- il y a 20 heures
The Future of Connectivity
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00:00Now, I want you to think about the last time you left your home without a smartphone.
00:09Was it yesterday or a few years ago?
00:13Now, the reality is everyone walked in with your smartphones,
00:17and I see some of you holding them right now, texting or emailing a colleague.
00:22And, you know, the truth is we're connected 24-7.
00:26And we often take for granted how that connectivity or how fragile that connectivity can be.
00:34But what happens when geopolitics, global tensions or technical limitations threaten that constant connectivity?
00:43How do we make sure we stay online, not just today, but for the long haul?
00:49This next panel brings a dose of reality.
00:53Diving into the future of the web, the future of satellites, the risks ahead,
01:00and what it will truly take to keep the world connected.
01:05So, without further ado, please give an energetic welcome to the following panel of speakers.
01:11We have Sunil Bharti, the chairman of OneWeb.
01:15We have David Kavadoliz, the CEO of Arianespace, and the moderator, of course, Jeremy Wilson, from Euronews.
01:26Thank you.
01:28Hi, everybody.
01:29Thanks for being here.
01:30I can see you're all online.
01:32It's wonderful if you're online, isn't it?
01:34But sometimes those things are threatened, Sunil.
01:37And we saw that happen in the Iberian Peninsula.
01:39We saw that happen when Elon Musk threatened to take the Ukrainians offline with Starlink.
01:45When those sorts of things happen, what's going through your mind?
01:48Well, I think we are in a very interesting times, if I may use that word.
01:53And we also now know that without connectivity, there is no life.
01:58And you also mentioned what happened in Spain, and we have seen in many other parts of the world,
02:04connectivity is now the lifeline.
02:06There is no doubt about that.
02:08And yet we know that my industry, which is the mobile telecom industry,
02:13has not been able to fulfill its commitment to connect the last remaining two billion people.
02:19And thankfully, there is hope now in the Leo constellations that you can connect anybody, anywhere.
02:24where all you have to do is raise your hand, and we will be there.
02:29But when you see what has happened in that landscape,
02:33there has been a kind of an erosion of trust, hasn't there?
02:37Do you think that that is something that's going to carry on, actually?
02:42Because we've seen these niggling moments, attacks, infrastructure attacks, etc.
02:48Yeah, I mean, I think the world is in a different place now.
02:51You have to have resiliency of your own.
02:54I mean, in the case of Europe, not each country, but at least the European Union or Europe as a
02:59whole,
02:59needs to pull together its weight to build its own resilience on connectivity from space.
03:05The U.S. has gone far ahead.
03:07I mean, let's acknowledge what's happening at SpaceX, Starlink, is unprecedented.
03:12In the last five, six, seven years, what they have done is never seen before.
03:17Yeah.
03:17That my friend is here, we'll talk more about it, David, but if you start to launch a rocket every
03:24two days from the world which was doing 8, 10, 12 a year, I think it's a game changer.
03:30When you put not 5, 10, 20 satellites or Leica 650 satellites, but 6,000 or 7,000 satellites, that's
03:38a game changer.
03:38So, there is availability, but is it a reliable availability?
03:44My answer is yes and no.
03:46You cannot not say that the Starlink product is not available across the globe.
03:51No.
03:51But you need always a secure, owned, controlled constellation as well.
03:58And that's where my company, UtilSight OneWeb, will play a big role for Europe.
04:03Tell me about confidence in your business as well when it comes to American partners, for example.
04:10What's the view currently for Arianespace?
04:12You know, two years ago, with Arianespace, we launched a very, very special spacecraft, a $10 billion spacecraft called the
04:22James Webb Telescope.
04:23And the mission was a full success.
04:26It led to a breakthrough in terms of science, and it was a highlight in the cooperation with the U
04:32.S.
04:32Of course, today, the situation has changed.
04:35We see a lot of scientific programs, a lot of exploration programs that are threatened.
04:42That said, the reality is that today, more than 50% of my business is done with U.S. customers,
04:49and among them, Amazon is a huge one.
