00:00For decades, the exploration of space causes the dreams of men.
00:04And since 2000, a human presence has been maintained in orbit.
00:09Recently, a new record was established.
00:12A few weeks ago, 17 people from five different nationalities
00:16were simultaneously in orbit.
00:19The previous record went to September 2021
00:22during the mission Inspiration4,
00:25financed by private funds,
00:26where the number of people in orbit was 14.
00:30Let's see.
00:31Recently, three new people have joined the Space Space Station
00:34of Tiangong.
00:36There are also three other astronauts,
00:39present since November 2022,
00:42who should return to Earth in June.
00:44Moreover, this person is located at the Space Space Station
00:48while four crew members have left the ISS
00:51at the spacecraft crew Dragon Freedom of SpaceX
00:54return with success on Earth,
00:57the 30 May 2023.
00:58This leaves 13 people in orbit.
01:02Fait interesting,
01:03this record includes also the 600th person
01:05to reach the Earth.
01:07Riana Barnawi,
01:09member of the mission Axe-2,
01:10is becoming the 600th plane plane
01:12and the first Saudian to travel in space.
01:15But we have something even more fascinating to show you.
01:18In fact,
01:20the record of the most large number of people in space,
01:23and not only in orbit terrestre,
01:25has also been beaten there a few.
01:27However,
01:28this record has only lasted about 5 minutes.
01:31During this brief lapse of time,
01:3320 people were found out of the planet.
01:35This record was established
01:36when six members of the team
01:38of the VSS Unity 25
01:40of Virgin Galactic
01:41were found in the same time
01:42that three taikonautes chinois
01:44living and working
01:45on board of Tiangong,
01:46as well as 11 astronauts
01:48on board of the ISS.
01:49This begins to be extremely encombré.
01:51Well,
01:52the Space Space Station
01:53has always welcomed
01:55the majority of space travelers
01:56from the Earth.
01:58However,
01:59I would like to say
02:00that some fascinating facts
02:01about this technology
02:02will still come out.
02:04The ISS
02:04is one of the most brilliant
02:06in the night sky.
02:07The most impressive?
02:08You can be able to
02:10to a special service
02:11which will offer
02:11a notification
02:12every time
02:13that the station passes
02:14just above your place
02:15and remains visible
02:17to the eye.
02:17Personally,
02:18we have seen it
02:19many times
02:20and it is an experience
02:21really impressive.
02:23Normally,
02:24you can see it
02:25between the dawn
02:25and the dawn
02:26but attention
02:27because the station
02:28is moving extremely fast.
02:30At a speed of 8 km
02:31per second
02:32it will circle
02:33a complete orbit
02:34around the Earth
02:35in only 90 minutes.
02:37The Space Space
02:37International
02:38is a real record
02:39in itself.
02:40It is the biggest
02:41object made
02:42by the man in space
02:43with a length
02:44of 110 meters
02:45so the same size
02:46as a field
02:46of football.
02:48It reaches around
02:49450 tons
02:50and 8 space space
02:52can be able
02:52to the ISS
02:53simultaneously.
02:54The space
02:55of life
02:55and work
02:56at board
02:56is more vast
02:57than a house
02:58of six rooms.
02:59The astronauts
03:00have a seat
03:00of sports
03:02and two rooms
03:03and an impressive
03:06panoramic view
03:06at 360 degrees
03:07from their Grand Baie
03:08Vitrée.
03:09Let's go to the more technical details.
03:11On the ISS,
03:12the astronauts
03:13do not have to face
03:14bad odors.
03:15A person specially formed
03:17without all
03:17what the astronauts
03:18bring with them
03:19to protect
03:20the bad odors.
03:21The problem
03:22is that
03:22in space,
03:23you cannot
03:24simply
03:25air the room
03:25if the odor
03:26becomes
03:26uncomfortable.
03:28That's why
03:28the NASA is extremely
03:29prudent
03:30concerning the
03:31fragrances
03:31authorized
03:31to board.
03:32Finally,
03:33it is necessary
03:34to get rid of
03:35these clothes
03:36after each use.
03:37Every single charge
03:39of a half kg
03:40of the ISS
03:41costs up to 10 000 dollars.
03:43It is therefore
03:43more expensive
03:44to put these clothes
03:45to clean up
03:46to clean up
03:47to clean up
03:48in bed.
03:49you will benefit from
03:50the excess of
03:51the dioxide
03:53of carbon
03:53that you would
03:54expirate
03:54into your head
03:56to the deprivation
03:58of oxygen.
03:59And this is clearly not ideal.
04:01People often think
04:02that in space,
04:03the gravity
04:04becomes nulle.
04:05That's why
04:05the astonishment
04:05the astronauts
04:07at the international station
04:08space.
04:09But it is not
04:10exactly.
04:11The gravity
04:12is one of the most fundamental forces
04:14of the universe.
04:15Thanks to her,
04:16the moon can orbit
04:17around the Earth
04:18and the sun
04:19does not come from our galaxy
04:20the Voight
04:21lactate.
