00:03So there are 8 parts of speech in English.
00:07We have nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections.
00:17But in today's video, we're going to discuss nouns.
00:22So what are nouns?
00:23Well, nouns represent people, places, things, and ideas.
00:30There are many different types of nouns that we will discuss in this lesson.
00:35So for example, she is a nice woman.
00:39Woman is the noun.
00:41A woman is a person.
00:43My husband is from Sweden.
00:46In this sentence, we have two nouns.
00:48Husband, which is in the category of people, and Sweden, which is a place.
00:55The dog loves its bone.
00:58In this sentence, we also have two nouns, dog and bone.
01:03Bone is a thing, and a dog is an animal, which is also a noun.
01:08I hope she rests in peace.
01:11Peace is an idea, it's a concept, and that's also a noun.
01:15So let's talk about the different types of nouns.
01:19First, I'm going to review all the different types of nouns, and then we'll talk about them
01:26in more detail.
01:27So first, we have proper nouns.
01:30For example, Jennifer, Miguel, London, Paris, October, Christmas.
01:35We also have common nouns, dog, table, love, teacher, music.
01:41Common nouns are more generic, and proper nouns are more specific.
01:46We also have singular nouns.
01:49Again, you can see that a noun can be more than one type.
01:54Dog is also a singular noun, and it's a common noun.
01:58Table, teacher, friend, church.
02:00And then we have plural nouns, which is more than one thing.
02:04Dogs, tables, teachers, friends, churches.
02:08We have compound nouns, which is when we combine two words to make a noun.
02:14Toothpaste, firefighter, sweatshirt, haircut, seafood.
02:19We also have countable nouns, which are nouns that we can count.
02:23A bag, apple, dollar, cat, cup, box.
02:28We also have uncountable nouns, which are nouns we cannot count.
02:33Rice, money, water, air, love.
02:36We have concrete nouns.
02:39Concrete nouns are things that we can experience with our senses, salt, cookies, blanket, clock.
02:47And we have abstract nouns, which are ideas, things we can't experience with our senses.
02:54Freedom, love, happiness, time.
02:56We have possessive nouns.
03:00We have possessive nouns.
03:00Jake's, Tom's, boys, parents.
03:03And finally, we have collective nouns.
03:06Family, crowd, crew, team, bunch, bouquet.
03:12Okay, so now let's review them in more detail.
03:16First, we're going to compare common nouns and proper nouns.
03:19So common nouns refer to generic things, whereas proper nouns refer to specific things.
03:28We always capitalize proper nouns.
03:31For example, a common noun, we have man, but a proper noun is the name of the man.
03:38Harold, it's always capitalized.
03:41Country is a common noun, but the name of a country, Portugal, is capitalized.
03:47It's a proper noun.
03:48City is a common noun, but the name of the city, Lisbon, is a proper noun.
03:54Doctor, Dr. Smith is capitalized.
03:57It's the name of the doctor.
03:59I have a more in-depth video on common nouns versus proper nouns, which I will link you to
04:05in the description below this video.
04:07Let's look at some sentence examples.
04:10My doctor is very kind.
04:13Is Dr. Smith kind?
04:14You can see when we are referring to the name of the doctor, it's capitalized.
04:20Are you moving to a different city?
04:23Are you moving to Lisbon?
04:25Okay, now let's review singular nouns versus plural nouns.
04:30So singular nouns refer to exactly one person, place, or thing.
04:36Plural nouns refer to more than one of something.
04:40We often just add an S to make a noun plural.
04:43plural, sometimes we add an ES, and sometimes it's irregular.
04:48For example, dog becomes dogs.
04:51Baby becomes babies.
04:54Child becomes children.
04:56Box becomes boxes.
04:59For example, we have a little dog.
05:01Can you help me move this box?
05:04My cousin has three dogs.
05:07We need to fill 20 boxes.
05:09Okay, now let's review countable nouns versus uncountable nouns.
05:15So, countable nouns can be counted.
05:18Uncountable nouns cannot be counted.
05:22For example, a countable noun is glass.
05:25This is a glass.
05:27An uncountable noun is water.
05:29Countable noun is cup.
05:31Uncountable is flour.
05:33We don't say, I need one flour to make a cake.
05:38We would say, I need a cup or two cups of flour.
05:44You can't count flour.
05:46A countable noun is bowl.
05:48Uncountable, rice.
05:49Countable noun, spoon.
05:52Uncountable, salt.
05:53For example, can I have a glass of water or two glasses of water?