04:53As you may know, we have been selected, Arianespace, to be one of the key partners to deploy the huge
04:59constellation that is called Kuiper, and of course, we are very proud of it.
05:02But what if Donald Trump suddenly hears about that and says, I don't want a French company launching Amazon satellites
05:11into space.
05:12I want it to be Americans.
05:13What happens in that situation?
05:15Because your business is suddenly, you've lost half of it.
05:17What is clear is that today's world is very uncertain.
05:21OK, we cannot be sure of anything.
05:24So we have to be resilient.
05:26Today, we have a lot of U.S. customers, as I mentioned, and my job is to deliver.
05:32I think the best service we deliver to them, the stronger the relationship with them.
05:37That said, our model is very international.
05:39Of course, we have European customers, public but also private.
05:43We are very active in Asia.
05:46And the situation today, and maybe we will discuss it a bit later, is that there is a sort of
05:51scarcity in the market of launchers.
05:55So we are confident.
05:57We are working with a lot of customers worldwide.
05:59But again, I want the relationship with the U.S. to stay stronger.
06:03But do you trust?
06:05Do you trust American companies now?
06:08You know, I meet my U.S. partners on a weekly basis, if not on a daily basis.
06:14We are focused.
06:15The teams are working together, hand in hand.
06:18So, yes, I trust them.
06:20I think I can say they trust me as well, and we will continue.
06:23Sonil, how do you see the geopolitical situation playing out related to connectivity?
06:29Because when it comes down to it, if you want to control the world, control your country, you need connectivity.
06:34If you want everybody to get along and business to work, you need connectivity.
06:38How do you see the situation at the moment?
06:40How are you assessing it?
06:42Yeah, I mean, there are multiple levels of connectivity, right from the fiber into the ground, into your homes and
06:49offices,
06:50to mobile networks, which are getting smarter, bigger, better, with higher capacities, to now moving on to space.
06:57The future of the world depends a lot on the space now.
07:01We have seen it in the last few wars that we are seeing.
07:04We have seen even back home in India, Pakistan, a short skirmish that took place.
07:10We saw drones going back and forth.
07:12Ukraine, Russia, we are seeing every day the drone wars going on.
07:16It's all getting controlled out of space.
07:18So, it's become a very important tool for the future of the world in connectivity.
07:23And any country, society that remains behind in this is going to suffer immensely.
07:29So, all the telecom companies also now start to roll in this strategy, connectivity from space as well.
07:36And that is where the capacity that the U.S. is building is multiple times than anybody else.
07:42And that's where there's work to be done by Asia, by Europe and other actors.
07:48Tariffs is another hot topic, of course.
07:50How is that impacting your business at the moment, the U.S. tariffs?
07:53Talent?
07:54The tariffs.
07:55Tariffs, yeah.
07:56Now, tariffs, again, is a function of capacity.
07:59In 2G, you had this much capacity.
08:01In 3G, you moved up.
08:024G, you went up.
08:03And in 5G, you've gone many times.
08:05Now, on that score, you have to give credit to Starlink, to Elon Musk.
08:11The capacity that they're putting together is very high.
08:13That gives them the power to reduce rates.
08:17Dramatically compared to other smaller constellations.
08:20That advantage they will have.
08:22That is why the public consumer market is going to be much difficult for others to catch up.
08:31But there are enterprise-grade services, defense, maritime, aviation, where you could have very special kind of tariffs,
08:40where you can have your financial viability.
08:42But I'm talking about the American tariffs on trade, though, that are related to raw materials, etc., those sorts of
08:50things.
08:50Are they impacting you when you're building rockets, for example?
08:56Are you facing scarcities?
08:58Did it change in price?
08:59For the moment, the rocket is built in Europe, and then we sell services.
09:04We sell launch services.
09:06So we are not in the scope of tariff.
09:08There is no direct impact.
09:10That said, of course, there are impacts.
09:12There are indirect impacts, but strong impacts.
09:14The first one, of course, is negative.
09:17Tariff and the fluctuation of tariff creates uncertainty, and uncertainty is not good for business.
