La struttura dalle origini, l'identità, il simbolismo e la ritualità, lo stragismo, il ruolo delle donne, il potere economico e criminale, il fenomeno del pentitismo, le analogie e le differenze tra le varie organizzazioni criminali. Un'accurata analisi per conoscere e approfondire in tutti i suoi molteplici aspetti il fenomeno mafioso dalle sue origini ad oggi.
Le metamorfosi sociali, culturali ed economiche che hanno favorito il consolidamento economico del potere criminale mafioso: dalla mafia del latifondo al business dei sequestri, dalla droga fino al riciclaggio.
Un potere che ha ormai da tempo varcato i confini oceanici alla conquista dei mercati globali. Un mafioso – ci dice Pietro Grasso – preferisce restare in galera da ricco, che in libertà da povero.
The structure from its origins, its identity, symbolism and rituals, massacres, the role of women, economic and criminal power, the phenomenon of repentance, the similarities and differences between various criminal organizations. A thorough analysis to understand and explore all its many facets of the mafia phenomenon from its origins to the present.
The social, cultural, and economic transformations that have favored the economic consolidation of mafia criminal power: from the mafia of large estates to the kidnapping business, from drugs to money laundering.
A power that has long since crossed ocean borders to conquer global markets. A mafioso, Pietro Grasso tells us, would rather remain in prison as a rich man than free as a poor man.
#Antimafia #Mafia #CosaNostra #LezioniDiMafia #GiovanniFalcone
||
#Crime #TrueCrime #DivinumCrime
https://www.dailymotion.com/DivinumCrime
Le metamorfosi sociali, culturali ed economiche che hanno favorito il consolidamento economico del potere criminale mafioso: dalla mafia del latifondo al business dei sequestri, dalla droga fino al riciclaggio.
Un potere che ha ormai da tempo varcato i confini oceanici alla conquista dei mercati globali. Un mafioso – ci dice Pietro Grasso – preferisce restare in galera da ricco, che in libertà da povero.
The structure from its origins, its identity, symbolism and rituals, massacres, the role of women, economic and criminal power, the phenomenon of repentance, the similarities and differences between various criminal organizations. A thorough analysis to understand and explore all its many facets of the mafia phenomenon from its origins to the present.
The social, cultural, and economic transformations that have favored the economic consolidation of mafia criminal power: from the mafia of large estates to the kidnapping business, from drugs to money laundering.
A power that has long since crossed ocean borders to conquer global markets. A mafioso, Pietro Grasso tells us, would rather remain in prison as a rich man than free as a poor man.
#Antimafia #Mafia #CosaNostra #LezioniDiMafia #GiovanniFalcone
||
#Crime #TrueCrime #DivinumCrime
https://www.dailymotion.com/DivinumCrime
Categoria
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TVTrascrizione
00:24The National Anti-Mafia Prosecutor
00:30Thus, from the trenches of the Palermo Prosecutor's Office to the headquarters in Rome, where news arrives from all over the world.
00:38fronts, the trends and new activities of the mafia are studied, the techniques and strategies necessary for
00:46fight it.
01:01The National Anti-Mafia Prosecutor
01:06Today we'll talk about another essential element of mafia power: money, small change. I always remember what he used to say.
01:18Giovanni Falcone, follow the money, follow the money and we will find the mafiosi.
01:26One of the characteristics of Cosa Nostra is precisely that of maintaining the continuity of forms, traditions and rules
01:36adaptation to social, economic, and political changes.
01:41The mafia has been defined differently depending on the historical period. We will try to trace these definitions over time.
01:54I am referring to the issue of the mafia of the large estates, the mafia of speculation in lize and the markets, the drug mafia,
02:05of drugs and finally to get to the business mafia.
02:10Is it a different mafia? No. It's always the same organization that is characterized from time to time for its
02:19preponderant activity, primary with respect to everything else.
02:25The mafia achieves its first basis of social consensus in the management of the large estates, of the land, in the management of the pastures,
02:38of livestock, of gardening,
02:42especially in an arid land like Sicily, the distribution of water, which becomes a moment of power.
02:50And so, little by little, the mafia defends its interests, the interests of landowners.
02:59And the fight against the mafia in that period becomes the farmers' fight to reconquer through that agrarian reform law
03:09which was supposed to distribute,
03:11After having taken away the assets of the church, it had to distribute them to the peasants, the mafia becomes an obstacle to the application
03:21of a law.
03:22This agrarian law was essentially never implemented in Sicily and therefore the fight against the mafia is identified with the
03:32fight against the power of landowners.
