- há 1 ano
Souvent réduites à une poignée de clichés romantiques – celui d’une jeune messagère à vélo ou d’une combattante qui pose avec sa mitraillette en bandoulière –, les femmes sont longtemps restées invisibles dans l’histoire de la Résistance française. Or, dans un pays vaincu, humilié et privé en partie de sa population masculine, les femmes furent les premières à réagir et à initier un esprit de résistance. À travers cinq destinées individuelles, cette collection met en scène le rôle crucial des femmes entre 1940 et 1944. Parmi elles, deux figures illustres : Geneviève de Gaulle et Lucie Aubrac, et trois femmes demeurées dans l’ombre : Renée Davelly, Mila Racine et Simonne Mathieu. Les trajectoires de ces cinq résistantes se croisent, se répondent et dessinent l’engagement féminin face à l’occupation nazie. Cette résistance féminine paraît d’autant plus remarquable qu’elle implique une double transgression : face à l’ordre imposé par Vichy et l’occupant d’une part, au regard de la place assignée aux genres dans la société française de l’époque, de l’autre.
Categoria
😹
DiversãoTranscrição
00:00...
00:00You installed the plastic paint yourself.
00:16With detonators that I had made myself because we were short of them.
00:21Often reduced to a handful of romantic clichés,
00:24Women have long remained invisible in the history of the French resistance.
00:28I was distributing documents and making fake identity cards.
00:36Yet, they were the first to react and initiate a spirit of insubordination and disobedience.
00:43This refusal to accept the occupation, this rigorous will to fight the enemy, grows stronger day by day.
00:51Through five intertwined destinies, this series highlights the crucial role.
01:02Women in the resistance, long overlooked.
01:05For resistance to take hold, there needed to be some kind of framework on which to build.
01:17And women have been a large part of that framework.
01:22Among them, two illustrious figures.
01:24Geneviève de Gaulle and Lucie Aubrac.
01:26These five extraordinary stories bear witness to women's commitment in the face of the Nazi occupation.
01:45Because the resistance was also a women's affair.
01:50One does not rest at a French woman's house.
01:52When the German army entered Paris on June 14, 1940,
02:13Our five characters are already fierce opponents of Nazism.
02:17I don't like burglars and looters.
02:23And there was a gang of burglars and looters in my country.
02:26It was the Nazi army.
02:28And I like even less people who help burglars and looters.
02:32And that was the Vichy government with Marshal Pétain.
02:37These five women did not become resistance fighters overnight.
02:42Their fighting spirit was built up throughout the 1930s.
02:47How did their taste for insubordination develop before the war?
02:53This is the soil in which the seeds of resistance grew.
02:57Our story begins in Sars in 1923.
03:18This German region has been, since the Treaty of Versailles,
03:21placed under the control of the League of Nations.
03:24France has obtained the right to exploit the Sars coal mines.
03:35And it is there, in Sars, that a 5-year-old French girl lives with her parents.
03:41Our first character, her name is Geneviève de Gaulle.
03:45She is the eldest child of a couple who, clearly, love each other very much and have a lot of affection for one another.
03:59A mother, Germaine, who was born in 1898, Germaine Gourdon.
04:04And then there's a father whose name, of course, is very famous.
04:08because his father's name is Xavier de Gaulle.
04:10And Xavier de Gaulle is the older brother of Charles de Gaulle.
04:15At that time, of course, the de Gaulles were completely unknown people.
04:19and will remain so for a very long time.
04:23This family name would indeed play a decisive role in Geneviève's adult life.
04:28But for now, in Sars, Xavier de Gaulle is mostly known as a mining engineer.
04:36And this social position allows him to maintain a certain standard of living for his wife and three children.
04:42So, the life of a little French girl in Germany in 1920,
04:49It's an abnormal life in a close-knit family.
04:53in a family that also lives very comfortably.
04:58This is a family that has, for example, a car.
05:01At the time, it wasn't that common.
05:02A convertible car for cruising around the region.
05:07At the same time, it's a family that isn't particularly focused on material values.
05:12What matters most are values, respect for others.
05:17Catholicism is truly a core value in this family.
05:21a form of humanism that is valid for everyone.
05:24Xavier de Gaulle raised his children by explaining to them that everyone owes the same respect.
05:28to a German maid rather than to her French grandmother.
