- 1 day ago
- #brightside
- #brightsideglobal
The speed of light is the ultimate limit of the universe, but what if the Earth could break it? What if our planet rotated faster than 300,000 kilometers per second? In this video, we'll show you the mind-blowing effects of such a scenario and how it would change everything we know about physics, geography, and life.
#brightside #brightsideglobal
TIMESTAMPS:
0:01 What if Earth rotated at the speed of light
08:39 What if Earth's oxygen levels rise to 50%
17:26 What if all clocks in the world stopped
This video is made for entertainment purposes. We do not make any warranties about the completeness, safety and reliability. Any action you take upon the information in this video is strictly at your own risk, and we will not be liable for any damages or losses. It is the viewer's responsibility to use judgement, care and precaution if you plan to replicate.
#brightside #brightsideglobal
TIMESTAMPS:
0:01 What if Earth rotated at the speed of light
08:39 What if Earth's oxygen levels rise to 50%
17:26 What if all clocks in the world stopped
This video is made for entertainment purposes. We do not make any warranties about the completeness, safety and reliability. Any action you take upon the information in this video is strictly at your own risk, and we will not be liable for any damages or losses. It is the viewer's responsibility to use judgement, care and precaution if you plan to replicate.
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FunTranscript
00:00Whoa, something doesn't feel right. Everything seems shaky. It's definitely not an earthquake, and it's actually getting worse.
00:09The clouds seem to move quicker than usual, and the animals are going into a frenzy.
00:13The news anchor pops up on the TV in an alarmed tone and says,
00:18Good morning. We're sorry to interrupt your program. Scientists have just discovered that the Earth's rotation has been fluctuating at
00:25an unusual rate.
00:26A group of specialists believe that the Earth is increasing its rotation with every second, and they don't know why.
00:34Even if the Earth increased its speed by one mile per hour, the day would only get shorter by a
00:39minute and a half or so.
00:41We wouldn't really feel it, and you could go on like nothing is happening.
00:45But as the Earth spins faster, our bodies, which are adjusted to a 24-hour timing, will have a hard
00:51time trying to cope with it.
00:53If you live by the equator, that means the rotation of the Earth is going quicker than at the North
00:58and South Pole.
01:00The area by the equator needs more time in order to complete its full rotation from the starting point.
01:07You'll experience more rain than usual.
01:09The Earth's rotation keeps the weather consistent and balanced so that nothing abnormal happens.
01:15But because the Earth is moving so fast, the weather is acting up.
01:19We'll start to see more storms and more cozy days inside, sipping on hot cocoa.
01:25Even though it seems weird, everyone can go about their day.
01:28But if the Earth picked up some speed and moved at 150 feet per second, the day would be reduced
01:35to only 22 hours.
01:37It kind of makes you feel jet-lagged 24-7.
01:41Every business works with the 24-hours-a-day schedule, so taking away even two hours can have catastrophic effects
01:48on the world economy.
01:49The whole calendar will have to change and adjust to the new timing.
01:54Clock designs will change with the new midnight, replaced with 10 o'clock.
01:58And with each week, the hours will shorten, so there will be no proper way of telling time except by
02:05sunsets and sunrises.
02:07The weather will continue to get worse and worse, feeling like the rain will never stop.
02:13The animals that rely on weather patterns won't know how to function, and mass migrations will occur from almost all
02:20species of animals.
02:22Flocks of birds will be flying everywhere and reach places they normally won't go to, affecting the whole food chain
02:28and ecology.
02:29Woods, jungles, and other places where animals roam are kept in proper balance when unaffected by humans.
02:36If it constantly rains in certain areas, then floods will force animals to move to other territories and compete with
02:43the predators in the area.
02:45If the Earth picked up speed every day, then standing on a scale in the Arctic would tell you you
02:52weigh 180 pounds.
02:54But around the equator, you might weigh about 179 pounds.
02:58That's because of the extra force opposing gravity in that area.
03:02With the Earth spinning faster, all airlines around the world stop, since the radar systems have gone haywire and the
03:10weather is too dangerous to fly.
03:12Everyone has to get around by car.
03:15Satellites are positioned in such a way that it's crucial they remain where they are in order to bounce signals
03:21to us.
