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00:27Hello and welcome to
00:29University Challenge. Tonight, two more teams will go head to head for a spot in the second
00:33round of this competition. The winners of tonight's match will join the 10 teams that
00:37have already made the cut, while the losers will need a score of at least 145 points if they want
00:43a chance at coming back as well. Early proposals to establish a university in Durham were made by
00:49Henry VIII and later Oliver Cromwell, but it wasn't until 1832 when the city's bishop began donating
00:54his money, books and eventually his residence of Durham Castle that the modern institution began
01:00to take shape. Since then, it's produced a number of distinguished alumni, including George Alagaya,
01:05Mo Molem and the winners of our 2024 Christmas series. It's also been very successful in this
01:10version of the competition, lifting the trophy three times, most recently in 2023. Let's meet
01:16the team representing Durham this year. Hello, I'm Kasper Chatham. I'm originally from Camden
01:21in North London and I'm studying English Literature. Hiya, I'm Tom Hayes Mathos. I'm originally from
01:27Worthing in West Sussex and I'm studying Philosophy, Politics and Economics. And their captain.
01:32Hi, I'm Amelia Rees. I'm originally from Hammersmith, West London and I'm studying Chemistry.
01:38Hi, I'm James Gowers. I'm from Beaconsfield in Buckinghamshire and I'm reading History.
01:43APPLAUSE
01:47Founded by Walter de Merton in the 1260s, Merton College is one of three that claim to be Oxford's
01:53oldest and was the first established with its own statutes and endowment. Its grounds house the
01:59world's oldest continuously functioning academic library and with a home during the Civil War of
02:03Henrietta Maria, despite the college initially being the only one to side with Parliament.
02:08Merton has won this competition once in 1980 and finished second once in 2018. And its notable
02:14former students include Irene Tracey, Andrew Wiles and Emperor Naruhito. Let's meet the team
02:19playing on its behalf tonight.
02:22Hi, I'm Kieran Duncan. I'm from High Wycombe and I'm doing a PhD in English Literature.
02:28Hi, I'm Evelyn Ong. I'm from Singapore and I'm studying for an undergraduate degree in
02:32Mathematics and Philosophy.
02:33And their captain.
02:34Hi, I'm Elliot Cosnett. I'm from Hatton in Warwickshire and I'm studying for an undergraduate
02:38degree in History.
02:40Hi, I'm Verity Fleetwood Law. I'm from Amersham in Buckinghamshire and I'm studying English
02:45and French.
02:46APPLAUSE
02:50Welcome to University Challenge. Remember how the rules work?
02:53Yeah.
02:54All right, let's do it. Fingers on buzzers. Here's your first starter for ten. Good luck.
02:57What surname is shared by all of the following Americans?
03:00The founding father who authored the Connecticut Compromise that provided the system of representation
03:05of the US Congress. The artist who created the photographic series Untitled Film Stills from 1977 to 1980.
03:13The songwriter Brothers, whose work includes the songs for several Disney films, including
03:17Mary Poppins and a general of the American Civil War.
03:21Durham Garth.
03:23Sherman.
03:23Yes, as in Roger, Cindy, Robert and Richard and William T. Sherman.
03:28Your bonuses, Durham, are on films set during the Second World War.
03:32Which 1988 Studio Ghibli film opens with an American air raid on the city of Kobe?
03:37Directed by Isaiyo Takahata, this was the first of Studio Ghibli's feature films not to be directed by Hayao Miyazaki.
03:44Any ideas?
03:45I've no idea.
03:46My friend's...
03:47What's that one called?
03:47No, well, no, it's not any of those. I don't think it's any of these.
03:50Pass.
03:51Pass. Grave of the Fireflies.
03:53Which 1985 Soviet film directed by LM Klimov follows a teenage boy's experiences of the
03:59horrors of the Nazi occupation of Belarus?
04:01Come and see.
04:02Its three-word title is taken from the Book of Revelation, an invitation to look upon the
04:06destruction caused by the four horsemen of the apocalypse.
