00:00The word do appears a lot in English.
00:05This is because it can be a verb, as in the verb to do,
00:10which can be conjugated as do and does in the present tense,
00:15did in the past tense,
00:18and done as a past participle.
00:23Do can also be an auxiliary verb in the form of do and does
00:30to make questions in the present tense,
00:33and did to make questions in the past tense.
00:38Let's look at each one in more detail.
00:42We will start with the verb to do.
00:46As we have seen,
00:49the verb to do has four forms.
00:54Do, does, did, and done.
00:59Let's look at its form in the simple present tense.
01:04With the verb to do in the present tense,
01:07we say I do, you do, we do, they do,
01:12but we say he does, she does, it does.
01:16Let's look at some example sentences.
01:22I do my laundry on Saturdays.
01:27Do my laundry means I wash my clothes.
01:32Well, I put it in the washing machine.
01:35They do their chores when they arrive home.
01:41Chores are the housework you need to do,
01:43like washing the dishes, doing the vacuuming, etc.
01:50He does nothing all day.
01:54That's right, he is quite lazy.
01:56He does absolutely nothing.
02:00She does charity work when she has time.
02:05People that do charity work are superheroes.
02:10The simple past tense of do is did for all subjects.
02:18I did, you did, we did, they did, he did, she did, it did.
02:23Notice how there's only one form of the verb in the past tense.
02:29Did.
02:31He did a magic trick.
02:34Yes, and everyone was amazed.
02:37Wow.
02:39The baby did a fart.
02:42Yes, and the smell made everyone cry.
02:45How can such a cute thing produce something so rotten?
02:50I did my homework in record time.
02:54Yes, it only took me five hours instead of ten.
02:59She did ballet after school last year.
03:03This year, she's doing something different.
03:08The past participle of do is done.
03:14Remember that past participles are accompanied by a conjugation of the verb to have or to be,
03:23which means it is in the correct tense according to the subject.
03:28In general, have plus past participle is used with a perfect tense,
03:34and be plus past participle is with the passive voice.
03:40Let's look at some examples.
03:52These two sentences are in the present perfect tense because they have have or has before the past participle done.
04:03The video will show you how it is done.
04:09The report was done on time.
04:13Here we used a conjugation of the verb to be before the past participle done.
04:20The verb to do can also be used to replace a verb.
04:27We sometimes use the verb do to replace a verb when the meaning is clear or obvious.
04:34This replacement is more common in informal spoken English.
04:42Have you done the dishes yet?
04:45Here, done means washed.
04:49I'll do the kitchen if you do the lawns.
04:54The first do means clean.
04:57Clean the kitchen.
04:58The second do means mow.
05:02Mow the lawns.
05:05Sometimes do, does and did are used as auxiliaries to make questions in English.
05:13Let's start with do and does.
05:17To make a question in the simple present tense in English,
05:21we normally put the auxiliary do or does at the beginning of the question before the subject.
05:30After the subject is the verb in its base form, which means the infinitive,
05:35with thou to at the beginning.
05:39Look at this affirmative sentence.
05:42You speak English.
05:45How can we make this a question?
05:48We add do at the beginning, so it becomes,
05:52Do you speak English?
05:55You'll see that we add do at the beginning,
05:58when the subject is I, you, we, or they.
06:04But look at this affirmative sentence.
06:07He speaks Arabic.
06:11To make this a question, we say,
06:14Does he speak Arabic?
06:17You can see that we add does at the beginning,
06:21when the subject is he, she, or it.
06:26Notice how the letter S at the end of the verb in the affirmative sentence,
06:31because it is in third person,
06:34disappears in the question.
06:37That is because the verb is in the base form of the infinitive.
06:42Note, we don't use do or does in questions that have the verb to be or modal verbs,
06:50such as can, must, might, or should.
06:55Let's look at the auxiliary did.
06:58To make a question in the simple past tense in English,
07:02we normally put the auxiliary did at the beginning of the question before the subject.
07:09And just like in the present tense,
07:12after the subject is the verb in its base form,
07:15which means the infinitive without to at the beginning.
07:20Look at this affirmative sentence.
07:23You lived in Spain.
07:26How can we make this a question?
07:30We add did at the beginning,
07:34so it becomes,
07:35Did you live in Spain?
07:38We use the verb form live and not lived,
07:43because the auxiliary did shows that the question is in the past tense.
07:49Did is also used with he, she, and it.
07:53So with this affirmative sentence,
07:57She lived in Japan.
07:59To make it a question in the past tense, we say,
08:03Did she live in Japan?
08:06Again, we use did for questions in the past,
08:11except with to be and modal verbs.
08:16Compare these questions.
08:19Do you speak English?
08:21Did you speak English?
08:24The only difference between a question in the present tense and the past tense
08:29is the first part,
08:30Do or did.
08:33And look at these two questions.
08:37Does he speak Italian?
08:39Did he speak Italian?
08:42The only difference between a question in the present tense and the past tense,
08:47when it refers to third person,
08:49he, she, and it,
08:50is the first part,
08:52Does or did.
08:56Look at this question.
08:59Do you do exercises every day?
09:03Why are there two do's in this question?
09:09The first do is necessary because we're making a question in the simple present tense.
09:16The second do is from the verb to do.
09:21You do exercises.
09:24What happens if instead of you,
09:26we're asking about another person?
09:32Does she do exercises every day?
09:36We use does because it is necessary for simple present tense questions for third person.
09:43In this case,
09:45for she,
09:46does she.
09:49Again,
09:50do appears because you do exercises.
09:55It appears as do and not does because the verb needs to be in the base form of the infinitive.
10:05Of course,
10:05in the past tense,
10:07you would say,
10:08Did you do exercises yesterday?
10:11Did is an auxiliary which is needed to make a question.
10:18Do is from the verb to do.
10:23Do and does for emphasis.
10:27Sometimes do, does, and did are used in positive sentences to give special emphasis
10:36that what you say is true despite what the other person thinks.
10:42Note that when speaking,
10:45the word do, does, or did is stressed.
10:49I do want to go.
10:52We put stress on the word do
10:54to emphasize that we really want to go,
10:58even if you think it is not true.
11:09Notice that did is used for positive sentences in the past tense
11:15and that the main verb is in its base form.
11:20Yes, he does like broccoli.
11:23You may be surprised, but yes, he likes broccoli.
11:28You do need tickets for the event.
11:31I am emphasizing the fact that tickets are needed despite what you think.
11:38You may also be interested in our lesson about the difference between do and make.
11:44So, have a look at that.
11:47I hope you found this lesson about the difference between do, does, did, and done useful.
11:53If you did, click like and subscribe to our channel
11:57so you know when we create new videos to help you improve your English.
12:03Have an awesome day!
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