03:22Because of what's happening, Wi-Fi and TV signals can't go through.
03:27Communications around the world will end up short and slow, and eventually will have a total communication blackout.
03:34Chips will cease to operate, and global trading will collapse, adding extra damage to the already failing world economy.
03:43Winds will get stronger and faster than usual, which means temperatures will change.
03:49Storms, like hurricanes, will be stronger than ever and have more energy for destruction.
03:54And still, at 100 miles per hour, the equator will now be swallowed up in the water.
04:00The Amazon basin and small islands will now completely submerge in water by around 50 feet.
04:06Most of the plant life will be endangered, especially by the equator.
04:10With woods threatened by floods, more animal environments will be in jeopardy.
04:15The trees and plants won't survive so much flooding.
04:20If the Earth rotated so fast that the hours would now be reduced to 15,
04:25then we'd probably feel like we're always on a jet plane going through turbulence.
04:29It would be impossible to sleep if the Earth kept picking up speed every second of the day.
04:35So days would be around 7 hours long, as well as nights.
04:39The whole world would be flooded, except for the highest points in the tallest mountains.
04:44If that happens, humans will most likely end up there clinging to the last remaining clear patches of land.
04:50Most of the animal life will be extinct as well.
04:54And as the Earth is spinning faster and faster, the crust will lose its durability,
05:00allowing more frequent and stronger earthquakes to happen.
05:04Volcanoes will erupt all over, even if they're submerged in water.
05:08It'll go on like this for quite a while.
05:11Many major natural disasters like earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanoes, and even melting ice sheets
05:17have sped up the speed of the Earth by milliseconds.
05:20So, with the Earth's continuing speed increasing,
05:24these natural disasters will make the planet go even faster.
05:28Even if it's just for milliseconds, it's enough to have major consequences.
05:33The Earth is now spinning at 1,000 miles per hour.
05:37And as you're sitting with the rest of the survivors, you feel yourself levitating slightly.
05:42You'll see tiny pebbles and rocks floating inches from the ground.
05:46The clouds above you are passing like shooting stars.
05:50The air is thick with moisture, since water is rising to the top, forming thick clouds ready to pour.
05:56But since gravity is weaker, some of the rain is suspended in the air.
06:01Many small objects will be floating around as if you were in space.
06:05The days and nights won't be longer than a few hours.
06:08At this point, the whole world will be flooded, and the crust will be 80% gone.
06:15If it goes on any longer, there won't be any living things around,
06:19probably except for microscopic creatures that can withstand extreme and harsh conditions.
06:24The Earth would need to spin at approximately 17,600 miles per hour
06:29to cancel out the gravity for things to start floating around.
06:33At this point, all the water in the ocean will rise and look like reverse rain.
06:38The large mountain rocks will separate from the bedrock and levitate above the ground,
06:44looking like little planets in space.
06:47The Earth is now spinning 17 times faster than usual,
06:51which makes one full rotation around its axis only 84 minutes instead of 24 hours.
06:58If you manage to stay that long, then you'll literally see the days and nights go by in an instant.
07:04You'll also be floating aimlessly in the sky, bumping into rocks and other surfaces.
07:09You won't recognize anything anymore.
07:12The Earth's crust is ripping apart, exposing the magma underneath.
07:16So landing on the ground isn't an option.
07:19You'll see outer space as you go higher and higher.
07:22You won't know how fast you're going,
07:24but all you know is that you're probably the only human left in this spinning world.
07:31The Earth will eventually spin so fast that the rest of the layers will start to peel off,
07:37exposing the Earth's interior.
07:39It'll start to squeeze itself from the core until it becomes similar to a pancake.
07:44Nothing can survive at this point.
07:46So much heat will be produced from the core that the planet will heat up like a microwave.
07:52All the water will disappear, and it'll look like a red dot in the solar system.
07:57And once it starts to approach the speed of light, time will freeze.
08:02The rocks and floating elements won't move and will eventually be distorted.
08:06And with enough effort, the Earth will eventually turn into a black hole.
08:12Of course, nothing like this will ever happen.
08:15According to scientists, Earth will most likely slow down in rotation.
