La struttura dalle origini, l'identità, il simbolismo e la ritualità, lo stragismo, il ruolo delle donne, il potere economico e criminale, il fenomeno del pentitismo, le analogie e le differenze tra le varie organizzazioni criminali. Un'accurata analisi per conoscere e approfondire in tutti i suoi molteplici aspetti il fenomeno mafioso dalle sue origini ad oggi.
In questa lezione l'allora procuratore Nazionale antimafia Pietro Grasso, veste i panni del docente e del testimone, trasportandoci nella realtà di quegli anni, gli anni del maxi-processo alla mafia. All’inizio degli anni Ottanta, Rocco Chinnici istituisce il Pool che vedrà in prima linea i giudici Giovanni Falcone e Paolo Borsellino nella dura lotta contro l'organizzazione criminale di Cosa Nostra. Il risultato di anni e anni di indagini, sarà il Maxi Processo che comincerà il 10 febbraio 1986, e terminerà il 30 gennaio 1992.
E' col Maxi Processo che il lavoro di Falcone e Borsellino diventa verità giudiziaria, racconta l'ex Procuratore Grasso, giudice a latere e protagonista in prima persona del Maxi Processo, un evento epocale per la giustizia italiana e per la lotta alla mafia, ricco di colpi di scena e aneddoti clamorosi.
The structure from its origins, its identity, symbolism and rituals, massacres, the role of women, economic and criminal power, the phenomenon of repentance, the similarities and differences between various criminal organizations. A thorough analysis to understand and explore all its many facets of the Mafia phenomenon from its origins to the present.
In this lesson, the then National Anti-Mafia Prosecutor Pietro Grasso takes on the roles of teacher and witness, transporting us into the reality of those years, the years of the mega-trial against the Mafia. In the early 1980s, Rocco Chinnici established the Pool, which would see judges Giovanni Falcone and Paolo Borsellino at the forefront of the bitter fight against the Cosa Nostra criminal organization. The result of years and years of investigations was the Maxi Trial, which began on February 10, 1986, and ended on January 30, 1992.
It was with the Maxi Trial that the work of Falcone and Borsellino became judicial truth, says former Prosecutor Grasso, associate judge and a key figure in the Maxi Trial, a landmark event for Italian justice and the fight against the Mafia, full of twists and sensational anecdotes.
#Antimafia #Mafia #CosaNostra #LezioniDiMafia #GiovanniFalcone
||
#Crime #TrueCrime #DivinumCrime
https://www.dailymotion.com/DivinumCrime
In questa lezione l'allora procuratore Nazionale antimafia Pietro Grasso, veste i panni del docente e del testimone, trasportandoci nella realtà di quegli anni, gli anni del maxi-processo alla mafia. All’inizio degli anni Ottanta, Rocco Chinnici istituisce il Pool che vedrà in prima linea i giudici Giovanni Falcone e Paolo Borsellino nella dura lotta contro l'organizzazione criminale di Cosa Nostra. Il risultato di anni e anni di indagini, sarà il Maxi Processo che comincerà il 10 febbraio 1986, e terminerà il 30 gennaio 1992.
E' col Maxi Processo che il lavoro di Falcone e Borsellino diventa verità giudiziaria, racconta l'ex Procuratore Grasso, giudice a latere e protagonista in prima persona del Maxi Processo, un evento epocale per la giustizia italiana e per la lotta alla mafia, ricco di colpi di scena e aneddoti clamorosi.
The structure from its origins, its identity, symbolism and rituals, massacres, the role of women, economic and criminal power, the phenomenon of repentance, the similarities and differences between various criminal organizations. A thorough analysis to understand and explore all its many facets of the Mafia phenomenon from its origins to the present.
In this lesson, the then National Anti-Mafia Prosecutor Pietro Grasso takes on the roles of teacher and witness, transporting us into the reality of those years, the years of the mega-trial against the Mafia. In the early 1980s, Rocco Chinnici established the Pool, which would see judges Giovanni Falcone and Paolo Borsellino at the forefront of the bitter fight against the Cosa Nostra criminal organization. The result of years and years of investigations was the Maxi Trial, which began on February 10, 1986, and ended on January 30, 1992.
It was with the Maxi Trial that the work of Falcone and Borsellino became judicial truth, says former Prosecutor Grasso, associate judge and a key figure in the Maxi Trial, a landmark event for Italian justice and the fight against the Mafia, full of twists and sensational anecdotes.