04:09Come and see.
04:10Correct.
04:11Which 2017 Christopher Nolan film is split between three overlapping timelines, each covering
04:17an hour, a day, and a week for a pilot, civilian, and stranded soldier?
04:20Dunkirk, respectively, leading up to a mass evacuation.
04:24Dunkirk.
04:25It is indeed, yeah.
04:25Let's start the question.
04:26In which collection of epic poems compiled by Elias Lernrout in the 19th century from
04:32oral folklore and mythology...
04:34Martin Ong.
04:35Kalevala.
04:36Well done, it is indeed, yes.
04:38Your bonuses are on tennis courts named after notable players.
04:42In August 2024, the Lawn Tennis Association announced plans to name the centre court of
04:47which English tennis club after Andy Murray?
04:50This club hosts a men's grass court tournament each year just before Wimbledon and a women's
04:54one from 2025.
04:56Queens.
04:56Yes.
04:57The centre court at the Roland Garros Stadium is named after which former player and president
05:01of the International Tennis Federation who in 1988 succeeded in reintroducing tennis as
05:07a full medal sport at the Olympics after an absence of 64 years?
05:11Nominate Duncan.
05:12Philippe Chatrier.
05:13Yes.
05:14The main stadium at the Billie Jean King National Tennis Centre is named after which American
05:18player who became the first black man to win singles titles at the US Open, the Australian
05:22Open, and Wimbledon?
05:24Arthur Ashe.
05:25Arthur Ashe.
05:25It is indeed.
05:26I'll start with a question.
05:28In mathematics, what word has all of the following definitions?
05:33A vertex of a graph that belongs to the shortest path between each pair of three given vertices,
05:39a straight line which connects the vertex of a triangle to the midpoint of the opposite
05:44side, and the middle value in an ordered data...
05:47Merton on.
05:49Median.
05:49It is median.
05:50Well done.
05:51Your bonuses are three questions on an artist.
05:54Which artist, born in Honfleur in 1824, was nicknamed King of the Skies by Camille Corot?
06:01Regarded as a link between Corot and the Impressionists, he was an early advocate of painting on plan
06:06air and produced hundreds of sky and sea studies.
06:10Do you think this would be Pizzarol?
06:12Yeah.
06:12That was the name that came to mind for me.
06:15Pizzarol?
06:15No, that was Eugène Boudin.
06:17Which French poet, also known for his art criticism, was an early advocate of Boudin's
06:22work, describing his paintings as prodigious spells of air and water, and comparing them
06:27to a heady drink or the eloquence of opium.
06:30Baudelaire?
06:31Baudelaire would have been...
06:32Baudelaire?
06:33That sounds like Baudelaire, yes.
06:35Quote,
06:35If I become a painter, it is entirely due to Eugène Boudin.
06:39Those are the words of which Impressionist, who met Boudin aged 17 in his hometown of L'Ave
06:45and was mentored by him?
06:47I don't know if this could be Monet.
06:48Was it really be Monet?
06:49Wasn't he Eugène Boudin?
06:50I don't know if it was...
06:52He lived in...
06:52I don't know if it was...
06:53Monet, yeah?
06:54Monet?
06:55Yes.
06:55Well done.
06:56Let's start the question.
06:58For your picture starter, you're going to see a map of a part of the UK on which a number
07:02of museums associated with a certain writer have been marked.
07:07For ten points, I need you to name the writer.
07:11William Wordsworth?
07:12It is indeed, yes.
07:14Following on your picture starter, which showed the locations of various museums, houses
07:18and exhibitions dedicated to William Wordsworth, your bonuses will be three more maps indicating
07:23the locations of museums and centres dedicated to authors.
07:26Again, in each case, I need the name of the author.
07:30First, this author.
07:31Oh, so that's London.
07:33That's going to be what?
07:34Essex.
07:35What's that?
07:36That's...
07:37Is this going to be Austin?
07:39Is that Hampshire?
07:40Yeah.
07:40Is this Jane Austen?
