00:00So there are eight parts of speech in English.
00:03We have nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections.
00:13But in today's video, we're going to discuss nouns.
00:18So what are nouns?
00:20Well, nouns represent people, places, things, and ideas.
00:25There are many different types of nouns that we will discuss in this lesson.
00:31So for example, she is a nice woman.
00:35Woman is the noun.
00:37A woman is a person.
00:39My husband is from Sweden.
00:42In this sentence, we have two nouns.
00:45Husband, which is in the category of people, and Sweden, which is a place.
00:51The dog loves its bone.
00:54In this sentence, we also have two nouns, dog and bone.
00:59Bone is a thing, and a dog is an animal, which is also a noun.
01:04I hope she rests in peace.
01:07Peace is an idea.
01:08It's a concept, and that's also a noun.
01:12So let's talk about the different types of nouns.
01:16First, I'm going to review all the different types of nouns, and then we'll talk about them in more detail.
01:23So first, we have proper nouns.
01:26For example, Jennifer, Miguel, London, Paris, October, Christmas.
01:32We also have common nouns.
01:34Dog, table, love, teacher, music.
01:38Common nouns are more generic, and proper nouns are more specific.
01:42We also have singular nouns.
01:45Again, you can see that a noun can be more than one type.
01:50Dog is also a singular noun, and it's a common noun.
01:54Table, teacher, friend, church.
01:56And then we have plural nouns.
01:59Jiz, more than one thing.
02:01Dogs, tables, teachers, friends, churches.
02:04We have compound nouns, which is when we combine two words to make a noun.
02:11Toothpaste, firefighter, sweatshirt, haircut, seafood.
02:15We also have countable nouns, which are nouns that we can count.
02:20A bag, apple, dollar, cat, cup, box.
02:24We also have uncountable nouns, which are nouns we cannot count.
02:29Rice, money, water, air, love.
02:32We have concrete nouns.
02:35Concrete nouns are things that we can experience with our senses.
02:40Salt, cookies, blanket, clock.
02:43And we have abstract nouns, which are ideas,
02:47things we can't experience with our senses.
02:50Freedom, love, happiness, time.
02:53We have possessive nouns.
02:55Dads, Jake's, Tom's, boys, parents.
02:59And finally, we have collective nouns.
03:02Family, crowd, crew, team, bunch, bouquet.
03:08Okay, so now let's review them in more detail.
03:12First, we're going to compare common nouns and proper nouns.
03:16So common nouns refer to generic things,
03:20whereas proper nouns refer to specific things.
03:24We always capitalize proper nouns.
03:27For example, a common noun, we have man.
03:31But a proper noun is the name of the man, herald.
03:35It's always capitalized.
03:37Country is a common noun.
03:39But the name of a country, Portugal, is capitalized.
03:43It's a proper noun.
03:44City is a common noun.
03:46But the name of the city, Lisbon, is a proper noun.
03:50Doctor, Dr. Smith is capitalized.
03:53It's the name of the doctor.
03:55I have a more in-depth video on common nouns versus proper nouns,
04:00which I will link you to in the description below this video.
04:03Let's look at some sentence examples.
04:10You can see when we are referring to the name of the doctor, it's capitalized.
04:17Are you moving to a different city?
04:19Are you moving to Lisbon?
04:21Okay, now let's review singular nouns versus plural nouns.
04:25So singular nouns refer to exactly one person, place, or thing.
04:32Plural nouns refer to more than one of something.
04:36We often just add an S to make a noun plural.
04:40Sometimes we add an ES, and sometimes it's a regular.
04:44For example, dog becomes dogs.
04:48Baby becomes babies.
04:50Child becomes children.
04:53Box becomes boxes.
04:54For example, we have a little dog.
04:58Can you help me move this box?
05:01My cousin has three dogs.
05:03We need to fill 20 boxes.
05:06Okay, now let's review countable nouns versus uncountable nouns.
05:11So countable nouns can be counted.
05:15Uncountable nouns cannot be counted.
05:18For example, a countable noun is glass.
05:22This is a glass.
05:23An uncountable noun is water.
05:25Countable noun is cup.
05:28Uncountable is flour.
05:30We don't say, I need one flour to make a cake.
05:34We would say, I need a cup or two cups of flour.
05:40You can't count flour.
05:42A countable noun is bowl.
05:44Uncountable, rice.
05:46Countable noun, spoon.