05:38The peaceful beginning of this life promised to happiness
05:41experienced its first abrupt reversal in 1926.
05:46On May 15, Geneviève de Gaulle's mother died following childbirth, along with her newborn.
05:52This is the memory that Geneviève de Gaulle retains in her autobiographical account "The Crossing of the Night".
06:03She was so tender, so sweet, and so cheerful.
06:07I fled into the garden where the irises had been cut down to decorate the coffin with flowers.
06:12A little girl of four and a half years old suddenly plunged into misfortune.
06:24It was obviously an extremely violent shock in his childhood.
06:28And a shock that is compounded by the pain of his own father who is grieving.
06:33And beyond afflicted, who is on the verge of despair.
06:36Geneviève speaks, and I quote, of a terrible period when he no longer wanted to live.
06:42And this life in Germany, this Germany which was synonymous with possible happiness,
06:49becomes one of absolute tragedy and sadness.
06:52Where the little girl will begin her search for the role she can play alongside this father.
06:58And to try to provide him with support.
07:00And one might think that this is also where part of this personality is built.
07:05completely devoted to others for the rest of her life.
07:12Despite this tragedy, the two Gauls will remain in sars.
07:18This will be of crucial importance in the construction of Geneviève de Gaulle.
07:26As Nazism gains ground in Germany, she is very close to the events.
07:33On January 30, 1933, the elderly President Hindenburg appointed Adolf Hitler,
07:40Chancellor of the Weimar Republic.
07:42Adolf Hitler therefore seized power through legal means.
07:48On the evening of his appointment, a pagan crowd thronged the street.
07:54The assault sections march past and cheer their leader in a manly display of camaraderie.
07:58Suddenly, the Nazi wave swept across the region.
08:06I remember Saarbrücken with all those swastika flags.
08:11But really, there wasn't a house that didn't display that swastika flag.
08:15It was amazing.
08:18My father had also explained to me what Nazism was.
08:22He had me read a translation of Mein Kampf while explaining things to me.
08:28Xavier de Gaulle places great importance or complete trust in his daughter's intelligence.
08:38and therefore in the intelligence of women in general.
08:42The ideology of race and exclusion cannot at all be reconciled with their respect for humanity.
08:48their desire to protect the weakest.
08:50And Xavier de Gaulle is very keen to make his daughter experience this firsthand.
08:58In January 1935, the blow fell.
09:03The people of Saarland voted for the future of their region, and the result was unequivocal.
09:09Germany regains the Saarland.
09:13This referendum is driving away those damned French people who are rushing towards the border.
09:19ready to leave the region by any means necessary.
09:24Geneviève de Gaulle also returned to France.
09:31Let's leave Geneviève de Gaulle and push our story further east,
09:35to meet our second character.
09:41We are in the Soviet Union.
09:43where another little girl also discovers the joys and sorrows of life.
09:49She is Russian, she is one year older than Geneviève.
09:54Her name is Mila Racine.
09:58So in 1923, Mila Racine was 4 years old.
10:01She lives in Moscow with her family.
10:05his brother Emmanuel, known as Mola, who is 8 years older.
10:09And that year, his sister Sacha,
10:12She was also born in Moscow.
10:13And the mother was said to have been an opera singer.
10:18So, is this a training course?
10:20Is this a profession she has practiced?
10:22Or was it an amateur event?
10:23In any case, she's a woman who loves music.
10:27who loves to sing.
10:28And within the home, it's something very important.
10:31This singing mother passes on her love of music to her daughter.
10:42Little did she know that this passion would become a valuable resource for Mila.
10:47during the most difficult moments of his life.
10:49They are a family from the Jewish bourgeoisie of Moscow,
10:59traditional, without being pious.
11:02That is to say, she observes Jewish holidays, Shabbat,
11:06every Friday evening,
11:09and is presumably part of a Jewish community in Russia.
11:15and in particular is very close to the family on his father's side.
11:19This family was shaken by the 1917 revolution.
11:26And it was from their balcony that Mila Racine's parents...
11:29they witnessed the unleashing of the Bolshevik storm.
11:35To escape both the new political regime and anti-Semitism,
11:40This Russian family decided to emigrate in 1926.
11:49And it is in the 17th arrondissement of Paris that we find Mila ten years later.
11:56She is 17 years old and has just obtained her high school diploma.
