- 15 hours ago
Countryfile 1988 Season 38 Episode 21
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00:00And round. Oh lovely. This is cool. And up we go. That was fun. That was fantastic. What an exhilarated
00:14way to travel.
00:45We're in the forests of South Wales at a critical point in the year. As spring gives way to summer,
00:52wildlife is at its most active and visitor numbers are rising and that puts pressure on the landscape.
00:58And one of the biggest threats, wildfires. We're going to be meeting the people on the front line, working to
01:04protect, manage and keep these beautiful wooded valleys a joy to visit.
01:11We're in Gethin Forest in the county borough of Merthyr Tidville, where steep wooded river valleys lie in the shadow
01:18of Bannaipraheniog.
01:22This is a landscape known for its wildlife, natural beauty and adrenaline-fuelled adventures, but also one where wildfires are
01:31a seasonal threat.
01:32Wow. It just kind of like takes off, doesn't it? Terrifying, isn't it? Yeah.
01:37Beautiful, isn't it? He's really stunning. So that pattern is as individual to them as a fingerprint is to us.
01:43All right.
01:45I can see how this would really change the way you work.
01:49Yeah. It's a game changer.
01:50Yeah.
01:51And away from the forest, Tom investigates whether the UK is sitting on an untapped green gold mine.
01:58So the big hope for this farm is that not only we're creating a useful economic product that makes our
02:04shareholders cash, but we're also regenerating the marine environment at the same time.
02:16The steep, wooded valley of South Wales is an often overlooked natural asset, but its topography and the way the
02:24land is shaped adds to an already serious problem.
02:29As spring turns to summer in the Welsh Valleys, the risk of wildfire rises quickly.
02:35Last year alone, there were more than 3,000 wildfires in South Wales. Most are thought to have been started
02:42deliberately, though some are linked to careless use of barbecues.
02:46Acting like a funnel, the valley's steep slopes can intensify wind speeds, turbocharging wildfires and allowing them to spread at
02:55pace.
02:55As the manager of over 8,000 hectares of forest, Geraint Price has spent decades helping protect these environments and
03:05has first hand experience of the devastation wildfires can cause.
03:09I'm so shocked to hear about how often wildfires happen in South Wales.
03:14It's devastating. With climate change and global warming, this time of year it's quite often really. We had one last
03:21night.
03:21Last night?
03:22Yeah, and just the other week I've actually got some drone footage of the wildfire taking place.
03:29Oh, wow. It just kind of like takes off, doesn't it?
03:33Terrifying, isn't it?
03:33Yeah.
03:35Decades seeing these trees grow and to see them burn is just heartbreaking for me as a forester.
03:40The environmental impact to wildlife and recreation and conservation, it's huge.
03:46How does a wildfire even start?
03:48A lot of it is arson, unfortunately.
03:50Really?
03:50Yeah.
03:51Someone would want to light a flame in somewhere like this.
03:54I know, Sammy. It's crazy, I know, but it does happen, unfortunately.
03:58What can you do to try and prevent them?
04:01So, basically, for me, the key is monitoring and surveying.
04:05I'm planning today now to deploy a drone, so we're going to go and check the firebreaks.
04:10Firebreak? What is that?
04:12Gethin is a huge forest. There's 856 hectares.
04:16The last thing we want to do is to lose the whole asset.
04:20So, as you can see on the map here, we've got the brown forest roads.
04:24Right, okay.
04:25There's no vegetation growing on them.
04:27Right, okay.
04:28No fuel, no fire.
04:30Okay.
04:30And then we've got the blue lines, which are firebreak.
04:34Right.
04:34Now, that's an area of land that we've reduced the amount of vegetation there,
04:39which will stop potential raging wildfire.
04:42And that's why we're going to do the drone survey today.
04:45From the air, Geraint can assess the forest's health
04:48and the effectiveness of the fire and fuel breaks that protect it.
04:52The results will help guide his work on the ground.
04:57556 hectares of Gethin forest are run as a commercial operation,
05:01with the oldest trees here dating back to 1967.
05:05So, what does it take to, like, raise a tree?
05:08It's a mammoth task.
05:09We plant the tree, and then we nurture that tree then on
05:12through its establishment years, cleaning and re-spacing,
05:15and then watch it up into thicket stage and then into thinning,
05:19where the harvesting team will come in and start taking trees out.
05:22How long do those stages take?
05:24First thinning, early teens, 20 years maybe.
05:27Wow.
05:28Yeah.
05:28Forestry is long-term farming.
05:30Yeah, very long-term.
05:3228 kilometres of fire and fuel breaks surround and dissect Gethin forest.
05:41Inspecting them used to mean a very long walk,
05:43but these days, Geraint and his eagle-eyed spotter Harry
05:49use a state-of-the-art search drone.
05:55Wow, it's got a really good camera, doesn't it?
05:57I can zoom in really close, surveying the crop, just like a farmer.
06:02So, what are you looking for? What would stand out for you?
06:04Any diseases, really, that could have gone onto the trees.
06:07Look for any discolouring on the needles.
06:10I can see how this would really change the way you work.
06:13The distance that you just covered with that drone would have taken you
06:15a very long time.
06:17Yeah, it's a game-changer.
06:19I guess there's still no replacing actually getting out there on foot.
06:21That's still something you need to do.
06:23Very true.
06:23As a forester, it's very important.
06:25We still need to be out there checking visually, going up there.
06:30The drone gives us a bird's-eye view, and from a wildfire point of view,
06:34and then checking on the fire breaks that we've created.
06:37There's one there.
06:38Oh, okay, so that's a fire break.
06:40That's a fire break.
06:41This here is potentially where a wildfire could start.
06:46So, we've got a fire break here.
06:49Right, okay.
06:50Which will stop then the fire continuing into that part of the crop there.
06:55Oh, okay.
06:56So, again, it's damage limitation.
06:58These bands of less dense vegetation reduce the fuel available.
07:02This gives firefighters a chance to combat wildfires before they reach the forest canopy,
07:08where they could spread out of control.
07:11So, there's a fire break like that.
07:12That is also increasing the ecosystem there.
07:14So, it's enhancing biodiversity.
07:17Oh, really?
07:17Encouraging butterflies to come in.
07:19Oh, nice.
07:19Yeah, ground nesting birds.
07:21It's ideal habitat.
07:22So, the area of the map that you pointed out earlier, is that where we're heading on the drone?
07:25That's right, yeah.
