00:00Finite and non-finite verbs
00:04Finite verbs change form according to the subject, and they also show tense.
00:10Non-finite verbs do not change to match the subject, and they do not show tense.
00:17For example, Brent likes running in marathons.
00:21Take the verb likes. It agrees with the subject.
00:27We know this because if we were to change the subject to they, for example, we would need to change
00:33the verb to reflect this.
00:35Likes becomes like.
00:38They like running in marathons.
00:41The verb like also shows us the tense.
00:45The sentence is in present tense.
00:48We can change the tense by altering this verb.
00:51Brent liked running in marathons.
00:54Now the sentence is showing past tense.
00:58Because the verb likes shows tense and has changed to match the subject, it is a finite verb.
01:05It's the main verb in the sentence.
01:08The main verb of a sentence will always be finite.
01:12It's not the only verb in the sentence, however.
01:15Running is also a verb, but it's acting in a very different way.
01:21It's not showing tense, and it didn't change when we changed the subject to they.
01:27For these reasons, running is a non-finite verb.
01:31A non-finite verb cannot be the main verb in a sentence.
01:36There are three types of non-finite verbs.
01:40Gerunds, participles, past and present, and infinitives.
01:45Let's take a look at some examples of each.
01:50We'll start with gerunds.
01:54Gerunds are verbs that act as nouns.
01:58Look at these three sentences and see if you can spot the non-finite verbs, the gerunds.
02:05Surfing is great fun.
02:07Brian was tired of waiting.
02:09Jasmine likes sitting under the tree.
02:15Here they are.
02:17Surfing, waiting, and sitting.
02:21These are all gerunds.
02:23Verbs acting as nouns.
02:25They do not change to match the subject, and they do not show tense.
02:30As such, these verbs are non-finite.
02:34These verbs are finite.
02:37Is, was, and likes.
02:40They indicate tense, and they have changed to match the subject.
02:46A second type of non-finite verbs are participles, past and present.
02:53Look at these sentences and see if you can spot the non-finite verbs, the participles.
02:59Pause here while you look.
03:03Here they are.
03:05Wishing, warmed, playing, marking, decided.
03:11The participles are acting as adjectives in the first two sentences.
03:16In the last three sentences, they are forming verb tense with the help of auxiliary verbs.
03:22These verbs are non-finite, because they do not change to match the subject, and they do not show tense
03:28on their own.
03:33In the last three sentences, they do not change to match the verb, and they do not change to match
03:39the subject.
03:42A third type of non-finite verbs are infinitives.
03:47Infinitives are the base form of a verb.
03:49They are usually preceded by the word, for example, to swim, to know.
03:58Look at these sentences and see if you can spot the non-finite verbs, the infinitives.
04:05Pause while you look.
04:08Here they are, to travel, to visit, to become.
04:13These are all infinitives.
04:15They do not change to match the subject, and they do not show tense.
04:20They are non-finite verbs.
04:24These verbs are finite.
04:26Planned, is, and wants.
04:30They indicate tense, and they have changed to match the subject.
04:37Now it's your turn to test yourself.
04:40Work out whether the underlined verbs in the following sentences are finite or non-finite.
04:46Remember, finite verbs change form according to the subject,
04:50and they also show tense.
04:52Non-finite verbs do not change to match the subject, and they do not show tense.
04:57Pause here while you work.
05:00Let's see how you went.
05:02These verbs are non-finite.
05:04Running, crying, to pass, writing, releasing, smoked.
05:13These verbs are finite.
05:16Is, fell, helps, ate.
05:20The shape you derived.
05:22You are almost dead.
05:22In the second kind ofizione, you read in the firstè©ž,
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