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00:00:00Better but I tried my best and the final's still really good.
00:00:06Right on guys! Woo!
00:00:08What do you want to do now?
00:00:09Go to the arcades.
00:00:11Okay, Korans.
00:00:13I think they deserve to go to the arcades, guys.
00:00:19Into first place, couple number five, Peter Daskalov and Zia James.
00:00:27It's important to remember how lucky we are that we actually get to experience it.
00:00:33It's always a relief.
00:00:35It's always a big relief.
00:00:37One day we won't have it anymore.
00:00:39And we'll for sure miss it.
00:00:40And then we will miss it, yeah.
00:00:42Incredible, because this is our first win in this category here.
00:00:46How could you not be proud of them though?
00:00:48Oh, we're beyond proud of them.
00:00:49I'm proud of everything. I'm proud of the people they are.
00:00:52I'm proud of how hard they work.
00:00:53With my mum and Nana, it's like they have put their whole life into me in a sense.
00:01:00Like, I feel like they've took away years of their life to actually give it to me instead.
00:01:05You're the rock. You're the thing that underpins it all.
00:01:08Yeah, loads of the mums and dads, they all have to do it for them.
00:01:13I don't know if anyone puts water bottles in the bed and the jam is under them.
00:01:19It's going to get me emotional.
00:01:21I dedicate everything to them two ladies because if it wasn't for them I wouldn't be where I am today.
00:01:30Wait.
00:01:30Wait.
00:01:30Do it zoom in.
00:01:31Wait.
00:01:32The ten years, I've had to revolve for them.
00:01:36Magic.
00:01:42From St Michael's Mountain, Cornwall to Gloucestershire.
00:01:45Next on BBC Two, fascinating finds and digging for Britain.
00:01:49Well over on BBC Four now, Thursday film night with Sean Connery begins with the man who would be king.
00:02:08Welcome to story time.
00:02:10Are you sitting comfortably?
00:02:11We're not going to get this.
00:02:12That's finished.
00:02:13That's what you wanted.
00:02:14There's zero creativity.
00:02:15Can I do a poo in your loo?
00:02:16Oh boy.
00:02:19You're fired.
00:02:20The Apprentice continues tonight at nine on BBC One and iPlayer.
00:02:28We're having a meeting.
00:02:30Go join in.
00:02:31We're on an island and there's no people here.
00:02:34We need to think about food and shelter.
00:02:36Don't you feel it, Jack, when you're in the forest?
00:02:38I want this.
00:02:40I never wanted this.
00:02:41Lord of the Flies starts Sunday at nine on BBC One and iPlayer.
00:02:53Real and raw to light on BBC Two, mums share the challenges of bringing up their autistic sons in an
00:03:00hour.
00:03:01After a new dig for archaeological treasures.
00:03:13This land we call home has a rich and varied history stretching back thousands of years.
00:03:22But hidden below the surface are some amazing treasures just waiting to be found.
00:03:28Oh my gosh, that's insane.
00:03:30That's really cool.
00:03:32So each year across the country, archaeologists dig underground and dive underwater.
00:03:42Searching for fresh discoveries.
00:03:44The most amazing thing in British archaeology.
00:03:47Uncovering traces of ancient lives.
00:03:51Somebody's played in joy, I'm sure.
00:03:53And finding fascinating objects.
00:03:55Such exquisite detail.
00:03:59This year I'll be meeting the archaeologists and looking at some of their most incredible finds.
00:04:06I mean that is stunning.
00:04:09While Dr Tori Herridge is travelling the length of the country to some spectacular locations.
00:04:16Or I'll be dropping in on some of this year's most fascinating digs.
00:04:21Oh my gosh, can you see that?
00:04:24It's just brilliant.
00:04:25Oh my goodness.
00:04:27Every dig provides a new piece in the puzzle of Britain's forgotten past.
00:04:34This is the epic and unfolding story of our islands.
00:04:40Welcome to Digging for Britain.
00:04:53In this episode, archaeologists go searching for the fabled ancient tin isles.
00:05:00Oh my gosh.
00:05:01That is a Bronze Age fingerprint.
00:05:03Yeah.
00:05:04Shining a light on the crucial role Cornwall played in the Bronze Age.
00:05:09It's just destroyed the thing completely.
00:05:12Two huge Roman swords.
00:05:15What's the chances of me on my second time detecting to find such a wonderful item?
00:05:19Wow.
00:05:21Give us a new insight into life in Roman Gloucestershire.
00:05:24What incredible objects.
00:05:26And an ancient fort surprises the archaeologists.
00:05:31What seems obvious often isn't and there's truth is lying in the soil.
00:05:37My second hamster.
00:05:38Whatever seems like.
00:06:03Yours is a charcoalác
00:06:04What is our size of the size of the lineage?
00:06:04What is our sin just try to be?"
00:06:05dramatic stretches of coastline places that were once connected into ancient
00:06:13trade routes linking Britain across the seas with the wider world
00:06:23for our first dig Torrey heads to the Cornish coast to st. Michael's Mount
00:06:30three miles east of Penzance
00:06:38this island has been a medieval monastery a Norman fortress and the site of a civil war siege
00:06:50but long before it became a symbol of faith or power some archaeologists think it may have played
00:06:56a very different role as a vital hub in an ancient trading network of tin a resource that fueled the
00:07:06Bronze Age tin ore is the crucial material ancient metal workers refined to create tin which when mixed
00:07:19with soft copper creates bronze a harder more durable alloy that shaped daily life in the ancient
00:07:26world Cornwall was once home to some of the richest tin ore deposits in Europe and Cornish ore was in
00:07:34demand across the Mediterranean but the true location of one of the main centers where this
00:07:40ore was processed and traded remains a mystery
00:07:46for years people have claimed that St Michael's Mount is the lost island ictus the legendary trading hub for
00:07:53tin in the ancient world it all hinges on the writings of Pythias an ancient Greek explorer who visited Britain
00:08:01in
00:08:01around 320 BC he wrote of locals carting tin across to an island called ictus over a sandbar that appeared
00:08:11at
00:08:11low tide and the similarities with this island are uncanny
00:08:25now in the first research excavation ever carried out on the island a team from durham university and the national
00:08:33trust is investigating what role
00:08:35St Michael's Mount may have played in the Cornish tin trade in particular they're looking for evidence
00:08:42that tin ore was processed refined into tin ingots and then traded here during the Bronze Age leading the
00:08:50dig is archaeologist Ben Roberts what was it that was so special about Cornish tin Cornish tin was prized
00:08:58because of its purity and this would have been valued by bronze smiths all over Europe the time we're
00:09:04talking about when there's a huge boom in bronze use where everyone has apparently got access to as much bronze
00:09:10as they want
00:09:11that seems to have been driven by these incredibly rich tin sources that we're getting in Cornwall and Devon
00:09:19the archaeologists think tin ore mined on the mainland was hauled across to the island at low tide when the
00:09:27causeway was exposed
00:09:29Why on St Michael's Mount and not on the mainland where all of the tin ore deposits are?
