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While World War II rages, Palestinian Arabs feel trapped; the British Mandate ends and the state of Israel is declared; war breaks out, ending in Israel's independence. The Holy City lies divided in a no-man's land of barbed wire.
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00:00Teram balance,
00:10Jerusalém é a cidade universal,
00:13a cidade escolha,
00:16a cidade de Holy,
00:20esta é a bênção,
00:22mas também dájam peł địa,
00:24e a sua ugliness,
00:28Porque significa que as pessoas pensam que eles precisam posses isso, absolutamente.
00:37A palestinante e-Israelite conflitos que nós estamos vivendo hoje.
00:41Você tem visto isso em Jerusalém por milhares de milhares.
00:47Para os jovens, Jerusalém é onde Solomon construiu o templo.
00:52Para os cristãos, isso é o lugar onde Jesus foi cruzado.
00:57Para os jovens, Jerusalém é onde o Prophet Muhammad fez a jornada de noite.
01:03As pessoas são dito a conquistar o mundo.
01:05Eles foram derrotados por essa cidade.
01:08Não outro individual mudou a terra como Herod o Great did.
01:15Saladin foi decidido tomar os cristãos e levar eles de Jerusalém.
01:20At a time of Ottoman e Islamic rule,
01:24os britânicos queriam mal controlar a terra da Igreja.
01:27O principal dos Estados Unidos é contra o governo britânico de palestino.
01:35Nós somos os únicos do mundo do mundo, homens e semelhança.
01:40Para os israelis, a criação do Estado de Israel é visto como um milagre.
01:45E, claro, para os palestinos, é um grande desastre.
01:50O histórico de Jerusalém é uma história muito complicada.
01:54E se você não conhece a sua complexidade,
01:57é muito difícil entender o que está acontecendo hoje.
02:02O passado nunca é morto.
02:04E se há uma cidade no mundo para que isso se aplica,
02:07é Jerusalém.
02:08E aí
02:20E aí
02:22E aí
02:23A CIDADE NO BRASIL
02:59A CIDADE NO BRASIL
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08:06A CIDADE NO BRASIL
08:17A CIDADE NO BRASIL
08:24Exhibitions of savagery the world has ever seen
08:28Complicating this story
08:30Is that the British mandate is also
08:32Closely allied to many Arab leaders at the time
08:35Like Abdullah of Transjordan
08:39Abdullah is the son of Ali Sharif from Mecca
08:43He considers himself and is considered by many
08:47In the Muslim world
08:48To be a descendant of the Prophet
08:52Abdullah arises as this kind of magical wizard
08:55A brilliant, political, very shrewd mind
08:59Even smarter than those who came before him
09:02The British liked him, he liked them
09:05He saw himself as a moderate man
09:09Who could make an arrangement with the British
09:13Transjordan was part of the British mandate
09:17Abdullah wanted to be the king of this Arab land
09:22And possibly by being an ally of the British
09:26In the war
09:27He might get handsomely rewarded
09:31In May of 1945
09:33After six years of fighting
09:36And a brutal holocaust
09:38In which six million Jews were murdered
09:40World War II finally ends in Europe
09:44Allied officers inside the shattered city of Berlin
09:48Metropolis of a Nazi empire
09:50That once held sway over almost all of Europe
09:52Keitel sign
09:54The unconditional defeat of Germany is complete
10:02Both Abdullah and Ben-Gurion celebrate the British victory
10:06But the fight in Jerusalem is far from over
10:11The second world war is over
10:14The Jews cannot rejoice like other people
10:18We are the only people in the world
10:22Homeless and useless
10:25Ben-Gurion and Abdullah each expect to be rewarded
10:29For their loyalty to the British
10:31But both leaders desire the same thing
10:34Control of the Holy Land
10:43World War II has ended
10:45Britain maintains its mandate over Palestine
10:49And on May 25th 1946
10:53Britain rewards Transjordan's loyalty during the war
10:56By granting its independence
10:59And crowning Abdullah king
11:01Once Abdullah had Transjordan
11:04He began to plan
11:07To see if he could get
11:09The West Bank and Jerusalem
11:10For himself
11:14Jerusalem was important
11:16For a person like King Abdullah
11:18Who came from family that had ruled
11:21Over the holy sites
11:23In Saudi Arabia
11:24Mecca and Medina
11:25Who lost control over this territory
11:29And he said, you know
11:31If I can't get control over Mecca and Medina
11:34Maybe the third holiest place in Islam
11:37Jerusalem could at least come under my control
11:41King Abdullah was always seen by Palestinians
11:44Sort of as a pawn of the British
11:46He was there because of the British
11:49And he was indebted to the British
11:51King Abdullah of Transjordan
11:53Recently went to see the High Commissioner
11:55Much importance was attached to the visit