07:42Jane Austen?
07:43No, that's Charles Dickens.
07:44And one of those is Portsmouth, where he was born.
07:46Secondly, this 18th century writer.
07:48And then that's 18th century.
07:51Staffordshire.
07:52Who's from Staffordshire?
07:53Henry Fielding or Samuel Richardson?
07:55Samuel Richardson?
07:57I don't know.
07:58Richardson.
07:59No, that's Samuel Johnson.
08:00It is Staffordshire.
08:01That's Litchfield, which is where he was born.
08:03Finally, this author.
08:04What's that one?
08:05Thomas...
08:06Thomas Hardy?
08:07Is that sort of Dorset?
08:07Yeah, that is...
08:09Hardy's...
08:09Maybe?
08:10I don't know.
08:10I don't know.
08:12What's that one?
08:13What's that one?
08:13I don't know.
08:14West.
08:15That's not how...
08:16Hardy?
08:18No, that's Jane Austen.
08:19One of those is Bath, which is where the Jane Austen centre is.
08:21No, it's Austen.
08:22Another start of the question.
08:24Which 19th century fictional character has been described by Margaret Atwood as one of my favourite bad women?
08:30She is wicked and she enjoys being wicked.
08:32And she does it for her own profit.
08:36Becky Sharp.
08:37Well done.
08:37It is indeed Becky Sharp.
08:39So I'm going to be fair, of course.
08:41Three questions for you, Durham, on fish that are native to South America.
08:46Fractocephalus haemioleopterus is the red-tailed species of which large bottom-dwelling fish, so named because of its oversized whisker
08:53-like barbels that it uses to navigate and locate prey?
08:56Catfish.
08:57Yes.
08:58Originating in a Tupi language, what name is used in Portuguese for the fish also known as the Arapaima or
09:04Paiche, an extremely large predatory fish of the Amazon basin that can grow to more than 200 kilograms?
09:11No, no, no, no.
09:12Is the name in Portuguese?
09:13Yeah.
09:14I don't know.
09:15Pass.
09:16Yeah.
09:16Pass.
09:16Piraruku.
09:18Neon, glow light and head and tail light are species of which small fish of the carcin family, prized as
09:26aquarium species for their iridescent skin tones?
09:29It's not clown fish.
09:31Iridescent.
09:31Iridescent.
09:32Little fish?
09:33No, I don't think they are.
09:35Could be like...
09:36There's a prized aquarium fish.
09:37A goldfish cannot be that sharp for an aquarium fish.
09:40Goldfish.
09:41Yeah.
09:41Goldfish.
09:42No, it's tetra.
09:44Let's start the question.
09:45Dating to the 6th century and associated with the early Anglo-Saxon Queen Bertha, the Church of St Martin forms
09:52a UNESCO World Heritage Site along with Witch Cathedral and the nearby St Augustine's Abbey.
09:58Rebuilt by Archbishop Lan Frank from 1070, it is the cathedral referenced in the title of T.S. Eliot's verse
10:04drama Murder in the Cathedral.
10:07Durham Chatham.
10:08Is it Winchester Cathedral?
10:09No.
10:10You can have a bit more time.
10:11You may not confer.
10:12Martin Fleetwood Law.
10:14Canterbury Cathedral?
10:15It is Canterbury Cathedral, yes.
10:16Well done.
10:17Your bonus is, Merton, on thinkers associated with the Frankfurt School.
10:22Five points for each person that you can identify.
10:24First, a philosopher and social theorist whose 1951 aphoristic work Minima Moralia was written after he left Nazi Germany for
10:32Oxford and later America.
10:33He co-authored the 1947 book Dialectic of Enlightenment with Max Horkheimer.
10:38Adorno.
10:39Yes.
10:39Secondly, a philosopher and political theorist who advocated for a great refusal of commercial society and whose works include Eros
10:46and Civilization and One Dimensional Man.
10:49Marcus.
10:51Yes.