12:00She leads the life of a young girl of that era, from a bourgeois neighborhood.
12:07So she's walking with her friends in Parc Monceau.
12:10She goes on picnics.
12:11She's going to the cinema.
12:14What we do know is that Mila was a good student when she was at Racine High School.
12:17and she excelled particularly in English.
12:19And she would have gone to London to learn English.
12:22So in this archive, we learn that she is a student at City of London College,
12:27that she is taking a course for foreigners.
12:32There is this appetite for what we might call a universal culture.
12:37And what it also shows, I think, is a form of independence
12:39at the home of a young girl from those years who goes to live alone in London.
12:43She is not accompanied.
12:44But on the horizon of this still carefree youth,
12:52The clouds are gathering.
12:54This Jewish and Russian family lives in a France under high tension.
13:01Far-right leagues are proliferating,
13:03Society is tearing itself apart and anti-Semitism is spreading like black syrup.
13:10It is certain that the family reads the press.
13:14that the family is aware of the first manifestations of violent anti-Semitism.
13:19Moreover, the Jews of France were very worried at that time.
13:24And even children, whether they are politically engaged or not,
13:28are aware of the risk they face.
13:33The anti-Semitism that Mila Racine has already fled to Russia,
13:37it catches up in France.
13:40And faced with the fascist threat spreading across Europe,
13:43Many Jews in France long to find refuge.
13:50Zionism is the dream for some Jews,
13:54And not all of them, obviously.
13:55to settle in Palestine and create a Jewish state there
13:59in reaction to anti-Semitism.
14:02And so the creation of a Jewish state
14:04gives hope of no longer suffering from antisemitism
14:08and to be able to live safely.
14:12Mila's father also bought land in Palestine
14:16and passed on many stories of his journey to his children.
14:19Influenced by his father's Zionist ideals,
14:29Mila Racine chooses to join VISO,
14:32the International Zionist Women's Organization,
14:36which aims to help women and children
14:38who live or wish to settle in Palestine.
14:40Mila notes that in Paris, the branch of this organization,
14:48the Paris branch,
14:50is made up primarily of women of his mother's age.
14:53And she wants to revitalize this organization
14:55and breathe some life into the Zionist movement.
14:58And what she does is she creates
14:59a mixed youth branch of VISO.
15:04This demonstrates a certain level of organizational expertise.
15:07and in the implementation of a movement
15:10which can be described as political.
15:13In the late 1930s,
15:16these two young women, Mila Racine and Geneviève de Gaulle,
15:19have a keen awareness of the rising Nazi threat in Europe.
15:25They both know the extent of the danger that is lurking.
15:31What they don't yet know is that 7 years later,
15:34Their paths will inevitably cross.
15:37At the heart of the Nazi storm.
15:41But for the moment, in old Europe,
15:44Life goes on.
15:48She continues, notably for another future resistance fighter.
15:52Simone Mathieu, our third character.
15:57She is 30 years old and at the peak of her sporting career.
16:01After being clearly dominated in the first set,
16:03Ms. Mathieu regains a slight advantage
16:05and despite Mrs. Half's fine display,
16:07She narrowly wins the match around 0-6-18-6-4.
16:14And in the spring of 1938, Simone Mathieu was on the cusp of fame.
16:20She started winning the women's singles,
16:23the mixed doubles final and the women's doubles final.
16:27What is historic is that no athlete in the world has ever come to Roland-Garros.
16:33was never able to repeat or accomplish this feat.
16:38She is a tremendous champion.
16:40She was one of the three best tennis players of the time.
16:44In 1938 alone, she won 32 tournaments in Europe.
16:46Despite his burning desire to win,
16:54Simone Mathieu refuses to set foot on German courts.
16:59His father was gassed and suffered severe lung damage.
17:02during the First World War.
17:05This suffering hung over his childhood
17:07and certainly played a role in building patriotic sentiment
17:12and the girl's identity.
17:20Her name is Simone Passemard,
17:22Simone with two Ns,
17:24as indicated in the civil registry.
17:26She had a happy childhood.
17:30in Saint-Cloud, a family of very prominent bankers.
17:35She is not feeling the effects of the economic crisis.
17:37the severe post-war economic crisis.
17:39And her life is the life of a 15-year-old girl, 1923.