11:58Which presumably was not entirely unconnected
12:00With the future of Palestine
12:01King Abdullah was certainly anxious
12:04To walk hand in hand, so to speak
12:06With Great Britain
12:09He was a brilliant political maneuver
12:11But Abdullah was playing a very dangerous game
12:16Many regarded it as a betrayal
12:19A betrayal to Arab nationalism
12:21A betrayal to the Palestinians
12:23Many other leaders in the region regarded him
12:26As a semi-collaborator
12:29But Abdullah isn't the only leader
12:32With ambitions of claiming Palestine
12:34Look, the Jews' hope was
12:38That after the end of the World War
12:41British policy on immigration would change
12:48Here were the remnants of the Jews of Europe
12:51No other country was opening their doors to them
12:55And the British said, no, not on our watch
12:58They're not coming
13:00And where it didn't make strategic sense is
13:03Did they really think the Jews
13:04Were not going to smuggle in a bunch of people?
13:07They smuggled them in during the day
13:09They smuggled them in at night
13:10You have these unbelievable images
13:13Of these old women
13:15Sitting on their balconies in Tel Aviv
13:17With a special code
13:19To tell the ships that were coming in
13:22Whether or not there were Brits around
13:25When the numbers got to
13:27Literally tens of thousands of immigrants
13:29Coming in annually
13:30In a small country
13:31It was quite a shock to the system
13:34And the Arabs were demanding that it be stopped
13:39Eventually
13:39The British get utterly and totally fed up
13:43And they decide to round up
13:45The entire leadership of the Jewish community
13:47And they do it on Sabbath
13:52On June 29th of 1946
13:55More than 2,700 Jewish leaders were arrested
14:00The plan was to decapitate the Jewish leadership in Palestine
14:05Ben-Gurion said
14:07It's given me the determination
14:09That we now have no alternative
14:12But to found a Jewish state
14:14And we will just fight much stronger than before
14:19While Ben-Gurion avoids arrest
14:21He has lost nearly his entire leadership team
14:24So a new head of the political department must be named
14:29Golda Meir was a very strong woman
14:32Intelligent woman
14:33And she became
14:35The most prominent woman in the Zionist movement
14:41If people have an image of Golda Meir
14:44It's as an old grandmother
14:45No makeup
14:47Carrying a funky little purse
14:50That is wrong
14:51That is not Golda Meir
14:53Golda Meir was
14:55Tough
14:56Stubborn
14:57Her English was flawless
14:58Because from the time she was eight
15:00She lived in Milwaukee
15:02She was expecting to be treated
15:05On the same level as the men
15:07And she didn't ask
15:09She just did it
15:13And she had the talent necessary
15:15To negotiate these incredibly complex steps
15:19With Meir leading the way
15:21Ben-Gurion goes back to the bargaining table with the British
15:25Looking for a solution to the crisis that avoids violence
15:30But one radical Jewish underground group
15:32Has no interest in negotiating
15:36The Irgun were an organized Jewish militia
15:42Initially under the British mandate
15:44They're viewed as a terrorist organization
15:46The Irgun understood the enormous symbolism of violence
15:50For a wider purpose
15:52To undermine the credibility
15:53And the prestige of an occupying government
15:57They operated in total secrecy
16:02People were sworn into a brotherhood of violent action
16:07Their operating mentality
16:10Is that if we don't create fear and havoc
16:13And destruction and terror
16:14We are not going to be able to depopulate these areas in Israel
16:18To establish our state
16:20Five Britons die
16:21And six more are injured
16:23As a blast wrecks police headquarters
16:25At Serona near Tel Aviv in Palestine
16:27They blew up the immigration offices
16:30They blew up the land registry offices
16:32And also the offices of taxation
16:34Which fueled and enabled the British to rule in Palestine
16:38But the Irgun were trying to make it really clear
16:42That subservience was not on the table
16:46That the only thing on the table was their departure
16:52They wanted to make the British really pay
16:54For staying in Palestine
16:57And they did
17:04A Jewish paramilitary organization known as the Irgun
17:07Seeks to end British rule in the Holy Land
17:11After a series of devastating attacks
17:13They set their sights on one of Jerusalem's central landmarks
17:17The King David Hotel was a luxury hotel
17:20That was the hub of all social activity in Jerusalem
17:26The King David Hotel represented the future of Jerusalem
17:30And the British carefully chose to have their headquarter there
17:35On July 22nd, 1946
