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LifestyleTranscript
00:00:00Now, when it comes to a lot of rose pruning guides, they are actually far too simple.
00:00:06Most of them pretend that you are about to grow a tea hybrid meant for exhibition,
00:00:12meaning they often advise you to cut back to tree stems at about 15-20 cm.
00:00:19The issue is, there are so many other types of roses out there,
00:00:24and they have different needs when it comes to pruning.
00:00:28And today, we are going to go over the different types, and we are going to go in depth with
00:00:32each type,
00:00:33and we are going to explain how you want to prune that type.
00:00:38And that is why I believe this pruning video will be much better than a lot of other stuff out
00:00:45there,
00:00:45even if it is a longer video.
00:00:49I will begin this rose pruning video with a warning about human nature.
00:00:55You see, humans tend to prefer action or inaction.
00:01:00Why is that so? It is because action makes us feel good.
00:01:04It makes us feel in control, it releases dopamine, and we feel pleasant.
00:01:11It is addictive, really, to take action.
00:01:14And when it comes to your roses, beginners tend to make the mistake that they want to cut them too
00:01:20low,
00:01:20they want to cut them too much, because they want to feel in control.
00:01:25They want to feel good about themselves, that they have cut the roses, and they have done it ideally, right?
00:01:31So just remember that when you are a beginner, your natural instinct is to cut your plants too low.
00:01:39Now the first thing we want to do is create some awareness.
00:01:44We want to see where those small perennials are, where the baby peonies are, where the baby roses are, right?
00:01:51So we don't destroy anything, and so we can see everything we need to cut back.
00:01:55If you don't have a leaf blower, you can use a spring rig like this one.
00:01:59It has natural springs built in, and it doesn't hurt what is underneath the leaves, because it kind of springs
00:02:05back.
00:02:07Having awareness and removing the old stuff really helps us to make the right decisions,
00:02:12and to not hurt anything in the process.
00:02:15So if you haven't cleaned out old leaves, you should probably start with that.
00:02:19One little trick I use with fragile pyrenees, and to some extent irises, and other fragile perennials,
00:02:26is I mark them with a stake, so I know where they are.
00:02:30Now before we start, you want to make sure you have a set of really sharp secateurs,
00:02:37because we don't want to squash or kind of squeeze the rose branches when we prune.
00:02:43That will lead to a bit more dieback at the tip, and it just won't look as nice.
00:02:48So spend a little bit of money here.
00:02:50And these are the Japanese ones, AIS-Rs, and you also want some kind of disinfectant.
00:02:58I just use a normal window cleaning bottle here.
00:03:01I put some disinfectant or some alcohol into it.
00:03:05You can use a little bit of water in the alcohol to prevent it from evaporating as fast.
00:03:10Just remember it needs to be at least 70%.
00:03:13Now remember, a lot of these disinfectants are very abrasive or corrosive to your tools.
00:03:20So you want to give your pruners a little bit of oil when you're done.
00:03:25You need to make sure that it is acid-free, so it doesn't corrode the blade further.
00:03:32So do spend a little bit of time maintaining your tools.
00:03:35We will of course disinfect pruners between each rows,
00:03:40so we don't spread fungal disease and we don't spread viruses.
00:03:44That is very important.
00:03:46We will spray our pruners, our secateurs, between each rows.
00:03:51Now, the first thing we want to do is look out for the five Ds.
00:03:56The first D is dead, and the second is diseased, and the third is damaged,
00:04:01and the fourth is dying, and the fifth is disorderly.
00:04:05By disorderly, I mean canes that are crossing.
00:04:08And by dying, we of course mean the natural death growth, right?
00:04:14But I will also warn that some roses are so red pigmented,
00:04:20that they can sometimes appear nearly dead, nearly black in the stems.
00:04:25This is Red Perfume de Provence, and it is one of the roses that can appear nearly
00:04:31so black in the pigment on the stems.
00:04:33So don't be fooled by that, and I will show you how you can test it.
00:04:37Now, the first test is of course cutting a little piece off.
00:04:41If you see that the inside of the stem is green, then it is alive.
00:04:47If it is very brown, then it is dead.
00:04:50And you can also sometimes be lucky enough to see it on how much it kind of looks sriveled up,
00:04:58right?
00:04:59But if it is green, light green, it is alive.
00:05:02But if it is brown, it is dead.
00:05:04And that is also another way you can do this without cutting everything off.
00:05:10You can do it by kind of brushing against the stem with your secretary.
00:05:18If it is green, it is green, it is green, and brown means dead.
00:05:23So be aware that brown or black sometimes, that is a dead rose.
00:05:29And light green is what you want to see in these cases.
00:05:35While removing the dead stuff, also make sure you remove the broken off stuff,
00:05:40kind of like this one here.
00:05:42It does the plant no good, and it is just in the way.
00:05:47When it comes to cutting your roses, I like to imagine a circle in the middle.
00:05:53Imagine that you have to get stems that go out into each corner,
00:05:58and between them they form a circle.
00:06:01That will make sure you have a nice, round, full bush.
00:06:06And also do be aware to avoid crossing stems.
00:06:10But really have this visual impression of forming a circle.
00:06:15And make sure you have stems going out into each part of the circle.
00:06:21Out into each corner, so you can draw a circle in between them.
00:06:26This will help you get a really full, really round shrub look.
00:06:31I also like to make sure that I can get a fist in the middle of the rose.
00:06:36Simply because I want a lot of air flow in the middle, and not a lot of stems in the
00:06:41middle.
00:06:42Because I want air to come in, and I want it to keep all the moisture from collecting at the
00:06:48center of the rose,
00:06:49to prevent those fungal diseases roses are so susceptible to.
00:06:54So I want to open the rose up a little bit to air in the middle, to avoid the fungal
00:06:59diseases.
00:07:00And one way to do that for me, is to make sure I can put a fist in the middle
00:07:04of the rose.
00:07:06We also don't want canes brushing up against each other.
00:07:09This will cause mechanical damage, and eventually either splitting or fungal disease.
00:07:17So try to remove canes that cross.
00:07:21Of course you will always keep the best cane, and remove the worst cane.
00:07:25Now it is very important to cut back to an outward facing bud.
00:07:30A bud that faces away from the center of the plant.