17:47to whom young boys are presented during ball games,
17:50in what are called rallies,
17:53and who learns all the basics of upper-class conventions,
17:56outings, particularly to Deauville
17:59but also outings to attend a chair stipul,
18:02for example, at the racecourse.
18:04And at that point, we cannot probe the kidneys.
18:08Simone Mathieu's livers and heart,
18:10But somewhere deep down, she knows very well at 15.
18:12that his life is partly mapped out,
18:14That is to say, she will have to marry her young men,
18:17having children and staying home,
18:20while accompanying potential lice
18:22in social ceremonies.
18:24And yet, Simone will find a way to escape boredom.
18:30to which she seems predestined.
18:33And this is thanks to one of the only sports accessible to women.
18:39At age 12, to combat his fragile health,
18:42Simone arms herself with a racket.
18:46Three years later, his devastating coup
18:48has already made her a champion.
18:50From that point on, nothing seemed able to stop him.
18:56Nor a marriage at 17,
18:59nor the two children who follow shortly after.
19:03Simone Mathieu, in the Grand Écho du Nord,
19:06September 26, 1931.
19:10And although I now have two children,
19:12I play tennis with just as much enthusiasm
19:14than when I was a young girl.
19:15I don't think motherhood is a handicap in tennis.
19:23For Simone Mathieu,
19:26It's not so much about seeking stardom
19:28which motivates her,
19:30This is truly a defense of women's tennis.
19:37That is to say, women's tennis
19:39should also have some photos
19:42front-page news.
19:45She was deeply annoyed.
19:48through this omnipotence,
19:50omnipresence of men
19:51in the tennis world
19:53and in the press community.
19:57Simone Mathieu,
19:58match time,
19:59October 14, 1930.
20:03Do you want to interview me?
20:05Well,
20:06I will take this opportunity to first tell you
20:08that on several occasions,
20:10The journalists weren't kind to us.
20:12weak women.
20:13especially last year
20:15when we suffered such a crushing defeat
20:18in Eastbourne
20:19ahead of the English women's team.
20:23We were not spared.
20:26Indeed,
20:28Simone Mathieu defends women's tennis
20:30even on days of defeat
20:32although she herself hates losing.
20:34an anecdote.
20:37She is playing in a quarter-final at Wimbledon
20:40in the late 1930s
20:41and she does a little
20:43The female McEnroe before her time.
20:46You see,
20:46we are forced to use a male reference
20:47and she throws down her racket.
20:50She then leaves in the middle of the match.
20:51shouting at the referee.
20:54She's coming back.
20:55she hits the net
20:56and she said
20:57"Even the net is English."
21:00"Even the net is English."
21:02So it also shows
21:02a form of patriotism
21:03and above all, of a very bad temper.
21:05Very bad temper
21:07strong character
21:08that we find
21:09in other women
21:10who will enter later
21:11in the resistance.
21:12International tennis
21:16offer to Simone Mathieu
21:17a certain independence
21:19even in his married life.
21:22If her husband never leaves her,
21:24He's the one who follows her
21:25and not the other way around.
21:28Throughout the 1930s,
21:29the tennis poumane
21:30crisscrosses Europe
21:31and the United States
21:32as a free woman.
21:35A longing for elsewhere
21:36and adventure
21:37who also lives fully
21:39our fourth resistance fighter
21:40to become
21:41René d'Avely.
21:48Rein,
21:49this divorced woman,
21:50empty in Paris
21:51and aspires to become a singer.
21:55At 36 years old,
21:56She's not a star yet.
21:58But to get to that point,
22:00René d'Avely
22:00has already traveled
22:02a long road.
22:05She was born in Angers
22:06and she came from
22:07from a provincial family background
22:09who is the one
22:11of craftsman and merchant.
22:13His grandfather,
22:14Charles Touron,
22:15is a locksmith in Angers.
22:17His father is a baker.
22:20His name is Joseph Touron.
22:21His uncle is a grocer.
22:23And that's where René d'Avely comes from.
22:25Catholic environment,
22:26frankly Catholic.
22:27Few or no studies,
22:30No diploma found.
22:31A relatively young marriage.
22:34He got married at 20.
22:35in 1922.
22:36Her husband is,
22:38from the same background.
22:40He's someone who manufactures
22:41caps.
22:42And later,
22:43he will also have a company
22:45who will be in the textile industry
22:47from the chinchilla
22:48Rabbit,
22:49Angora,
22:49instead,
22:50more precisely.