17:39Irgun operatives would ferry these very large milk churns
17:44Into the building
17:45That was the subterfuge
17:48Inside a half dozen of the milk churns were actually high explosives
17:52They set a timer and left
17:59And 91 persons were killed
18:00A majority of whom were Palestinians
18:03The attack on the King David Hotel
18:05Was nothing like any of the terror attacks against the British before
18:10It was different in dimension
18:12It was different in its symbolic power
18:15And it was different just in the way it was seen
18:18By everyone living in Jerusalem
18:22This really was the first kind of blow that shattered British resolve
18:26To stay in Palestine and began to convince them
18:29That there was no way that under their tutelage
18:33That peace could ever be imposed there
18:35In the end, the British, they said, we're out of here
18:39And so they made the mess
18:42And then they decided to walk away from it
18:44His Majesty's government must plan for an early withdrawal
18:49Of British forces from Palestine
18:52Once the British decided
18:54They would give back their mandate
18:56It was the recently founded United Nations
19:00That would decide
19:01If a new state would be established or not
19:05And it wasn't such an easy path
19:07The UN barely existed at that point
19:09I frankly have no idea
19:11Whether most of the countries knew what they were doing
19:15There is no Palestinian representative at the UN
19:18There was no formal leadership
19:21You have Arab leaders speaking on behalf of the Palestinians
19:24But not necessarily speaking from within the Palestinian communities themselves
19:29All the while you had these outside actors
19:32Making decisions on the behalf of Palestinians
19:35That did not take their interest at heart
19:39In 1947, the United Nations votes for the creation of a Jewish state
19:44And a Palestinian Arab state in Palestine
19:46And they draw an incredibly unrealistic partition of the country
19:52Its decision on what to do in Palestine
19:56Was to cut the baby in half
20:00The partition plan separated Palestine into three parts
20:05One was Jewish
20:07The other was Arab
20:08And the third was Jerusalem
20:11And some territory around Jerusalem
20:14Which will be overseed by the international community
20:21The Palestinians were fundamentally opposed to partition
20:24Partition is going to mean the Palestinians
20:26To fall in what would become the Jewish state
20:29Would be suddenly aliens in their own land
20:32From the Palestinian perspective
20:34They were not responsible for the Holocaust
20:36They were not in Europe
20:38They have to sort of pay the price
20:40For what the world stood by and watched
20:43In terms of this horrendous massacre of an entire race
20:47And nobody's really speaking on their behalf
20:51Operating without Palestinian Arab input
20:53The other Arab leaders reject the United Nations resolution
20:57When the Arabs rejected the partition plan
21:01They lost out on the creation of a Palestinian state
21:04That would have been recognized by the international community
21:09At that point, the British said
21:11We're going to leave on May 14, 1948
21:13We'll start packing up now
21:15We have six months
21:18The Jews were elated
21:21This meant the creation of the Jewish state
21:24People danced in the streets
21:27Children gave flowers to the British soldiers
21:33This was a dream come true for the Jews all over the world
21:38Suddenly we have a Jewish state
21:40Ben-Gurion was not celebrating
21:44Because he knew the war is coming
21:47On the Arab-Palestinian side
21:49This was viewed as unfair
21:51There were protests
21:53There were uprisings
21:54There was violence
21:55And both sides started to prepare for the outcome
22:01Which was war and more bloodshed
22:05The Ergun turn their focus to the Palestinian Arab communities
22:09They unleash a new wave of violence
22:12Culminating in a devastating attack
22:14On a small community just outside Jerusalem
22:16Dair Yassin
22:18Dair Yassin was one of the 365 villages
22:23Which were completely demolished in 1948
22:27By Zionist terrorist movements
22:30Such as the Ergun and others
22:34Dair Yassin sits in this very critical geographic area
22:37Around Jerusalem
22:38That if you got rid of Dair Yassin
22:40It gives Jews easier access to the cities
22:43Ergun entered the city of Dair Yassin
22:45And instigates the massacre
22:48At least 120 people were killed
22:50Among them also women and children
22:57It was a deliberate plan to expel people
23:01To cleanse
23:03That's the term they used
23:05They used it to make it Arab-free
23:07And they succeeded
23:10Oftentimes you'll hear stories
23:12Well, who told the Palestinians to flee?
