00:00So first of all, what is a phrase?
00:03Well, a phrase is quite simply a group of words that work together as a unit.
00:11And unlike a clause, a phrase does not have both a subject and a predicate.
00:19And by that, I mean a subject and a verb.
00:23The most common types of phrases are noun phrases, verb phrases, adjective phrases, adverb phrases, and prepositional phrases.
00:37So we're going to talk about each type individually.
00:41First, let's talk about noun phrases.
00:44A noun phrase is a group of words that act as a noun.
00:50And a noun phrase consists of a noun and any words that modify it.
00:58So a noun phrase can function as a subject, an object, or complement in a sentence.
01:07Let's look at some examples of noun phrases.
01:11My adorable niece.
01:13Niece is a noun.
01:15But together, my adorable niece is a group of words that functions as a subject.
01:23For example, my adorable niece is visiting me.
01:27My adorable niece would be a noun phrase that is functioning as a subject.
01:34Here's another example.
01:36An incredible vacation.
01:39I had an incredible vacation.
01:42In this example, this noun phrase would function as an object.
01:48His charming voice.
01:50Those men by the window.
01:53A big cup of coffee.
01:56Women with black hair.
01:57So these noun phrases can function as a subject, object, or complement in a sentence.
02:07They may start a sentence functioning as a subject.
02:11Or they may function as an object at the end of a sentence.
02:16In any case, they contain nouns and words that modify the noun.
02:23Let's go on to the next type, which is a verb phrase.
02:28And a verb phrase consists of a main verb and its helping verbs or auxiliary verbs.
02:36A verb phrase expresses action or a state of being.
02:41For example, has eaten.
02:44The main verb is eaten.
02:47But this is in the present perfect tense.
02:50So we have a helping verb or auxiliary verb.
02:54Here's another example.
02:56Should have been.
02:59Can play.
03:00Has been repaired.
03:03Is swimming.
03:05Had been visiting.
03:08Can play is a verb phrase which contains the modal verb can plus the main verb play.
03:16So a verb phrase can be any combination of a modal verb, a main verb, and any auxiliary verbs.
03:26Let's go on to the next type, which is an adjective phrase.
03:31An adjective phrase may also be known as an adjectival phrase.
03:35And an adjective phrase is a group of words that describe a noun or pronoun, and it includes an adjective
03:44and its modifiers.
03:47Let's look at some examples.
03:50Very interesting.
03:51For example, the woman is very interesting.
03:55Very interesting is an adjective phrase.
04:00Slightly broken.
04:02Incredibly popular.
04:05Bright and cheerful.
04:07Deeply embarrassed.
04:10Sweet delicious.
04:11So an adjective phrase may contain multiple adjectives.
04:17For example, bright and cheerful.
04:20Or sweet delicious.
04:22Or an adjective phrase will include an adjective and a modifier.
04:27For example, incredibly popular.
04:30Popular is the main adjective.
04:33And incredibly is an adverb that is modifying the adjective.
04:38It's telling us the degree of popularity.
04:43Let's move on to an adverb phrase, which is also known as an adverbial phrase.
04:50So an adverb phrase is a group of words that work together to describe how, when, where, why, or to
04:59what extent an action is done.
05:01Here's an example.
05:03Very quickly.
05:04Imagine the sentence is,
05:07She ran very quickly.
05:09Quickly is the main adverb.
05:12And the modifier is very, which tells us just how quick, or the degree of quickness.
05:19And this adverb phrase describes the manner in which she ran.
05:24Another example.
05:26Earlier than expected.
05:28If the sentence was,
05:30My parents arrived earlier than expected.
05:33This adverb phrase is describing when they arrived.
05:39As fast as possible.
05:42Patiently for hours.
05:44In all of these examples,
05:46These groups of words are working together to describe the action.
05:52How it was done.
05:53How it was done.
05:53When it was done.
05:54When it was done.
05:55When it was done.
05:55And so on and so forth.
05:56And finally,
05:59Let's talk about prepositional phrases.
06:02And a prepositional phrase starts with a preposition and ends with a noun, a pronoun, or a noun phrase.
06:10And it provides details about location, direction, or time.
06:26So in all of these examples, these prepositional phrases begin with a preposition and they end with a noun or
06:34a noun phrase.
06:35In the first example, on the kitchen counter, imagine the full sentence is, the keys are on the kitchen counter.
06:44This prepositional phrase provides details about location, where the keys are.
06:51In the prepositional phrase, after dinner, this describes time, answering the question when.
06:59We will go for a walk after dinner.
07:02And in the last example, to the park, this describes direction, answering the question where.
07:09They are going to the park.
07:11So these are the most common types of phrases in English.
07:16And now we're going to do a short quiz.
07:19You must identify the type of phrase.
07:22Let's begin.
07:24Number one.
07:25The big brown dog.
07:27Number two.
07:29Will be attending.
07:30Number three.
07:32The woman in the garden.
07:35Number four.
07:36On top of the cabinet.
07:38Number five.
07:40Has been jumping.
07:42Number six.
07:43Extremely handsome.
07:45And finally, number seven.
07:47Patiently all day.
07:58Okay, so number one is a noun phrase.
08:02We have the head noun dog with the modifiers big brown and determiner the.
08:11Number two is a verb phrase.
08:14Number two is a verb phrase.
08:16We have the main verb attending with the auxiliary verbs will and be.
08:24Number three is also a noun phrase.
08:27We have the head noun woman, which is modified by the prepositional phrase in the garden.
08:34But still, this is a noun phrase because it acts as a subject.
08:39For example, the woman in the garden is very beautiful.
08:44Okay.
08:45Number four is a prepositional phrase.
08:47It begins with the preposition on and ends with the noun cabinet.
08:53Number five is a verb phrase.
08:56We have the main verb jumping with the auxiliary verbs or helping verbs has and been.
09:03Number six is an adjective phrase.
09:06The adjective handsome is modified by extremely.
09:11And finally, number seven is an adverb phrase.
09:15We have the head adverb patiently with the modifier all day.
09:20So let me know in the comment section how many you got correct out of seven.
09:25I will be doing a more advanced lesson on types of phrases as well.
09:30So make sure to subscribe to my channel for more lessons like this one.
09:34And thank you all for watching.
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