00:09:35You can get tin ore almost anywhere in Cornwall and so there's no central production but the distribution
00:09:42points have to be central because your traders had to find the place to trade and this is easily the
00:09:49most
00:09:49visible place from the sea to reach here you've got the ideal mooring place for your boats and the fact
00:09:56that we're on a tidal island is going to make everyone feel a bit
00:09:58safer when the tide has gone out you can bring the tin across the land to St Michael's Mount in
00:10:04quantity
00:10:05and then when the tide came in again everyone is feeling that little bit safer negotiations can begin
00:10:12and then the boats can be loaded up with tin and sail off
00:10:18Ben's theory is strengthened by a discovery made in 2009 when head gardener Darren Little uncovered a
00:10:26remarkable hoard of bronze age artifacts
00:10:31Darren along with Jim parry from the national trust has brought some of those finds to show me
00:10:38look at this this is some really rather beautiful bronze age metal work what's called a meldrift socketed axe
00:10:45that Darren did an amazing job in finding but this piece here in particular is what really stumped us
00:10:51and stumped some of the other metal work professionals because there's nothing that we know like this
00:10:56well it's obviously a buckle and it looks modern exactly so considering we're on St Michael's Mount
00:11:01the thinking was that could this be a civil war buckle but hang on why is it with something that's
00:11:06so
00:11:06clearly bronze age so with a bit more research in other hoards they've found small bits of something very
00:11:13similar but nothing with these beautifully pin in size decoration lines run around the edges
00:11:21so really rather special piece how did you feel i mean my heart would have been racing my heart was
00:11:26racing
00:11:27yeah it was um i remember calling the wife you know she was saying old teaser and i said i
00:11:31can't
00:11:31come out at the moment you know i'm still working you know found a few things and i'll be home
00:11:35shortly
00:11:35and yeah so it's a one in a lifetime chance of finding something like that is found another 50
00:11:41odd items of chisels axe heads pommels and bits of swords ingots
00:11:49while the horde is intriguing the archaeologists need to find more than finished bronze items
00:11:55to prove their theory that tin ore was processed into tin here
00:12:00the team are concentrating on two areas where earlier geophysical surveys revealed features
00:12:06that might be ancient structures and almost immediately the first trench begins to deliver
00:12:17the team's pottery specialist is imogen morris we've got lots of bronze age pottery here we've got a
00:12:24rim shirt oh yes i can see the rim it's got no decoration and this sort of pottery is called
00:12:30plainware
00:12:31because it's it's plain pretty plain yeah and this would have been quite a large vessel quite a simple vessel
00:12:37so it would have been for cooking yeah everyday uses yeah perhaps about that high that's a solid cooking pot
00:12:45but not all of the pottery is plainware we've got quite a beautiful shirt so put your fingers in there
00:12:53oh my gosh that is a bronze age fingerprint and they would have gone all the way around the edge
00:12:57that's it yeah it's quite unusual to get decoration so we're quite lucky to get one that's got those
00:13:02finger pictures really connects you yes
00:13:09the discovery of the pottery suggests there was considerable activity on the island during the bronze
00:13:15age but the team still need evidence of tin ore processing nearby archaeologist alan williams is
00:13:23taking a closer look at some of the finds wonderful stone tools i do like the look of these some
00:13:30of the
00:13:30most exciting finds we've made at st michael's mount can i pick it up absolutely ah and you can see
00:13:36it fits
00:13:37really nicely in the hand so if this has been used for crushing tin ore i would expect that it
00:13:42would be
00:13:43embedded in between the grains because it's really really hard but to show that we need to analyze
00:13:49the edge of the rock and compare it to the general background in the rock geologist sean cleveland has
00:13:58been working on the analysis of the stone tools using a specialist x-ray machine it can detect the amount
00:14:05of tin on specific parts of the stone if they were used to crush tin ore he should see significantly
00:14:13higher readings along the working edge of the stone a result we got from the general background in this
00:14:20rock was what sean 100 to 150 ppm okay amazing whereas the edge of the rock and thrown at 1884
00:14:29ppm oh
00:14:29okay so like a whole 10 times at least and we've seen even higher values on other stones so it's
00:14:36very
00:14:36strong evidence that this is used for tin ore processing you got it absolutely it's the first
00:14:42evidence ever that the saint michael's mount was processing tin ore and was part of the tin trade of
00:14:49the bronze age it's magical that someone used this to grind tin ore on this island 3 000 years ago
00:15:01the high levels of tin found on the edges of the crushing stones is evidence that tin ore was being
00:15:09processed here on the island could this spot on saint michael's mount mark the origin of the ictus myth
00:15:22not just a name from legend but a real place and for cornish tin the gateway to the ancient world
00:15:34cornish tin cornish tin helped usher in a new age transforming tools farming and society itself
00:15:43professor stuart prior is finding out why tin was so important with an experiment that takes us back
00:15:49thousands of years to reveal the knowledge and skills of the ancient metal workers
00:16:00so i'm fascinated by experimental archaeology recreating how things were made in the past
00:16:09so i've asked metalworking expert mark vivian penny to help me cast a set of bronze axe heads
00:16:16to see if we can create a tool that's genuinely strong and durable mark i see there's a lot of
00:16:23raw
00:16:23materials on the floor in front of you what have we got so this is copper wow in order to
00:16:30make that
00:16:31copper stronger because copper bends you would need tin so this is tin i'll hand you some some gravelly bit
00:16:39so again the search for raw materials yeah add a bit of tin tin will make good working bronze which
00:16:45is what the bronze age people use to make all their tools and their weapons and this is bronze
00:16:52so that's much heavier isn't it it is and obviously much stronger right very strong material
00:16:59and you can sharpen it up really sharp and it will keep its edge quite a long time so if
00:17:04we start with
00:17:04copper and then we want to add tin yeah how do we know what the proportion is that they need
00:17:11to add
00:17:11to make the perfect axe the best working tool bronze is made with 10 tin and they would have tried
00:17:20and
00:17:20tested different ways of doing it and you'd know when you've got it wrong because the metal becomes
00:17:25brittle if there's too much in it and if it's just too little in it won't make any difference at
00:17:29all so
00:17:30it's not just a case of adding copper and tin together you've got to get those proportions right
00:17:35exactly hands on how it's on
00:17:43we're casting three different types of axe heads one with too little tin one with too much and one
00:17:51with just the right amount ten percent using a modern furnace to speed things up the metals are heated to
00:18:00over a thousand degrees celsius it is unbelievably hot it's going to get hotter once molten the mix is poured
00:18:09into molds here comes the crucible which has melted to the bottom of the furnace it's so hot
00:18:21you can see why they thought it was magical that is beautiful
00:18:30once the metal has hardened the axe head can be removed from the mold
00:18:36wow this is the bronze one look at that
00:18:41so that's the axe she's now going to put in that bucket to cool
00:18:49there we go look at that lovely gloss
00:18:52it's almost golden isn't it so all that heat and all that work and you get this beautiful