23:14Well, when you have armed militias
23:16Coming in through your towns
23:17Stealing your land
23:19They are killing your children
23:20You're going to get populations fleeing
23:25At the same time
23:26Ben-Gurion is making war plans
23:29You know there's going to be a war
23:31And it's not just against local Palestinians
23:34But it's against foreign Arab countries as well
23:39Once the British officially leave
23:41A new Jewish state will be declared
23:44And with it, a war for Jerusalem
23:50Only five months remain
23:51Until the British withdraw from Palestine
23:53But while the decision to partition the Holy Land
23:57Brings the Jewish community hope
23:58It leaves the Palestinian Arabs in turmoil
24:02The lack of leadership created a chaos scenario
24:06There were lots of countries
24:08Tried to win over specific local leaders
24:11So essentially, lots of Palestinian local leaders
24:14Became puppets for much bigger actors
24:18The British had a design
24:20The Zionists had a design
24:22The Palestinians could have had the greatest leader in the world
24:26Couldn't have stopped this machine
24:30In Jerusalem, David Ben-Gurion also expects
24:33The surrounding Arab nations to come to the Palestinian Arabs' defense
24:37It was clear the moment the United Nations voted for partition
24:42That Israel had to fight for its existence
24:47It was a diplomatic victory
24:49But it had to be followed by a military victory
24:53Almost instantly, all the major Arab republics and kingdoms
24:56Egypt, Jordan and Syria, Lebanon, Iraq
25:00All of them planned to invade
25:02In order to crush the Jewish state
25:04In its cradle, as it were
25:06Ben-Gurion
25:08He had an army
25:09But they had no planes
25:10They had virtually no artillery
25:13They had nothing
25:15Ben-Gurion thought it was $7 million that was necessary
25:18To buy weapons
25:20And they needed weapons
25:23And Ben-Gurion says
25:25Well, where are the witch Jews?