00:07:35And the reason this is so important, is we don't want our stems to congest at the middle.
00:07:40We don't want them to cross, causing mechanical damage.
00:07:43We don't want them to get crowded at the middle, causing fungal disease either from lack of air flow.
00:07:48Let me show you an example of how not to prune your roses.
00:07:51See how everything here is pruned towards the middle.
00:07:55And everything is getting stuck together, causing mechanical damage and blocking air flow.
00:08:01This rose that was delivered is a horrible example of what happens when you don't know pruning techniques.
00:08:08So remember, we want our right side to go outwards in this direction.
00:08:14And we want our left side to go outwards in opposite direction.
00:08:20When we prune our outwards facing buds, right?
00:08:25We always want to prune our out facing buds.
00:08:28So they kind of form the circle I showed you previously.
00:08:33So just remember, you kind of want to always have that circle in mind.
00:08:37And try to get the branches to go in the direction of that circle.
00:08:42And to try and get the buds to go in the direction of that circle.
00:08:47You can also get rid of spent flower heads.
00:08:50Your roses don't need them anymore.
00:08:52And if your roses haven't lost all the leaves, remember to get rid of those and throw them in your
00:08:58garbage bin or burn them.
00:09:00If you don't get rid of the old leaves, if the rose hasn't defoliated, you can get problems with the
00:09:06old leaves infecting your rose anew with fungal spores like black spot and rust.
00:09:13So remember to get rid of them.
00:09:16The reason we don't throw it on compost is we don't want to spread the fungal spores around in the
00:09:21garden.
00:09:23If you have a lot of issues dealing with the forms, you might want to ally yourself with some gloves.
00:09:29I usually normally only use the very light gloves because I like to still feel what I'm doing.
00:09:36These are not in any way fully form-proof, but they do give me a little bit of a warning.
00:09:42If you prefer the heavy leather gloves that are actually form-proof, you can go with those.
00:09:47I just often find they restrict my movement and I can't really feel what I'm doing and I'm often getting
00:09:53stuck with those.
00:09:54So I tend to prefer these.
00:09:56Now, one thing that is really good to have done in the summer last year is to form a mental
00:10:03note of what branches have been blooming a lot for you and which haven't.
00:10:08Because that should also influence your decision to prune when the pruning season, like right now here in March and
00:10:18April, comes along.
00:10:21And the thing you really want to look out for is these very old canes that are getting to be
00:10:27around four to five years old for you.
00:10:29And you want to kind of look if they have become unproductive for you, if they have stopped to bloom
00:10:37as much.
00:10:38And then you might want to form a mental note of getting rid of those canes in the next pruning
00:10:44season.
00:10:45Or you might also tie something around them so you remember.
00:10:48And just be aware that when rose canes get a bit older, especially on climbers and on historic roses, they
00:10:57sometimes will need to be have this kind of pruning we call it rejuvenation.
00:11:03It is essentially where you take one old stem out and then it'll have basal breaks and then you'll get
00:11:11new stems up.
00:11:12And I'll show it when we're doing climbers, but just be aware it is a very good habit to form
00:11:20a mental note if any part of your plant has turned unproductive.
00:11:28So when it comes to first year roses, we actually don't want to be doing a lot because you have
00:11:34to remember they don't have as much energy stored in the rootstocks because they're very young and have just been
00:11:40transplanted.
00:11:42What we do want to do with very young first year roses is we want to remove what is damaged
00:11:48and also what is diseased.
00:11:51And here you can see this black stem right here.
00:11:54So I'm just going to snip this one down to an outward facing bud, kind of like that.
00:11:59So it will grow out this way.
00:12:02And you can also see we have a little bit of damage here.
00:12:05So I'll also take that one down to around here, I think.
00:12:09And that is really the thing you want to do with a lot of your first year roses.
00:12:15You don't want to be stressing them too much because they don't have a lot of energy yet.
00:12:20And they don't have a well developed root system.
00:12:23So worry more about shaping them and pruning them the right way in year two.
00:12:29When they have the energy storage they have the root system and to really shoot from the bottom again.
00:12:38So with first year roses just give a very light gentle prune.
00:12:43And you can also see over here I have another dead stem here.
00:12:46I'm just going to remove down here.
00:12:49And we have a bit of dead top growth here.
00:12:53I'm just going to remove.
00:12:54But again with first year roses don't prune them too heavily.
00:13:00Just let them rest.
00:13:01Let them recover.
00:13:02And they've already been through a really stressful experience being pulled out of the ground.
00:13:07And oftentimes a lot of breeders have already cut them so far back.
00:13:12That they're already pruned very harshly.
00:13:16So give them a bit of a rest and come back to them in year two.
00:13:20And I'll show you how to prune in year two in just a second.
00:13:28Now a lot of people will also say you're supposed to be removing these more
00:13:33spindly looking stems here.
00:13:35In my opinion it depends on what type of rose you're dealing with.
00:13:39If it is a floribunda you don't really have to because they need more canes.
00:13:43If it is a tea hybrid you may want to only keep three to five of the main large canes.
00:13:50But again with the first year roses your only job right now is to make them recover.
00:13:57To give them a good solid root net.
00:14:00And they will start performing really well in year two.
00:14:04So don't stress them too much.
00:14:06Don't do too much to them.
00:14:08Let them recover and they will be ready for you to form shape them.
00:14:14And do what you want in year two really.
00:14:19Now with floribundas what we want to do is we want to look for about five to nine stems to
00:14:25keep.
00:14:26And we want to keep more stems on floribundas than we want to keep on tea hybrids.
00:14:33And this floribunda here is one called Joy De Veve also known as cream veranda.
00:14:39What we're going to be doing here is we'll look for those five to nine stems to keep.
00:14:44And we have one here and one there and that one is three and over here we have four, five.
00:14:51So we actually don't have to do a lot on this one we just have to trim it back a
00:14:56little bit.
00:14:56I'll trim it down to I think around 40 centimeters or something like that.
00:15:02So I'll just loosely prune it around here.
00:15:07And if I can see an outward facing bud I will use that and along those lines right.
00:15:16So we'll cut it over here and down to the outward facing bud here.
00:15:23And we'll just go around the whole rose plant and do that.
00:15:29So let's see if I can find the outward facing bud over here.
00:15:33I think it hides behind here.