05:48Uncountable, salt.
05:49For example, can I have a glass of water or two glasses of water?
05:55We need two cups of flour.
05:58The next one is concrete nouns versus abstract nouns.
06:02So concrete nouns can be seen, felt, heard, smelled, or tasted.
06:09They are nouns that we can experience with our five senses.
06:14Whereas abstract nouns cannot be seen, felt, heard, smelled, or tasted.
06:20They are like concepts that we cannot actually physically see or touch.
06:26For example, a concrete noun is grandparents.
06:29You can see your grandparents here or your grandparents.
06:32They exist in a physical form.
06:35Clouds.
06:36Cupcake.
06:37Blanket.
06:38Whereas abstract nouns are ideas or concepts.
06:42Happiness.
06:43Peace.
06:44Freedom.
06:45Love.
06:45Love.
06:45For example, I love my grandparents.
06:48Do you see those dark clouds?
06:51She just wants peace and happiness.
06:53I really value my freedom.
06:57Next, we have possessive nouns.
06:59A possessive noun is a noun that owns something.
07:03For example, these are possessive nouns.
07:06Moms.
07:06Dogs.
07:08Friends.
07:09Parents.
07:10Girls.
07:10So some of these nouns are plural, possessive nouns, and some are singular, possessive nouns.
07:18I have a very in-depth, detailed video on when to use apostrophe S and when to use S apostrophe,
07:27which I will link you to in the description below this video.
07:30But the first three, moms, dogs, and friends, are singular, possessive nouns.
07:37There's one mom, one dog, one friend.
07:40But here, with parents, an apostrophe, and girls, an apostrophe, they are plural, possessive nouns.
07:47This means that if I said my parents' dog, there's one dog that belongs to both parents.
07:55Or the girl's bedroom.
07:57There's one bedroom that is shared by two girls.
08:01For example, mom's spaghetti tastes delicious.
08:05The spaghetti belongs to the mom.
08:08In this case, it's the spaghetti that she made.
08:11It's her spaghetti.
08:13My dog's bone is missing.
08:15The bone belongs to the dog.
08:18The girl's cat is very cute.
08:20Because we have the apostrophe after the S, that means that the cat belongs to both girls.
08:29My parents' bedroom is upstairs.
08:33Okay, now we have compound nouns.
08:36A compound noun is a noun that is created using two or more words.
08:42Compound nouns may appear as a single word, multiple words, or hyphenated.
08:48For example, seafood.
08:52Sea is one word.
08:53Food is another word.
08:55But combined creates its own word.
08:58Toothpaste.
08:59Ice cream.
09:00Living room.
09:01Brother-in-law.
09:02So you can see some appear as a single word, some as multiple words, and this one is hyphenated.
09:10Can we have some ice cream after dinner?
09:12Dad's hanging out in the living room.
09:14My brother-in-law is a bank manager.
09:17And finally, we have collective nouns.
09:20A collective noun is a group of things.
09:23It usually functions like a singular noun, even though it refers to a group of people or things.
09:32For example, family, group, team, pack, bouquet.
09:37And if we compare these sentences,
09:41Her family is from India.
09:43Both families are coming to the party tonight.
09:48You can see that we don't say her family are, even though family is a group of people.
09:55We say family is.
09:57And if we're talking about more than one family, we would say families.
10:03He bought me a bouquet of flowers.
10:06Do you have a pack of gum?
10:11Okay, so now we're going to have a quiz.
10:13For this, I want you to identify the nouns in these sentences.
10:18Number one, let's grab some snacks at the supermarket.
10:22Number two, have you ever considered moving to Europe?
10:27Number three, I have a meeting in 20 minutes.
10:31Number four, what time is it?
10:33I think the movie starts soon.
10:36Number five, my best friend just had a baby.
10:39Her name is Tamara.
10:41Okay, so where are the nouns in the first sentence?
10:44We have two nouns.
10:46Let's grab some snacks at the supermarket.
10:50Number two, have you ever considered moving to Europe?
10:54We only have one noun in the sentence, Europe.
10:57Number three, I have a meeting in 20 minutes.
11:01Here we have two nouns, meeting and minutes.
11:05Number four, what time is it?
11:07I think the movie starts soon.
11:09Here we have two nouns, time and movie.
11:13And finally, number five, my best friend just had a baby.
11:16Her name is Emily.
11:18In these sentences, we have four nouns, friend, baby, name, and Emily.
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