00:18:58axe head at the end well done thank you can't wait to see the finished product
00:19:06it's
00:19:06whilst i sharpen the bronze axe head mark is busy casting more
00:19:13some are just pure copper and the others are laden with tin
00:19:18we've got the axes what's the next step how do we test to see what's the strongest
00:19:23well if we hit them with a hammer bronze age hammer bronze age hammer we can find out how much
00:19:29damage
00:19:30they would take so this is the copper one we'll try that one so
00:19:35a few dents a few dents in it yeah so this has almost no tin in it that one's almost
00:19:45pure copper
00:19:45but it does make a service relax but not a very hard wearing resistant one don't want to hit the
00:19:51next
00:19:51one well this one's got just the right amount of tin in it so let's have a go with the
00:19:57hammer
00:19:59okay you can really hear that ringing can't you that's a beautiful axe that one
00:20:04it's virtually no denseness you can really see that it rings like a bell it's a much more sturdier
00:20:11material it's a beautiful golden color you can imagine this in the hands of the warriors at the
00:20:16time exactly yeah it's amazing we did this experiment to find out what's the right proportion
00:20:23of copper and tin this one's got no tin in it and this one's got far too much tin in
00:20:28it do the hammer
00:20:29test and we'll see what happens oh no it's just destroyed the thing completely yeah my god it's
00:20:40incredible that is completely useless it is chocolate axe yeah chocolate axe waste of time you'd be very
00:20:48disappointed if you'd been sold that wouldn't you so you've got to get that mixture right
00:20:53you've got to get that 10 or you've got something that's not functional at all exactly yeah can i try
00:20:59the other one see how bad that one is yeah we'll see if we've done a better job ready yeah
00:21:04no it's
00:21:06destroyed as well that is hopeless yeah it's amazing that that sounds great so we've done a really good
00:21:13job with this one but this one you can see if you don't get that 10 mixture right you get
00:21:18complete
00:21:18dross yeah yeah it's just amazing but i do feel like i'm a bronze smith right hey congratulations thank you
00:21:38you can
00:21:39say the sun is shining if you're ready when do i can see the moon and see me so big
00:21:44you can take a road
00:21:46if it takes you to the stars now i can take a road at the sun
00:21:55throughout the west of britain archaeologists have long uncovered fragments of the lives that have
00:22:01gone before us
00:22:04but the dig itself is only ever the beginning of the story
00:22:10next we follow up on an excavation that took place in the town of haverford west in wales
00:22:1710 miles north of pembroke
00:22:25archaeology is an evidence-based discipline and sometimes that evidence challenges our preconceptions
00:22:31in fact that's when i find it most exciting now some years ago i visited a medieval priory site in
00:22:39haverford west and we thought we knew what was going on there but professor naomi sykes is visiting
00:22:45the lab where the analysis is revealing an unexpected story
00:22:55as a zoo archaeologist and scientist i'm interested in those moments when science begins to challenge what
00:23:01we think archaeology is telling us
00:23:05and it's in the lab during paste excavation analysis that the real story often emerges
00:23:15and this one begins
00:23:18in the medieval period
00:23:25when digging for britain visited haverford west an incredible story was emerging
00:23:31that is beautiful look at that evidence for the long lost dominican friary of saint saviors
00:23:39which had been hidden for centuries the whole building would have been impressive indicative
00:23:44of a high status monastic building almost 300 burials were recovered giving us our first glimpse
00:23:51into the lives of the medieval friars and the local townsfolk that they serve
00:23:57that at the time archaeologists thought that they were looking at a friary and its cemetery
00:24:02but now post-excavation research at cardiff university is rewriting the story revealing a
00:24:09site that may have been far more than just a burial ground
00:24:16lab analysis of the skeletons reveals that several individuals had endured
00:24:21serious life-threatening injuries
00:24:25that raises new questions about who they were and why they were buried in this friary cemetery
00:24:33dr kira o'brien butler is part of the investigation team
00:24:40this is a male a middle-aged male who has suffered severe sharp force trauma that is nearly sliced
00:24:46off the back of the skull there this one is a sharp force trauma as well probably from a projectile
00:24:51so they've survived these injuries for quite some time after wait they survived yes yes so this is
00:24:57healed uh it has kind of reattached to the back of the skull there and they've lived for possibly
00:25:02years after these injuries occurred and that's not the only thing they have that's healed they broke
00:25:08their jaw at some point in their life as well so look at this there's quite severe trauma there as
00:25:13well that's totally changed the angle of the jaw would this have affected their ability to eat yes
00:25:18definitely i think but interestingly despite this we still have some evidence for quite a rich diet
00:25:23in this individual so we have some pathology of the vertebrae there called dish where these two
00:25:29vertebrae have fused and it happened all up the spine as well this is associated in modern clinical
00:25:34practice with diabetes and obesity and in the past we associate it with monastic diets so quite rich fatty
00:25:41foods alcohol consumption red meat they could have been at the site and enjoying a similar diet being
00:25:46looked after by the monks okay so is this an isolated instance amongst the population that you've been
00:25:51looking at no so we have a lot of evidence for traumatic injuries and care in this population
00:25:56this individual has a bit of iron embedded in the back of their femur so the back of their upper
00:26:02thigh
00:26:02that likely is from a projectile and we can see the bone is healing they also had lots of healed
00:26:07fractures throughout the rest of their skeleton so healed fractures of the feet ribs and also of the
00:26:13hands and so evidence for quite rough lives but some healing as well
00:26:21kira believes the fact these people survived such severe injuries and showed signs of a rich fatty diet
00:26:27suggests they were being cared for and supported within the community
00:26:33but who were they where had they come from and how had they ended up in a friary cemetery
00:26:40to find more answers the team at cardiff university is using isotope analysis
00:26:47the technique examines chemical traces in bones and teeth to reveal clues about a person's origins and
00:26:53movements leading the work is archaeological scientist professor richard madgwick
00:27:01the isotope analysis can tell us a whole range of aspects about human lives whilst the science behind
00:27:08it can be a bit complex the principles are really very simple you are what you eat you are where
00:27:13you
00:27:13eat and to some degree you are how you eat so every time humans consume food and drink chemical signals
00:27:19from those products enter the body enter our skin our hair our nails and handily for archaeologists
00:27:25our bones and our teeth so by analysing tiny fragments we can reconstruct all sorts of
00:27:30uh aspects about movement diet and health in the past different chemical elements preserved in bones and teeth can reveal
00:27:40detailed clues about past lives
00:27:44in particular strontium and oxygen can be analysed together to show where a person was born and grew up
00:27:53strontium can be
00:28:08We've boxed the approximate local range here for not just Haverford West but probably more broadly
00:28:15Wales and we can see the diversity within that local range hints that they're not all
00:28:20directly from Pembrokeshire. We've got quite a few individuals that sit outside of that local range
00:28:26and they must have come from further afield. So do we have any idea where they might have come from?