07:26This is the open hill.
07:27So, we're going to go and check this boundary here.
07:30Okay.
07:31Because I'm deeming this as very high risk.
07:33Why?
07:33Why would you say this is high risk?
07:35Because we've got the millennia grass out there, and then with Sitka, branches being all the way down to the
07:41ground,
07:41there is a very high likelihood that the fire then will use the branches as a ladder effect.
07:47Right, okay.
07:48And go into the canopy.
07:49Okay.
07:50And then it becomes a canopy fire.
07:52Okay.
07:53Having spotted the issue, Geraint now knows exactly where further action is needed.
07:58So, I'll bring the drone back in, and we'll make our way over there, shall we?
08:02Awesome, yeah.
08:05Location locked in.
08:06Lovely job.
08:08It's off to the southernmost tip of the estate to see the issues up close.
08:13So, I've got a question, maybe a silly one, but what's the difference between a wood and a forest?
08:18I think they're interchangeable, a forestry and a woodland, but a forest is predominantly much bigger.
08:2460% canopy cover for a forestry, and the light levels as well.
08:28Because in a forestry, trees tend to be more closely packed together,
08:32where in a woodland, it's much less dense, much more light getting down to the ground.
08:37But it doesn't matter so much if I get it mixed up?
08:39Absolutely not, no.
08:43Arriving at the location we spotted from the drone,
08:46it's clear to see that the forest has already had a lucky escape.
08:50You can already see there's been a fire here.
08:52Yep, we've been very lucky here that we haven't lost this crop with this fire.
08:59It has burnt them.
09:01Yeah.
09:01But if we were having a wildfire coming in from this direction,
09:05what we need to mitigate against is this ladder-fuel effect here,
09:11being able to climb the branches and get into a canopy fire.
09:15Right, okay, so how do you do that?
09:16It's just good old-fashioned pruning.
09:22By removing these branches, Sammy, we're creating that disconnect.
09:30So you're just removing the bottom runs of the ladder?
09:33Absolutely, protecting the crop from a potential wildfire.
09:36And you can see how much thicker it is up here?
09:38It is, yeah. Let's go and have a look.
09:40Okay.
09:42This is the area we surveyed from the air with the drone.
09:45Okay.
09:45As you can see, it's very overgrown.
09:47So how much were you trying to take away?
09:49We'll probably take about 10 metres out here, 10 to 15 metres,
09:53and then we work in partnership with the fire service.
09:56We have burn plans, et cetera, and that's basically how we stay prepared.
10:02Geraint's work is crucial to the safety of the forest.
10:05But should the worst happen, the South Wales Fire and Rescue Service are called into action.
10:10I'll be meeting them later in the programme to witness how they combat a blaze in the forest
10:16by fighting fire with fire.
10:23Fire is not the only threat to the forest.
10:26As visitor numbers grow, the challenge is to find ways for people to enjoy these landscapes
10:32without damaging what makes them so special.
10:35Thirteen years ago, this area was transformed into the UK's largest mountain bike park.
10:43With over 50 purpose-built trails, Bike Park Wales attracts 80,000 mountain bikers every year,
10:52all seeking the thrills of the outdoors on two wheels.
10:56And today, I'm one of them.
10:59Right, this trail's called Terry's Belly.
11:02Let's give it a go.
11:04Round we go.
11:05Woo!
11:06Nice!
11:07Up we go, up the side.
11:10And round.
11:11Oh, there's a hole there.
11:12What's that?
11:13Oh, lovely!
11:15This is cool!
11:17And up we go.
11:19Whoa!
11:21That.
11:22That was fun.
11:23That was fantastic.
11:24What an exhilarated way to travel.
11:27Right, I'm going to have to go and find the creators of this place.
11:31Where others saw a commercial forest, a group of mountain bikers spotted an opportunity.
11:38Husband and wife, Martin and Anna Astley, are one half of the team who set up this park.
11:43They gave up careers in ecology and accountancy to follow their passion for mountain biking.
11:50Martin, Anna, I've caught you up.
11:53How are you going, all right?
11:55Yeah, thank you.
11:56This is a mountain bikers paradise, isn't it?
11:58Ah, yes it is.
11:59This is incredible.
12:01Yeah.
12:01What was the inspiration behind it all?
12:04All of us, as the founders of the company, have just been passionate mountain bikers forever, really.
12:09And we went to loads of different places and just got really inspired by what we saw there.
12:14I think we kind of just realised that collectively, between us as a team, we probably had the skills that
12:19were needed to build a mountain bike park.
12:21And so how did you set your sights on this part of Wales?
12:25That was a long journey, driving around every hill in South Wales, in Anna's little purple fiesta, not me at
12:33the time.
12:34Right.
12:34And just scouring the hillsides, looking for the places that had the most potential.
12:38You need good topography, you need the right soil type, you need a landowner who's willing to work with you.
12:44So here at Gethin, having a landlord in Natural Resources Wales that were open to working with us was a
12:51really big part of that equation, really.
12:53And we now have a sort of relationship with them that allows everything to flourish, really.
12:59The mountain bike trails, our business, and really importantly for us, the actual forest itself is able to flourish.
13:05So there you were, Anna, a bunch of energetic youngsters turning up with this vision.
13:11How did and how have the locals reacted to you?
13:14I mean, they've just been brilliant. Like, I think we bring so many visitors.
13:19They're really proud of it.
13:21Yeah, it would have been unsurprising if some people had maybe thought, what's this?
13:25I don't want this in my back garden. But I don't know why, it just didn't really happen.
13:30And we've just had a really positive reception from locals.
13:33Yeah. Obviously, it's quite a different direction to take the land in, isn't it?
13:38A mountain bike park like this. So how aware of that were you in those early days?
13:44We've always had a passion for the environment.
13:46You know, I have a degree in zoology. I was an ecologist for a while.
13:49So I think we went into it knowing that we wanted to take care of the environment that we were
13:53in.
13:53Yeah. But as we've matured and the business has matured, new opportunities have come up.
13:59And I think we realised that we had a pretty unique chance to do something really special in this forest.
14:05And that's why, kind of over the years, the relationship with Natural Resources Wales has changed.
14:10And we've been able to do more with the forest than we originally thought.
14:13So what they're doing is now, when they are clear felling, when the forests and the crops come to age,
14:20they're now replanting it with native woodland.