10:51Finally, a philosopher and cultural critic who died in 1940 on the French-Spanish border while fleeing the Nazis and
10:57whose works include the essay, The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction.
11:01Walter Benjamin.
11:02Walter Benjamin.
11:03It is indeed.
11:03Let's start with the question.
11:05This is a quote.
11:07There is nothing, only warm, primordial blackness.
11:10These are the first words spoken by the ancient reptilian brain...
11:14Merton Cosmit.
11:15Disco Elysium.
11:16Well done.
11:17It is indeed.
11:18Your bonuses, Merton, are on turbans in history.
11:21A series of peasant revolts led by Taoist faith healer Zhang Zui, the Yellow Turbans Rebellion was one of the
11:28contributing factors to the downfall of which dynasty of China?
11:32So this is War of the Three Kingdoms, I think.
11:35I think it's...
11:35I think it's the...
11:36I think it's the Yuan.
11:37Okay, I'll know.
11:39Oh, no, no.
11:39Try Han then.
11:40Han?
11:40Yes.
11:41The Dastar turban, an important part of Sikh identity, became a crucial part of Sikh dress to cover uncut hair,
11:48known as Kez, one of the five Ks set out by which guru, the tenth and last of the human
11:53gurus.
11:54I need at least a two-word answer.
11:57Is this...
11:58It's not Guru Nanak.
12:00It's not Guru Nanak.
12:01No, he's the first one.
12:03Guru Gobind Singh is in the book.
12:04I don't know who to do.
12:04I don't know who the tenth one is.
12:06No idea.
12:07Pass.
12:08It's Guru Gobind Singh.
12:09Bad luck.
12:09I'm so sorry.
12:10Believed to be either a self-portrait or a portrait of the artist's father-in-law, a 1433 painting titled
12:16A Man in a Turban is by which Flemish painter?
12:19Jan van Eyck.
12:20It is indeed, yeah.
12:21Start the question.
12:22What surname links all the following?
12:25The Jamaican-American author of novels including Abeng and No Telephone to Heaven,
12:29the ska and reggae musician whose singles include The Harder They Come and the British ceramic artist who developed...
12:36Durham Chatham Cliff.
12:37It is indeed.
12:40Durham, your bonuses are questions on works of literature that the poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge considered to have, quote,
12:46the most perfect plots ever planned.
12:49Name each from the description.
12:50First, a play by Ben Johnson in which con artists Face, Subtle and Dole Common attempt to exploit a series
12:57of gullible clients,
12:58including Sir Epicure Mammon, who seeks the secret of the Philosopher's Stone.
13:03Any ideas?
13:04I actually have no idea.
13:06Volpone?
13:07Volpone?
13:08Yeah, Volpone.
13:09Nominate Hanes Matos.
13:11Volpone?
13:11No, it's The Alchemist.
13:13Next, a tragedy by the ancient Athenian playwright Sophocles, the titular ruler of Thebes, attempts to free the city of
13:19plague as per a Delphic prophecy,
13:22by bringing to justice the unknown killer of the previous king, Laos.
13:26Oh, dear.
13:29Sophocles.
13:30Sophocles.
13:30Sophocles, please.
13:31Oh, I don't know.
13:32Uh, Laocoon?
13:34I don't know.
13:34I think it is.
13:35Laocoon.
13:36Laocoon, yeah.
13:37That's Oedipus Rex.
13:38Oh, of course.
13:39Yeah.
13:40And finally, an English picaresque novel first published in 1749 and adapted into a film of 1963 starring Albert Finney
13:48that won the Oscar for Best Picture.
13:52Picaresque novel.
13:53149.
13:54Are we, um...
13:55Is it by Daniel Defoe?
13:56It's not more Flanders.
13:58It could be...
13:58Could you say Gover's Travel?
14:00No, no.
14:00Robinson Crusoe.
14:01Yeah, Gover's.
14:02Robinson Crusoe?
14:04No.
14:05No.
14:05It's the history of Tom Jones.
14:07I'll start a question.