00:15:36And we'll just go around kind of doing that all the way around.
00:15:41And removing all the dead stuff on our ropes.
00:15:46And yeah I think that is starting to look the way it's supposed to.
00:15:51You want to keep a bit more stems when you're dealing with a floribunda.
00:15:55And you also want to secure air circulation in the middle here.
00:16:00I think this one looks decent.
00:16:02I still think I can get a fist down here for air circulation.
00:16:05Yeah it seems that way.
00:16:07So I'm pretty happy with that one.
00:16:09Maybe remove a little bit more of the dead wood.
00:16:13And that one is ready to go.
00:16:16But I'll leave some general pruning instructions.
00:16:19And now the reason we don't cut back to tree stems and 15 centimeters on a floribunda
00:16:25is because you have to remember that floribundas are these polite little round shrubs
00:16:31very close to soil level.
00:16:33And they create very very huge rays of clusters right.
00:16:37So if you only make or you only cut back to tree stems right.
00:16:43You will have destroyed a lot of the benefits of a floribunda.
00:16:47Which is that round texture and those large abundant spray flowering habitat it has.
00:16:55So I would always recommend to leave at least five stems on your floribundas.
00:16:59And if you leave a bit more like eight or nine.
00:17:02That is entirely up to your judgment call and the variety.
00:17:06You would notice here with cream veranda or joy de vivre.
00:17:10I pruned very politely.
00:17:12I pruned at 40 centimeters.
00:17:14And that's because I know a joy de vivre is kind of acting like a dwarf rose nearly.
00:17:20It grows very polite.
00:17:21It at maximum goes to 60 centimeters.
00:17:24And so I pruned that one very lightly.
00:17:27If you have a floribunda that grows to maybe a hundred or 120 centimeters.
00:17:34Maybe you want to prune it a bit more heavily right.
00:17:36You could go down to 30 centimeters or maybe even 20 centimeters if you have to.
00:17:43But the really important part here is you want to leave more stems on your floribundas.
00:17:49Than you want on your tea hybrids.
00:17:52You don't have to cut back to tree stems and 15 to 20 centimeters.
00:17:56That would be defeating the point of your floribunda.
00:18:00Which is to have a very small shrub with a lot of flowers through the season.
00:18:06Floribundas aren't generally good at making basil breaks.
00:18:10So you do have some freedom to play with on the height.
00:18:14So I guess the main thing I want you to remember with floribundas.
00:18:18Is you do need to leave a bit more stems on them.
00:18:21Like I said five stems if you have it.
00:18:24If you don't have it well then you don't have that to worry about right.
00:18:28And be sure to remove the dead, diseased, disorderly, the crossing stuff right.
00:18:34Secure that airflow at the center.
00:18:37Remember to clean off your secateurs with your disinfectant.
00:18:42And don't worry too much.
00:18:44Floribundas are some of the easiest roses to grow.
00:18:49Abundantly flowering right.
00:18:50That is the name of them.
00:18:53Just remember don't do the tea hybrid.
00:18:56Don't do tree stems 15 to 20 centimeters.
00:18:59You want to do five to eight or five to nine stems.
00:19:04Add around I would usually say 30 to 40 centimeters on your floribundas.
00:19:10And remember that outward facing bod.
00:19:12And remember that circle like we talked about right.
00:19:17So when it comes to hybrid teas we want to cut back to either three or five stems.
00:19:24And again we want that perfect circle.
00:19:26So we are going to go looking for some outward facing bods.
00:19:30And see what we can find.
00:19:32And I think I found something that looks like it here.
00:19:38And let's see what else we can find.
00:19:40I think we will just take this one here.
00:19:42And you want to cut back to around 15 to 25 centimeters.
00:19:48I usually go around 20 in between.
00:19:52But the key thing is you want to of course get rid of this crossing stem here.
00:19:57Like we talked about before.
00:19:59And we also have some die back here.
00:20:02So I am just going to cut back to there.
00:20:05And maybe I will get rid of this one.
00:20:10We will cut this one over here.
00:20:12Back to there.
00:20:13And see if we can find an outward facing bod on the opposite side here.
00:20:18This one there.
00:20:21Yeah I think that is around there.
00:20:26Maybe we will take this one back a bit further.
00:20:29So but yeah you want to keep about three to five main canes when it comes to hybrid teas.
00:20:36The reason is with hybrid teas we want the big blooms not many blooms.
00:20:41And that is why we cut back to three or five stems.
00:20:44We want the stems to be strong.
00:20:46We want the individual flowers to get big.
00:20:48If we leave too many stems you get small flowers.
00:20:51And you get flobby flobby stems right.
00:20:54So that is why we cut hybrid teas back like that.
00:21:01So let's talk a little bit about hybrid teas.
00:21:04When you cut hybrid teas you want to leave tree stems on a very young hybrid tea often.
00:21:11But if you have a very established hybrid tea you can leave five stems.
00:21:16The reason we don't leave a lot of stems is because we want a very strong cane growth.
00:21:22And we want those huge flowers hybrid teas are capable of doing at the end of the stems.
00:21:28The more stems you leave the smaller flowers you get.
00:21:31But you get more often but they won't be as impressive right.
00:21:36And there's also the the fact that the canes don't harden as well.
00:21:42But hybrid teas are in general very good at forming strong basal breaks from the bottom.
00:21:48And that is why we can get away with pruning them so heavy.
00:21:52And sadly that is also why most people giving advice out there how to prune roses believe that
00:21:58every rose should be pruned like a tea hybrid meant for exhibition right.
00:22:05They will advise tree canes often about 20 centimeters.
00:22:09And I'm sad to say that form of pruning does not fit every rose right.
00:22:16Because many roses don't like to be pruned that heavily.
00:22:20And that is also why at the beginning I kind of made the statement that beginners tend to prune the
00:22:27roses too hard. And that is because they often encounter this advice with tree stems 20 centimeters.
00:22:34And they use that on all the roses. It doesn't matter what rose they use it on all the roses.
00:22:41And that is the incorrect way to prune.
00:22:44But remember with our hybrid teas we want long stems meant for cutting.
00:22:50We want large flowers at the ends of long stems.
00:22:54And that is why we cut back to only a few stems.
00:22:58Because we want to give that large root ball down in the soil.