14:22For us as a legacy, it's just the best thing about what we've done here is we're actually able to
14:26change a forest from a fairly monoculture commercial forest into a really diverse, more native forest.
14:40Natural Resources Wales, the forest's landowners, are restoring natural features and native species around the bike trails.
14:50Contracts manager Gareth Rosser is at the heart of the work.
14:54I can see tree guards disappearing off over the brow here, Gareth. So what is the plan with this area?
14:59So the plan with this area is to restore what was here before the conifer was planted.
15:06So you've got some species down here. What are you putting in?
15:09So these are sessile oak. This species in particular actually really enjoys more of the upland habitat.
15:15Well, let's put some more of these in, shall we? And are you a mountain biker yourself?
15:19I am a mountain biker. You are.
15:21Half the appeal of the role was working in and amongst this environment.
15:26My role is just to work really closely as the trail network expands, as their projects get delivered.
15:31Yeah. And just make sure we're still meeting our criteria as an environmental organisation.
15:35We've got a commitment for 33 years of paying us a rent effectively.
15:39And the commitment from our side of things is, let's reinvest that in the hill.
15:43It's interesting, isn't it, when you look at it and you think, if it wasn't for the park, would this
15:46work be happening?
15:47No, I don't think it would. Chances are this might have become a conservation area, but it probably wouldn't have
15:53had the push that I'm doing now with the funding I get to use on site.
15:57Replanting the trees, monitoring them every year. The whole woodland is going to change and it's going to benefit everybody.
16:03Local people can still use the public rights of way. There's a footpath we're stood right next to now.
16:07These are always open, so it's still a publicly owned open woodland for everyone to use.
16:15Attracting riders takes more than steep hills and good views.
16:20Rowan Sorrell is another co-founder and designs the trails that makes this place such a draw.
16:26Good to see you. Yeah, and you.
16:27This is a very impressive creation. Just talk me through the concept of what you're building here.
16:32This is a boardwalk to get us over this really wet ground and we're reusing timber from within the forest.
16:39So how much of your time is spent building and how much is it spent maintaining?
16:45Maintaining for sure is the bigger part. Yeah, like for us it's really important that we don't just like rest
16:52on our laurels and stay constant.
16:54We've always added new trails.
16:58Must come at some cost maintaining all of your trails and the routes.
17:03We're spending well over half a million pounds a year keeping all the trails up and running.
17:07Are you really?
17:08You have to sort of keep on top of that maintenance to keep people wanting to come back.
17:12And when you're going to put in a new trail completely, you know, from scratch, do you have an estimate
17:16in your mind of how much that would cost?
17:20Our green trail, so our beginner trail called Kermit, that's one of the longest and we had to use loads
17:25of stone to build that and that's like quarter of a million pounds.
17:29So, yeah, they're not inexpensive.
17:31It's incredible what you've created though, isn't it?
17:33Yeah, it really is.
17:34Like, yeah, I guess, you know, you have to take those moments every now and then you sort of do
17:37pinch yourself.
17:37Like if myself as a teenager riding bikes could imagine now this is like a career and we've got almost
17:43a hundred people working in this woodland because of mountain biking.
17:47Yeah.
17:48I think that's pretty special.
17:49Yeah.
17:49You know, a lot of us do it because it's partly for the thrill but a huge part of it
17:55is like it's social and being in nature, you know, and I think like it's given me a real sort
17:59of connection to this woodland and just an appreciation of nature, you know, and I think that's something that's like
18:05really valuable for mountain biking.
18:10Later, we'll meet a rider drawn to these slopes for both adrenaline and escape.
18:24These forests are at a turning point and as their future management evolves, so too does the way we manage
18:31our seas.
18:35Seaweed has been harvested along Britain's coast for thousands of years.
18:40But around a decade or so ago, a boom in the global seaweed industry sparked renewed interest here.
18:47Yet ten years on, some insiders say growth in UK seaweed farming has stalled.
18:53Tom investigates.
18:57Four miles off the North Devon coast lies one of the UK's largest commercial seaweed farms.
19:03Beneath the surface, a network of rope-grown kelp is nearing harvest.
19:11The scale of this operation looks impressive, but five years after the business was set up, this is only a
19:18fraction of what it could be.
19:20Oli Hicks, co-founder of the Algapelago seaweed farm, is focused on unlocking that potential.
19:29How much are you harvesting at the moment?
19:31This year we'll harvest 10 to 15 tonnes.
19:33And what kind of proportion of the area is that?
19:35That's on about 10% of the site.
19:38And so at full capacity, we'd go up to around 3,000 tonnes.
19:42I mean, at the moment, because it's really a demonstrated site, all the lines are quite far apart.
19:47It's a fairly basic system.
19:48We're looking at a much more complex system with more dense line spacings and we get a much higher yield.
19:55Around 98% of the world's seaweed production is based in Asia, where it's mostly grown for food.
20:02Europe, by contrast, is the largest global market for seaweed-based biostimulants, aids to crop growth,
20:10where demand is growing and is currently largely met through harvesting seaweeds growing naturally along the coastline.
20:17Algapelago believes their cultivated kelp can offer a more consistent supply and a better product.
20:23Agriculture has used kelp for centuries, and so it's the market that we've chosen to use.
20:29This kelp, we process into fertiliser.
20:32And we are industrialising and standardising that process to create a liquid concentrate biostimulant.
20:40Like that.
20:42Think of it as rocket fuel for your crops.
20:44Can't resist sniffing out, right?
20:46Smells like seaweed, surprisingly.
20:48So not only a bigger crop, but a more resilient crop?
20:51That's right.
20:52Biostimulant has been shown to be really effective at reducing stress induced by heat or drought or cold.
20:58That's where it's really good.
21:00They've currently got trials of their product underway with major agricultural companies,
21:05including Dyson Farming Research and Ribena.
21:09But with no sales of their biostimulant to date, the farmers largely relied on a mix of private funding, grants
21:17and government support.
21:19We've raised nearly three million pounds in the last five years.
21:22That goes into our research and development of our agricultural products.
21:25But there's a lot of nuts and bolts holding this farm together.
21:28Heavy anchors, big chains, boat time.
21:31And this year is going to be a tipping point as to whether it's going to start paying its way.
21:35Are you worried?
21:36Not yet, Tom.
21:37We'll be worried if we haven't sold it by the end of this year.
21:42One of the key organisations supporting the seaweed farming industry in the UK is the Worldwide Fund for Nature,
21:49because of what it sees as its ecological promise.