03:42These were the years in which the peasant struggle suffered a serious blow with the Portella della Ginestra massacre.
03:51May 1st 1947, when the bandit Giuliano shot at the crowd that had gone to celebrate May 1st
04:02right at Portella della Ginestra.
04:04And a dark, obscure period begins, in which the mafia regains control of a thread of contact with that
04:19which will be the power,
04:21which had been temporarily thrown into crisis by the fascist period, by the repression of the prefect Mori.
04:35At that point the mafia, following its own interests and always trying to make money,
04:45it throws itself into the phenomenon of urbanization, into building speculation, into the control of general markets,
04:54to then quickly move on to another activity which is carried out above all by the Corleonesi of Luciano Liggio,
05:05the kidnapping company.
05:11It is Luciano Liggio, the first red of Corleone, who begins to organize a network in the north for the kidnappings of
05:21people.
05:22He wanted to make small change, he wanted to make money, as the repentant Antonio Calderone tells us.
05:28And Buscetta also tells us that there was a ban expressed by the Commission, precisely,
05:37which gave its strategic directives, prohibiting the carrying out of kidnappings in Sicily.
05:42Why?
05:43But why were we going to attack the economic power with which Cosa Nostra did business in Sicily?
05:53Furthermore, kidnapping is a crime that eliminates consent.
06:01Keeping a citizen deprived of his liberty is certainly reprehensible.
06:09So, in order not to lose consensus, he decides to do them to self-finance and goes to do them in the north.
06:15We remember the kidnapping of Torielli, who was found in the cave where he was kidnapped,
06:21right from judge Turone and Torielli himself asks Turone questions to try to understand
06:29if he really is a magistrate, because he didn't trust him and didn't want to come out of his hiding place.
06:35Or the kidnapping of Rossi di Montelera?
06:38Well, at that time Cosa Nostra had its operational base in Milan.
06:44Liggio had moved to Milan, from there he managed his business and his interests.
06:50But after a certain period of time, the Sicilians had difficulty managing the kidnappings,
06:57especially for the time needed to receive the ransom.
07:01And after they had acquired some money, they began to throw themselves fully into drug trafficking,
07:14through contacts with the American Cosa Nostra.
07:17The American market was a virgin market at that time and the Cosa Nostra cousins proposed themselves as interlocutors
07:30in this traffic.
07:34Between the late 70s and the 80s, drugs were the main source of investment and
07:46profit by the Cosa Nostra organization.
07:49After all, it was very simple, because on one hand there were those who had contacts with those from the south
07:58-East Asia
07:59they brought the morphine base, those who then worked it in the laboratories created in the province of Palermo
08:11and then there were those who sent it to the United States of America.
08:16I remember at the maxi-trial we also had a Chinese defendant, a certain Koba Kin,
08:23who had created a partnership with Mutolo whereby he had the morphine base brought to him from South-East Asia
08:34which then arrived in the laboratories in Palermo, transformed into pure heroin, much sought after by the US market.
08:46And there is also a contact with another criminal organization, with the Marseilles.
08:52Some technicians from Marseille even come to Sicily and teach the art of transforming morphine base into pure heroin.
09:03The first police successes lead to the discovery of the first heroin refineries.
09:09Just think, in Sicily five of them have been discovered and the last one in Contrada Virgini di Alcamo, in the province of Trapani, but
09:17on the border with Palermo,
09:20it is the one that had already reached an exceptional production potential.
09:26A quiet area just three kilometers from Alcamo, Contrada Virgini, is where a very well-equipped heroin refinery is located.
09:33was discovered by the police.
09:35Some time ago, even the trafficking of this substance was put into crisis precisely because of the successes of the forces
09:44of the order.
09:45But Buscetta already tells us that a new era is beginning.
09:51Buscetta even spoke of having contacted the Colombians to exchange heroin for cocaine.
10:05Heroin continued to have a market on the American continent and therefore had to expand into Central America as well.
10:15in South America
10:16It is the cocaine that was supposed to invade Europe by the Colombians.
10:20When Falcone heard of this union, of this contact, of this operational agreement between two entities so strong as to
10:30an organizational point of view,
10:32Sicilian Cosa Nostra and the Colombians on the other,
10:37well, he said, this is the criminal danger we should be dealing with.
10:46There were also some particular shipments, such as the one we remember of an elderly lady,
10:55called Grandma Heroina, who took care of supplying her American relatives with suitcases typical of emigrants,
11:06but inside those attached with a noose, but inside full of heroin.