08:19Ever since the Moon came into the picture,
08:21the Earth has been slowing down by around 4 miles per hour every 10 million years or so.
08:27That's because of the Moon's gravitational pull on our little blue planet.
08:32It'll most likely go on that way.
08:34So hey, what's your hurry?
08:39Imagine a planet where every breath you take electrifies your body like a shot of espresso.
08:44The sky above you is an intense shade of blue,
08:47while colossal trees stretch towards the heavens,
08:50their vibrant green leaves growing at an astonishing rate.
08:54Daily exercise becomes a thrill like no other.
08:57With the abundance of oxygen, you become a supercharged version of yourself.
09:02Running feels effortless as you dart across the landscape,
09:06lifting weights that would normally seem impossible.
09:08It's as if the world itself is infused with a surge of energy.
09:12Everything is moving faster.
09:14The wildlife surrounding you is equally affected by this oxygen overload.
09:19Animals roam the land in majestic proportions.
09:22Their massive frames are propelled by speed and agility.
09:25Picture yourself in a pulse-pounding chase with an oxygen-charged cheetah,
09:29racing against a predator that could put a Ferrari to shame.
09:33Now you may wonder how such a wild scenario could ever be possible.
09:38Well, let's see.
09:40Oxygen is the powerful fuel that keeps life going.
09:43It makes up about 21% of the air we breathe,
09:46and every breath we take delivers these tiny molecules to our cells,
09:51giving them the energy they need to thrive.
09:54Without oxygen, our cells would struggle,
09:56and our bodies would fall apart.
09:58But that's not all.
10:00Oxygen is a superstar that works for all kinds of living things,
10:04from tiny bacteria to giant elephants.
10:07It's even important underwater, where it enriches the oceans.
10:11Amazing creatures like plankton and algae produce lots of oxygen,
10:14creating a thriving underwater world.
10:17But to fully understand the impact of high oxygen levels on the planet,
10:21prepare for a journey back in time.
10:24Recently, scientists have made an astonishing discovery.
10:28They tested rocks from two different places that were really far apart.
10:32And can you believe it?
10:34These rocks held tiny pockets of gas that showed how oxygen levels shot up by almost a third in a
10:39very short time.
10:40It was like a breath of fresh air.
10:42So they studied these rocks and found that oxygen levels back then were much higher.
10:47Imagine lush landscapes, towering forests, and gigantic swamps that stretched as far as you could see.
10:54During the Carboniferous period, oxygen ruled the atmosphere at an impressive 20%, just like today.
11:00But over the next 50 million years, its levels shot up to a crazy 35%.
11:06Can you imagine what that did?
11:08As oxygen surged, something incredible happened.
11:12Huge forests grew all over the land, creating a breathtaking green world.
11:17And massive swamps took over low-lying areas, making the landscape look surreal and otherworldly.
11:23At the same time, carbon dioxide levels dropped.
11:26Normally, when things break down, microbes release carbon dioxide into the air.
11:31This gas acts like a warm blanket, trapping the sun's heat and raising temperatures.
11:36But in the mysterious swamps where these giant plants were buried, the microbes couldn't do their job.
11:42The result?
11:43The planet got really cold.
11:45Who would have thought that a breath of fresh air could have such power?
11:49The scientists are still trying to figure out why this happened.
11:52But one thing is certain.
11:54It wasn't just happening in one place.
11:56It was a worldwide phenomenon.
11:58It was like the planet was playing a funny game with the climate.
12:01But let's go even earlier.
12:03We see the first North American dinosaurs making their grand entrance.
12:07High oxygen levels are what gave a big boost to the rise of mighty dinosaurs in North America and beyond.
12:13Picture tropics filled with the magnificent giant creatures.
12:16Obviously, dinosaurs didn't just appear out of nowhere.
12:19They took advantage of a changing environment that was perfect for their evolution.
12:24Oxygen levels played a huge part in this dinosaur party.
12:27As oxygen levels rose, so did the size of these incredible creatures.
12:31They started small with predators like chindasaurus.
12:34And soon after, huge dinosaurs like sauropods took over the land.
12:38Then, 65 million years ago, dinosaurs disappeared and mammals took over.
12:43And here's the interesting part.
12:45Mammals never grew as big as dinosaurs.