05:59We need two cups of flour.
06:01The next one is concrete nouns versus abstract nouns.
06:07So, concrete nouns can be seen, felt, heard, smelled, or tasted.
06:13They are nouns that we can experience with our five senses.
06:18Whereas abstract nouns cannot be seen, felt, heard, smelled, or tasted.
06:24They are like concepts that we cannot actually physically see or touch.
06:29For example, a concrete noun is grandparents.
06:33You can see your grandparents here or your grandparents.
06:36They exist in a physical form.
06:39Clouds, cupcake, blanket.
06:42Whereas abstract nouns are ideas or concepts.
06:46Happiness, peace, freedom, love.
06:49For example, I love my grandparents.
06:52Do you see those dark clouds?
06:54She just wants peace and happiness.
06:57I really value my freedom.
07:00Next, we have possessive nouns.
07:03A possessive noun is a noun that owns something.
07:06For example, these are possessive nouns.
07:09Moms.
07:10Dogs.
07:11Friends.
07:12Parents.
07:13Girls.
07:15So, some of these nouns are plural possessive nouns and some are singular possessive nouns.
07:21I have a very in-depth, detailed video on when to use apostrophe s and when to use s-apostrophe,
07:30which I will link you to in the description below this video.
07:34But the first three, moms, dogs, and friends, are singular possessive nouns.
07:41There is one mom, one dog, one friend.
07:43But here, with parents, an apostrophe, and girls, an apostrophe, they are plural possessive nouns.
07:51This means that, if I said, my parents' dog, there's one dog that belongs to both parents.
07:59Or, the girl's bedroom, there's one bedroom that is shared by two girls.
08:05For example, mom's spaghetti tastes delicious.
08:09The spaghetti belongs to the mom.
08:12In this case, it's the spaghetti that she made, it's her spaghetti.
08:17My dog's bone is missing.
08:19The bone belongs to the dog.
08:22The girl's cat is very cute.
08:24Because we have the apostrophe after the s, that means that the cat belongs to both girls.
08:33My parents' bedroom is upstairs.
08:37Okay, now we have compound nouns.
08:40A compound noun is a noun that is created using two or more words.
08:46Compound nouns may appear as a single word, multiple words, or hyphenated.
08:53For example, seafood.
08:55Sea is one word.
08:57Food is another word.
08:58But combined creates its own word.
09:01Toothpaste.
09:02Ice cream.
09:04Living room.
09:05Brother-in-law.
09:06Brother-in-law.
09:06So you can see some appear as a single word, some as multiple words, and this one is hyphenated.
09:13Can we have some ice cream after dinner?
09:16Dad's hanging out in the living room.
09:18My brother-in-law is a bank manager.
09:21And finally, we have collective nouns.
09:24A collective noun is a group of things.
09:27It usually functions like a singular noun, even though it refers to a group of people or
09:34things.
09:36For example, family, group, team, pack, bouquet.
09:41And if we compare these sentences, her family is from India.
09:47Both families are coming to the party tonight.
09:52You can see that we don't say her family are, even though family is a group of people.
09:59We say family is.
10:01And if we're talking about more than one family, we would say families.
10:07He bought me a bouquet of flowers.
10:10Do you have a pack of gum?
10:14Okay so now we're going to have a quiz.
10:17I want you to identify the nouns in these sentences.
10:21Number one.
10:23Let's grab some snacks at the supermarket.
10:26Number two.
10:27Have you ever considered moving to Europe?
10:30Number three.
10:32I have a meeting in 20 minutes.
10:35Number four.
10:36What time is it?
10:37I think the movie starts soon.
10:40Number five.
10:41My best friend just had a baby.
10:42her name is Tamara.
10:45Okay, so where are the nouns in the first sentence?
10:49We have two nouns.
10:50Let's grab some snacks at the supermarket.
10:54Number two.
10:55Have you ever considered moving to Europe?
10:58We only have one noun in the sentence.
11:00Europe.
11:01Number three.
11:02Three.
11:02I have a meeting in 20 minutes.
11:05Here we have two nouns, meeting and minutes.
11:09Number four.
11:10What time is it?
11:11I think the movie starts soon.
11:13Here we have two nouns, time and movie.
11:16And finally, number five.
11:18My best friend just had a baby.
11:20Her name is Emily.
11:21In these sentences, we have four nouns, friend, baby, name, and Emily.
11:27I'll see you.
11:28Bye.
11:28Bye.
11:28Yahoo!
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