22:50At 24 years old,
22:57René Touron,
22:58Chudo's wife,
22:59gives birth
23:00to a little girl.
23:02Everything then seemed to come together
23:03to bring peaceful happiness
23:05of a young wife from Angers.
23:08Only,
23:09There.
23:10In a letter,
23:11in 1939,
23:13she writes to her friend
23:14Jeanne Triboulin
23:14"And then it's so complicated,
23:16a wedding.
23:20A difficult experience.
23:25Indeed,
23:26Marriage.
23:28To the point that René
23:28decides to leave.
23:30This is about
23:31of a courageous choice
23:32for a young woman
23:33in this France
23:34of the interwar period.
23:35Especially since it's not just
23:36her husband
23:37from which she separates.
23:39Divorcee,
23:41René leaves his daughter
23:41in custody of his mother
23:43and leaves the cheerfulness.
23:46Arguably,
23:46the life of René Daveli,
23:48it's a life
23:49which is made up
23:50of breakups.
23:50And the choice
23:51that she does
23:51to become
23:52somehow
23:53sales representative
23:54in the field
23:55textiles,
23:56We don't know.
23:57much more.
23:58We have a photo
23:59who shows it to us,
24:00remarkable photo
24:01for several reasons.
24:03She is elegant.
24:04standing,
24:04in front of a car.
24:07And a woman
24:07who drives a car,
24:08Already,
24:09we are at the beginning
24:09from the 1930s,
24:10it's a marker
24:11social and cultural
24:13Very interesting.
24:15But she does
24:15in addition to work.
24:16But above all, René aspires
24:24to make his dream come true
24:25always
24:27to become a star
24:27of the song.
24:30Installed
24:30in his new life,
24:31she takes classes
24:32singing
24:32and a name
24:33glamorous stage,
24:35René Daveli.
24:36She's living an adventure
24:41in love
24:42with a married man.
24:44His name is Charles,
24:46It's him
24:46who furnishes it.
24:47In other words,
24:48he pays him rent
24:49and probably
24:50does he also buy from her?
24:52an airline ticket.
25:00Like other female singers
25:01in development,
25:02René Daveli
25:03counts on its French charm
25:05to launch his career
25:06in South America.
25:12This is the first time
25:14that she takes the plane
25:15and that she will
25:15to the heavens
25:17however far away.
25:18And to earn a living
25:19while doing it
25:20in a lane
25:21which fascinates her
25:22for a long time,
25:23with a huge track
25:25that she describes
25:25for his first performances,
25:27she will find herself
25:29to accept
25:30commitments,
25:31commitments
25:31for the radio
25:32while doing
25:33and ensuring
25:33evenings
25:34in casinos
25:35in Buenos Aires.
25:36I don't know why
25:41I was going to dance
25:43in Saint John
25:45to the accordion
25:47the being of René Daveli
26:00to her friend Jane.
26:01Yes, my dear
26:06your friend René
26:06is a star
26:07from Toupie radio.
26:10It was for me
26:10the only solution
26:11to win big,
26:13because you know
26:13that I do not have character
26:14to make money
26:15of my charms
26:15And what joy!
26:17for a woman
26:18to earn a living
26:19and to be independent.
26:21an extraordinary voice,
26:37excellent performer
26:38Parisian melodies,
26:40admirable singer
26:41She received a standing ovation from the princes.
26:43The Argentine press
26:44incense
26:45this new French star.
26:46But the greatest recognition
26:53It arrived on July 14, 1938.
26:56René Daveli
26:57is invited
26:57at the French embassy.
27:04For the first time
27:05that day,
27:07the singer realizes
27:07that through his art,
27:09She can serve her country.
27:14I received
27:15the highest honors
27:16And I caused a sensation.
27:19I was wearing
27:20a lovely white dress
27:21and you can't imagine
27:23with what heart
27:24I sang
27:24the national anthem.
27:27Speakers
27:28distributed my voice
27:29on this sea of humanity.
27:31A huge sheaf of wheat
27:32in the national colors
27:34was offered to me
27:35by the consul
27:36who kissed me.
27:39They all had eyes
27:40filled with tears.
27:43And I lived
27:44the most beautiful moment
27:45of my life.
27:46what a triumph
27:48and also
27:49What a curious destiny.