00:23:05We want to only supply a few stems.
00:23:08So those stems get maximum nutrients.
00:23:11So they found as big flowers as possible and as stiff stems as possible right.
00:23:17And you will also see when they grow cut flowers they will use sand and they will use a lot
00:23:22of other
00:23:22tricks I won't really go into.
00:23:25But just remember with hybrid teas the advice to cut back to three or five stems at about
00:23:3120 centimeters is not bad advice.
00:23:34You can certainly leave your hybrid teas with a few more stems and a little bit more height.
00:23:42But you will get smaller flowers but you will get more of them.
00:23:46Some hybrid teas can respond well to that and some respond terrible.
00:23:50You will have to do a little bit of experimentation.
00:23:53But in general with hybrid teas choose tree stems for very young plants at around 20 centimeters.
00:24:00If you have a very old hybrid tea that can support five stems you can go with five stems and
00:24:0520 centimeters.
00:24:07So that was the hybrid teas and let's continue here.
00:24:11And as usual remember to disinfect your pruners between each plant before cutting.
00:24:18You don't want to spread disease or viruses.
00:24:24When it comes to our historic roses we actually don't want to prune them here in early spring.
00:24:31We want to prune them after the done flowering.
00:24:35But we are going to do one thing and that is to remove all the dead wood.
00:24:40The reason we don't prune them back hard like other roses is they bloom on old wood.
00:24:45And if we prune them too hard here in spring they won't flower for us.
00:24:49So very important to remember historic roses bloom on old wood.
00:24:53They won't flower if you cut them back too hard.
00:24:56But do cut back what is dead on them.
00:24:59And when they are done flowering you want to prune them back by one third.
00:25:04So if we have something like this cane here and I want to prune it back by one third.
00:25:08I would probably snip it down to right about here.
00:25:10But first after they are done flowering.
00:25:13And you do it after the flowering.
00:25:16Not now in spring.
00:25:18One third after the flowering.
00:25:19But you can remove dead stuff like something down here.
00:25:23And you can also remove the dead tips right.
00:25:26But there are one exception when it comes to historic roses.
00:25:29And I will go over that now.
00:25:32The exception when it comes to historic roses are our portlands and our mountain roses and our bourbons.
00:25:43The reason there are exceptions when it comes to historic roses is they re-bloom on new wood.
00:25:50So you can actually go ahead and cut them
00:25:53a very hard bag like you do with the shrub roses right.
00:25:59So we can come down here and we can cut them around here.
00:26:02And if in doubt I would say you should just follow
00:26:06the normal shrub rose pruning rules for this type of rose right.
00:26:13But this is rose-directed and I'm going to continue pruning it.
00:26:17But you can skip to the shrub rose pruning method.
00:26:22If you have any portlands, you have any bourbons or you have any
00:26:30re-blooming old roses really.
00:26:33So just be aware the portlands, the bourbons and the remontant group needs to cut different
00:26:40from the albas, the gallicas and the masques because those are once flowering.
00:26:45And also most of the moss roses with the exception of Salet.
00:26:54Now when it comes to something like the rugosas, you also want to follow a shrub pruning method.
00:27:01You can cut these back by the same method you use for shrub roses.
00:27:06They bloom on both old and new wood.
00:27:09You do want to do rejuvenation pruning on them every four to six years to keep them happy.
00:27:14And you also want to get rid of dead wood, of course.
00:27:18But in general for the rugosas, you're going to follow shrub pruning.
00:27:23And you're also going to follow shrub pruning on most David Austin roses.
00:27:28So let's continue here.
00:27:31When it comes to a lot of musk roses, you can actually cut those back like shrub roses also.
00:27:37Because most of them will re-bloom on new wood.
00:27:42So just remember the different styles of roses you have in your garden.
00:27:47Because they need different pruning techniques.
00:27:50Some of them want to be pruned early spring.
00:27:53Some of them want to be pruned after they flower.
00:27:55Musk roses in general need to be pruned like shrub roses.
00:28:02Now when it comes to something like your Pimpinifolias, you want to treat them like the old
00:28:07historic roses like Albert the Mask and Gallicas.
00:28:11They tend to bloom only on old wood.
00:28:15And you can get some that can't bloom later, kind of like a Mona Mie Claire.
00:28:21And I think there's also one called Princess Marie.
00:28:24But in general, with your Pimpinifolias, you want to prune them after they're done flowering.
00:28:30And here in early spring, you just want to remove the dead stuff you see.
00:28:35That won't do you any good anyways, right?
00:28:37So just remove the dead stuff on your Pimpinifolias and prune them back about one third when they're
00:28:44done flowering.
00:28:46You don't want to prune them here in spring.
00:28:49You can also both with historic roses and Pimpinifolias, you can also do a half prune.
00:28:54But that might hurt next year's flowering a bit more.
00:28:57But it is good if you want to control the height a little more.
00:29:02So yeah, that was Pimpinifolias.
00:29:05Get rid of the old stuff.
00:29:07Don't get too aggressive or you'll hurt next year's flowering and also this year's flowering.
00:29:14So just get rid of the dead stuff and prune when they're done flowering, not in spring.
00:29:21And here we again have another rugosa.
00:29:25And rugosas need to be pruned like shrub roses.
00:29:28If you find your secretaries aren't enough, you might want to get some lobbers because the stems
00:29:34can be quite thick the longer down you go.
00:29:37And like I said before, you prune rugosas like shrub roses
00:29:41and they bloom in both new and old wood.
00:29:45They don't tend to be as reflowering as a lot of other roses.
00:29:49They tend to get more sparse reflowering the longer in the season you go.
00:29:54They tend to make a really good first flosh.
00:29:57But in general, very hardy roses.
00:30:00But you do want to prune them like a large shrub roses, kind of like you do the Austins.
00:30:07So, and again, here we have another musk rose.
00:30:11And with musk roses, you can go ahead and prune them right now.
00:30:14You're going to prune them like a large shrub rose, right?
00:30:18So, I'll just go ahead and do a few branches here.
00:30:22And with shrub roses, we want to leave them larger.
00:30:25And you can skip to the shrub rose pruning section if you want to see that.
00:30:30But we never prune our shrub roses very short.
00:30:34But just remember, musk roses you can't prune because they bloom on new wood.
