00:00A noun is a word used to name a person, a place, a thing, or an idea.
00:11Nouns can sometimes be singular or plural.
00:17Singular means one.
00:21Plural means more than one.
00:25So two, three, four, or more.
00:31In general, we form a plural noun by adding the letter S to the end of the noun.
00:42For example, you have one car, but two cars.
00:50There is an S at the end of cars to make it plural.
00:55We have one dog, two dogs, one book, two books, one house, two houses, one apple, two apples.
01:13So, we generally put an S at the end of a noun to make it plural.
01:22Of course, in English, there are always exceptions.
01:28When a noun ends in S, CH, SH, X, or Z or Z,
01:37We add the letters E, S to the end of the noun.
01:44So, one bus becomes two buses.
01:50Notice how the last syllable sounds like IS.
01:55Buses.
02:17Notice how with nouns ending in Z or Z, depending on the pronunciation,
02:23We sometimes double that letter.
02:29When a noun ends in F or FE,
02:33For example, wolf ends in an F,
02:39We remove the F or FE part and add VES to the end.
02:47So, one wolf becomes two wolves.
02:54Notice how we need to use the slightly vibrating V, the V,
03:00and the S sound like a buzzing Z sound.
03:04Wolves.
03:07Wolves.
03:08So, we say one leaf, two leaves.
03:15One wolf, two wolves.
03:19One life, two lives.
03:23One knife, two knives.
03:28Note, there are some exceptions to this rule.
03:32Two exceptions include roof.
03:35One roof, and two roofs, or roofs.
03:41And cliff.
03:42One cliff, and two cliffs.
03:48A, E, I, O, U.
03:52These are vowels.
03:55B, C, D, F, G, H, J, etc.
04:01These are consonants.
04:05When a noun ends in a vowel plus Y,
04:09We add an S to the end of the noun to make it plural.
04:14For example, day ends in a vowel, the letter A, and the letter Y.
04:23So, the plural of day is days.
04:28We just put an S at the end.
04:32One day, two days.
04:35One key, two keys.
04:40One boy, two boys.
04:44One guy, two guys.
04:48One donkey, two donkeys.
04:53All of these words end in a vowel plus a Y.
04:58So, we just add an S.
05:03But, when a noun ends in a consonant plus a Y,
05:10We remove the Y and add I, E, S.
05:17For example, the noun baby ends in a consonant B and Y.
05:25To form the plural, we need to remove the final Y and then add I, E, S.
05:37So, baby becomes babies.
05:42More examples.
05:45One city, two cities.
05:49One baby, two babies.
05:54One story, two stories.
05:59One party, two parties.
06:04One country, two countries.
06:10When a noun ends in a vowel plus the letter O, we just add S to the end to make
06:18it plural.
06:20Zoo ends in the vowel O followed by another O after it.
06:27So, we just add an S at the end.
06:32One zoo, two zoos.
06:35One radio, radio ends in the vowel I plus O.
06:41So, it becomes two radios.
06:45One stereo, two stereos.
06:49One video, two videos.
06:54One kangaroo, two kangaroos.
06:59But, when a noun ends in a consonant plus the letter O,
07:05we need to add ES.
07:09Hero ends with the consonant R plus O.
07:16So, we add ES to the end.
07:20One hero, two heroes.
07:24One echo, two echoes.
07:28One tomato, or one tomato, depends on your pronunciation,
07:34becomes two tomatoes, or two tomatoes.
07:39One potato, two potatoes.
07:45Now, there are some exceptions to this rule.
07:49The two most common exceptions are one piano and two pianos.
07:56We just add an S and not ES.
08:01Another example, one photo, two photos.
08:06These are exceptions.
08:10There are some nouns that have very irregular plural nouns
08:16and that don't have an S at the end.
08:20Some common irregular plural nouns are
08:24one man, two men.
08:29One child, two children.
08:34One foot, two feet.
08:39One tooth, two teeth.
08:44One mouse, two mice.
08:48One person, two people.
08:54There are many more irregular plural nouns
08:57and you can see more examples on our website.
09:01There is a link in the description of this video.
09:06Some other irregular plural nouns are the words that do not change in plural form.
09:13For example, with the word sheep.
09:18We say one sheep and two sheep.
09:23There is no change between the singular and plural form.
09:28We do not say sheeps.
09:31No, there is no S at the end.
09:34One sheep, two sheep.
09:39One deer, two deer.
09:43One fish, two fish.
09:48Yes.
10:05One Mohandcher.
10:06There is no true weave You get many.
10:06You can see a woman, and then it is the same.
10:06That is really the same.
10:06No Yeap.
10:06One was the same.
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