25:30The United States really didn't have much of a relationship with Palestine
25:34But certainly, as the horrors that had befallen the Jews during World War II
25:40Became known
25:41Tremendous sympathy began to arise in the United States
25:47Ben-Gurion was ready to go himself
25:50To speak to American Jews
25:54But it also became clear he was needed in Israel
25:58And then it was Golda Meir who stood up and said, she will go
26:04She grew up in Milwaukee
26:06She knew Americans and American Jews
26:08She could speak English better than Ben-Gurion
26:14I'm here to ask the Jews in the United States
26:18That as long as they will give us the aid that we require
26:22In a very short time
26:24The state of Israel will be a state in peace
26:29Meir embarks on a whirlwind speaking tour across the country
26:34Culminating in an iconic speech in Chicago
26:36It's a very famous speech
26:39In which she basically said
26:41And so if you want to see 800,000 more Jews die
26:44That's your choice
26:45If we have to fight with sticks and rocks
26:48Because you don't buy us weapons
26:50We will
26:51And she raised $50 million in six weeks
26:55By the time she travels back to Jerusalem
26:57Meir has surpassed all expectations
27:01Raising over seven times what Ben-Gurion hoped for
27:04They flew planes in
27:05They bought ammunition
27:07They bought guns
27:08They armed the entire community
27:11And you're talking about people who came off the boat
27:14On Tuesday
27:17Out of Dachau
27:18And if they could walk
27:20They had a weapon by Sunday
27:25But despite his best efforts
27:27Ben-Gurion knows he's still greatly outnumbered
27:35Ben-Gurion as part of his war plan
27:38Was very concerned with what was going to happen
27:42On Israel's border with Jordan
27:43And King Abdullah
27:46The Jordanians had an army that was trained by the British
27:50It was a very competent army
27:52And they didn't want to have to face them
27:58So days before the mandate comes to an end
28:01Ben-Gurion sends his top negotiator
28:03To meet King Abdullah in person
28:10Golda Meir went to see King Abdullah
28:14She secretly went to Amman
28:16To Jordan
28:17Dressed up as an Arab woman
28:20She's all in black
28:22With a black abaya on
28:23And she's sneaking across the border
28:26It's quite an image
28:28The hope was
28:30That they could at least get King Abdullah
28:33To not attack
28:36But Abdullah has longed to claim Palestine
28:38As part of his own kingdom
28:40And this war is his last chance to do it
28:46Abdullah's interest was very clear
28:49His interest was not to have a Palestinian state
28:52As the partition plan said
28:54But to get Jerusalem
28:57And whatever parts of Palestine
28:59He could grab for himself
29:02So when Golda visited him
29:07On the eve of British evacuation
29:11He told her
29:12I must also participate in the war
29:18Abdullah said
29:20But we can give you autonomy
29:22In a big Jordanian state
29:25Why do you rush to statehood?
29:29And Golda Meir answered
29:30His Excellency
29:32We have waited 2,000 years for statehood
29:36And I think that's enough
29:37We have had enough patience
29:41So Golda came back to Palestine
29:44And said
29:45The Transjordan are going to fight
29:48And the Jordanian army
29:51Would have used all its power
29:53It might be the end of Israel
29:56So Ben-Gurion prepared all the tools
29:58For this moment
30:00And this moment came
30:02And it came in the war of 1948
30:06On May 14th, 1948
30:09The British mandate in Palestine
30:11Officially ends
30:12David Ben-Gurion can finally
30:14Proclaim the establishment
30:15Of the state of Israel
30:17The Jews were ecstatic
30:19In the context of the history of Jews
30:22It was incredibly important
30:24That they be in a place
30:25Where anti-Semitism
30:27Wasn't ruling their lives
30:30That they could feel safe
30:32And it was sort of a dream
30:34Of a lot of people
30:38And of course for the Palestinians
30:40It's a great disaster
30:41It was the day
30:43Where basically
30:44The dream of having
30:46A Palestinian state
30:48Ended
30:51What's celebrated in Israel
30:53As, you know
30:53A wonderful day of independence
30:55For Palestinians
30:56Is the day that basically meant
30:57That they have lost
30:58Any of their national rights
31:02Ben-Gurion was the first prime minister