14:09In biochemistry, what chemical element can replace sulphur in cysteine to form a distinct proteinogenic amino acid?
14:16It was discovered in 1817 by Jons Jakob Berzelius and given its name due to its similarity to the then
14:22recently discovered element tellurium.
14:25It's self-named...
14:28No, I'm afraid you lose five points.
14:31It's self-named after the earth.
14:34Merton On.
14:35Iridium.
14:36No, it's selenium named after the moon.
14:39Right, now let's start the question.
14:39What Greek-derived adjective is used to describe both a harp that is played using only the wind and...
14:47Merton Duncan.
14:48Aeolin.
14:49Well done.
14:49It is indeed.
14:51Three questions for you, Merton, on inorganic compounds.
14:56E508 is a designation for what metallic chloride?
14:59It is a food additive used as a gelling agent and as a substitute for table salt where sodium is
15:05to be avoided.
15:05Is it like iodine chloride?
15:07No, it would be metallic.
15:09No, it would be metallic.
15:10Potassium chloride.
15:11Potassium maybe, yeah.
15:12Potassium chloride?
15:13Yes.
15:14In 1825, the Danish scientist Ørsted first produced a crude form of what metal by heating its chloride with potassium
15:21amalgam?
15:22The chloride of this metal is also a widely used catalyst in Friedel-Kraft's reactions.
15:27Oh, so this would be like either aluminium or iron?
15:30I think aluminium sounds good.
15:32Aluminium.
15:33Aluminium?
15:34Yes.
15:34Yes.
15:35Nigari is a coagulant used in the manufacture of tofu, obtained by removing sodium chloride and calcium sulphate from seawater.
15:42The main active ingredient in what remains is a chloride of which group 2 metal with atomic number 12?
15:49So it would just be after sodium is magnesium, so magnesium.
15:53Magnesium?
15:54Well worked out.
15:55It is indeed.
15:56Music round now.
15:57For your music starter, you're going to hear a piece of music from the 1980s.
16:01For ten points, I need you to name the band performing.
16:04And how old are you?
16:07Why you only know?
16:11Should you be?
16:13Merton Fleetwood Law.
16:14The Clash?
16:15No, you can hear a bit more, Durham.
16:16You can't confer.
16:17You may not confer.
16:23Durham Haynes metals.
16:24The Stranglers.
16:25No, that was the Happy Mondays.
16:27We will take your music bonuses in a moment.
16:29Another starter question now.
16:31What six letter adjective is this?
16:33One of those used in the traditional rhyme, Monday's Child, to describe someone born on the Sabbath day.
16:39It also appears in the title of a comic play of 1941, adapted into a 1945 film of the same
16:46name,
16:47in which the novelist Charles Condamine organises a seance at his home, led by...
16:52Martin Duncan.
16:54Blythe.
16:55It is Blythe, yes.
16:55For your music starter, you heard Happy Mondays 24 Hour Party People,
17:00which lends its name to a 2002 film that charts the rise of the band's label Factory Records.
17:05For your bonuses, Merton, three more tracks that lend their titles to biopics about their respective artists.
17:11In each case, it's the artist's name I want.
17:15First.
17:16Sex and drugs and rock and roll.
17:20Sex and drugs and rock and roll.
17:22It doesn't smell.
17:23It doesn't smell.
17:24It doesn't smell.
17:25I have no idea.
17:27Pass.
17:28That couldn't be more by Ian Dury and the Blockheads.
17:32Secondly.
17:33My daddy worked all night in the band near the coal mines.
17:39It's not Dolly Parton.
17:41It's not Dolly Parton.
17:41No, it could be.
17:42Tammy Winnat, maybe.
17:43Tammy Winnat?
17:46It's Loretta Lynn.
17:47And finally...
18:02The Gypsy Kings.
18:04No, it's Richie Valens with La Bamba.
18:07Now, let's start the question.
18:08Fingers on buzzers.
18:09Plenty of time, Darren.
18:09From Martin Luther King's I Have a Dream speech.