21:53Francesca Batt is from WWF UK.
21:57Where are seaweed farms at at the moment?
21:59It's a difficult stage at the moment.
22:01We call it the valley of death in terms of financing.
22:04We've had that initial peak of excitement around it and a lot of innovation,
22:08but actually growing that into product and into a market, that's where it gets really difficult.
22:14Yeah.
22:14Well, maybe it's because, you know, scientists and environmentalists might like it, but the market doesn't.
22:19Seaweed has so many different options, which is the benefit of it, but that's also really challenging.
22:24Do you focus on the agriculture? Do you focus on the food?
22:27Do you focus on maybe the high value pieces like the pharmaceuticals?
22:31Some of that needs really high upfront costs in terms of infrastructure for processing.
22:36It's not a low hanging fruit.
22:38In addition, WWF say the process of securing approval to build seaweed farms is holding the industry back.
22:47The actual licensing process is at the moment quite costly and quite unclear
22:52and is different across all the devolved nations.
22:55So I think we need some standardisation and some clarity on what is needed and what is understood.
23:00I also think within that legislation it really needs to factor in the environmental element
23:04and the benefits to promote why a seaweed farm should go where it can go.
23:09That call is backed by the UK Seaweed Network, which represents the industry.
23:14They want the UK and devolved governments to work together to help scale up seaweed farming,
23:21including by reforming licensing to make it easier for seaweed start-ups.
23:25So how small is the industry currently?
23:29Countryfile has found that in the past decade, 28 companies or individuals have been granted licenses
23:35related to commercial seaweed farms by the four different licensing authorities.
23:41Nine in England, 16 in Scotland, two in Wales and one in Northern Ireland.
23:47But of these 28 businesses, we were only able to confirm that 15 are currently growing seaweed,
23:54with a further 30 license applications being withdrawn, refused or undecided.
24:02On this stretch of the North Cornwall coast, proposals for several seaweed farms have faced significant opposition.
24:12For two years, film and TV actor Barnaby Kaye from the Save Our Bays Group
24:17has campaigned against plans for a seaweed farm a couple of miles out to sea from the village of Port
24:23Isaac,
24:24and against two planned closer to shore here at Port Quinn.
24:30You brought me to a stunning spot. What was proposed here and what would I have seen?
24:35Well, the proposal was for two adjacent 50 hectare seaweed farms making up about a kilometre square of the bay,
24:43about the size of about 140 football pitches.
24:46On the surface would have been over 3,000 plastic grey buoys holding up about 358 miles of plastic rope
24:54in that very small area.
24:56So that's what you would have seen immediately, but also 14 yellow navigational buoys,
25:01eight of which would have been flashing. So our opinion would be that there would be quite a lot of
25:05light pollution from that.
25:07What arguments did you set out against the seaweed farms here?
25:11Well, the main one initially was this is a safe anchorage area for cargo vessels that are in distress.
25:17That was a big issue for us because we see it all the time.
25:21And there's a tolerance level in wave height for seaweed aquaculture installations of about six metres.
25:29We're regularly over eight and the projection for over 50 years is ten and a half to eleven and a
25:33half metres.
25:34So that means that if there was an infrastructure here, it would be destroyed.
25:37The group can point to some significant successes.
25:42One of the Port Quinn schemes was withdrawn. The other had its licence application refused.
25:48The Port Isaac scheme was granted a licence, but then had that licence modified late last year with a new
25:55condition added,
25:56following concerns raised by local campaigners and new expert advice.
26:02The businesses behind the projects in Port Quinn didn't comment.
26:06The firm behind the Port Isaac scheme initially queried the accuracy of Countryfile's information,
26:11but didn't give details.
26:13It was clear though that they were very critical of some of the claims made by what they say are
26:18one-sided activists.
26:21The arrival of seaweed farming can also raise concerns among those who already make a living from the sea.
26:27Mike Cohen represents the National Federation of Fishermen's Organisations.
26:32What impact do you think seaweed farms could have on fishing communities?
26:36The impact is going to depend on exactly where they're put.
26:39We have had situations in which there's been applications for a seaweed farm
26:43right on the most direct route between a headland and a harbour.
26:47In bad weather that could mean spending longer reaching safe haven.
26:50And if a rope breaks free and starts to drift, it can tangle the propeller of a boat
26:54and then that boat is adrift at sea with no power and it's very dangerous.
26:58Could it be a threat to livelihood?
27:00In the wrong place it could.
27:01We had a situation where a large seaweed farm was proposed in an area that was quite heavily fished
27:07and the local inshore fishery authorities' modelling suggested those boats would lose 10-20% of their income.
27:13Do you think there is a future where seaweed farms and inshore fishermen can be getting on fine?
27:18Absolutely, they can have real economic benefits, they can bring jobs
27:22and new ventures are good for coastal communities that often get ignored.
27:27It's all about doing the right thing in the right place.
27:29We asked the UK government about seaweed farm licensing in England.
27:34They told us they support the sustainable growth of aquaculture
27:38and that the current licensing system involves considering environmental protection,
27:43human health and interference with legitimate uses of the sea.
27:48They added,
27:49We have recently published new guidance to help prospective farmers navigate the licensing process
27:54making it easier for them to grow their businesses in future.
27:59The Scottish Government said they are continuing to support their seaweed farming industry
28:04which they say could generate £70 million annually by 2040.
28:10Natural Resources Wales, which looks after Welsh seaweed farm licensing,
28:15said they are working with the industry and the Welsh Government
28:18on the official guidance relating to seaweed farming.
28:22And Northern Ireland's Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs
28:26said that while they don't currently regulate seaweed farming,
28:30only licensing infrastructure work around it,
28:33a new bill should change that and better regulate the industry.
28:38While location remains a key concern for some local communities and fisheries,
28:44there is also recognition of seaweed farming's potential upside.
28:48But just how important is public awareness to this emerging industry?
28:54We've seen most success from seaweed farming when they've worked with the community.
28:58We call it getting a social licence and getting people on board to understand what the benefits could be.
29:04Most of a seaweed farm happens under the ocean where people don't see it.
29:07All of the fantastic ecosystem that's created is all happening under the ocean.
29:11So when you just see some floating buoys, I can understand why it's not understood what's going on.
29:18And in terms of benefits, Dr Ian Hendy from the University of Portsmouth
29:22is overseeing a four-year study at Algo Pelago looking into the impact of seaweed farming on marine life.