#Antimafia #Mafia #CosaNostra #LezioniDiMafia #GiovanniFalcone
||
#Crime #TrueCrime #DivinumCrime
https://www.dailymotion.com/DivinumCrime
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TVTrascrizione
00:17My name is Pietro Grasso and I grew up in Palermo, an important city for the choices
00:24of my life. Since 2005 I have been the national anti-mafia prosecutor, so I went from
00:34trench of the Palermo prosecutor's office at the headquarters in Rome, where the news arrives
00:39from all fronts, the trends and new activities of the mafia are studied, plans are developed
00:46the techniques and strategies needed to combat it.
01:08I remember perfectly when I met Giovanni Falcone, it was 1979, he was a young investigating judge
01:19at the Court of Palermo, under the guidance of Rocco Chinnici, who had called upon himself
01:25also Paolo Borsellino, I, a young deputy public prosecutor, always in Palermo,
01:32that I found myself following the same investigation with him on a stolen moped.
01:39It was one of those investigations that was destined to be archived, a proceeding against unknown persons.
01:45Well, from that investigation he got a great lesson in professionalism.
01:51Think that Giovanni Falcone began to make an expert assessment to find out the number
01:59braso of the moped, after which he identified the injured party who had suffered the theft
02:06and through his own statements and those of some friends he also managed to trap the thieves.
02:12He was a great example of professionalism. Consider that he had investigated a stolen moped.
02:20as if investigating a murder.
02:23And then he understood that he was truly someone extraordinary compared to us.
02:29He was a champion. A bond of mutual respect and friendship immediately developed between us.
02:36When I was given the task of being a lateral judge at the maxi-trial,
02:43I showed up at his bunker office
02:47and I told him that I had been appointed to be the judge of his trial.
02:55and he looked me up and down with his slightly ironic and sly smile
03:05which made dimples appear on his cheeks, he told me
03:10Come, let me introduce you to the maxi-trial.
03:17This mafia lesson is the one I care about the most
03:21because it represents an important page in the history of the mafia
03:29and because it was an event that totally changed my life
03:37personal and professional.
03:41We will talk about the maxi-trial against the mafia
03:45We will talk about how the anti-mafia pool was formed
03:50of how the trial was conducted
03:54and finally the higher levels of judgment and the conclusion
03:59of this procedural monster as it had been defined at the time.
04:07The term pool is used for the anti-mafia pool of the Palermo education office.
04:15It refers to a group of magistrates working together on a complex investigation
04:22dividing up tasks and having directives from a head of the structure.
04:30Giovanni Falcone had already started an investigation against the group at the beginning of 1980
04:38Spatola in Serillo Gambino and through his banking investigations and his investigation against
04:47of drug trafficking that had already taken the route to the United States
04:53he had managed to accomplish an enormous feat which had already been stamped, confirmed by the Court of
05:07Palermo.
05:08At the same time Paolo Borsellino was investigating the murder of Captain Emanuele Basile
05:16and killed him in Monreale on May 3, 1980. He too was delving into the depths of the investigations of
05:24mafia
05:24and it was logical that these two excellent magistrates should join forces on one side and the other
05:35together with Judge Leonardo Guarnotta, one of the most senior investigating judges
05:40together with Judge Di Vello who was highly esteemed by the late Rocco Chignici
05:49who had started to lead this group and only the explosive mafioso
05:55July 29, 1983, takes it away from its very important function
06:01they form the first nucleus of the anti-mafia pool.
06:09After the death of Rocco Chignici, Enino Caponnetto replaced him, having left his
06:19beautiful Florence and with great sacrifices he had settled in a room with a Franciscan tenor
06:30at the Guardia di Finanza barracks and from there he then began to actively manage
06:38the pool of Falcone, Borsellino, Di Lello and Guarnotta.
06:44A certain new system of assigning processes had to be adopted because the old one
06:52the code saw the investigating judge as a single judge and how it was possible to group together
06:58all the investigations that had to be connected to each other.
07:03The expedient was to assign all the trials to all these four magistrates at the same time.
07:11And so this great adventure began.
07:17It was difficult to penetrate anti-mafia investigations with the tools of the time.
07:23Yes, finally the crime of mafia-type association was obtained in 1982 with
07:33the Rognoni-La Torre law.
07:34There was also the possibility of seizing and confiscating assets, but it was still not clear
07:41well what was the mafia.