12:48So what's the explanation for this?
12:52Mammals, and humans are mammals too by the way, are special because we can regulate our body temperature.
12:58But that comes at a cost.
13:00We need a lot of energy to stay warm compared to reptiles and dinosaurs.
13:04Dinosaurs didn't bother with temperature control, so they could focus on growing big.
13:08The biggest dinosaurs were 10 times larger than the largest mammals.
13:13It's like a game of, anything you can do, I can do 10 times bigger.
13:17Dinosaurs might have had similar limitations with their sizes, but those were much less strict.
13:23Before the dinosaurs' extinction, mammals were very small.
13:27Many mammal species disappeared along with the dinosaurs.
13:30But survivors took advantage of the open ecosystem and rapidly diversified into various body sizes.
13:36However, after 42 million years of growth, mammals reached a size plateau.
13:43This happened on all continents, most likely because of the temperature and land area.
13:48Colder environments allowed mammals to grow larger.
13:50Balancing body size and heat became challenging.
13:54Land area also played a role in sustaining big populations.
13:58But making animals bigger isn't the only thing high oxygen can do.
14:03This humble gas is a true jack-of-all-trades.
14:06It also acts as our loyal bodyguard, protecting us from harmful UV rays and other dangers from space.
14:13Without oxygen, we would be defenseless against space threats.
14:17Oxygen also has a fascinating role in shaping the weather.
14:20It teams up with its other atmospheric buddies to make the sky go wild with tornadoes, hurricanes, and thunderstorms.
14:26They mix and mingle in the air, creating just the right conditions for these exciting weather adventures to happen.
14:32And these adventures can be dangerous, but they serve an important purpose.
14:36They help distribute nutrients and organic matter, carrying soil, leaves, and debris to new places.
14:43So what if we decided to mess with nature and crank up the oxygen levels to crazy heights, 30%, 40%,
14:50or even 50%?
14:52Well, too much of a good thing can become dangerous.
14:56Oxygen toxicity is when too much of this gas causes big problems.
15:01It's like eating loads of candy.
15:03It's fun at first, but soon enough you'll regret it.
15:07Surprisingly, an overdose of oxygen can leave you struggling for breath, like a tired dancer in desperate need of a
15:13break.
15:13At first, you might feel a burst of energy, but it doesn't last.
15:18Dizziness sets in, as if you've been spinning on the dance floor for hours without stopping.
15:23In extreme cases, too much oxygen can even harm your body, making you feel like you've crashed into a huge
15:29truck.
15:30So, while oxygen is always with us, giving us life, it's important to appreciate its delicate balance.
15:37Don't put on your special breathing gear.
15:41Also, we wouldn't be the only creatures to suffer from this oxygen extravaganza.
15:47Mammals, for example, will struggle to adapt to these extreme levels.
15:51The balance of power among species will change drastically,
15:54and winners and losers will fight for survival in a world that's spinning out of control.
15:59And we'll need stronger shelters to deal with these gigantic animals.
16:03We'll have to stay nimble and avoid danger.
16:05Amidst all the chaos, there will be astonishing adaptations.
16:10Birds will fly higher than ever before, reaching heights that would amaze even the clouds.
16:15Also, get ready for more natural disasters and delicate ecosystems hanging in the balance.
16:21Fires will start quickly and rage fiercely, making wildfires a constant threat.
16:26Even a small spark from a campfire could cause disaster.
16:30We'll need to rethink our cooking and heating methods to stay safe in this oxygen-filled world.
16:37But let's not forget the other side of the oxygen story.
16:40If we had a planet with low oxygen, only around 15%, we would face a completely different struggle.
16:47Every breath would be difficult, leaving us tired and struggling for air.
16:51Physical activity would become extremely hard, and our memory and focus would suffer.
16:55So let's be grateful for the oxygen levels we have now.
16:59They're the perfect balance for us to thrive.
17:02In this exhilarating journey through an oxygen-rich world, we've experienced breathtaking wonders and discovered the delicate balance of our
17:10planet.
17:11Let's cherish the magic in every breath, respect the interplay of oxygen and life,
17:17and embrace the thrill of this remarkable ride called life.