27:51This is where it happens
27:54a first introduction
27:56to what will be his role
27:57during the war.
27:58We're going to ask him
27:59to animate
28:00such and such an evening.
28:01And I think that's it.
28:02that she entered
28:02in the networks
28:03of this diplomacy
28:04French cultural
28:05where we need
28:06of artists obviously
28:07to express
28:08French genius
28:09through song.
28:10While René Daveli
28:13becomes the voice of France
28:15in Argentina
28:16on the other side
28:18of the Atlantic.
28:19Our fifth
28:20and last character
28:21she also lives
28:22a moment of great pride.
28:24Lucie Aubrac is 26 years old
28:28and just got
28:30the history teaching qualification.
28:32Gold,
28:33It wasn't a sure thing.
28:34In the 1920s,
28:41It's in Blanzy.
28:43a village in the Macon region,
28:44that Lucie Bernard grew up
28:46which will become Aubrac.
28:48She leads an ordinary life there
28:50of a little girl
28:51of the countryside.
28:56Lucie Aubrac
28:57In
28:57"This demanding freedom."
29:01To go to school,
29:03we used bicycles,
29:06formidable instruments
29:07of freedom.
29:09Although loving
29:10and deeply respectful
29:11studies,
29:12I used to do
29:13playing truant.
29:16I was deflating an outfit
29:17and arrived dawdling,
29:19very late.
29:22These impulses of freedom
29:23which have endured
29:24go back
29:25to my early childhood.
29:30She has parents
29:31who are people
29:32from very poor backgrounds.
29:35Lucie and her sister Jeanne
29:36are recognized
29:37wards of the nation
29:38in 1924
29:39because their father
29:41was very seriously
29:42concussed
29:42in October 1915
29:44in the Alsace plain.
29:45And this has the consequence
29:47that they will touch
29:47a small subsidy
29:49who will help them
29:50to study.
29:52Some neighbors would have liked me
29:55seen marrying their son
29:56just to add it up
29:58land.
30:01But my mother
30:01had promised
30:02that these girls
30:03would have education.
30:06This made one free
30:08and provided for old age.
30:09So the parents
30:15feed
30:15a real ambition
30:16for their daughters
30:17their two daughters
30:18but Lucie
30:18is the brightest
30:20of the two
30:20and so
30:21whatever
30:22the difficulties
30:23that some
30:23and the others experience
30:24because it's not easy
30:25not for the parents either
30:26who sacrifice themselves
30:27really for their daughters
30:28well, finally
30:29they will all try
30:30to achieve their goal.
30:32In 1928
30:35while Lucie
30:36at 16 years old
30:37the family settles in
30:38in the Paris suburbs
30:39to allow
30:40to their daughters
30:41to attend teacher training college
30:43of a schoolteacher
30:43Batignolles.
30:46But Lucie
30:46has dreams
30:47even more ambitious.
30:49It aims
30:49higher education
30:50which is then reserved
30:52to a very small elite
30:53and to a minority
30:54of women.
30:57To enter
30:57at the Sorbonne
30:58and therefore aim
30:59the aggregation
30:59in fine
31:00You need a high school diploma.
31:02she will prepare him
31:03all alone
31:03as an independent candidate
31:04Part One
31:06July 1932
31:06July 2, 1933
31:08and when she gets her baccalaureate
31:09in pocket
31:10she begins
31:10higher education
31:11of history and geography
31:12It's not obvious
31:14due to its shortcomings
31:15general knowledge
31:16but it is also
31:17very difficult
31:18because of life
31:19very precarious
31:20that she leads to Paris
31:21and so she has
31:22two irons in the fire.
31:29I was working
31:30in a restaurant
31:31Boulevard des Batignolles
31:32I was a waitress
31:33Yes
31:34and I was doing
31:35a bit of background work
31:35in the theatre
31:36Pitoefs
31:37who was next to
31:38to earn my keep
31:39I had to live
31:43anyway
31:43and my parents
31:44they didn't have the means
31:44to talk to me
31:45from time to time
31:46they were sending me a package
31:47my poor mother
31:48put in there
31:48eggs
31:49so she cooked them
31:50Before
31:51for that to happen
31:52hard-boiled eggs
31:52and that they don't break
31:53on the way
31:53they were green
31:54but green like a meadow
31:55so that they were
31:56inedible
31:57I never dared to tell him
31:58and I still have it
31:59thanked for the hard-boiled eggs
32:00that she sent me
32:00in this student Paris
32:04the 1930s
32:05Lucio Braque
32:07looking for teachings
32:08outside
32:09from the university benches
32:11comrade to name
32:12president
32:12you anyway
32:13No, I have a report to write.