00:28:32The fact that these oxygen values are really very high, they're beyond what we would think
00:28:37could be achieved in Wales. Hints that they come from a more westerly zone like Ireland and we know
00:28:44historically that there are some strong links between Pembrokeshire and Ireland so I mean it's
00:28:50tantalising but I think it's highly likely these individuals have come from there originally.
00:28:58The lab has transformed the story of the Dominican friary of St Saviour's. The bones once thought
00:29:05to tell a simple monastic tale now reveal lives touched by trauma, care and resilience. Far from
00:29:12just a cemetery, the evidence suggests that this was a place where Dominican friars treated the sick
00:29:18and injured, welcoming people from across Britain and beyond. And it's only due to the power of science
00:29:25science by combining osteology, isotopes and history that we can build a more complete picture of a medieval community.
00:29:34Rings of stories reeled me in, cocked my ear and hooked my chin, a Friday dinner, a fish struck sinner,
00:29:49pull me down lord, put me in.
00:29:58Every year seasoned archaeologists across Britain unearth objects that tell stories of the past.
00:30:08But some remarkable discoveries are made by enthusiastic amateurs.
00:30:16Now we're catching up with a spectacular discovery, a chance find that turned out to be something of national importance.
00:30:28The story began in 2023 in a quiet field on the edge of the village of Willersie,
00:30:3730 miles northeast of Gloucester.
00:30:42Novice metal detectorist Glenn Manning was looking forward to his day.
00:30:49As he began his afternoon sweep, he had no idea he was about to make a discovery that would offer
00:30:55a rare glimpse into the Roman period.
00:31:02Just after lunch, I came up here and I remember the organiser shouting to me,
00:31:08people have already done that, you need to go over to that part of the field and have a look.
00:31:13But something just told me, just carry on doing what you're doing.
00:31:17The metal detector all of a sudden picked up a signal, but it was a little bit jumpy,
00:31:21so I dug down into the ground, probably about 8 to 10 inches, and using my handheld pin-pointer,
00:31:28I came across what just looked like old metal that had a slight point to it.
00:31:34But the patina on it told me that it was something like copper.
00:31:39I thought this looks like a sword, but what's the chances of me on my second time detecting to find
00:31:45such a wonderful item?
00:31:47And in fact, Glenn had uncovered not one, but two ancient swords.
00:31:55Far longer than the gladius, the short stabbing sword usually associated with Roman soldiers, Glenn had found something remarkable.
00:32:05I didn't know how to feel. That's the funny thing, I was quite calm.
00:32:10My feelings obviously have changed now because I understand how rare it is to find something like that.
00:32:15There's a lot of historic value, there's a lot of learning to be done in relation to these swords.
00:32:21When Glenn first discovered the swords, they were so muddied and corroded, it was impossible to tell much about them.
00:32:28But now, after being carefully conserved and x-rayed, the weapons are finally giving up their story.
00:32:40Historic England conservator Carla Graham and Carinian Museum director Emma Stewart have brought them to the Digging for Britain tent.
00:32:52Hello.
00:32:54I've been looking forward to this.
00:32:56I mean, what incredible objects.
00:32:58These are very long swords, aren't they?
00:33:00I mean, obviously, Romans had lots of different types of swords.
00:33:02The gladius was a short one, wasn't it?
00:33:04This isn't a gladius.
00:33:05No, so these are spather, so they're kind of much longer.
00:33:08They would be carried by cavalrymen on horseback.
00:33:11OK.
00:33:11And what we still have, which you can see on the surface here,
00:33:15is that we've got the remains of the wooden scabbard.
00:33:18The wood's decayed away, but the rust has preserved the wood grain.
00:33:21So we've got it on here and on the hills as well.
00:33:24And on this particular sword, the very bright orange, that's the remains of the wood there as well.
00:33:30And we've also got, at the ends here, these beautiful shapes that were attached to the wooden scabbards
00:33:35and would have protected the soldiers from getting stabbed by their own.
00:33:39It's very useful when you're on a horse.
00:33:41Yes.
00:33:41You don't want that, do you?
00:33:43A horse as well, so yes.
00:33:43So these are obviously copper alloy, they'd have been bright and shiny, wouldn't they?
00:33:47Very bright and shiny, and they're decorated.
00:33:50And the swords themselves, the Carinean Museum asked us if we could x-ray them.
00:33:54And what was really exciting about the x-rays is it shows that they're quite different.
00:33:58Have you got the x-rays?
00:33:59I have got the x-rays.
00:34:00Can we have a look at them?
00:34:01Yes, you certainly can.
00:34:03So we did a little bit of enhancement.
00:34:05So there are some lines coming through here.
00:34:08Yes, you can see some lines going down, a bit like a herringbone pattern.
00:34:12Yeah.
00:34:12And that shows that this one is pattern welded.
00:34:16It would have looked amazing.