00:30:42So, when it comes to historic roses, that is one of the categories that are the hardest
00:30:48to get right because it requires a lot of information because there's so many different groups, right?
00:30:55But if I had to describe it in general, if you have a damask rose, or you have an alba,
00:31:01or you have a gallica rose, or you have a moss rose, or you have a pimpenifolia rose, or you
00:31:08have some kind of,
00:31:11I guess you could also say species rose or botanical rose.
00:31:15So, in general, a lot of those tend to bloom on old wood.
00:31:20And because they bloom on old wood, if you go out and cut them back now in spring,
00:31:25you won't get much flowering.
00:31:28So, what you want to do with those types is you want to cut away the dead wood and
00:31:33last year blooms, if you haven't already.
00:31:37But you don't want to give them a prune right now, besides just getting rid of
00:31:42stuff that's in the way or dead stuff, right?
00:31:45You don't want to give them a general prune.
00:31:47The time for pruning these roses is when they're done blooming.
00:31:52So, maybe in July, a little depending on when the bloom of these roses end,
00:31:58you're going to go in and you're going to prune them about one third,
00:32:01and then they will start growing, and that new growth will become old growth next year,
00:32:07and then that will put on bloom, right?
00:32:09And that is why we prune these roses not in spring, but when they're done blooming
00:32:16around summertime, or maybe a little bit later in summertime,
00:32:19some of them can have a little later flowering, but not a lot.
00:32:25So, remember, you don't prune them now, and another thing to remember is, again,
00:32:31just like shrub roses, you can go in and do a 50% prune,
00:32:36and you can also go down and cut out one of the older canes and do a regeneration prune.
00:32:44You should just do it after summer, and the flowering is over,
00:32:50because we don't want to hurt the flowering for next year too much.
00:32:55And by doing it right after flowering, we achieve kind of the same thing we do with rhododendrons,
00:33:01which is if we cut directly after flowering, like the first few weeks after flowering,
00:33:07we don't hurt next year's flowering, and that is kind of the same principle we use with the albas,
00:33:14the gallicas, and the damasks, right?
00:33:17Now, as I said before, rugosas, you don't have to worry about as much,
00:33:21because they bloom on both new and old wood, so you can cut those more shrub roses.
00:33:26Pimpany folia, you want to cut just like the albas and the damasks, in general,
00:33:31because there are, as I said, some new types that have been bred in the last 10 years,
00:33:37that have actually got a little bit of re-flowering on them.
00:33:41For example, Mona Mie Claire,
00:33:42and I can't remember what the name of the other one was, it was also something, a girl's name.
00:33:49So, but in general, most of them you want to do the same as you do with the albas and
00:33:59the namas.
00:33:59With musk roses, as I said before, they actually do have the ability to re-flower,
00:34:04and also some of the china historic roses also do have the ability to re-flower.
00:34:11So those you want to be a little bit careful with, because they actually do have the ability to re
00:34:17-flower.
00:34:18So you probably want to prune them a little bit more like a shrub rose with the musk roses,
00:34:22and some of the china ones you might want to prune a little more like a grandiflora or a tea
00:34:29hybrid.
00:34:30So just be aware of those exceptions.
00:34:33And then we have the portlands, and we have the bourbons,
00:34:38and we have the hybrid perpetuals, right, or remontant roses, as they're also called in some countries.
00:34:46All these you can get away with pruning kind of like shrub roses, right?
00:34:53You can cut them back with either 30% if you're doing a light prune, or 50%.
00:35:00And you can do it in spring, because they will still bloom on a new growth.
00:35:06So that was the bourbons, and that was the hybrid perpetuals, right?
00:35:13So just remember that.
00:35:16And I would actually encourage to cut them back in springtime, because a lot of them can get kind of
00:35:25diseased if you don't do some type of pruning on them.
00:35:29If you just leave them alone all year, they can get kind of diseased.
00:35:34Rose D'Rash can suffer from that.
00:35:37Jack Cartier can suffer from that.
00:35:40So just be aware of that with these types of roses.
00:35:43You want to prune them more like shrub roses, and you want to prune them in spring.
00:35:47But the typical historical roses, the albas, the damask, and the gallicas,
00:35:53you want to prune only after they're bloomed.
00:35:56And you want to, in general, prune them with about 30% of the top growth.
00:36:00And do look out for those outward facing buds, no matter what you prune, right?
00:36:08So I'm wondering here if there's a category I've forgotten.
00:36:12Of course, in a set of roses, you want to treat like climbers, right?
00:36:16But in general, there's so many different roses in this group.
00:36:21The most important thing you have to establish is, is this a once-blooming rose, an old growth,
00:36:27or is it a hybrid perpetual, right?
00:36:32So that is the first thing you want to establish.
00:36:34And if it is a hybrid perpetual, you probably want to go with a shrub pruning method in early spring.
00:36:40And if it is a once-blooming rose, an alba gallica damask,
00:36:47you want to go with the light prune after they're done flowering in late summer, right?
00:36:55Or, and you might want to do a rejuvenation prune if you had the rose for six to eight years.
00:37:02So that were the historical roses.
00:37:05Some of the historical roses respond well to pecking down where you bend the stems,
00:37:09kind of like we did with the climbing roses.
00:37:12Again, historic roses are not always for beginners, right?
00:37:16You would probably want to grow something like Jack Cartier and Rose de Rache and a few of these.
00:37:21They're very easy as a beginner.
00:37:24But a lot of the other historic roses, they do require a little bit of time spent on your path,
00:37:29on learning the knowledge and learning how to prune them.
00:37:32And sometimes I also feel like looking at pictures can be a good idea to see how the rose looks
00:37:38in its final form. So you kind of know how to prune for that, right?
00:37:45So that's sometimes I'll look at pictures and I'll see how different roses have been pruned,
00:37:51and I'll kind of make a judgment call what looks the best.
00:37:55So, but historic roses are very hard to prune.
00:37:58You do need to spend a little time on a little effort to learn each group.
00:38:03And even worse, you have to remember those groups over winter,
00:38:07when nothing is in bloom and nothing is leafed out.
00:38:11So with historic roses, it is a good idea to have name tags on them, right?
00:38:17Because you might forget, is this a hybrid perpetual or is it an alba?