04:22But on the ISS
04:23the astronauts
04:24don't find any gravity
04:25in part of the entire
04:26but a microgravity.
04:27Other than
04:28a very weak gravity.
04:30The gravity
04:31terrestrial
04:31is only 10-12%
04:34more weak
04:34than the surface
04:35of the planet.
04:36However,
04:37the astronauts
04:37are constantly
04:38free.
04:39The vessel,
04:40the people
04:41at board
04:41and all the objects
04:42continue to fall
04:43towards the front,
04:43not not towards the bottom,
04:44but towards our planet,
04:46following a specific orbit.
04:48And as they all fall
04:49together,
04:50the equipment and objects
04:51seem to float.
04:52However,
04:53our space exploration plans
04:54go beyond
04:55the Earth's orbit
04:56at board
04:56the International Station
04:57Space Station.
04:59We prepare
04:59to send missions
05:00on the Moon
05:01and establish
05:02colonies on Mars.
05:03Some experts
05:05say that
05:05over the next 25 years
05:07about 20.000 people
05:08could leave
05:09the Earth.
05:10But how many people
05:11would it need
05:12to colonize
05:13a whole system?
05:14In 2002,
05:16the anthropologist
05:17John Moore
05:17of the University of Florida
05:18said that
05:19a space ship
05:20transportable
05:21150 passengers
05:22could leave
05:23the Earth
05:24and take a journey
05:25of several thousands
05:26of years
05:26to another
05:27stellar system.
05:29At their arrival,
05:30the descendants
05:30of the initial equipment
05:31could build
05:32colonies
05:33on a new world.
05:34that seems to be
05:35as ambitious
05:36as
05:37titan-esque.
05:37But
05:38let's continue.
05:39The most close
05:40Proxima
05:41of Centaure
05:42is located at
05:434,2 years
05:44of our planet.
05:46At the cosmic scale,
05:47it is the port
05:47to the side.
05:48However, for us,
05:50it is such a gigantic distance
05:52that we would have
05:53to build a generation vessel
05:54to reach
05:55to come.
05:55But the real question
05:56is to know
05:57how many people
05:58need to send
05:59to provide
06:00enough genetic diversity.
06:03A new study
06:03contredit John Moore
06:05affirming
06:05that it would be
06:06more than 150 people.
06:08According
06:08a scientist
06:09from the University of
06:10Portland,
06:11a vessel traveling
06:12towards a world
06:13so distant
06:13would transport
06:14at least 10,000 individuals.
06:16This number
06:17could ensure
06:17the success of the mission.
06:1940,000 people
06:20would be even better,
06:21because who knows
06:22what could happen
06:23to travelers
06:23during such a dangerous
06:25and unprecedented
06:25for the moment,
06:27the NASA
06:28is not ready
06:28to send humans
06:29even on Mars,
06:30so even less
06:31to a solar system
06:32far away.
06:33However,
06:34some private organizations
06:35work on this project.
06:37They hope
06:38to make
06:38possible travel
06:39in the next century
06:41in a significant increase
06:43of the speed
06:44of propulsion
06:45which could reduce
06:46the time of travel
06:47between the stars
06:48to only
06:49hundreds of years.
06:50The researchers
06:51have made
06:51several simulations
06:52to analyze
06:53the different scenarios
06:54that could happen
06:55during such a mission
06:56interstellar.
06:57They concluded
06:58that the success
06:59of this mission
06:59would depend greatly
07:00of the size
07:01of the start population.
07:03The genetic diversity
07:04would allow
07:05to maintain
07:05the health of travelers
07:06more the population
07:08is larger,
07:08more it is diversified.
07:10And 150 people
07:11would not be enough
07:12to maintain
07:13this genetic diversity.
07:15Even a 500 people
07:17would not be enough.
07:18On the other hand,
07:20if we send
07:2040,000 people
07:21to another
07:22stellar system
07:22we could maintain
07:24a variation
07:25at 100%.
07:26Even 10,000
07:26passengers would
07:27make the scenario
07:28relatively stable.
07:30This means
07:30that all number
07:31including 10,000
07:32and 40,000 people
07:33would be a pretty sure
07:35of course.
07:35But of course,
07:37we could not
07:37send enough people
07:39with a single
07:39vessel.
07:40It would be
07:41to build several
07:42and distribute
07:43these vessels
07:44could be
07:45modular,
07:45capable of
07:46together
07:46for the commerce
07:48and social contact.
07:49Probably
07:49to maintain
07:50a certain
07:51genetic diversity.
07:52However,
07:54they would travel
07:54separately
07:55so that,
07:56if a disaster
07:56hit the one
07:57of them,
07:58the others
07:58would be able to
08:00make the interstellar
08:01possible.
08:02The researchers
08:02and engineers
08:03will be able to
08:04increase the speed
08:06of propulsion,
08:07improve the negative effects
08:09of the space
08:09and invent
08:10autonomous systems
08:12for air,
08:13water and
08:13food.
08:14Or,
08:15we could simply
08:16decide to repair
08:17our own
08:18planet and stay
08:19with us.
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