31:04Everybody knew who he would be
31:06Ben-Gurion was
31:07Very happy, obviously
31:09He thought
31:10He had a tremendous amount
31:12Of work to do
31:13So it was a very emotional moment
31:15For many
31:16There was no time
31:18Or no opportunity
31:20Of reflection
31:23And so on May 15th
31:25Five Arab states
31:27Declared war
31:28Against Israel
31:31Egypt, Lebanon
31:33Iraq and Syria
31:35But also Transjordan
31:36That was loyal to King Abdullah
31:38The Arab countries
31:40That are coming in
31:41Were not just trying to
31:43Quote-unquote
31:43Save the Palestinians
31:44They all wanted it for themselves
31:48King Abdullah is the first
31:50To launch an invasion
31:52Leading the charge
31:53Into the heart
31:54Of Jerusalem himself
31:56Jerusalem under siege
31:58Was very dramatic
31:59For the people living there
32:00They literally
32:02Did not have
32:04Enough to drink
32:05And enough to eat
32:07There was a Jewish community
32:09In the old city
32:10That had to be evacuated
32:12People went to Transjordan
32:16As prisoners of war
32:18The fighting was really
32:20Very considerable
32:21In Jerusalem
32:22And the new Israeli forces
32:24Don't want to give it up
32:26It's the prize
32:31But they surrendered
32:33And the whole old city
32:35Was given over
32:36To the armies
32:37Of the Jordanians
32:38The iconic synagogue
32:40In the old city
32:42Was destroyed
32:43All of the Jewish
32:44Homes were looted
32:46The city was badly damaged
32:49During this period
32:52While King Abdullah's forces
32:54Claim the old city
32:56Israel maintains
32:57A tenuous hold
32:58On the western parts
32:59Of Jerusalem
33:02But the other Arab armies
33:04Are approaching
33:05From all sides
33:07Israel didn't really
33:08Have an army
33:09I mean it had
33:10A kind of proto army
33:11And you have
33:13Hundreds of thousands
33:14Of people
33:15Who are still
33:17So frail
33:18From the camps
33:19That you have to
33:21Defend at the same time
33:22That you're fighting
33:25One of the critical
33:26Developments
33:27During the first
33:28Arab-Israeli war
33:29Is that
33:30Yirgun merged
33:32With the IDF
33:33The Israeli defense forces
33:34And cooperated fully
33:37And cooperated fully
33:38Ben-Gurion did not have
33:40Any alternative
33:43The enemies of my enemy
33:46Are my friends
33:49It's Skoda's favorite phrase
33:52There's no choice
33:53There's no choice
33:56We either establish this
33:58And make it work
33:59Or all the Jews are dead
34:01There's no choice
34:05Everybody was drafted
34:06And everybody remains drafted
34:08From the time that you're 18
34:10Male and female
34:11Until you're 65
34:15It's very much designed
34:16As a quote-unquote
34:18Civilian army
34:19The role of women
34:20Is part of this
34:22You're going to have rights
34:23Then you have to have
34:24Responsibilities
34:30Months of brutal combat
34:31Consumed the entire Middle East
34:35The 1948 war
34:37The way it's told
34:38It was very brutal
34:40Very bloody
34:43The Arabs thought
34:44That this was going
34:45To be a decisive victory
34:46It was at least
34:48Announced and pushed out
34:49Via the different
34:50Propaganda machines
34:52That this is the time
34:53To push the Jews
34:54Into the sea
34:55In the state of Israel
34:57And reclaim the land
34:58Again
35:01For the Jewish community
35:03Who just lost 6 million
35:08The feeling was
35:10That people were facing
35:13A crucial moment
35:15In their existence
35:17But those Jews
35:20Who never fought wars
35:22Who always lost wars
35:26Keep fighting
35:33For months
35:34Israel and Transjordan
35:35Have been locked in a battle
35:37For control of Jerusalem
35:40But eventually
35:41Neither side
35:42Had any strength
35:43To fight anymore
35:44The IDF
35:46Had no power
35:47Left
35:47And the Jordanians
35:50Basically
35:51They were all
35:52Out of ammunition
35:53They have to announce
35:54A ceasefire
35:55The Jews
35:57The Jews get like
35:5870%
36:00Of Western Palestine
36:03It's a much
36:04Greater territory
36:06Than was
36:08Originally allocated
36:10By the UN
36:13The Palestinian state
36:15The Palestinian state
36:15Does not exist
36:16Because Jordan
36:17And Egypt
36:18Grabbed these pieces
36:19For themselves
36:19Egypt controls
36:21The Gaza Strip
36:22And Transjordan
36:25Controls the West Bank
36:31So Abdullah