07:43In 1981 the first report was presented, a joint report from the Flying Squad,
07:53then drawn up by the vice-questor Nini Cassarà and by the provincial command of the Carabinieri,
08:00It is the first official act of the birth of the investigation into the maxi trial.
08:06It was a report made up of a series of news items, information gathered through
08:14various confidants.
08:16One of these we learned later, that it was a side dish called First Light, they could not
08:24indicate the names of the confidants.
08:26It was a relationship due to the tenacity of Nini Cassarà and Montana, who did
08:39investigations well beyond traditional standards.
08:44It is said that Nini Cassarà personally went to the villages of Ciacullio, Santa Maria di
08:52Jesus, he would even go on stakeouts alone at night and infiltrate the jungle.
09:00mafia.
09:01But this phase had begun to outline what was a fundamental idea that already
09:08Giovanni Falcone had, that is, the unity of the mafia phenomenon.
09:14He had this principle very clear and well-defined and he had to try to demonstrate it.
09:24I simply sent a strong signal on the need for a connection between the
09:33various investigations and therefore between the various offices of the PM that was not absolutely non-existent
09:40as it is now.
09:41Thus all these investigations were cemented by the statements of the collaborators
09:49of justice like Buscetta and then Salvatore Contorno who was convinced by a confidential source
09:56he also collaborated with Falcone and the anti-mafia pool.
10:05It will be precisely that anti-mafia pool that will carry out one of the most courageous undertakings of the judiciary
10:13Sicilian, bring the mafiosi behind bars and all together.
10:18This is how the maxi-trial was born.
10:23On the eve of the maxi-trial in Palermo, there was a climate of terror.
10:29Armored police cars could also be seen on street corners.
10:34After the declarations of Tommaso Buscetta, other small informants had also begun
10:41to collaborate.
10:43In August 1985, Beppe Montane had been killed first, a week later
10:51Ninni Cassarà.
10:52The climate was really heated.
10:55Falcone, Borsellino and their families had been invited to move to Sardinia,
11:01at the island of Sinara, in order to complete the order of the committal for trial
11:08of the 475 defendants.
11:21When Giovanni Falcone told me come and I'll introduce you to the maxi-trial, he took me to a
11:28secure room, he opened the door and told me, this is the maxi trial.
11:36There was a room with 4 walls up to the roof with shelves and 120 folders, it was
11:45of approximately 400,000 procedural documents, all to be studied.
11:52I certainly found considerable dismay and confusion but I don't want to show it, I don't want to
11:59disappoint Giovanni Falcone who was watching me, he wanted to see my reaction and I told him where it is
12:07the first volume and he smiled broadly understanding that I would get busy, I
12:14I would have immediately started studying those papers, the fruit of their work, and so I did.
12:19They provided me with a small room in the same basement where I started to take those files one by one.
12:32to study the papers. While I was there studying the papers, Paolo Borsellino passed by and
12:40I saw myself struggling to make sense of all those papers, all those episodes
12:49and he provided me with his famous columns, the ones where he had written down everything in a small handwriting
12:58the murders, the crimes and all the correspondences of the pages where the statements were found
13:07and the charges for that type of crime. It was an exceptional help, it was very useful because I
13:17It saved me a lot of time in being able to study those papers. I almost feel pampered, like
13:26If I had an older brother who helped me. Paolo was always generous with suggestions and this
13:34He told me a great comfort in facing the immense effort that awaited me. After all,
13:39He himself had noticed the enthusiasm of the people on the street. He told me, you know, the people
13:48He's rooting for us, he's finally seeing the mafia face to face behind bars. After all, behind bars
13:54those bars there were people of the calibre of Luciano Liggio, of Pippo Calò, subsequently
14:02by Michele Greco, the real bosses of Cosa Nostra. Until the big day came, the first
14:13day of the trial set for February 10, 1986. And we had suffered many doubts about the
14:27possibility of being able to have the bunker classroom that day which was built specifically for this purpose,
14:32have it ready for that fateful day, already set. Consider that at the beginning the Ministry
14:42had suggested holding the trial somewhere else, such as in Rome where
14:48the first trials for the terrorists were held, but Falcone and Borsellino persisted. This
14:54It is a trial conducted by Sicilian magistrates and we must tell the world that they are the magistrates
15:00Sicilians fighting the mafia operating in their land.