00:34:18It's basically lots of either strips or rods of metal, which were woven, hammered together,
00:34:24and then a cutting edge put on the outside.
00:34:26And the reason that we're seeing it in the x-ray is because there's a differential corrosion,
00:34:31which is fantastic because it shows up this pattern very well.
00:34:34Because, I mean, you cannot see that, can you?
00:34:36There's nothing to see that.
00:34:37I mean, you've got the grooving down the centre, but that's not the pattern.
00:34:40The only way you can see it is in this x-ray.
00:34:44And what's interesting is one is pattern welded and the other one isn't.
00:34:48So it's higher status, this one.
00:34:50Are we looking at objects that seem to have gone into the ground in a fairly pristine condition?
00:34:56Yes.
00:34:56They've been deliberately buried.
00:34:58They're very carefully placed so they've not been lost.
00:35:01They haven't been bent and destroyed.
00:35:03You can see some potential textile remains, so we're not quite sure if they were bound together.
00:35:08Could have been wrapped in fabric as well.
00:35:09Could have been wrapped in fabric, could have been part of the scabbard.
00:35:12In the ground, they were lying one on top of the other next to the fragments of a bowl here.
00:35:19Tell me about this bowl, because, I mean, this is part of the same group of objects.
00:35:23What does this tell us?
00:35:24This is quite high status in the same way as the pattern welded sword.
00:35:28It's really beautifully decorated.
00:35:29It's obviously quite fragmentary now because this was slightly above the swords,
00:35:34so this suffered the damage first.
00:35:35Some of the pieces were ploughed out, unfortunately.
00:35:37But you can see some beautiful decoration in this deliberate circular pattern.
00:35:42There's no need to do this for functionality.
00:35:45Can I handle these things?
00:35:46You are more than welcome to, yes.
00:35:48Very much.
00:35:49So it looks like it would have had quite high sides.
00:35:51Yes, this is a fragment of the rim, because you can see that lovely lip around the edge there.
00:35:56And it's got some pattern or some ghost of something here.
00:36:00Yes, that's right.
00:36:01This was revealed at conservation, and the conservators had to clean off the mud and the earth and everything.
00:36:05And it would appear that this piece, which we originally thought was part of the scabbard,
00:36:10actually fits perfectly in that piece there.
00:36:13So I saw that and I thought it was a coin. It's not a coin then?
00:36:16It's not a coin. It's a piece of decoration by the looks of things around this rim area.
00:36:21Given that it's decorated and you can tell a certain amount about its style,
00:36:24does that help you to date it as well?
00:36:27It's probably contemporary with the swords, so late 3rd century, around 290.
00:36:32And then what's that?
00:36:33So this piece, it's a different type of metal. So you've just felt the rim.
00:36:38If you have a feel of that, you can feel it's thicker.
00:36:39Oh, it's thicker and heavier.
00:36:41It's not as beautifully polished.
00:36:42This would have been a lidded bowl with something inside it, deposited inside it.
00:36:47It may have been sort of ceremonial deposit with these being deliberately buried.
00:36:52That's a possibility.
00:36:53Yeah, you've got to think about all the possibilities, haven't you?
00:36:55And you've got a find like this where you don't know the wider context.
00:36:59It's kind of delightfully mysterious. I really, I want to know.
00:37:02I really want to know why these objects are buried together.
00:37:06And wonderfully well-fortunered.
00:37:07And even though they look like rusty objects, there's quite a lot of metal still in there.
00:37:11And you can tell by the weight.
00:37:14I can let you feel the weight of this sword here.
00:37:19That is heavier than I expected.
00:37:22That actually is quite a lot heavier.
00:37:25And that's this beautiful pattern-welded sword, isn't it?
00:37:28It is.
00:37:28Yeah.
00:37:29Nearly 2,000 years old.
00:37:32It is curious because they are objects on their own.
00:37:34They don't have a context.
00:37:35I mean, do we even know if there was any Roman cavalry in the area?
00:37:38There were. There was a Roman cavalry base just outside of Carinium, which is Simon Sesta,
00:37:42which is not too far away.
00:37:45Later in the Roman period, there is evidence of Roman military.
00:37:48But there is an interesting shift because there was quite a lot of banditry along the Foss Way.
00:37:54And civilians were known to carry cavalry swords.
00:37:56It's possible that two soldiers may have been killed and this is the wares that were dumped.
00:38:02Because if civilians were found with this type of material and there were two soldiers dead,
00:38:06then you can trace it to them.
00:38:08They're hiding the evidence?
00:38:10That's a possibility.
00:38:11But it's looking like, in terms of the whole context, you clearly got Roman military kit here.
00:38:17There was something special about these swords, something special about this bowl,
00:38:21for somebody to deposit them all together.
00:38:23Yeah. Why did they do it?
00:38:25I mean, we'll never know, will we?
00:38:27But what we do know is that they never came back.
00:38:39I'll hold something radical, you've achieved my love.
00:38:58I love so
00:39:02Let my story grow old
00:39:05That you'll make best from gold
00:39:17Each new artefact can be a source of insight
00:39:21into ancient lives and technologies.
00:39:25But sometimes researchers face a challenge
00:39:28with objects that are so fragile that they're actually impossible to handle.
00:39:38Archaeology isn't just about making new discoveries.
00:39:42We can employ technology now to study, recreate and even handle objects
00:39:48that were dug up a long time ago.
00:39:50Archaeologist Meg Russell is looking at how cutting edge techniques
00:39:54are helping to unlock secrets about Roman surgery.
00:40:03I'm fascinated by objects from the past and it's only natural to want to pick them up.
00:40:08But some artefacts are so fragile that even the lightest touch can cause damage.
00:40:14And when you can't handle them safely, it becomes much harder to understand how they worked or what they were
00:40:19used for.
00:40:22One hundred and twenty-five years ago, a remarkable set of Roman surgical tools was pulled from a river.
00:40:29After spending centuries submerged, the bronze instruments are now so corroded and fragile
00:40:34that touching them risks further deterioration.
00:40:40At the University of Exeter, researchers are pioneering techniques that let them peer beneath
00:40:45those corroded layers to reveal the metalwork underneath.
00:40:49Clues that could transform our understanding of how these tools were designed, manufactured and used.
00:40:58Professor Rebecca Fleming is on hand to explain.
00:41:03These Roman surgical instruments are found in the river Walbrook in London and we've got a scalpel handle,
00:41:11we've got two needles and we've got two very thin probes and a slightly larger spoon as well.
