans with whom they now naturally coexisted.
10:32We have extensive references to this in the gospels.
10:38We already know of Peter's reluctance when the heavenly vision invites him to go to Cornelius's house.
10:46When the Holy Spirit came upon Cornelius, it overcame his last hesitations.
10:52A wonderful text from Acts 10, where we see how, on the one hand,
10:58Peter doesn't want to kill and eat, as the voice from heaven tells him, right?
11:02which presents to all these unclean animals.
11:05Finally, the Lord says to him, do not consider as impure what I have made clean.
11:10And then, when he is already talking with Cornelius,
11:16It turns out that the Holy Spirit descends upon him.
11:18And then he will no longer have any doubt that God is enabling,
11:23Just as it did for the Jews, it is also enabling the pagans.
11:27who had not been circumcised and who knew absolutely nothing about the law of Moses.
11:34However, brothers, the game was not yet completely won.
11:39The brothers in Jerusalem still needed to be convinced.
11:43And the ironic Lucas lets us glimpse that things weren't easy.
11:50Mindsets don't change overnight.
11:54and, for its part, the community of Jerusalem
11:57He sought to remain faithful to Jewish observances.
12:01Saint Paul, in fact, says at the end of this text of the controversy, says
12:07We are Jews by birth, we are not those sinful pagans,
12:13But we understood that no man is justified by observing the law,
12:18but through faith in Christ Jesus, the Messiah.
12:22With this, he reaffirms once again that what saves is faith.
12:29And Peter, who had already understood this, ratified it precisely at the Council of Jerusalem.
12:35Well, now he looks weak, and when the people from Santiago arrive,
12:40who are observant of the law, who are Jews,
12:44He has the vision of separating himself and starting to eat only kosher food with the Jews.
12:53The beginning of this discourse contains in embryo the entire doctrine developed in the Letter to the Romans,
13:00in which the topic of sin is addressed, on the one hand.
13:04And finally, the topic of food, which begins in chapter 14,
13:11A little bit of the 13th, on the topic of what is allowed and what is not allowed to be eaten.
13:17The privileges that the Jews have enjoyed,
13:20That is, they have adoption, alliances through law and worship,
13:25They cannot save them.
13:27The law they consider a way of life
13:30This only increases his guilt, says St. Paul,
13:35since they sin with full knowledge of the facts.
13:38The feeling of superiority that Jews have over pagans
13:43It will lead them straight to hypocrisy.
13:47That's amazing, isn't it?
13:48In other words, the issue of having the law and thinking that the law is what justifies them,
13:55because it will lead them to pride.
13:56Saying, we have it and you won't have it
13:59Because we have it, we control it.
14:02Jesus is going to say, the teachers of the law have sat in Moses' seat.
14:08In other words, they teach what Moses teaches.
14:10Yes, but they don't go in themselves, nor do they let others in.
14:14Now we control the law.
14:16We are the owners of the law and we say
14:18Who is saved and who is not?
14:21And not even they themselves were going to be saved.
14:23So, the topic, right?
14:27It has to do with this stance that Saint Paul has
14:30to fully defend what makes man just
14:36It is not compliance with the works of the law
14:39which includes the whole issue of what can and cannot be eaten.
14:43But anyway, let's stop here for a moment
14:45And we continue in our next segment.
14:48our analysis of this topic of Saint Paul.
14:54Thank you!
14:56Thank you!
15:08Thank you!
15:10Thank you!
15:11Thank you!
15:11Thank you!
15:11Thank you!