11:12At Punta Raisi some money was discovered, it was the chief commissioner of the Palermo flying squad,
11:22Boris Giuliano, who opened a suitcase at Palermo airport and found not only hundreds of thousands of dollars
11:31which were the payment for the heroin that had gone to the United States, but also for the T-shirts
11:37which represented an advertisement for a New York pizzeria.
11:44Hence the name Pizza Connection which was given to this large international operation.
11:51who managed to help us discover the entire drug trafficking and, above all, the return of the money.
12:00The return of the money took place through Switzerland, through people external to Cosa Nostra,
12:08so accountants and therefore those who were, knew how to get the capital back.
12:16All this was discovered and was part of the investigation that Falcone and Borsellino later brought into the maxi-trial against the mafia.
12:29A good portion of that process involved this very traffic, Pizza Connection.
12:36The proceeds that have taken the road to Sicily amount to 1 billion and 600 million dollars,
12:43which means a figure not far from 3 thousand billion lire.
12:48A truly curious episode comes to mind.
12:53We were interrogating a collaborator of justice who was not considered very credible.
13:02Then to give strength to his speech he told us
13:08I could get you some money back in Switzerland.
13:13To which we said, well, tell us where, how.
13:17No, I have to be there.
13:21So we organize this expedition and we go to Switzerland with the repentant.
13:27We thought it was a bank, a numbered account,
13:31which actually required his presence in order to withdraw this money.
13:38Instead, to everyone's amazement, especially that of the Swiss policemen who accompanied us,
13:43takes us to the hills of Lugano.
13:46There was a chalet that had been rented to a distant relative of his back in the day.
13:52and tells us to dig.
13:56We dig, at a certain point it happens outside inside a bin a black plastic bag
14:02with hundreds and hundreds of thousands of American dollars inside.
14:07It was the fruit of a Pizza Connection drug deal.
14:13And then we ask the repentant, but why?
14:16Well, they told me the money was safer in Switzerland, so I decided to bring it here.
14:28Investing in drugs means investing in time and profit.
14:35It's money that brings money.
14:37Part of these profits are reinvested in a new drug trafficking ring.
14:45Another part constitutes what is the transformation of a criminal enterprise
14:53in a legal enterprise through investment in legal activities.
14:57The phenomenon of emigration and the massive intervention of Cosa Nostra in drug trafficking
15:06they create an expansion of the organization beyond Sicily, beyond Italy itself
15:15to project itself towards international markets.
15:20I always remember a wiretap we picked up the day the Berlin Wall fell.
15:28when a mafioso who was in Italy speaks with another mafioso who was in West Berlin
15:34and tells him to go to Berlin West immediately.
15:38And he says to him, but what do I have to go to Berlin West for?
15:42To buy. But to buy what?
15:44But to buy discos, pizzerias, hotels, everything, everything, everything you find
15:52he said in a paroxysmal tone.
15:56Well, the organization was already projecting itself towards a huge market on the same day
16:03absolutely unexplored, virgin.
16:07will take advantage of fragile, weak democracies to insert itself more and more in terms of
16:15economic, to conquer new markets and this is the typology of today's mafia,
16:23of the mafia that does business, of the mafia that despite having maintained contact with the territory
16:29who never loses because no one is king without his own territory, but he projects himself towards
16:36the rest of the world, taking advantage of globalization, taking advantage of the fall of borders,
16:46taking advantage of new technologies that allow capital transfers in just a few minutes across all
16:55parts of the world, while we poor investigators who are struggling to chase these
17:02capital we prevent months, sometimes years and often without visible results, precisely because
17:11there is a world of tax havens that opposes the ascertainment of the truth in terms of
17:21of capital.
17:26Cosa Nostra, but also other criminal organizations, such as the 'Ndrangheta, the Camorra,
17:35they are projected all over the world and begin to have a new aspect, in the sense that they are no longer
17:45drug trafficking and that's it, but a sort of multi-traffic, from the point of view
17:51but what do you need?
17:54And I give it to you, in the sense that the requests, the questions, the offer meet on the plane
18:04international between Cosa Nostra and other criminal organizations and the rest of the world.
18:12And then we have trafficking in counterfeit goods, fakes, fake drugs, waste trafficking.