29:31I know it's early days in your scientific research, but what kind of results are you seeing?
29:35We're seeing a whole array of increase in biodiversity,
29:39particularly with commercially important fish species like bass and bream,
29:43but we're also seeing cuttlefish laying their eggs
29:47because what you're creating is a reef-like structure providing an oasis for this biodiversity.
29:53Where do you sit on this idea of where they should be in relation to the coast?
29:57Overall, I prefer these kelp farms to be further offshore than closer to the shore.
30:04That's because the nature and the ecology is less intense in the deeper water.
30:08Now, what we cannot do is put a kelp farm in an area where there's already another habitat,
30:17such as a sea grass bed or another kelp forest.
30:21In North Devon, Algo Pelago, operating a few miles off the coast,
30:26may have picked a right location.
30:28The challenge now is for Ollie Hicks to prove the viability of his green dream.
30:35What's the big hope?
30:36So the big hope for this farm is that not only are we creating a useful economic product
30:41that makes our shareholders cash, but we're also regenerating the marine environment at the same time.
30:55As I discovered earlier, wildfire risk rises in the Welsh Valleys as spring turns to summer.
31:01I've been with Forrester Geraint Price witnessing the damage these fires can cause.
31:07It just kind of like takes off, doesn't it?
31:10Terrifying, isn't it?
31:10Yeah.
31:11I'm now joining the South Wales Fire and Rescue Service
31:14to find out how they prepare to tackle the forest's greatest threat.
31:20Firefighters Rikki and Rhian work with local crews from Aberdaer and Triochi
31:25that specialise in combating wildfires.
31:29Today the team are running a training exercise
31:31and although it has just started raining, they'll be attempting to fight fire with fire.
31:38I've seen some of the videos of some of the fires that you have been fighting recently.
31:42Is this not terrifying to do that?
31:44It is, yeah. It is, yeah. But obviously we do a lot of training.
31:47Yeah.
31:47And this is what we're doing here today.
31:48OK.
31:49Practising the scenario of a fire on top of a mountain.
31:52When a wildfire takes hold, there's often no option but to let it burn itself out.
31:59For the fire crew, that means switching their focus from extinguishing to containment.
32:05This section of straw here is going to be the area we're going to protect.
32:09We're going to light a fire up the top end.
32:10OK.
32:11And as the fire burns towards the fire break that we've cut across the mountain,
32:15OK.
32:15The crews are going to come in and simulate a tactical back burn across this path
32:21to allow the fire to burn back towards the original fire that started.
32:25So will the fire still burning in this weather?
32:27We hope so.
32:28OK. Should we get it going then?
32:29Yeah, let's go.
32:30OK.
32:32This may be a training exercise, but it mirrors exactly what crews face
32:36when fires race across the valley tops through woodland.
32:41Just like in the forest, the straw is divided by fuel breaks.
32:46Areas where vegetation, the fire's fuel, has been cleared.
32:50Remove the fuel and the fire has nowhere left to go.
32:54So what I'm using now is a drip torch, which is full of diesel and petrol.
32:59OK.
33:00The end stays alight.
33:02And when you pour it, it essentially pours out a line of fire.
33:06Oh, wow.
33:10Well, we're going to start the fire away from the fire.
33:10Today's challenge is to contain the fire before it can jump the gap,
33:14using a technique the rehin and a team referred to as back burn.
33:19I guess there's that well-known phrase, you know, fight fire with fire,
33:22but I'd never really known what that meant until now.
33:26You do still get the butterflies almost in your stomach as it's going,
33:30but it does work when it's planned correctly.
33:32You've got to look at the way the winds blow in.
33:35That could obviously send that off track, not where you want it to go.
33:38I see, yeah, yeah.
33:39So it's all got to be planned really carefully.
33:41So these fire breaks, they can really work.
33:42They're really positive things.
33:44Yeah, it's a great idea.
33:45When it comes to fighting fire, rain can certainly help,
33:49but forest fires burn with such intensity that it's rarely enough to put them out.
33:54It's going now?
33:55Yeah, it's going now, yeah.
33:56As you can see, the crew has lit the backburn, the tactical burn,
34:01and what will happen is the fire starts to get closer.
34:04The wind is currently blowing the flames both at angles.
34:06OK.
34:07The flames will come back to each other because of the heat rising in the middle,
34:11which will draw the fire even faster towards the original fire.
34:16And then, effectively, both fires have burned all the ground.
34:18So as the fires meet in the middle, they'll just go out.
34:20Wow.
34:21I can see that they're starting to draw together now.
34:24It just seems mad that two fires will put each other out.
34:26I would just think you could have a big hose.
34:28With water, obviously, it puts the fire out.
34:30But we could be a mile, two miles away from the nearest road.
34:34So to get water to that fire is almost impossible.
34:38Yeah.
34:38So what we'll do, we'll take away the fuel to not allow that fire to burn any further.
34:43Today's conditions may be damp, but the principle remains the same.
34:48Take away the fuel, and the fire can't spread.
34:51So there's only a few flames left, really, at the sides.
34:54So now you can see the fire has sort of burnt itself out.
34:57Yep.
34:57The tactical burn that we put in in the first place has burned towards the head of the fire.
35:02Yep.
35:02The fire break that we then cut in has stopped the fire spreading into the second part of the field.
35:08So it's pretty successful.
35:09Yeah, yeah, definitely, yeah.
35:11It's amazing, because I've obviously been learning about this all day.
35:13But to actually see it happen, even with a small fire sitting this far back,
35:19I can feel the heat from this fire, and I can't imagine what it must be like for you guys
35:23to fight a really big, out-of-control fire.
35:26Don't worry, it's always safety first.
35:28Thank you guys for doing it, and I hope you stay safe.
35:33While it's reassuring to know the fire service is there if needed,
35:37the message is simple.
35:39Take care in the countryside.
35:41No campfires, no discarded glass or cigarettes,
35:45and only use barbecues where they're allowed.
35:54The ongoing protection of these forests is vital for the wildlife that depends on them.
36:00As parts of this forest are maturing and evolving,
36:04there's one protected species that's establishing itself in and around the woodland ponds.
36:12The Great Crested Newt is the largest of the UK's three native newt species.
36:18While they're no longer a common sight,
36:21conservationists like John Price from Natural Resources Wales
36:24are making it their mission to protect them.
36:28John, what is the current situation of Great Crested Newts?