15:08The problem of the maxi-trial was also a problem of the race against time. It was necessary to act quickly.
15:15and it was an organizational problem. The lawyers were certain that it would not be possible to go
15:21proceed according to the current rules of criminal procedure. The first day was a truly
15:28memorable, the one for big occasions. Just think that there were 500 journalists from all over the world.
15:34the parts of the world that had gathered there for that event.
15:40The entrance of Tommaso Buscetta, the first informer in the history of Cosa Nostra, was a moment
15:49of greater tension. And then the famous confrontation with Pippo Calò from which he clearly emerged
15:58the inciter.
15:59Because the person being questioned rightly said that your son is a good boy, he went
16:05He naively went to the bank and deposited this money. Is that true? Your son is a boy.
16:11naive, a clean boy, a good boy, right?
16:14Yes, yes, you scoundrel. You scoundrel, I think, you dishonest!
16:19The debate of the maxi-trial brings to mind a kaleidoscope of facts, characters,
16:25of the most varied situations. I still remember the climate of terror and fear in which the judges
16:34popular lived the story of the famous Death Chambers, where the victims came first
16:42strangled and then dissolved in acid. As well as a whole series of misunderstandings about the names or
16:51activities that often generated hilarity. For example, when a lawyer launched
17:02in a vehement tone. Mr. President, the darkness of the cell fell upon my client.
17:10The defendant Pippo Calò, who was evidently distracted, as soon as he heard the name mentioned, asked
17:16to the President because the person who was carrying out the interrogation had to do so
17:22to call into question. Or like when there was a defendant who was called an unknown, unknown savior.
17:30And then it was a problem to be able to deal with the case of an unknown person. Or another defendant had...
17:40a defense attorney named Manca. When asked, but then the defense attorney is the lawyer
17:47Is he missing? Then we can't question him. And we tried to move on to someone else.
17:55On November 11, 1987, the trial finally over, we entered the Council Chamber,
18:05accompanied by the good wishes of Michele Greco, the Pope of Cosa Nostra.
18:10I wish you all peace, because peace is tranquility, it is serenity.
18:16of the spirit and conscience.
18:19Some interpreted that invitation to peace as eternal peace.
18:24The Council Chamber was the longest in living memory. Imagine, 35 days closed without
18:33to be able to communicate with the outside world at all, not even with one's own family.
18:37And even to be able to provide for survival needs, the Ministry had given a contract,
18:49a trusted company, because there was also the danger of being poisoned while
18:54we were in the Council Chamber, the contract was given to a trusted company that brought the meals, but
18:59We never crossed paths. The cook, the chef, call him what you want, came at lunchtime,
19:08usually around the moon, he would prepare a hot meal, then ring a bell and go out
19:15disappearing. We moved from the Council Chamber to a sort of living-dining room
19:21where we ate our meal and then he left us something for a cold dinner for the evening.
19:29Certainly that sort of forced confinement, a sort of retaliation with respect to the prisoners
19:38that we were judging, was made a little less heavy by the fact that during the construction
19:45of the bunker room, since I was also following the proceedings while waiting for the President to be appointed,
19:55I had a French window opened in the living room that led to a small courtyard, which had not been initially planned.
20:04in the project. That was our salvation because by going to get some fresh air
20:13or by seeing the night and the stars from that little courtyard we managed to continue having
20:21a contact with the rest of the world and this was important from a psychological point of view
20:25especially for the lay judges. Finally, on December 16, 1987, the verdict was released.
20:39On behalf of the Italian people, the First Assize Court of Palermo, having seen the articles of law, declares.
20:49For two hours the President of the Assize Court of Palermo has been reading the ruling
20:55which concludes the largest mafia trial ever held in Italy.
20:5919 life sentences and more than 2500 years of prison distributed to all the defendants, but I believe
21:08which was also a fair process because where we were unable to find complete evidence,
21:17individualizing, well then the choice was only the solution. About a hundred of those defendants
21:24They were acquitted. The cultural and emotional contribution of the lay judges was extraordinary.
21:31They were exemplary citizens, true servants of the State. Finally, the ferocity of the
21:41of Cosa Nostra which was able to impose its violence on citizens in a territory,
21:49Fear and intimidation. Finally, all the work of the anti-mafia team could be recognized.
21:58judicial and a consecration to history.
22:06Once the ruling had been read, the reasons for all those defendants had to be written.