18:13The words go back to Mississippi, go back to Alabama, go back to South Carolina are an
18:18example of what rhetorical device that uses...
18:20Martin Duncan.
18:21Anaphora.
18:22It is anaphora.
18:23Well done.
18:25Three questions on the Long Parliament.
18:27Charles I summoned the Long Parliament in 1640 to raise the money required under a treaty
18:33following the second of two brief wars against the Scottish Covenanters.
18:37By what term are these campaigns generally known?
18:40Bishop's Wars.
18:41Bishop's Wars?
18:42Yes.
18:42In 1648, which colonel carried out a purge of the Long Parliament, arresting...
18:46Pride.
18:47Yes.
18:48Following Pride's purge, the remnant of the Long Parliament was known by what short name?
18:52It brought about the execution of Charles...
18:54Yes.
18:54Well done.
18:54I need a two word answer here.
18:58In which sport did Clive Sullivan captain Great Britain at the 1972 World Cup?
19:03The official match ball used at the tournament held in 2022 was named after him, as is a section
19:09of the A63 road leading to Kingston-upon-Hull, where he played for both of the city's major...
19:16Durham Gaunt.
19:17Rugby League.
19:18It is Rugby League.
19:18Well done.
19:20Three questions for you on condiments.
19:22Which allium is the principal ingredient in both the Lebanese sauce Tum and the Romanian
19:27sauce Mujte?
19:29Garlic.
19:31Garlic.
19:32Yes.
19:32Which Mediterranean country is the origin of the thick puree known as Skordalia, in which
19:37raw garlic is mixed with olive oil and a bulky base?
19:39Greece.
19:40Yes.
19:40In Provencal cuisine, what name is given to a sauce of garlic emulsified with olive oil?
19:45This word has been borrowed into English with a slightly broader meaning of garlic mayonnaise.
19:49Aioli.
20:10Aioli.
20:10It is called as the non-objective world.
20:12The second part of which is titled Suprematism.
20:16Merton On.
20:17Malevich.
20:18Yes.
20:18Kasimir Malevich.
20:20Three questions for you Merton on Broadway shows which ran in 2024.
20:25Okay.
20:26Revived on Broadway in 2024, An Enemy of the People is based on an 1882 play by which author?
20:32Ibsen.
20:33The story follows Thomas Stockman as he faces opposition from town locals after discovering
20:38contamination at a local spa.
20:39Ibsen.
20:40It is Henrik Ibsen.
20:41What 19th century figure is the title character of the satirical play O'Mary, written by and
20:47starring Cole Escola?
20:50Mary Todd Lincoln.
20:52Sure.
20:52Mary Todd Lincoln.
20:53Mary Todd Lincoln?
20:54Yes.
20:54Making its Broadway debut in 1966, which musical was revived in 2024 featuring B.B. Neuwirth
21:01as Fraulein Schneider and Eddie Redmayne as the emcee?
21:04Cabaret.
21:05It was Cabaret, yes.
21:07Picture round now.
21:09For your picture starter, you're going to see a painting of a royal figure who you'll need
21:12to identify for ten points.
21:17Durham, Haynes, Metals.
21:18Oh, it's Marie Antoinette.
21:19Yes, it is Marie Antoinette.
21:20Oh, nice.
21:22For your picture starter, you saw one of Elisabeth Vigée Lebrun's portraits of Marie Antoinette.
21:28For your picture bonuses, three more portraits by Lebrun.
21:31Five points for each of the sitters you can name.
21:34First, this British model and socialite.
21:37Oh, socialite.
21:43Effie Gray.
21:44Effie Gray.
21:45No, it's Lady Emma Hamilton.
21:46Second, this philosopher and writer.
21:48Oh.
21:49Um.
21:50Any ideas?
21:52I don't know.
21:53No, no, no.
21:54Um.
21:55Possibly.
21:55Watercraft.
21:56I don't really like anything.
21:58Um.
22:00Passed.
22:01I'll tell you, that's Madame de Stael.
22:03Lastly, this French courtesan.