36:31They've generally been in decline in the UK for quite a long time,
36:35at least the last sort of hundred years.
36:38And the main reason?
36:39Mainly sort of habitat loss,
36:41the different ways that we carry out agriculture,
36:45the loss of kind of ponds,
36:46and actually Great Crested Newts and other newts
36:48spend a lot of the time outside of water.
36:52Right.
36:52So the wider environment is really important to them.
36:56So over the years then, what work have you been doing?
36:58Where we have records of identifying places
37:01which are good environments for newts to be in,
37:04we will try to either protect the water bodges that are there,
37:08create more ponds, manage the habitat around them,
37:12so that it just becomes a really good and suitable area for them to survive in
37:16and then hopefully thrive and expand their range.
37:19Yeah.
37:19And how successful has this work been?
37:21So we've got quite a healthy population.
37:23We're getting records of 20, 30 newts every time we're surveying.
37:27And for small places, that's quite good.
37:30So this is the sort of dream scenario that you're creating here.
37:35How many other sites are you working on across the forest?
37:38This is a kind of quite an established pond.
37:40It's probably been here 20, 25 years.
37:43But we're also in the process of creating four or five new ponds.
37:48By creating other areas, we hope that the numbers will increase.
37:52They're a good sign of kind of healthy water environments.
37:56So to have them and to support them and protect them,
38:01that we do these things because they're important
38:03and because we care about them.
38:06Across the forest, work is in progress,
38:09transforming a hectare of land into a new home for the newts.
38:13Right then, John, so this is one of your earmarked areas?
38:18This is, yes.
38:18Yeah, this is one of the spots that will eventually become a pond.
38:22Right, so we'd be literally walking on water now.
38:25We would be, yeah.
38:26We would be, yeah.
38:28While clearing the space,
38:29the team pile up offcuts of scrub
38:32for the newts to hibernate in during the winter.
38:35And the next stage then?
38:37The next stage then is to get a machine.
38:39So we'll have kind of like a nine-ton excavator.
38:43We'll come in and then start digging the hole.
38:45It's easier than a spade.
38:47It is, yeah, yeah.
38:48Do you let it fill naturally
38:50or do you give that a helping hand as well?
38:52Well, we are in South Wales.
38:54Yeah.
38:54So I think the hope is that it'll fill with rainwater.
38:58And when you think then to the example that we saw earlier on,
39:01how long will it take until this looks like that?
39:04The reality is it can be quite quick.
39:06It can only take a couple of years
39:08to start to look like something
39:09that people would assume is what a pond looks like.
39:13So it's not a very long process.
39:14And then you just keep your fingers crossed that newts move in.
39:17Yeah, hope so, yeah.
39:18The hope is that they'll just migrate
39:21and start to use these as well.
39:25In the older ponds,
39:27senior ecologist Amy Williams-Schwartz
39:29is surveying newt numbers in the forest.
39:33Oh, my goodness me.
39:34So you've got newts then?
39:35I've got newts, yeah.
39:37There's a nice population of newts here.
39:39We've got a male here.
39:40And then this one over here is a female.
39:43Right.
39:43So the male here, you can tell the most obvious thing
39:46is he's the one who's actually got the crest.
39:48So the female over here, she doesn't get that crest.
39:51The male only develops that during the breeding season,
39:53which is sort of this time of year.
39:55And the rest of the year,
39:56it sort of gets almost reabsorbed back into them.
39:58Right.
39:59He also has this lovely white flash that runs along his tail
40:03and he uses that in courtship rituals
40:06to try and impress the females and show off a bit.
40:09Right.
40:09And how is this year's survey going, numbers-wise?
40:12What are you noticing?
40:13They seem to be doing pretty well.
40:15I think they came out a little bit early this year,
40:18which is a sort of pattern that's being seen
40:20across a lot of amphibian species.
40:23I just think sort of changing weather patterns
40:25and things like that mean that they're coming out
40:27maybe a little bit earlier.
40:29And with regards to your survey then,
40:31what information are you taking?
40:33So we're looking at population size.
40:35You'd be looking then at finding out
40:36whether they're breeding successfully.
40:38So you'd have a little look for eggs in the vegetation.
40:40And with the eggs that you've noticed then,
40:42when will they be hatching?
40:43A week or so and they'll be hatching.
40:45They're called EFTS, the youngsters.
40:48And how long would you expect them to live for?
40:50So these guys, you know, they could be 15 years old.
40:53Really?
40:53And that wouldn't be unheard of at all for these.
40:56And you've got gloves on there.
40:57I do.
40:58And you need a licence, don't you, to be catching them?
41:00Yes, absolutely.
41:01They're protected from disturbance, handling, trapping,
41:05anything like that.
41:06OK, so what are you going to do with these two?
41:07They're going to go back in.
41:08Once we've taken some pictures of them,
41:10what you can do is you can have a little look
41:12at their belly pattern.
41:13They've got this gorgeous bright orange belly.
41:16OK, well let me help out with the photos.
41:18So what we would do is we would just gently lift him like this.
41:21And then snap away, yeah?
41:23Yeah, and then just grab a picture of him underneath.
41:26Beautiful, isn't he?
41:27Yeah, he's really stunning.
41:29So that pattern is as individual to them
41:31as a fingerprint is to us.
41:33Oh, right.
41:34So you can keep an eye on populations and individuals
41:38over quite a number of years, actually,
41:40because they'll retain that pattern throughout their life.
41:44And with these photos, then, what do you do with those?
41:46Because I imagine you could put them into, like, an AI programme.
41:49Yeah, you can use programmes that will basically tell you,
41:52you know, oh, this is nuke number 52.
41:54And it'll be able to tell you sort of the date and things
41:56that you've seen them before.
41:58So this is your world, then?
42:00Yes.
42:01You are well and truly into this.
42:03Yeah, no, I love it.
42:04I sort of grew up loving amphibians and reptiles.
42:08Just sort of never stopped, really.
42:09You're living the dream, then, doing this.
42:11Yeah, yeah, absolutely.
42:12Is there work done here?
42:14Yep, yep, so that's everything.
42:15We've taken all the data we need from these guys,
42:17so it's now time to let them go.
42:19OK.
42:35Now, the BBC's Food and Farming Awards are fast approaching,
42:39and, as usual, Countryfile has its own category.
42:43Here's Adam with all the details.
42:49Countryfile are in search of a young countryside champion
42:52for the BBC Food and Farming Awards 2026.