00:41:19Wow, some of these are so delicate and tiny. I'm starting to see a few little details.
00:41:25How difficult is it to work with artefacts that you can't touch yourself?
00:41:30I think it's particularly difficult in this case because these are tools that we use for surgical operations
00:41:35and if we can't get the feel of them and try them out in various ways and really get a
00:41:40sense of exactly how they were constructed,
00:41:42that limits our possibilities in terms of understanding them in various ways.
00:41:46What methods can we use to understand them better?
00:41:49The technique that we use more particularly here is 3D scanning, like a CT scan, a sort of 3D x
00:41:55-ray for objects,
00:41:56which really gives you a very detailed picture of the surface, all of its different imperfections,
00:42:03any details of crafting, which is invaluable for us.
00:42:07And is there anything that you specifically hope the CT scans might show us today?
00:42:11Yes, definitely. So, as you can see, this scalpel handle would have originally been an iron or steel blade
00:42:18and clearly that is replaced pretty regularly. So, a lot of attention would have gone into thinking
00:42:23about how to make the holder. And then thinking about these two needles, this looks very straightforward.
00:42:30This one has something quite different going on in terms of where it might have been threaded,
00:42:35so it would be interesting to look at that.
00:42:39Curator Megan Woolley from the Devon and Exeter Medical Heritage Trust is the only person permitted
00:42:45to handle these fragile instruments.
00:42:51She is securing each one in inert foam and covering with acid-free tissue to create a custom support
00:42:58so it can be scanned safely.
00:43:04Placed on a rotating platform, this high-resolution scanner will capture every tiny detail.
00:43:12It's a painstaking process, with each scan taking more than seven and a half hours.
00:43:21This is a full-on grayscale image containing all of the data. You can already start to see some
00:43:30of the detail in terms of the scoop of the spoon and the different sort of eyes of the needle.
00:43:36Things
00:43:36that are darker are denser and we can visualise that much more clearly in different colours.
00:43:41Look at that! That's fantastic! The blue is the densest and then green and then going less dense,
00:43:49orange and yellow. There are two things that are of significance, one of which is about the object
00:43:56in its original form and maybe it was actually intentional that parts of it were less dense,
00:44:02parts of it were more dense in terms of strength or in terms of balance. Particularly for scalpels,
00:44:08balance is very important. And then the other thing is conservation.
00:44:11and looking after these objects now, you can see if there's a particular area of weakness.
00:44:17So it's obviously valuable information for the curators.
00:44:22And that's not all. These scans are so data-rich that they can be sent straight to the engineering lab.
00:44:29Oh my gosh, look at these! Where 3D printers machine precise replicas, allowing us to finally get
00:44:38hands-on with incredibly detailed copies. It's really fascinating to see the processes at work
00:44:44and even more interesting to see the results in various ways. This is that complex needle that we
00:44:50talked about. Now you can get really to grips with the complexities of it. So it's got a sizeable hole
00:44:55there which you could thread in various different ways and then it's also got a hole here. That second
00:45:00hole is a surprise. You couldn't see it in the actual artifact itself at all. We haven't been able
00:45:07to find anything that looks exactly the same. There's clearly more to that than just sewing up
00:45:14bandages. I love that now you can tell a little bit more potentially about function of these objects.
00:45:20I mean this must just lift a lot of limitations for you with what you can and can't see with
00:45:25the real thing.
00:45:26Yeah, exactly. And you can start to think about the scalpel handle. You can see the sort of thought
00:45:30that's gone into this. You have the flatten and then you have something that you can hold.
00:45:34The blades would have been put there. This would have opened and you'd use this to pull it apart and
00:45:39then
00:45:40it would snap back together. And this is obviously very practical. So this is in a resin but you can
00:45:45do
00:45:453D printing in metal. So you could try and print it in bronze and then get a nice scalpel blade,
00:45:53put it
00:45:54in the hand of a surgeon practicing today and see what they they made of it. We've got the texts
00:45:59that
00:45:59talk about different sorts of operations. So do the tools seem to be appropriate for the kind of
00:46:06practices that are being described?
00:46:10The more I handle these tools, the more I see how technology is bridging the gap
00:46:15between the past and present. And it's not just medical instruments. This technology can be applied
00:46:24to all kinds of items. By recreating them and putting them to use, we bring multiple disciplines
00:46:31together, opening up endless possibilities to explore and understand ancient artifacts in entirely new ways.
00:47:07Every year across the west archaeologists embark on new digs.
00:47:16Sometimes they set out with a good idea of what they might find.
00:47:21But when the digging starts, they have to be ready for their theories to be turned on their heads.
00:47:29For our next dig, Torrey is heading to the wild south west coast of Wales,
00:47:34to Buckspool in Pembrokeshire.
00:47:50This has to be one of the most spectacular and precarious sites I've ever filmed at.
00:47:55This whole area is an active military training zone. And because it's off limits to the public,
00:48:00the archaeology here has stayed remarkably intact.
00:48:07Perched on a headland jutting into the Celtic Sea, a team of archaeologists and military veterans
00:48:14are investigating two circular structures.
00:48:22From the air, the site shows all the hallmarks of a promontory fort dating back over 2,000 years,
00:48:31to the Iron Age.
00:48:40This stretch of coastline was once dotted with promontory forts, remote and exposed to the elements.
00:48:50But what were they for? And who might have lived in a place like this?
00:48:55Archaeologist Richard Osgood is leading the dig.
00:49:00Richard, this is properly spectacular. This is just gorgeous.
00:49:07It's such an elemental place, isn't it? It's really, really beautiful.
00:49:09This is Buckspool Promontory Fort.
00:49:11That has an awful lot of information in the name on a promontory.
00:49:16Yep.
00:49:16We can't argue with that. That's true.
00:49:18Is it a fort?
00:49:19Good question. I think it's more about impressing your neighbours,
00:49:22having big ditches and ramparts for sure, but this is a showy thing.
00:49:25So I think it's much more than defensive and military.
00:49:29So this is the way in?
00:49:30It is the way in. You can see the big ditch here and the embankment behind it.
00:49:34It would have been, I think, quite a bit deeper and you would have had a higher rampart behind
00:49:38with a big timber palisade and the massive timber gateway that we're standing under at the moment.
00:49:43So this would have been hugely impressive.
00:49:45When you paint that picture there, you just realise, you know, not only how monumental
00:49:49that I would have felt, but coming in from this kind of relatively flat land,
00:49:53to dramatic deep-sided ditches, towering gates, great wall in front.