22:06Madame de Pompadour, surely.
22:08OK.
22:09Madame de Pompadour.
22:10No, it's Madame de Barry.
22:12Oh.
22:12Now, let's start the question.
22:14Described as having an egg white-like consistency, what substance in the human body consists of the proteoglycan lubricin as
22:21well as water and hyaluronic acid and provides lubrication to reduce friction between articular cartilage at joint...
22:29..Durham reese.
22:30Skin.
22:31No, I'm afraid you lose five points.
22:33In the body.
22:34Merton Duncan.
22:35Collagen.
22:36No, it's synovial fluid.
22:38Now, let's start the question.
22:39Roughly 80 kilometres long, which river in Utah flows through the state capital of Salt Lake City?
22:46Its position between Utah Lake and the Great Salt Lake led early Mormon settlers to name it after the river
22:52that connects the Sea of Galilee to the Dead Sea.
22:55Durham, go on.
22:56Jordan.
22:56It is the Jordan River.
22:57Well done.
22:58Big questions for you, Durham, on sand.
23:01The Abelian sandpile model, the first dynamical system to exhibit self-organised criticality, is an example of what computational model
23:09abbreviated as C-A?
23:11Also exemplified by John Conway's Game of Life.
23:14Game of Life.
23:15So it's like...
23:16It's a cellular automaton.
23:20The origins of ripple marks in sand were explained in a 1904 paper by which British scientist, making her the
23:27first woman to read a paper before the Royal Society.
23:29She's also known for her work on the characteristics of electric arcs.
23:34Electric arcs?
23:35Electric arcs?
23:35Oh, physics.
23:36Just say Mary Somerville.
23:36I don't think it is, but Mary Somerville.
23:37Mary Somerville.
23:38No, that was Hertha Ayrton.
23:40What short word refers to both a large flat area of shifting sand dunes or sheets and a unit of
23:46energy equal to 100 nanojoules?
23:49100 nanojoules.
23:51100 nanojoules.
23:52100 nanojoules.
23:52So...
23:52This is pass.
23:54Pass.
23:55It's erg.
23:55Five minutes to go.
23:56A poem by Robert Frost about the premature death of a young man due to a buzzsaw accident has what
24:02repetitive two-word title?
24:05Taken from a soliloquy exploring similar themes in act five of what they...
24:09Tomorrow and tomorrow and tomorrow.
24:11No, I'm afraid you lose five points, in which the two words precede the phrase, brief candle.
24:17Out, out.
24:18Out, out is correct.
24:19Yes, your bonuses are on Roman deities that lack a major Greek equivalent.
24:23In each case, I need you to name the god from a description.
24:27First, the Roman goddess of Plenty, whose name is derived from a Latin word for fruit.
24:32Not...
24:33Prosapina.
24:34Nominate hence Matos.
24:35Prosapina.
24:36No, it's Pomona.
24:37Secondly, commonly identified with a similarly named Zoroastrian god, a deity whose mystery cult was popular among Roman soldiers.
24:44Mithras.
24:44Mithras.
24:45Mithras.
24:46Mithras.
24:46Yes.
24:48Finally, the two-faced god of beginnings, endings and always.
24:51Janus.
24:52Yes.
24:52Let's start the question.
24:53Muhammad Hotak, who led the 1722 siege of Isfahan and overthrew the Safavid Empire, was given what epithet?
25:01The same as that given to other historical figures, including James I of Aragon, Alfonso I of Portugal and Ottoman
25:09Sultan Mehmed II.
25:10The Conqueror.
25:12It is the Conqueror.
25:13Your bonuses are on national flags.
25:15In each case, you'll hear a list of countries where the exact midpoints of all their flags share the same
25:21colour.
25:21You need to give me that colour for the points.
25:23For example, Somalia, Denmark and France would be white.
25:27First, Grenada, Suriname and the Republic of the Congo.
25:30So, is this yellow?
25:32Yellow.
25:33Second, in slightly different shades, Honduras, Ethiopia and Antigua and Barbuda.