42:57You could be a young farmer innovating to increase yields,
43:03a young naturalist protecting our wildlife,
43:06or a volunteer raising awareness of the opportunities in the countryside.
43:17So, if you or someone you know is aged between 16 and 24
43:21and passionate about improving the British countryside,
43:24then please get in touch.
43:26To nominate for the Countryfile Young Countryside Champion,
43:29go to bbc.co.uk forward slash food awards,
43:34where you can also find the terms and privacy notice.
43:38Nominations close at midday on Monday the 15th of June.
43:42Good luck.
43:49Well, the weather here in South Wales has been pretty changeable,
43:52but let's find out what the weather has in store for you for the week ahead.
43:55Here is your Countryfile forecast.
44:04Hello there.
44:05Good evening to you.
44:06Well, the main message from this weather bulletin is about the heat,
44:11unprecedented heat for the time of year,
44:13which is going to continue to ramp up over the next few days.
44:17We could be breaking May records.
44:19It was very likely we're going to break May records both by day and by night.
44:23But it's not just the UK seeing extreme heat at the moment.
44:26Much of Western Europe, Northern Spain, Central Western France,
44:29the Low Countries also seen temperatures well above normal for the time of year.
44:34Now, it was a hot day today with temperatures into the low 30s in the southeast.
44:39In towards the overnight period, many places will be dry away from northern Scotland,
44:45which will continue to see a weather from bringing outbreaks of rain.
44:47In the rural spots, it may turn quite fresh,
44:50but towns and cities warm and muggy.
44:52So, for Monday, we start the new week off with plenty of sunshine,
44:56a hotter day to come for many away from the northwest of Scotland,
45:00which will continue to see cloud and outbreaks of rain.
45:02A warmer day for Northern Ireland, Southern Scotland,
45:05but we could be close to the mid-30s across parts of central, southern and eastern England,
45:11unlikely to break records.
45:12This is the May Day record, 32.8 Celsius, set back in 1944,
45:18and it's possible over the next few nights we could break the May night record,
45:23which is 18.9, also back in the mid-40s.
45:27So, this is, like I mentioned, an unprecedented heat wave.
45:30Now, as we head into Tuesday, high pressure topples in.
45:32It breaks that weather front across northwest Scotland.
45:36So, we'll start to see drier conditions here, plenty of sunshine.
45:39Elsewhere, hot, dry, sunny day.
45:41But there is a chance we could see some isolated showers and thunderstorms developing
45:44parts of Wales, the Midlands, northern England.
45:48Now, it's a very slim chance, but if you do catch one, it could be pretty torrential.
45:51But most places will be dry, sunny, and another very hot day to come.
45:56Low to mid-30s in Celsius and warmer for Scotland and Northern Ireland.
46:00Now, Wednesday, some subtle changes.
46:02Our area of high pressure moves towards the east of the UK
46:05starts to drag some cooler air off the north scene to eastern areas.
46:09So, I think the highest temperatures will shift a little bit further westwards,
46:13probably the high 20s, but much fresher with areas of cloud across the eastern side of the UK.
46:20As we push towards Thursday, our high pressure, probably sitting out to the North Sea,
46:24will bring back warmer southerly winds.
46:27The temperature's a bit higher again on Thursday.
46:29Maybe one or two showers or thunderstorms developing out west
46:32as low pressure begins to encroach in.
46:35But essentially, all areas will be sunny, including much of Scotland, Northern Ireland.
46:39And it will be a very warm day or hot again across the south and east.
46:43High pressure dominates the scene for Friday.
46:45So, again, much of England, Wales, southern Scotland, Northern Ireland will have a sunny day
46:50and it will turn hot again in the southeast.
46:53We're back perhaps into the 30 Celsius mark or higher.
46:57And further north and west, there will be sunshine.
47:00But temperatures perhaps coming down a little bit.
47:02And I think that's the trend as we head towards next weekend.
47:05High pressure retreats to the near continent.
47:07And I think we'll start to see an active jet begin to bring low pressure systems in off the Atlantic,
47:12which will gradually bring temperatures down all the while.
47:15I think the southeast may hold on to warm and sunny weather for a while.
47:20But further north and west, it will start to turn more unsettled with showers or thunderstorms moving in
47:25and also stronger winds.
47:27So, the main message for this week, it's staying very hot and sunny for many.
47:30And it could be record-breaking.
47:32Take care.
47:41We've been spending time in Gethin Forest, a landscape at a turning point
47:46where decisions made now will shape its future.
47:50The forest means different things to different people.
48:09For mountain biking ambassador Liz Greaves, riding these trails is about more than just adrenaline.
48:21She's a passionate advocate for the sport.
48:24A little roller there and a little drop here.
48:27And her high-octane trail guides have attracted thousands of followers online.
48:32Let the rocks scatter underneath you.
48:34Just keep stable.
48:40I first got into the sport through my brothers, actually, as a child,
48:44building brick jumps with ramps and stuff outside the house
48:47and kind of came back to the idea of mountain biking in my early 30s.
48:51And I was hooked from there.
48:53Within a year of that, I was racing nationals.
48:55The mindset of racing is just so interesting to me and I love it, the challenge.
49:06What I love about riding in the forest is just the fact that it's different every day,
49:10depending on what the weather's doing, particularly in Wales.
49:17The sounds and the smells.
49:21To be able to just get that time to come outside into nature and just connect with it,
49:26it's just beautiful.
49:28This time of year is particularly good because we're coming out of that drebby part of winter,
49:32I think, and everything's starting to pop and moss is all green and the bracken's going back
49:38and everything's just getting ready to kind of show you its best for the rest of the year.
49:41And it's quite exciting. It's like a new beginning.
49:53Moving your body outdoors especially just helps you leave everything behind.
49:56You're almost riding away from the things that held tension inside you.
50:05There's a thing that I describe as being in the flow state when you're riding.
50:09And it's just going through a process and you're just so centred and focused on that process.
50:14Very, very present in the moment.
50:22And all you're thinking about is just what you're doing in that exact moment,
50:27how the bike feels, the sounds of the bike,
50:30the sounds of the trail, the dirt underneath the tyres.
50:46It just cuts out any other noise you've had throughout the day
50:49and just really kind of helps you just centre yourself again and relax.
50:56It's so nice just to be able to just drop into a trail and after a couple of seconds
51:01you just take a deep breath out and you're going and you just slip into that state and it's wonderful.