32:14then Victor
32:15Yes, Victor.
32:16Okay then
32:16then Louis will be the secretary
32:18session for tonight
32:19Lucio Braque
32:20in the archives
32:21of the French Communist Party
32:23December 12, 1945
32:25I joined the youth group.
32:29communists in 1932
32:31material difficulties
32:33that I knew
32:34made me adapt
32:35my pacifism
32:36to more combative ideas
32:38and very quickly
32:43she reveals herself
32:44like an activist
32:45first-rate
32:46since it is very fast
32:48youth secretary
32:49communists of the 5th
32:50then from the radius of the 13th
32:51and then she becomes a member
32:52from the Paris-City office
32:53Lucie Braque
33:02challenge the leagues
33:03far right
33:04increasingly numerous
33:05and becomes an activist
33:07antifascist
33:08ready to fight
33:09Why does it stand out?
33:13because she has
33:13physical courage
33:15extraordinary
33:16she fights physically
33:18against the king's camels
33:19For example
33:19she has a very large
33:21intellectual audacity
33:22that is to say, she is not afraid
33:23It was nothing
33:24She believes anything is possible
33:25and it is certain
33:27that this training
33:28of antifascist
33:30will play a very big role
33:31in the decisions
33:33that she will have to take
33:34and then comes
33:48September 1, 1939
33:50and no doubt we can imagine
33:53each of our 5 women
33:55his ear glued to his radio
33:57This is the beginning
34:01of the Second World War
34:02in Europe
34:03the Germans
34:04attack Poland
34:05without a declaration of war
34:06the Polish people
34:08with the invasion of Poland
34:10through the game of alliances
34:12the United Kingdom
34:13and France intervenes
34:14and declare
34:15war on Germany
34:16the course of history
34:21surge
34:22about our 5 characters
34:23as across the whole of France
34:25But as Europe burns
34:27They are all 5
34:29and already armed
34:30to stay the course
34:31of their convictions
34:32and refuse to sink
34:34starting with our tennis woman
34:37Simone Mathieu
34:39Simone Mathieu is close
34:45to become world number 1
34:47he just needs to win
34:482 or 3 turns
34:49at the US Open
34:50so she's playing a trick
34:52and she learns that
34:54the war
34:54is declared
34:55and so she decides
34:56to return
34:58in Europe
34:59his boat
35:02stops
35:02in England
35:03and she is accepted
35:05by an English friend
35:06and Simone Mathieu
35:10daughter of veterans
35:11discovers that in England
35:13women can
35:14joining the army
35:15which is not the case
35:16In France
35:17in November 1939
35:20the tennis player
35:22puts on the uniform
35:23ATS
35:23volunteer service
35:25feminine
35:25of the British Army
35:26it serves as
35:29translator and driver
35:31particularly in Wales
35:33during this time
35:36Renée Davili
35:37French singer
35:39to become
35:39in Buenos Aires
35:40returned to Paris
35:41and she's not doing well
35:43Charles
35:45the lover
35:46and protector of Renée
35:47died that day
35:48the next day
35:49and so
35:50when France
35:51is getting ready
35:52to go to war
35:53his world
35:54collapsed
35:55And it collapses.