17:23Hey, if I said, what time is it?
17:26You'd probably look at your phone, laptop screen, or wristwatch to find out.
17:31But how do these devices know the time?
17:34In your devices, the time is set automatically by the program.
17:38But how does this program know the exact time?
17:42People set up wristwatches before the sale.
17:45But then, how do these people know the time?
17:48Does anybody really know what time it is?
17:51Hey, there's a song there.
17:53Anyway, how do we determine this time?
17:56And what happens if all the clocks in the world stop?
18:00Wait a minute.
18:01Or longer.
18:03So, welcome to the National Physical Laboratory in southwest London.
18:08Here you can find some of the world's most famous atomic clocks called hydrogen masers.
18:13There are about 400 such devices around the world.
18:16And they help the whole planet navigate through time.
18:20All modern technologies, satellites, operating systems, GPS, flight and train schedules,
18:27and the TV program on your screen are guided by the atomic clock.
18:33And here's how they work.
18:35Imagine a pendulum.
18:36It swings from one side to the other.
18:39One swing from left to right, or vice versa,
18:42is a period of time equal to one second.
18:45The pendulum is not very accurate, since it's not constant.
18:50Its movement may slow down or accelerate.
18:53In atomic clocks, atoms do the function of a pendulum.
18:56When they're exposed to microwave radiation, they begin to fluctuate.
19:01About 9 billion fluctuations are equal to one second.
19:05Don't believe me?
19:06Hey, count them yourself.
19:08The vibrations of atoms are precise and unchangeable.
19:12These clocks are not lagging behind and not accelerating.
19:16The error in such a clock can be one second once every 10 million years.
19:21Now, I can't wait around that long, so I'll take my word for it.
19:26Atomic clocks guide all modern technologies and communication satellites.
19:31And now, let's imagine that, for some reason, they stop working.
19:36Atoms no longer react to microwaves.
19:39After them, quartz watches and all electronic ones stop.
19:43Your phone no longer shows the time.
19:46And the arrival times of flights disappears on the information board at the airport.
19:51At this moment, all dispatchers contact the pilots and ask them to land urgently at the nearest airports.
19:59Further flights become impossible.
20:01There are too many planes in the sky.
20:03If several start taking off and landing at once at the same airport, it can lead to a disaster.
20:10Dispatchers wouldn't create the correct schedule without clocks.
20:15The same goes for all trains.
20:17Train stations can no longer coordinate trips and make switches on railway tracks.
20:22This system is too complex and can only work with a precise time.
20:27The world is beginning to plunge into complete chaos.
20:31The banking system is collapsing.
20:34Brokers don't transfer money to clients' accounts on time.
20:37People can't get their salaries on schedule.
20:40Imagine you promise to send a presentation to a client tomorrow at 2 p.m.
20:45and expect to get paid for it.
20:47The next day, you don't know what time it is.
20:50And send the presentation to the client two hours later.
20:54They don't get the file on time.
20:56And the deal falls apart.
20:59At large plants and factories, the schedule of the day gets down.
21:03People don't give out the necessary volume of production.
21:07Imagine some factory produces two tons of processed steel in exactly eight hours.
21:12But the rhythm of work is disrupted, and this reduces the volume.
21:18Next, the steel should go to the ship.
21:20However, the ship's schedules are no longer working either.
21:23And this applies to all materials in general.
21:27Wood, electrical carriers, oil, and metals.
21:30Logistic chains collapse because of the stopping of the clock.
21:34There's an economic crisis and panic in the world.
21:37The exchange closes and opens every day at different times.
21:42Shareholders and investors are losing a lot of money.
21:46Some say that the clock, not the steam engine,
21:49was the most important mechanism for the Industrial Revolution.
21:53Steam engines powered cars and ships,
21:56but they couldn't synchronize the work of many people.
22:00Under such conditions, you stop rushing anywhere.
22:03But so do all the other people.
22:05You can come to the supermarket,
22:08and it will be closed because its owner overslept.
22:11But then, when its door is open,
22:14you'll find that there are almost no goods there.
22:17Ships, trains, and trucks couldn't deliver fruits, breads, and vegetables
22:21because they couldn't agree on the time.