36:32Comes out victorious
36:33In a sense
36:34And he's able
36:34To take the West Bank
36:36And Jerusalem
36:38The old city
36:39As we know it
36:40Was placed into Jordan
36:44Inside the mosque
36:45Incidentally a scene
36:47That has I think
36:47Never been filmed before
36:48We see King Abdullah
36:50And his followers
36:51Praying to Allah
36:55King Abdullah
36:56Continues to rule
36:57Transjordan
36:57And the Holy City
36:58Until he's assassinated
37:00In 1951
37:02By a Palestinian
37:03Arab nationalist
37:04For refusing to grant
37:06His people their sovereignty
37:09And while David Ben-Gurion
37:11Fails to win control
37:12Of the city of Jerusalem
37:14He finally sees his dream
37:16Of a Jewish state
37:17Come to fruition
37:20Ben-Gurion
37:21Always had hoped
37:23To establish
37:24A state
37:25That would become
37:26Almost a
37:27To use a biblical phrase
37:29Which he loved
37:30A light unto the nations
37:33Ben-Gurion remains
37:34Israel's prime minister
37:35Until 1963
37:38Retiring from political life
37:39Completely in 1970
37:43It's not clear to me
37:44That Israel would have been formed
37:46Without Ben-Gurion's
37:47Really quite brilliant
37:48Tactical
37:49Strategic maneuvers
37:53Carrying the first
37:54Israeli-issued passport
37:55Golda Meir
37:57Continues to play
37:58A major role
37:59In Israeli politics
38:00Golda Meir
38:01Remained a player
38:01Her entire life
38:03And then ultimately
38:04She becomes
38:06The first female
38:07Prime minister
38:07In the western world
38:10For Jews around the world
38:12The conflict becomes
38:13Known as
38:14The War of Independence
38:16For the Israelis
38:17The War of Independence
38:19Was a great moment
38:20I mean
38:21They saw that
38:22They could establish
38:24A nation
38:25In which they could
38:27Virtually create
38:28The kind of country
38:29They wanted to
38:33And you have to remember
38:34That 3,000 years ago
38:35It was the Jews
38:36Of Palestine
38:38That decided
38:39That on this hill
38:41That this will be
38:43The capital
38:44And the shrine
38:45Will be there
38:46And for 2,000 years
38:48Jews all over the world
38:50Spoke about
38:50Next year in Jerusalem
38:53And in 1948
38:54It was this year
38:56In Jerusalem
38:57For Israelis
38:59Of course
38:59It's the War of Independence
39:00It's a kind of
39:02Triumphant naming
39:03For the Palestinians
39:05It's Nakba
39:06It's their catastrophe
39:08It's their real defeat
39:13When people so often
39:15Talk about the conflict
39:16They say
39:17Wouldn't it have been smarter
39:18If the Palestinians
39:19Had accepted
39:20Sharing Palestine
39:21But if you're Palestinian
39:23Living in this time period
39:24Before 1948
39:25You are 70%
39:26Of the population
39:27You own the land
39:28And there's Jerusalem
39:30And Jerusalem is so important
39:32So for Palestinians
39:33This is like sheer madness
39:35The Nakba
39:36For the Palestinians
39:37Is an ongoing
39:40Traumatic experience
39:42The Palestinians
39:43Continue to live
39:44The effects of it
39:45To this day
39:48This Western colonialist
39:50Project
39:51Project
39:52Of Israel
39:53Taking over Palestine
39:55Continues to demolish
39:56Our heritage
39:57Our being
39:58Our presence
40:02Of the 1.2 million Palestinians
40:05750,000 became displaced
40:08By the 1948 war
40:09So you're talking about
40:10Two-thirds of the Palestinian population
40:12Becoming displaced
40:14And it's a moment of history
40:17That the Palestinians
40:18Have never emerged from
40:26The city of Jerusalem
40:27Is divided
40:28Basically in an eastern part
40:30And a western part
40:31It's not a wall
40:32But barbed wire
40:33And you can't just cross it
40:35But the holy places
40:37The real symbolic places
40:39Were part of Jordan
40:41Jews are deprived access
40:43To their holiest religious place
40:45The western wall
40:47And it I think
40:49Introduces an element
40:50Of tension
40:51And of a perpetual
40:53State of war
40:54That makes Israel
40:56Constantly
40:57Feel extremely precarious
41:00And that its future
41:02Is always uncertain
41:05Jerusalem will remain
41:06In this tenuous state
41:07For the next 19 years
41:09Until 1967
41:11When tensions explode
41:12Once again
41:13Throwing the entire region
41:15Back into another
41:16Devastating war
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