00:38:21What is it? And you might cut it wrong or you might simply not cut your hybrid perpetuals
00:38:26because you don't want to risk cutting your albas, right?
00:38:30So with historic roses, it is really important with that name tag.
00:38:35But let's continue here.
00:38:37When it comes to our climbing roses, we're just going to go in here and we're going
00:38:43to nib off all the spent flower hats. And we also have one over here.
00:38:48And then we are going to get rid of all the old leaves too here.
00:38:55And what we are essentially going to do with the old climbers, when we have done all that,
00:39:02is we're going to bend them down like this horizontally to get more flowers.
00:39:07And then we're going to put some strips on them.
00:39:09So first get rid of all the dead leaves here, remove all the spent flower hats
00:39:19and just continue making everything nice here.
00:39:23And I'll show you how the final result looks.
00:39:26And now it helps to have some plant strips on the hand.
00:39:30I'm not married to this type in particular. I just found them very cheap.
00:39:35The important thing to remember with plant strips is you don't want to tighten them too closely
00:39:40around the rose stem or it will hurt the rose.
00:39:44What we are essentially trying to do with our climbing roses is creating long,
00:39:49arching canes we tie in because that leads to a lot of horizontal growth.
00:39:55And a lot of horizontal growth leads to a lot of flowering.
00:39:58And that is because of what I explained in the previous video about auxins,
00:40:04the plant hormone gathering on the underside of the shoot.
00:40:08And that leads to a lot of lateral side shoots.
00:40:13And we will always try to prune it in a more fan shape.
00:40:17One going that way in either 45 or 90 degrees.
00:40:21And another going that way in either 45 or 90 degrees.
00:40:26And as you can see, I have tied it in here.
00:40:30You don't want to make these too tight because the branches will grow and these will start to cut
00:40:35into the branches. But what happens when we prune it or tie it horizontally,
00:40:40is all these buds will activate and they will start shooting that way.
00:40:46And instead of having one branch just going straight up and creating one cluster of flowers,
00:40:51you now have many branches leafing out and creating flowers for you.
00:40:55And that is why we prune horizontally and we fan them out.
00:41:00Sometimes you can't create a fan shape. Then you will have to go a bit more laterally.
00:41:05It depends on the variety. But with most modern roses that are climbing,
00:41:09you can create this fan shape here. Do remember to get rid of old leaves
00:41:14so they don't spread fungal disease. And do remember once again to clean your tools.
00:41:23And here is a good example of what happens when you use this technique on an older row.
00:41:27So I've done it with two years ago. You can see one cane going here.
00:41:31And you can see we have these nice shoots now all the way along the cane.
00:41:35Right? So that is why we do it like that. And those go on to flower. So...
00:41:44Sometimes as your climbers get older, they might need a rejuvenation pruning.
00:41:49And that is because the growth turns woody and unproductive.
00:41:54This usually happens between year four and six.
00:41:58I'm not going to prune this one because it is my Eden.
00:42:01But I am going to demonstrate it on another climbing road. How to do rejuvenation pruning.
00:42:07So let's go to our Florentina.
00:42:11Rejuvenation pruning is very simple. You take out the oldest stem that is unproductive
00:42:16all the way at the crown. And then they'll form basil breaks around the crown.
00:42:21Those will form new shoots. And you use those new shoots to drain. And they start producing flowers for you.
00:42:28You remove one old stem per year. And you can do it for multiple years until your old climber or
00:42:34old historic rose is completely renewed with fresh new shoots that bloom a lot.
00:42:42So what is our goal when it comes to climbing roses?
00:42:46Well, first you want to get rid of the cluster flower at the end of the stem.
00:42:52So get rid of all the old flowers. Then you want to bend the canes horizontally either in a fan
00:42:58shape or what is possible.
00:43:00You want to bend them at least 45 degrees because that is really the actuation point for the auxin to
00:43:07flow
00:43:07along the underside of the branch. But you can also do 90 degrees if you can get away with it
00:43:14and you want a more
00:43:15horizontal look. And we do that to encourage flowering and to encourage leafing out. The issue is when you just
00:43:24do one straight stem, you end up getting some flowers up here and some leaves up here. And then you
00:43:31get no
00:43:32flowers at the end of the stem or at the bottom and nearly no leafing out. That is why with
00:43:38climbers,
00:43:39we bend them horizontally. Do be aware with climbers that they need a lot of time to establish often like
00:43:47three to four years and with some of them even five to six years. So they are a bit of
00:43:52a long-term
00:43:53investment and you need to spend a lot of time controlling the growth and bending them horizontal.
00:44:02But it is definitely worth it in the end when you see those massive flushes of hundreds, sometimes even
00:44:10more flowers. So be aware that climbers are a long-term commitment for a high payoff, right?
00:44:21So, but remove the old leaves from them. Sometimes they can sit too close to your warm house wall or
00:44:28something like that. Or they're sheltered by a wall and they don't de-leaf themselves or drop the leaves and
00:44:36then cause fungal issues. So do remember to remove the leaves and to clean up at the bottom of them
00:44:42to
00:44:42avoid those fungal spores from splashing back up when it rains. So, and that is in general the thing to
00:44:52remember climbers. And do remember what you tie them with. You don't want to tie them in too tight.
00:44:58Because the branch will increase in diameter as the rose gets older. And if you tie it in too tight
00:45:06from the beginning, what will often end up happening is the branch will grow into what you tie it with.
00:45:15And that will cause wounds on the branches and they might even die from that or get diseased. So don't
00:45:24tie in your branches too tight. You just want to keep them in place, but you don't want to firmly
00:45:30secure
00:45:31them, right? That's very important because you know with trees, right? Where the the bark or the
00:45:39it will just grow around it. And the same with roses. They'll just try to grow around it, but that'll
00:45:47make
00:45:47a deep wound if you tie them in too tightly. But yeah, don't worry too much about climbers. And you
00:45:55don't want to cut climbers back to the ground, right? Climbers need older growth. They need to be treated
00:46:04more like historic roses. You don't cut them a lot. You can often, if you have a very old climber,
00:46:12what I will
00:46:13do is maybe after four to six years, I'll go down and remove one of the very old branches to
00:46:18encourage
00:46:19the basal bricks and new shoots from the bottom. And then I'll maybe remove one third of the top
00:46:27of the shoots, right? If I feel like it is getting too big, you can also do a hard reset
00:46:32and go for 50%,
00:46:34but just be aware that is going to hurt the flowering. But it will probably recover in a year or
00:46:42so,
00:46:42right? Because climbers are good at it when first established. But just be aware that climbers are
00:46:52high investment, high payoff decision, right? And if you want to do an arch, for example,
00:46:59you have to make sure that the climber you're buying is good enough for an arch. Because many climbers
00:47:06struggle to go above two meters, and some of them might even go to 12 meters, right?