22:14and that was the most terrible period of my professional history. Precisely because there was the
22:24problem that the longer I spent writing the sentence, the more the terms passed
22:32could lead to the release of the defendants. Imagine, finishing a trial like that, the one of
22:40an anti-mafia pool with empty cages would have been a failure and therefore I was burdened with a responsibility
22:48exceptional and in August 1988 Borsellino himself realized once again what was
22:57my difficulty went to the president of the court to tell me to get some help from
23:04of some judicial auditors to help me write some parts of the facts regarding the murders.
23:13At that moment I felt burdened with such a responsibility that I couldn't even have
23:21A free moment, a moment of relaxation. There were no Sunday holidays, all my time was between studying.
23:30Of
23:30home and the bunker courtroom where he went to consult the documents to draft the statement of reasons. One morning my son
23:39who was 14 at the time asked me to go and change them, to buy a tracksuit that was torn. Good to
23:50reluctantly
23:50With a sense of guilt I left my work table and went to a sporting goods store
23:58near home.
23:59There I met a young man who greeted me. "Good morning, Mr. Judge, have we met?"
24:08I said. What? You don't recognize me? We've been facing each other for two years. But where? At the maxi-trial.
24:17I was behind the cages and she was the judge. And if I left her behind the cages, why?
24:22Now he is out
24:24I'm talking. Well, because I've found better judges. You rejected twelve rooms of pretrial release.
24:34Then I remembered that young man. He was the son of a mafia boss who was suspected of being one of the
24:40killer
24:41who were part of a death squad, the one that had bloodied Palermo. Having bought the tracksuit,
24:47I went home, told my son, and went back to my workbench. Ironically, on the
24:53at my table there was that boy's chair
24:57with the motivation of a sentence of eight years and six months of imprisonment for drug-related crimes
25:04association.
25:06Well, those are the moments when you think of giving everything for society, for others and that's it.
25:14'it's someone who destroys all your work.
25:17Those are the moments when you think, but why am I doing this? And then it occurred to me
25:26meeting with Antonino Caponnetto,
25:30the head of the anti-mafia pool, shortly before the trial began, when he gave me a little slap on the cheek and
25:40he told me
25:41Go ahead, boy, with your head held high and your back straight and always follow the voice of your conscience.
25:49And that sentence stuck with me so much that I felt it was my duty to continue despite everything.
25:58And this is the message I try to send to young people.
26:03What a sense of duty must lead one to commit oneself beyond any result.
26:11We must not be disappointed or discouraged by the fact that others destroy what we do.
26:23Meanwhile, the work of delegitimizing the anti-mafia pool had begun and on 19 January 1988 the Superior Council of the
26:33Judiciary,
26:34after Antonino Caponnetto had to abandon his post for health reasons, thinking with certainty that he would
26:46replaced Giovanni Falcone,
26:49the most logical, most rational replacement, and instead the Superior Council appointed the councilor Antonino Medi.
26:59And from there the slow disintegration of the anti-mafia pool began.
27:07Also because that concept of unity that had given rise to the idea of the anti-mafia pool
27:15was disintegrated by the new conception of the head of the office who instead began to consider Cosa Nostra as a collection of
27:27criminal gangs scattered across the territory.
27:31In the appeal proceedings the dome's responsibilities were then significantly reduced,
27:38but fortunately Falcone had managed to take the statements of other collaborators of justice such as Marino Mannoia and Antonino
27:47Cauldron
27:48and the responsibilities of many defendants were strengthened by these statements.
27:57On August 9, 1991, Antonino Scopellini was killed in Calabria.
28:06The public prosecutor, one of the public prosecutors, already designated to support the prosecution in the maxi-trial before the Court of Cassation.
28:17But this did not make the State retreat in the face of this further threat.
28:22On January 30, 1992, the Supreme Court of Cassation fully confirmed the exculpatory hypotheses of Falcone and Borsellino
28:33of the anti-mafia push first and of the first instance sentence afterwards.
28:38Finally, the world received a final judgment in which it was consecrated for the first time
28:47the responsibility of the Cosa Nostra mafia dome.
28:53The convictions of the maxi-trial become judicial truth.
29:44Thank you all.
29:47Thank you.
29:53Thank you.
29:59Thank you.
30:01Thank you.
30:02Thank you.
30:02Thank you.
30:02Thank you.
30:03Thank you.
30:03Thank you.
30:03Thank you.
30:03Thank you.
30:03Thank you.
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