35:57all the more so
35:58stiff for her
36:00what in fact
36:00she incurred expenses
36:01to leave for a month
36:03touring the Levant
36:04she embarks in Marseille
36:05to go to Cairo
36:06his life at that time
36:12It is
36:12I need to sing
36:13that I have commitments
36:14that I keep having
36:15commitments
36:15to live
36:16Thus
36:18Renée Davili
36:19it is said that by skimming
36:20the cabarets of Cairo
36:21she could earn her living
36:23certainly
36:24but also
36:24give themselves a chance
36:25to become famous
36:26gold
36:31the war will turn everything upside down
36:33her destiny as a singer
36:34In France
36:41after the general mobilization
36:43the weeks go by
36:45but the armed conflict
36:46does not commit
36:47during this strange war
36:51Lucie Aubrac
36:52is a history professor
36:53in a high school in Strasbourg
36:55and it's here
36:56that she met
36:58his future partner
36:59life
36:59and action
37:00then Raymond Samuel
37:04he is also discreet
37:05and reserved
37:06that she is expansive
37:07and talkative
37:08but
37:09I would say that the amalgamation
37:10between these two temperaments
37:11at the opposite end of the spectrum
37:13each other
37:13will happen
37:15remarkably
37:16December 14, 1939
37:23December 14, 1939
37:23Lucie Aubrac
37:24wife Raymond Samuel
37:25young engineer
37:26bridges
37:27mobilized on the front
37:28but the young couple
37:31also took
37:33another crucial decision
37:34renounce visas
37:37for the United States
37:38and therefore to the opportunity
37:40to escape the war
37:42stay in France
37:44is a decision
37:45all the more risky
37:46that Raymond Samuel
37:47is of Jewish faith
37:49but also
37:55because the vise
37:56tightens
37:57after months
38:08observation
38:08May 10, 1940
38:10the Wehrmacht
38:11launches a lightning offensive
38:13in less than 6 weeks
38:15the war is lost
38:17very quickly
38:19the French army
38:21is bankrupt
38:21and millions
38:23of French
38:23throw themselves onto the roads
38:24after installation
38:28German troops
38:29in Paris
38:29and the division
38:31of France
38:31in several areas
38:32the family
38:33by Mila Racine
38:34Jewish family
38:35immigrant from Russia
38:36decided
38:37during the summer of 1940
38:38exceed
38:39in the southern zone
38:40My name is
38:42Sacha Racine
38:44Medenberg
38:45Sacha Racine
38:46wife Medenberg
38:48and younger sister
38:49from Mila
38:49remembers
38:50of this exodus
38:51with family
38:52my cousin
38:54Naoum Racine
38:56picked up
38:57all members
38:58of the family
38:58that existed
38:59we were supposed to be
39:00about twenty
39:00He called
39:02to everyone
39:02he took
39:03the two trucks
39:04from the factory
39:04and his car
39:05and he took
39:07about twenty
39:08people
39:09to leave Paris
39:11and in Pau
39:12we had friends
39:13who had rented
39:13a large villa
39:14but empty
39:15without anything
39:15so we all
39:17slept on the floor
39:18and we never
39:19might as well laugh
39:20of our life
39:21and we had
39:21a cousin
39:22who had taken
39:23a dressing gown
39:24very elegant
39:26and who started
39:26creams
39:27and stuff
39:28and stuff
39:28and we went to bed
39:29on the ground
39:30You know
39:31at 16-17 years old
39:32We laugh at everything
39:33when you don't have
39:34misfortunes
39:35No
39:36we didn't realize
39:38account of what
39:39we were waiting
39:39but I have a memory of it
39:41absolutely hilarious
39:42For now
39:45laughter
39:46is still an army
39:47effective
39:48against the catastrophe
39:49which is coming
39:50because since June 17, 1940
39:56France
39:57has shifted
39:58Marshal Pétain
40:00president of the council
40:01ministers
40:01you speak
40:02I addressed
40:04tonight
40:04to the opponent
40:05to ask him
40:06he is ready
40:08to search with me
40:09between soldiers
40:10after the fight
40:12and in honor
40:13the means
40:13to put on a dark circle
40:14to hostilities
40:15Marshal Pétain
40:19announces that the war
40:20is finished
40:21It's the armistice.
40:22but this speech
40:24which rings
40:25like the end
40:25of a fight
40:26brand in reality
40:28the beginning
40:29from another
40:29it's a kind
40:34movement
40:35very simple
40:36love at first sight
40:38the refusal
40:39to accept
40:40enslavement
40:41of our country
40:41I heard
40:43the speech
40:44of Marshal Pétain
40:45who asked
40:45the armistice
40:46I was near
40:48of my father
40:49and it seemed to me
40:51so intolerable
40:53I'm dating
40:54my commitment
40:55in the resistance
40:56from that moment
40:57it's the refusal
40:59how our 5 heroines
41:04did they face
41:05the collapse
41:05of France
41:06that's the horizon
41:08of the next episode
41:09that the only
41:11is-near
41:11of France
41:23it seemed to me
41:24of France
41:24it seemed to me
41:24of France
Comentários