51:23The Welsh Valleys have long been shaped by economic and environmental change.
51:30Less than 50 years ago, the land around here was dominated by coal mining.
51:35Today it's home to a mix of commercial and public woodland and the Black Mountains College,
51:40an institution training the next generation to care for this evolving landscape.
51:47Co-founded seven years ago by Ben Rawlant, the college here in Treeherbert has a simple goal,
51:54to teach hands-on skills for managing woodland in the modern world.
51:59So Ben, let's start at the very beginning.
52:02Why did you want to set up this college in the first place?
52:04I used to work in Africa as a journalist and climate change was top of the agenda
52:09and then I met a girl from South Wales, moved here, we had started a family
52:15and climate change was nowhere on the agenda.
52:17This is ten years ago and I thought, why are we not preparing our young people?
52:22Right.
52:23And I started having conversations locally and then we did some consultations
52:27and people said we need to know how to grow food, we need to know how to do forestry.
52:32After a while we got some other people together, got some grant funding,
52:36did a business plan and got it going and that was about six, seven years ago.
52:41We've been teaching for five.
52:42And there was nobody teaching forestry in South Wales.
52:45So we're the only, still the only provider of forestry in South Wales.
52:49We're about 120 students now, we'd like to get to about 300.
52:54But, you know, we're getting there.
52:55What do you think the main things are that people are getting from this college?
52:59We get lots of students coming saying they haven't fared very well in the classroom
53:03and they really want to be learning outside.
53:05They're getting a chainsaw ticket, they're learning to read the woodland,
53:09they're learning to manage the trees and that's a very valuable skill.
53:12Forestry is one of the fastest growing sectors in Wales.
53:15Yeah.
53:16And the last thing I think they're getting is a sense of community and a sense of hope.
53:21Here is an opportunity to be engaged in meaningful work,
53:25which is aligned to building a thriving future.
53:30Students have hands-on practical lessons three days a week.
53:35Pam Cottrell has been attending the course for eight months.
53:40How would you say that this place has changed or shaped your future?
53:44What I feel about the college is that it's more equipping people
53:47to be able to deal with climate change, with food insecurity,
53:51soil regeneration being so important,
53:54farming, like people having access to space to grow their own food,
53:58learn wood carving, learn how to use the sawmill,
54:01get involved in the management of the woodland.
54:02And I think that can just enrich the community even more.
54:07For tutor Kerry Evans, forestry isn't something you learn from a desk.
54:12So we're based here, but we spend a lot of time out in the woods.
54:16We start looking at maybe the mosses and the lichens and then the trees
54:20and the habitat itself, because we've got parts of ancient woodland there as well.
54:25And then hopefully at the end of the course,
54:27it's a better place than it was at the start,
54:30because we're planting trees, we're felling, we're doing a lot of habitat management.
54:34And what do you hope that the students who come here learn and take away
54:38at the end of the course? What's the idea of it all?
54:40Well, lots of skills, lots of knowledge,
54:43from tree ID to using tools safely and just a really good experience.
54:50And I mean, for you, I can see a big smile on your face here.
54:52You get a lot out of passing on the skills that you've learned in your life
54:56onto the next generation.
54:57I really do enjoy it, and if I spark some passion in someone else,
55:02I think that's really great.
55:04For today's lesson, the class are making a firewood shelter from local timber.
55:10OK, so this is the first frame that we're going to build.
55:14So we're going to have two of these, and they're going to be upright,
55:16and we're going to join them together with the timber that you've just milled.
55:19So the first job is to screw these in.
55:29After years of working in animation,
55:32Tad Davies is using the course to help him forge a new career path.
55:37You just get so many different types of people here.
55:40We have people who are just fresh out of school, like 17, 18,
55:43who maybe actually really struggled in school,
55:46and that kind of structured way of working, I know I did.
55:49I couldn't do a test, but it turns out my brain just worked a bit differently,
55:53you know what I mean?
55:53And it's really nice to see that in 18-year-olds
55:56who, you know, considered problem youth,
55:59and then suddenly they can name every kind of tree under the sun,
56:02and they actually can create beautiful works of art.
56:06They want to contribute, and they want to have worth.
56:09And a place like this has to exist in order for those people that you're talking about...
56:12To facilitate that.
56:14Yeah.
56:17With today's lesson nearly over,
56:19there's just some final touches left to do.
56:22Incoming.
56:23Incoming.
56:26Are we all square there?
56:28Jesse, all good?
56:30Yeah, all good there.
56:31I'll put that one in for you.
56:33Yeah, you go for it, Mark.
56:40That's it.
56:41Brilliant.
56:41Happy teacher?
56:42Happy care?
56:42Yeah, really happy.
56:44Well done, everyone.
56:44Super.
56:45I wish I was coming back next week.
56:46Yeah.
56:47I tell you.
56:50It's very important work that you're doing for the community here,
56:53because when you think of the history of this place,
56:56and it's coal mining past that's no longer there anymore.
56:58Yes, and what's grown up on the former coal tips is the forest,
57:04and we have to work with the forest now.
57:06When we did the big visioning community conversations,
57:10the strong preference was for a timber town.
57:13This is what we have now.
57:14If we can get to a point in the future
57:16where we're managing the woodland on a semi-commercial basis,
57:20we're supporting then the processing of the timber wood products,
57:24that Traherber can, instead of being known for mining in the past,
57:29could be known for timber in the future.
57:45Well, that was certainly an action-packed day.
57:48Yeah, we've had a great time, but that is all we've got time for.
57:51Next week, Adam and Sean will be in Northern Ireland
57:53at their largest agricultural event, the Balmoral Show.
58:02Gentlemen, how are your energy levels now?
58:05Very tense.
58:07Go!
58:10I'm watching to see if they touch any posts.
58:13So he's got to zigzag all the way to here.
58:14So he has to zigzag through the corns.
58:16That is really tricky.
58:21Go!
58:23Wait! Wait! Wait!
58:25That's next week on BBC One at 6.15.
58:30We hope you can join us then.
58:31Bye-bye.
58:41New comedy on iPlayer Life at 40
58:44for some Richard back home with his dad
58:46in a return of only child.
58:48Also there, our crime-fighting duo back together,
58:51but poles apart with a new series of mysteries to solve
58:54in Death Valley.
58:56We'll stay with BBC Two next for end of season final score.
59:00Bye.
59:02Bye.
59:03You
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