00:47:13So if you buy one that's too tall for what you're trying to cover, you will enter into a lifetime
00:47:19of
00:47:19fighting with that climber. And if you buy one that is too small for what you're trying to cover,
00:47:25you will also enter into a lifetime of struggle trying to get that climber to grow beyond its
00:47:32natural ability. So make sure to match what you're trying to
00:47:37grow it up against with the type or variety of climber that you get. And also be aware that some
00:47:43climbers have more stiff canes than others, that might be a decision factor for you. You can nearly
00:47:49always get away with the fan shape, but you can't always get away with covering an arch.
00:47:56And also be aware some climbers are not good at keeping leaves on the lower part of the canes.
00:48:05And if you have something in an area where you can't really cover it,
00:48:09that might be a decision you want to look out for that the climbing variety you choose leaves out at
00:48:18the bottom of the canes. So yeah, that was it about climbers. Let's continue.
00:48:26Sometimes you have rose branches crossing, but you don't want to
00:48:30cut them away or throw them away because the branches are too good. One thing I sometimes use is
00:48:35these ones meant for camping. And I kind of just go in and take one of the branches like this.
00:48:44And I kind of just bend it down like that. And if you want, you could do one more
00:48:53to keep it even more firmly in place. And with time that will lignify or lignify and
00:49:00it'll be permanently kept there. You can also use bamboo if that is what you have
00:49:06or anything really to keep it down.
00:49:10When it comes to shrub roses, we generally want to keep many canes like seven to nine canes,
00:49:16and we want to cut around 30% off from the top if we want to maintain the shrub.
00:49:22Of course, we can also do a harder prune if we don't want to do only 20 to 30%.
00:49:30We can do something known as a 50% prune, which I'll show in just a second here. But remember
00:49:37to get
00:49:37all the old dead stuff off. And if you want to do 50%, we can cut it down further.
00:49:45This will of course help maintain the height more of the rose, but it will also set the shrub rose
00:49:52a lot more back. And your typical shrub roses are, for example, your David Austen's or your Gallier roses.
00:50:02So when it comes to shrub roses, we want a very nice bush shape. And that is why pruning your
00:50:12shrub roses
00:50:13like tea hybrids is one of the most catastrophic things you can do because you don't get good growth.
00:50:19You don't get that full shape you want. And many Austen roses are shrub roses. I would say like a
00:50:27good
00:50:2780% of Austen roses are shrub roses and should be pruned like shrub roses. Also something like
00:50:35Gallier roses are also shrub roses in general, the Generosa seers. And many breeders produce a lot of
00:50:41shrub roses. So you can do a lot of damage if you start pruning shrub roses like you do your
00:50:48tea hybrids.
00:50:49So what do we want to do with shrub roses? Well, it depends a little bit on the age of
00:50:55the plant.
00:50:56Like I said, the first year, you know, in general, just want to remove that wood and kind of leave
00:51:01them alone.
00:51:02And in year second, you can begin with a very light prune about I would say 20 to 30%
00:51:09removed of the top stem. And maybe when they get older around year four, you can try doing a harder
00:51:16prune of
00:51:1750% because then it will have the energy to shoot. You always have to remember we want to balance
00:51:23how much
00:51:23we cut off with how much energy and how big a root net the rose has. It doesn't make sense
00:51:29to cut
00:51:29everything to the ground when you know that rose doesn't have any root net. It doesn't have any
00:51:35energy stored down there. All it will trigger is a stress response like I went over before in the
00:51:42videos about rose hormones and also about primary and secondary metabolism and those things.
00:51:49You can go check those videos out. They're also in the rose pruning course.
00:51:54But in general, you want to leave your shrub roses alone the first year. In the second year,
00:52:01you want to go in with a light prune about those 20 to 30%.
00:52:05And when they get older, you can get away with a little bit of a harder prune,
00:52:10but you don't want to go overboard. You want to leave a lot of canes on your shrub roses because
00:52:17they have to look full, right? Of course, if you do get a little bit of fungal disease,
00:52:22you might want to take a few canes out, but you don't want to go down to like
00:52:28three canes, right? You probably want to stick around these eight to nine canes. Maybe you can get away with
00:52:34seven, but don't go down into three or five canes, maybe five canes with some varieties. But in general,
00:52:42you want to keep more canes on your shrub roses. I would say for me, I tend to prefer somewhere
00:52:47in
00:52:48between seven and nine, but it depends on the variety, how susceptible it is to things like
00:52:55powdery mildew, rust, black spot, because the more canes you leave, the more foliage you leave,
00:53:01and the more dense it becomes, and the more susceptible to fungal spores. So do be aware
00:53:08of that and find the balance for the variety you're growing. But in general, you don't want to
00:53:15cut them like tea hybrids. So remember with the Austin roses, don't cut them back to three to five
00:53:22stems at 20 centimeters. You want to do seven to nine stems, and you only want to give them a
00:53:27light top
00:53:28prune. Pruning your Austin roses too hard or any other shrub rose is one of the biggest mistakes you
00:53:35can do, right? But as they get older shrub roses, you might want to do what we did with the
00:53:41climbing
00:53:42roses, and that is around year six or year seven. If they have any unproductive growth, any woody growth
00:53:49that isn't flowering anymore, you can go in and remove one of those stems per year and then encourage the
00:53:55new basil breaks, right? So do be mindful of that when they go beyond six years, that you might want
00:54:01to do a little bit of rejuvenation pruning at the bottom, and that might also influence your decision
00:54:07in how you prune the top. But in general, the first few years, do light prune of your shrub roses,
00:54:15only remove 20 to 30 percent, and then if you feel like the size gets too big, you can go
00:54:21in with a 50
00:54:22percent prune, and if you feel like they're too unproductive and there's too much old wood,
00:54:28you can go down and snip out some of that old wood at all the way down at the crown
00:54:33at the bottom,
00:54:34and then you'll get basil breaks, and you can start bringing those up into the bush and start again,
00:54:39really. So just remember that with Austin and shrub roses, for example, if you have 120 centimeters
00:54:47shrub rose, you might want to cut it back to 80 centimeters. That is a 30 percent prune. If you
00:54:53have a 150 centimeter tall shrub rose, you might want to cut it back to 100 centimeters. Those are
00:55:00what we consider light prunes. What you don't want to do is you don't want to go down to those
00:55:0520
00:55:06centimeters and tree stems, right? Only with the tea hybrids that prefer that kind of thing.