25:38White.
25:39White.
25:39No, it's blue.
25:40Finally, Seychelles, Eritrea and Central African Republic.
25:44Green?
25:45Yeah, maybe go with that.
25:47Red.
25:48Red.
25:48Yes.
25:49Let's start the question.
25:50The Paranatraps in South East and South America and the Etendeka Traps in West Africa are both formations made primarily
25:57from what rock?
25:59A landform at Cape Stolb-Chatti in Russia is made of columns of this rock, an area similar in appearance
26:05to the...
26:07Basant.
26:07Yes.
26:08Well done.
26:08Three questions for you, Merton, on groupings of towns or cities.
26:11Consisting of five relatively inaccessible coastal towns, Cinque Terre is a UNESCO World Heritage site located in which northern Italian
26:21region?
26:21Liguria, my brain's saying.
26:24Liguria?
26:25Yes.
26:25Comprising cities on the Adriatic, the Duchy of the Pentapolis was an early medieval confederation ruled by the Byzantine exarch
26:32of which city?
26:34It had earlier been a capital of the West Roman Empire.
26:37Lidana.
26:38Well done.
26:38Gaza, Ashkelon, Ashdod, Gath and Ekron formed an Iron Age confederation usually known as the Pentapolis of Witch People.
26:47In the Old Testament, they are frequent adversaries of the Israelites.
26:51Philistines.
26:52Philistines.
26:53Yes.
26:53Well done.
26:54Let's start the question.
26:55The production of what in the Byzantine Empire is said to have begun when two months...
27:01Silk.
27:02Well done.
27:03Three questions for you on the Dutch water engineer Cornelius Vermoeden.
27:07In 1626, Charles I commissioned Vermoeden to drain Hatfield Chase, a low-lying area on the borders of Yorkshire and
27:14what other county?
27:16Lancashire.
27:17Yeah, give it a go.
27:18Lancashire.
27:19No, it's Lincolnshire.
27:20Vermoeden's work in South Yorkshire and Lincolnshire was limited by costly litigation and conflict with holders of common rights in
27:26an adjoining area to the west of the River Trent, known as the Isle of what?
27:31I don't know.
27:32No, it is.
27:33Pass.
27:33Axe Holm.
27:34In 1637, Vermoeden completed the Bedford River, a new straight course or diversion of what river that flows into the
27:40wash near Kings Lynn?
27:41Oh, this is the Great Ooze.
27:43The Great Ooze?
27:45Yes.
27:45Let's start the question.
27:46The Order of the White Lion is the highest state decoration of which country?
27:51A recent British recipient was Sir Nicholas Winton, organiser of the Kindertransport that saved the lives of 600...
27:57Martin Gosnett.
27:58Czechia.
27:58It is Czechia.
27:59Well done.
28:00Good questions on botanical terms.
28:02Also used to describe certain patterns of fingerprints, what term is used in botany for a set of leaves attached
28:07to the same point on a plant stem?
28:09I think it's a wall.
28:10Go for it.
28:11A wall?
28:11Yes.
28:12What adjective describes a leaf margin that is unbroken and un-toothed?
28:16It is also used in mathematics for a function that is...
28:18And at the gong, darababa, 120.
28:20And at the gong, 235.
28:26Well, the answer to the last one was entire.
28:28Durham, that was such bad luck because I thought you were going to pull off the most incredible comeback and
28:32get to the score you needed to.
28:33And I think you probably knew some of the answers to those starters at the end.
28:36I'm so sorry, but Merton, 235 is a great score, especially against such a strong team.
28:40Well done.
28:41We shall see you and your slightly strange mascot again in the next round.
28:44Congratulations.
28:45I hope you could join us next time for another first round match.
28:48But until then, it is goodbye from Durham University.
28:50Goodbye.
28:51It's goodbye from Merton College, Oxford.
28:53Goodbye.
28:54And it's goodbye from me.
28:55Goodbye.
29:27Thank you for having me.
29:28Congratulations.
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