22:25Many will leave big cities,
22:27as it'll be challenging to live there without clocks.
22:31The age of high technology has ended.
22:33TV channels stopped working
22:36because some employees were late and didn't start the broadcast.
22:39The channel host came before the operator.
22:42But the sound engineer is still sleeping
22:45because the alarm clock doesn't know what time it is.
22:50To stop the chaos, two things need to be done.
22:54The first is to accept that the former high-tech life will no longer exist.
22:59The second thing is to take an example from our ancestors.
23:03People live for thousands of years without knowing the exact time.
23:07It has been necessary only since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution.
23:11Before that, people were guided by the sun,
23:15the rooster singing,
23:16and the internal biological clock.
23:19For hundreds of thousands of years,
23:22humans used to go to bed at night and wake up in the morning.
23:25But with the invention of the light bulb,
23:28this order was violated.
23:29The Industrial Era forced humanity to focus
23:33not on the internal clock,
23:35but on the opening time of factories and plants.
23:38Then, TV, the Internet, and video games were invented.
23:42And the sleep mode established by evolution changed.
23:46But in a world without counting time,
23:49people will forget about alarm clocks again
23:52and start improving their sleep.
23:54There will be a sundial in every house.
23:57The shadow will guide humanity.
24:00Hourglasses of various shapes and sizes
24:02will be popular again in the world.
24:05Sooner or later,
24:06we will have returned to some landmark in time
24:09as it was in the past.
24:11For example, in the 19th century,
24:13people used hundreds of different time standards.
24:17Railway schedules and buses determined each of them.
24:20When the number of routes increased,
24:22people started sticking to the same time
24:24that was sent in Greenwich, UK.
24:27There was a big mechanical clock
24:29that guided the whole country.
24:31Greenwich Mean Time, or GMT,
24:33Merchants, factory directors, and bankers
24:36adjusted their watches according to GMT.
24:39When all UK trains were timed,
24:42the GMT signal was sent across the Atlantic
24:45via an underwater cable
24:46straight to Harvard in Massachusetts.
24:49Then, at a special conference in Washington, D.C.,
24:53more than 25 countries recognized Greenwich
24:56as the international time standard.
24:59Everything was fine.
25:01The technology worked synchronously worldwide.
25:04But the problem started.
25:06After 10 years,
25:08scientists realized that the world needed new clocks.
25:11It turned out that the Greenwich clock was inaccurate
25:14because it was based on the time our planet spent
25:17to make one spin around its axis.
25:20In the 20th century,
25:22people learned that Earth changed its rotation speed
25:24over the years.
25:26It accelerates or slows down
25:28because of the gravitational influence
25:31of the Moon, the Sun, and other planets,
25:33and because of geological fluctuations
25:36inside the Earth's core.
25:38Scientists calculated that in 1900,
25:41the Earth rotated 4 milliseconds slower
25:43than at the end of the 21st century.
25:46Yes, there are people who watch this kind of stuff.
25:50Therefore, people began to develop
25:52other, more accurate clocks.
25:54Atomic ones that we still use.
25:57But the strangest thing
25:58is that even these clocks
26:00don't work in the way people need.
26:02Their main problem is excessive accuracy.
26:05Earth doesn't constantly rotate the same way,
26:08so workers sometimes add additional seconds
26:10to the atomic clock or subtract them.
26:13And here's why.
26:15Ordinary clocks are based on the rotation of our planet.
26:18When the time on such a clock shows morning,
26:21it's also morning outside.
26:23When the clock shows the late hour,
26:25it's dark outside.
26:27You with me?
26:28Our planet doesn't rotate at a constant speed,
26:31and the atomic clock is perfectly stable.
26:35If the world always worked based on these clocks,
26:38then time would sooner or later
26:40deviate from the actual day and night.
26:44At some point,
26:45the sun would begin to rise at 6 p.m.,
26:48and sunset would start by 7 a.m.
26:51To prevent this,
26:53time keepers changed the time
26:55on atomic clocks slightly.
26:57All of this is necessary
26:58to preserve the usual things for people,
27:01so that the morning hour on the clock
27:03and the street coincide.
27:05Well, it's time for me
27:07to make like an atom and split.
27:10Ha!
27:10Ha!
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