00:55:13And this also goes for your musk roses. Remember, most of your musk roses are
00:55:19what we'll define as shrub roses. So don't go overboard with them. They won't appreciate it.
00:55:28But yeah, guys, let's continue here. When cutting our grandifloras, we in general want more stems
00:55:36than our hybrid teas, and we want more height than our floribundas. Cutting grandifloras is kind of in
00:55:44between. So we usually want at least five stems, which I don't have here, and we want about 50 to
00:55:5170
00:55:52centimeters of height on our grandifloras.
00:55:57Now let's talk about grandifloras. Grandifloras sits right in the middle between floribundas
00:56:07and hybrid teas, right? And what does that mean? Well, it means we want to leave a bit more stems,
00:56:17but we want the stems to be taller in height than when we cut a tea hybrid.
00:56:23So with a tea hybrid, we might go for tree stems. But with a grandifloro, we nearly always want to
00:56:30go with five stems, if we have the opportunity. Five to seven, right? So we want more stems on a
00:56:37grandifloro than we want on our tea hybrids. We want it a bit more similar to our floribundas.
00:56:44But the thing that makes grandifloras a little bit different in pruning techniques,
00:56:48from something like floribunda, is we actually want our grandifloras to have a little bit of height
00:56:54in the cane. So we want to be cutting it around 40 to 70 centimeters, depending on the grandifloro.
00:57:03We want to leave a lot of nodes along a long cane, and we want to create more of a
00:57:09waste shape than
00:57:10a bush shape often. So just remember, grandifloras are kind of in between floribunda and tea hybrids.
00:57:19The reason for that is they make large clusters of very big blooms, right? So they sit in between
00:57:27those two categories. So that means you want to leave a bit more stem, you want to
00:57:33keep more stems than you want with tea hybrid, and as I said, you want it a little bit higher
00:57:40in the stems that you leave. So general advice is, in my opinion, about five stems, and go with
00:57:50something along the lines of, I would say around 50 centimeters. You can also experiment with 70
00:57:56centimeters, and you can go all the way down to 40 centimeters. But really, I would say around five
00:58:02stems and around half a meter will be ideal for many grandifloras, right? So yeah guys, those were the
00:58:12grandifloras. You shouldn't prune them as tea hybrids, and you shouldn't prune them as floribundas.
00:58:17You should prune them in between, because they are in between those two groups.
00:58:28Now, if you have been growing roses for a long time, you will notice that the categories are not
00:58:32always completely strict. You might have a rose that starts out as a tea hybrid, and then later
00:58:38switches its growth style and its bloom factor to more of a grandiflora. And that is something you
00:58:46will learn from experience, right? What roses are the exception to the rule. In my garden, it is roses like
00:58:55Goethe, that is a bit of an exception. Also, to a small extent, Princess Chaline de Monaco,
00:59:02and also to some extent, the Chateau de Chaunier and a few others.
00:59:08Chateau de Chaunier, you always want to grow as more of a shrub rose, even though in many websites
00:59:13it is classified as a climber. You want to grow it as a medium-large shrub rose. And if you
00:59:21want to use
00:59:21it as a climber, only go for a small obelisk, right? It won't get big. It will grow like 40
00:59:28centimeters at
00:59:29max. And if you cut it back 40 centimeters per year at max, and if you cut it back too
00:59:35harshly,
00:59:36it simply won't bloom, right? And that is an important thing to remember. Sometimes when you
00:59:41cut your roses too harshly, they won't bloom as much. And that is why I really try to stress here
00:59:48that
00:59:49for many beginners, they simply cut their roses too hard and they don't allow them to establish and to
00:59:55allow that root net to establish. A thing you can do with very young roses if you don't care about
01:00:02the
01:00:02blooms, if you already have multiple roses of that variety, and you just want them to establish fast,
01:00:09is you can get rid of the flower heads. Because if you get rid of the flower heads,
01:00:13you take away the energy the rose is spending on developing flowers, and then it can put more of
01:00:20that energy to developing roots and to help it establish faster. So removing the flowers from
01:00:28your young roses will help them establish faster. But the downside is, of course, you don't have those
01:00:35beautiful flowers to enjoy. So this is a trade off you can choose for yourself. I usually do it if
01:00:44I
01:00:44already have a few of that variety of roses and I just have some young plants in a pot where
01:00:49I've done
01:00:49cutlings and I want them to establish fast. Then I remove the flower heads because I already have the
01:00:56mother plant to enjoy the flowers on and I just want those ones to establish fast and make roots fast.
01:01:03So you can do that and manipulate the rose that way. So that is another method. But I hope in
01:01:10this
01:01:10video I have really shown you that roses shouldn't just be pruned one way. You really have to learn
01:01:19your floribondas, your grantifloras, your tea hybrids and your historic roses and your shrub roses, right?
01:01:27And you have to really check up on what type of rose you're dealing with. Eventually you'll just have
01:01:34it all in your head and it'll go quite quickly. But you can look it up on Help Me Find
01:01:40or you can go look
01:01:41up at the website you bought the rose, what it is classified as. You can write it into Google and
01:01:48ask
01:01:48Google is this a floribonda. I wouldn't always trust AI too much because it can be wrong sometimes.
01:01:58But you can of course use it, just double check it in my opinion. But yeah, you do need to
01:02:08prune your roses
01:02:09definitely depending on what type they are. And that is why most pruning videos out there are far too
01:02:15simple and probably why you will just have to learn it the hard way and the long way sadly. So
01:02:25yeah guys,
01:02:25that was it for today. Take care out there.
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