00:00A noun is a word used to name a person, a place, a thing, or an idea.
00:12Nouns can sometimes be singular or plural.
00:19Singular means one.
00:22Plural means more than one.
00:26So, two, three, four, or more.
00:32In general, we form a plural noun by adding the letter S to the end of the noun.
00:43For example, you have one car, but two cars.
00:51There is an S at the end of cars to make it plural.
00:57We have one dog, two dogs.
01:02One book, two books.
01:07One house, two houses.
01:11One apple, two apples.
01:14So, we generally put an S at the end of a noun to make it plural.
01:23Of course, in English, there are always exceptions.
01:29When a noun ends in S, CH, SH, X, or Z or Z, we add the letters ES to the
01:43end of the noun.
01:44So, one bus becomes two buses.
01:51Notice how the last syllable sounds like IS.
02:18Notice how with nouns ending in Z or Z, depending on the pronunciation,
02:24we sometimes double that letter.
02:30When a noun ends in F or FE,
02:34for example, a wolf, ends in an F.
02:39We remove the F or FE part and add V, E, S to the end.
02:48So, one wolf becomes two wolves.
02:55Notice how we need to use the slightly vibrating V, the V, and the S sound like a buzzing Z
03:04sound.
03:08So, we say, one leaf, two leaves.
03:16One wolf, two wolves.
03:20One life, two lives.
03:24One knife, two knives.
03:29Note, there are some exceptions to this rule.
03:33Two exceptions include roof, one roof, and two roofs, or roofs.
03:42And cliff, one cliff, and two cliffs.
03:49A, E, I, O, U.
03:53These are vowels.
03:56B, C, D, F, G, H, J, etc.
04:01These are consonants.
04:05When a noun ends in a vowel plus Y,
04:10we add an S to the end of the noun to make it plural.
04:15For example, day ends in a vowel, the letter A, and the letter Y.
04:24So, the plural of day is days.
04:29We just put an S at the end.
04:32One day, two days.
04:36One key, two keys.
04:41One boy, two boys.
04:45One guy, two guys.
04:49One donkey, two donkeys.
04:54All of these words end in a vowel plus a Y.
04:59So, we just add an S.
05:05But, when a noun ends in a consonant plus a Y,
05:10we remove the Y and add I, E, S.
05:18For example, the noun baby ends in a consonant B and Y.
05:26To form the plural, we need to remove the final Y and then add I, E, S.
05:38So, baby becomes babies.
05:43More examples.
05:45One city, two cities.
05:51One baby, two babies.
05:55One story, two stories.
06:00One party, two parties.
06:05One country, two countries.
06:11When a noun ends in a vowel plus the letter O,
06:16we just add S to the end to make it plural.
06:22Zoo ends in the vowel O,
06:25followed by another O after it.
06:28So, we just add an S at the end.
06:32One zoo, two zoos.
06:36One radio, radio ends in the vowel I plus O.
06:42So, it becomes two radios.
06:46One stereo, two stereos.
06:50One video, two videos.
06:54One kangaroo, two kangaroos.
07:00But, when a noun ends in a consonant plus the letter O,
07:07we need to add E, S.
07:11Hero ends with the consonant R plus O.
07:17So, we add E, S to the end.
07:20One hero, two heroes.
07:25One echo, two echoes.
07:30One tomato, or one tomato, depends on your pronunciation,
07:36becomes two tomatoes, or two tomatoes.
07:40One potato, two potatoes.
07:46Now, there are some exceptions to this rule.
07:50The two most common exceptions are
07:53one piano and two pianos.
07:58We just add an S and not ES.
08:02Another example,
08:03one photo, two photos.
08:07These are exceptions.
08:10There are some nouns that have
08:13very irregular plural nouns
08:17and that don't have an S at the end.
08:21Some common irregular plural nouns are
08:25one man, two men.
08:30One child, two children.
08:35One foot, two feet.
08:40One tooth, two teeth.
08:45One mouse, two mice.
08:50One person, two people.
08:55There are many more irregular plural nouns
08:58and you can see more examples on our website.
09:02There is a link in the description of this video.
09:07Some other irregular plural nouns
09:10are the words that do not change in plural form.
09:15For example, with the word sheep.
09:19We say one sheep and two sheep.
09:23There is no change between the singular and plural form.
09:29We do not say sheeps.
09:32No, there is no S at the end.
09:37One sheep, two sheep.
09:40One deer, two deer.
09:44One fish, two fish.
09:49Yes.
09:54One footprints.
09:57Two footprints, threeío.
10:02Threeothpitch.
10:02One six fish.
10:06Two principles.
10:06One shark.
10:07Two inches.
10:07One wing.
10:07One wing.
10:07One squאל.三
Comments