18:27dangerous, human trafficking. Very often these traffics follow identical routes,
18:35in the sense that I also include weapons and drugs in the transportation of human beings. Sometimes
18:44I even use human beings with something truly absurd for the dignity of man,
18:54I use the immigrant as a container for drug capsules which sometimes even cause death
19:04of those who transport them. Well, in this respect they work like a normal criminal enterprise,
19:15have their own perspectives and these organizations become even more dangerous, because
19:23they connect with other criminal powers, with other organizations. Think that the FARC
19:30Colombian terrorist organizations which however are at the basis of the production of narcotics,
19:37had exported a shipment of cocaine to the Spanish terrorist organization.
19:46The Spanish age then exchanged this cocaine for explosive weapons that the Neapolitan Camorra
19:54had purchased from Eastern countries. You see how the panorama is constantly expanding,
20:03these criminal organizations have these relationships and these connections and meanwhile
20:10but they always acquire new power. And then the moment of contrast, the moment of struggle against this
20:22such a large criminal organization can only come from international cooperation
20:31increasingly widespread. We cannot deal with organizations of this kind that commit crimes.
20:39in several countries, the so-called transnational crime because one part is initiated in one country for
20:46then continue to another, a country of production, a country of transit, a country of consumption,
20:52but countries that are sometimes in different parts of our continent.
20:58We have some truly indicative examples. From the port of Gioia Tauro, for example, tons leave
21:09of hazardous waste inside containers, 50 were counted all at once,
21:17headed for Hong Kong and China where they are transformed into plastic materials which then return to us
21:27through tools or through toys that our children hold in their hands.
21:32Well, not only do we supply these dangerous elements to another country, but they come back to us
21:40like a boomerang in our territory, in our Europe. From this perspective we must
21:48to increasingly try to encourage international cooperation through homogeneous laws that
21:57fight these phenomena that have now become so globalized.
22:04In Italy, the Mafia S.P.A. has an estimated turnover of 140-150 billion euros.
22:14By now a mix has been created between the criminal world and legal business, making it difficult
22:25Today we must distinguish how much crime there is even in the legal part of our economy.
22:33There are many fields in which these dirty money investments can be channeled.
22:42One of the fields that is being attacked in Italy is the catering sector which has 5,000 employees.
22:50premises and 16,000 employees. But there are also works of art, wind power, and photovoltaic energy.
22:57And let's not forget online gambling, which has increased by 266%.
23:04And now we can explain why we are no longer able to prosecute on Cosa Nostra territory.
23:12Illegal gambling and betting. It's simple, it's legalized.
23:17But let's not forget that drug trafficking continues to exist.
23:24I remember a very thought-provoking episode. During a drug investigation,
23:33we hear some mafiosi negotiating a drug deal.
23:38It's Saturday afternoon. Conditions are such that payment is required in cash.
23:47of a stratospheric sum. But the Camorristi do not lose heart.
23:54They manage to get that amount of money, even though it's a Saturday, in a very short time.
24:01We will later discover that they had many supermarkets as front men for which on Saturday evenings
24:11they could go and rake in all the cash proceeds.
24:19According to research by the Bank of Italy, money laundering amounts to 10% of the national GDP,
24:27of the Northern Italian GDP. Something like 150 billion euros.
24:33If we add to this the tax evasion which is also calculated by the Guardia di Finanza
24:41in approximately 120 billion euros.
24:45And the cost of corruption in Italy every year is 50-60 billion euros.
24:52we have a total that makes up a third of the Italian underground economy.
25:01Absolutely outside of any possibility of taxation
25:05with a social inequality where only those on a fixed income pay
25:13easily ascertainable.
25:15Since 1982 the Rognoni la Torre law, which established the crime of mafia association
25:28and which allowed the seizure and confiscation of assets, caused difficulty in identifying
25:37the owners of the criminal assets, because already at that time someone like Bagarella was starting to say
25:46that the important thing was to immediately take all the capital, all the money out of Italy,
25:55maybe in Germany, because soon he said they won't even let us smell it.
26:01So the difficulty is that today we no longer find capital, businesses, companies registered in the name of mafiosi,
26:10but only through front men and it is increasingly difficult to find this connection,
26:16especially when the nominees become companies, when they become trustees
26:23and behind which it is difficult to find the real owner.
26:27The repentant Gaspare Mutolo told the Parliamentary Anti-Mafia Commission at the beginning of 1990
26:37"Mr. President, a mafioso would rather be in prison with money than be free without it."
26:50"Mr. President, a mafioso prefers to stay with the money."
27:03"Mr. President, a mafioso prefers to stay with the money."
27:05"Mr. President, a mafioso prefers to stay with the money."
27:55Thanks for watching!
27:58Thank you all!
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