00:49:59You wouldn't be able to see anything ahead of you.
00:50:01You have no idea what's coming next.
00:50:03Everything from this point onwards is a surprise when you get into the settlement.
00:50:12Because of its location, the archaeology here has remained largely unexplored.
00:50:20But early surveys and aerial imagery suggest that this is the footprint of two Iron Age roundhouses.
00:50:30We're now within the settlement area, we've come through these Iron Age defences
00:50:33and we're into the excavation proper of these structures.
00:50:36So you've got this circle defined by these blocks of limestone,
00:50:39but it cuts through a little passageway into a second one.
00:50:41So you're looking at a figure of eight of these two circular structures.
00:50:45They seem big. Is that big for a roundhouse?
00:50:47Not especially big for a roundhouse.
00:50:49There are two courses, at least, going around there, sat on top of the bedrock,
00:50:52and forming this arc, presumably once of a circle.
00:50:56There's a big tumble of rock there, that's bedrock.
00:50:58So this is where it gets confusing, because if this is a roundhouse,
00:51:01the last thing you want is that as your floor.
00:51:04So I'm not entirely convinced, even if there's a scree of earth put over it, that that is a floor.
00:51:13Iron Age roundhouses typically had a single entrance
00:51:16and a stone half in the centre for cooking and heating.
00:51:22We've not got those elements that would just scream roundhouse at you.
00:51:25I think it's more than that, because you've got this arc of stones in a couple of courses,
00:51:30but I've not got that half. The entranceway is probably there,
00:51:33but is it actually connecting you with a third structure?
00:51:35In which case you've got three cells connected to another, but is that the sort of thing you get
00:51:40in the living structure? I don't think it is.
00:51:45And the mystery deepens, as none of the small finds appear to have any connection to the Iron Age.
00:51:55What have you been finding, then? Coins. Lots of coins here today. It's unbelievable.
00:52:00I found nine this morning. I found a couple around here and some over there.
00:52:04It's just odd that they're, like, around here.
00:52:07Well, it's really odd, isn't it? If this is some kind of roundhouse,
00:52:11this would be where the door would be roughly, isn't it? Sort of coming in here.
00:52:15Yeah, that way, yeah. Yeah, coming in that way. So, it's a bit of a mystery.
00:52:18I mean, it does feel like this place is turning up unexpected things.
00:52:25And even more unexpected is that these coins all date from the Roman occupation of Britain.
00:52:32It's a twist that changes the story.
00:52:37Archaeologist Fran Murphy is trying to piece together the puzzle.
00:52:41Oh, wow. OK. It's just, like, bag after bag of coins.
00:52:44So, those are just some of the selections that have been found.
00:52:49This coin is Emperor Constantine, and he is 4th century.
00:52:55Also, we've had coins of Carousius. OK, and when's Carousius?
00:52:59Um, late third.
00:53:01This is a lovely coin. You can really see the profile of the head there.
00:53:04And is that one next to it, also?
00:53:06Well, this is a little minim. What's a minim?
00:53:09This is the smallest denomination. Just a few millimetres in diameter.
00:53:15What is interesting is that we don't normally find these coins when they're difficult to find.
00:53:20But equally, the numbers that we're finding them.
00:53:22So, if you were coming here to ask the gods to help you in something,
00:53:26you use your lowest denomination coin.
00:53:29It's like throwing a penny or a 2p into a wishing well.
00:53:32Is that what they're doing? Is that why we're getting this big concentration of coins?
00:53:40Alongside the coins, the team is unearthing a considerable amount of pottery.
00:53:47We have probably now got one of the biggest assemblages of Roman pot from south-west Wales,
00:53:52from this small site.
00:53:54The quantity itself is gobsmacking. The number of rim sherds.
00:53:58A lot of it is black burnished ware.
00:54:00Some of the wares we just don't see around here.
00:54:05One thing that's really interesting is all these objects are broken.
00:54:08And there is a theory that you're planting materials in pits as an offering for future prosperity.
00:54:15Depositing bits of everything they need for life as an offering with a coin.
00:54:21Bringing goods which they want to deposit in this area because it has some significance.
00:54:27Having uncovered the pottery and more than 160 coins, the team is beginning to think this place may
00:54:34have held a special spiritual significance long after the Iron Age during the later Roman period.
00:54:42And the landscape itself may help explain why this spot held such power.
00:54:52Archaeologist Toby Driver is a specialist in Welsh hill forts.
00:54:57It's just so dramatically vertical on either side.
00:55:03It's a different life you have here. It's a cultural phenomenon living on the coast in prehistory and Roman times
00:55:10here.
00:55:10We know Celts saw their gods residing in remote, dangerous places and nowhere is that more dramatic than at the
00:55:19coast.
00:55:22We have antiquarian writers describing this.
00:55:25The slam of waves into these coastal chasms being like gunshots.
00:55:30And these enormous sprays of foam with rainbows being cast.
00:55:33Now we understand what a rainbow is today.
00:55:35But 2000 years ago, what on earth do they think about that?
00:55:37Were the gods angry at particular times of year, particular seasons?
00:55:44In most of the ancient world, people are chucking stuff into chasms, sacrifices, offerings as well.
00:55:50And that may have been a very important part of what Buckspool was 2000 years ago.
00:55:57Imagine walking over that rock arch.
00:56:01The waves are booming.
00:56:02The spray is coming up and catching the lights.
00:56:05It would feel like you're passing into a different world here.
00:56:08Yep.
00:56:09We've just learned more about Buckspool in the last two weeks than we have in decades.
00:56:13But all that new knowledge, we've got to process it.
00:56:16We've got to think of new ways to understand this life at the edge of the coast.
00:56:28So what seemed like quite a simple story is actually turning out to be far more complicated,
00:56:34mysterious.
00:56:35Absolutely.
00:56:35And that is why you dig.
00:56:37Because it looked really logical.
00:56:39You've got a promontory port, you've got geophysics, you've got LiDAR,
00:56:42load of circles, roundhouses, people living in here in the Iron Age, job done.
00:56:46And it's not like that.
00:56:47There's so much more complexity here.
00:56:49And that's what really excites about archaeology, isn't it?
00:56:52Because what seems obvious often isn't, and there's truth, is lying in the soil.
00:57:02While the promontory fort may still have its roots in the Iron Age,
00:57:06Richard now thinks that by the Roman period, this place was evolving into something different.
00:57:16A place where offerings may have been made to the gods, all perched on the very edge between the known
00:57:23world and the spiritual realm.
00:57:32The promontory fort at Buxpool is a great example of how archaeology can challenge our expectations and our ideas about
00:57:41the past.
00:57:43Turning a simple story into something more complex and compelling.
00:57:55Richard went in with an idea.
00:57:57He thought he was going to be excavating Iron Age roundhouses in this promontory fort,
00:58:02and it would help them understand the nature of what was going on there.
00:58:05And then they started digging, and the finds were Roman, overwhelmingly Roman.
00:58:11Nothing that could be definitively tied to the Iron Age.
00:58:14I always enjoy it when archaeologists find something they're not expecting.
00:58:18The richness of this site astounded all of the archaeologists working there.
00:58:25All of these Roman coins, a really huge number of them, including really small denominations.
00:58:30This is not like a wealthy hoard that has been stashed somewhere, it's small change stuff.
00:58:35But of course, that Roman date doesn't mean that that site didn't exist and wasn't occupied in the Iron Age.
00:58:42So the crucial thing here will be all of the post-excavation analysis that Richard and his team will do,
00:58:48and then we'll get a much bigger picture and we'll know how long that settlement lasted,
00:58:52how far back in time it goes, whether it does extend right back into the Iron Age as well.
00:58:56Yeah, and what it was. I mean, I think that's the big overwhelming question is like, still, what was it?
00:59:02Definitely a watch this space situation, I think, with this promontory fort.
00:59:14Here on Digging for Britain, we're not accustomed to blowing our own trumpet.
00:59:21It's more tuneful than I thought it would be.
00:59:24But what a year it's been.
00:59:27The most amazing thing in British archaeology.
00:59:31We've seen evidence of life here stretching back further than ever before.
00:59:36This stuff was already fossilised by the time dinosaurs were walking around.
00:59:39Some finds were a privilege to uncover.
00:59:42You were the first person to see that for 1400 years.
00:59:45That is phenomenal.
00:59:46Others were best left alone.
00:59:49This is a bottle of 85-year-old beer.
00:59:51Yeah, I think that can stay in there.
00:59:52But each one sheds new light on the stories of people who lived and died on these shores.
01:00:07It really brings back a lot of humanity to what we're studying, thinking about how they may have lived,
01:00:13how they may have died.
01:00:14It's a child buried with weapons as the man that he would have become.
01:00:19He's been subjected to surgery.
01:00:21Yes.
01:00:21I wonder who he was.
01:00:30It's amazing to touch the past in such a personal way.
01:00:41We've discovered that our ancient ancestors weren't all that dissimilar to us.
01:00:46They liked to kick back and relax.
01:00:49In their leisure time, they're sitting beside the hearth, they're playing games.
01:00:53They had a sense of the aesthetic.
01:00:55Such a poignant connection to this person.
01:00:57All that's surviving in the grave of them is their incredible style.
01:01:01And they entrusted their legacy to those who followed them.
01:01:05It's a treasured item that has passed down through the generations.
01:01:08Yeah, it's an heirloom.
01:01:09Yeah.
01:01:11All across Britain, archaeologists continue to dig for clues to past lives.
01:01:17Who knows what treasures are waiting to be unearthed next year?
01:01:27Our bodies reveal the truth, helping victims' families get justice for their murdered loved ones on iPlayer.
01:01:35On BBC Sounds, Hugh Furley-Whittingstall explores the fibre factor.
01:01:39Could it improve the nation's health?
01:01:54We might be standing on the verge of something great, but the work is ugly.
01:01:59Who did I marry?
01:02:00Shouldn't you know that, darling?
01:02:01It's anti-status quo.
01:02:04Anti-power.
01:02:05Which part of that is meant to be a problem for us?
01:02:07The new series of industry continues Monday at 10.40 on BBC One and iPlayer.
01:02:14We scroll, skim, scan.
01:02:17But when you take a moment to listen, what happens?
01:02:20You're listening to BBC Radio 4.
01:02:22You see the world through someone else's eyes.
01:02:24I started to experience fame, become a cartoon character.
01:02:28You look at things differently.
01:02:29Employees now are more likely to get on the housing ladder by being loyal to their parents than being loyal
01:02:33to their boss.
01:02:34A new perspective appears.
01:02:35Having a large, diverse social network decreased our risk of death by 45%.
01:02:39Radio 4. The more you listen, the more you see. Listen on smart speaker.
01:02:48Now on BBC Two, Mums show reporter Tara Mills the challenges of living with autistic sons, whose outbursts often injure
01:02:56them.
01:02:57With upsetting scenes of a raw, emotionally charged nature, it's another chance to see the spotlight film I Am Not
01:03:04Okay, which was first shown in 2024.
01:03:07And find out what happened next.
01:03:20These are incredible women.
01:03:29The four of them are on a journey.
01:03:40Revealing their extraordinary lives for the first time.
01:04:11Normally, it's impossible to do anything like this.
01:04:18Because of what is happening to them.
01:04:34The worst thing was when he kicked me really hard to the head one day and I jolted back and
01:04:46the next few hours I was just quite dizzy and just didn't feed myself and
01:04:53phoned the GP and he sent me to ANE to check for injuries and concussion.
01:05:00I don't know what happened but he just got me by his throat.
01:05:04I'm not sure really how I got out of it.
01:05:06He kicked my arm up against the door frame
01:05:10and I ended up having to go down to the hospital to check if my arm was damaged.
01:05:16The soft tissue damage on my arm.
01:05:19He bit my eye socket which required medical attention
01:05:24but constantly headbanging and headbutting me.
01:05:28It's just there's a litany of different things that he continues to do.
01:05:33The strangulation is worrying at the minute because he's not letting go of me.
01:05:40He pulls me by the hair to the floor and literally drags me about like a ragdoll by the hair.
01:05:49He pulls out clumps, clumps in the hair.
01:06:03It's just getting harder than that, don't you?
01:06:08I love my son more than anything, but it's my son that is hurting me.
01:06:15I absolutely adore him, but it's my son that's hurting me.
01:06:21I adore him as much as he adores me.
01:06:26It's my son.
01:06:29It's my son that's been hurting me.
01:06:33It's my son that's doing these things.
01:06:37And I love him, it's hard to take when it's your son.
01:06:41It's my son that's hurting me.
01:06:41I love him.
01:07:09eden
01:07:34When Danny was born, just absolutely it.