09:23So I see customers, I see satellite operators postponing, rescheduling or reshuffling some investment,
09:31because you cannot invest when the world is too uncertain.
09:35Conversely, there are also some positive potential impacts, even if they should arrive a bit later,
09:41because, you know, more and more players understand the importance of sovereignty.
09:45I see a lot of states understanding that they cannot rely on one partner for their space needs.
09:53So typically, more and more states and institutions want to launch sovereign telecom constellations,
10:00like Iris Square that we have in Europe.
10:03And on the private side, what I see also is that a lot of CEOs of satellite operators' companies tell
10:11me,
10:12David, I cannot rely on only one launcher.
10:16It's too risky from a strategic standpoint to put all my eggs in the same basket,
10:21and for this reason, they ask for an alternative, and if possible, a non-US alternative.
10:27This is why it could be positive for us, but now we need to ramp up.
10:30But at the moment, his order books are full, though, at the moment, which means good news for you,
10:36but also, how do you keep the capacity going?
10:38Because you need a lot of, you need to replace your satellites soon as well.
10:42Yeah.
10:42Thankfully, in the telecom world, the tariff wars are not a problem.
10:47It's a very domestic businesses, very insular business,
10:50and also keep in mind that the space connectivity or the space industry is very bespoke.
10:55They are not mass-scale produced, you know, stuff on the supply chain where you have any tariff impacts and
11:01all that.
11:02These are very, you know, you build a thousand satellites, there are a thousand components of it.
11:06So I would say tariffs have no role to impact this industry,
11:10but overall global economy and other things reshape and contribute to your industry as well.
11:16But this is a resilient industry.
11:17If you see the telecom stocks since the Trump wars have started, they've all gone up.
11:22Right, yeah.
11:24But going back to this question of boosting the launch rate, then, from Arianespace,
11:29which you're going to need to do if you've got these customers,
11:32how are you going to do that?
11:33Because at the moment, you're not launching often, let's be honest.
11:38You're aiming for eight per year, something like that.
11:41Is that right?
11:41How do you boost it and ramp it up?
11:44Well, you know, current situation is a sort of paradox
11:47because in the world, we never witnessed in the past that many launches.
11:51Some weeks ago, in less than 24 hours, six rockets have been fired.
11:57Okay?
11:57Today, you have a lot of new companies wanting to create a new launcher,
12:01and especially there in Vivatech, I'm quite sure that some of them are present.
12:05And at the same time, there is a sort of scarcity.
12:08A lot of clients are telling me,
12:10David, you need to ramp up faster and you need to go beyond your initial targets.
12:15So, you know, I will be very honest, we are in a recovery.
12:19Okay?
12:20Last year, we went almost out of the market
12:22because we were waiting for a new rocket to come.
12:25We did our maiden flight with Ariane 6 last year.
12:29It was a success.
12:31Earlier this year, we did our first commercial flight,
12:33and it was a great success.
12:35So now, of course, we need to accelerate.
12:37Our target is to be at 9 to 10 per year.
12:42We are discussing it backstage with Sunil.
12:44Of course, it's small compared to some competitors.
12:47For us, it's already a first challenge
12:49because it's twice more than what we had for Ariane 5.
12:54So we are stretching all the supply chain.
12:57We reach this objective.
12:58And then the question we are studying, of course, is,
13:01should we go?
13:02Could we go beyond 10?
13:04The answer is probably yes.
13:05So let's make this happen.
13:07And in parallel of that, of course,
13:09we need to produce more launchers,
13:11but also to improve the launcher.
13:12So next year, we will release a new version.
13:15In our sector, we call it a Block 2,
13:18so version 2 of Ariane 6,
13:20that will be heavier,
13:22that will be able to carry more satellites
13:24or bigger satellites.
13:26And then we are also working on,
13:28let's say, more advanced technologies
13:30to prepare the next generation of launchers
13:32that will most likely be reusable.
13:34We know that we need to build more resilience
13:37in this market, in connectivity.
13:40What would you say at the moment
13:42are the big bottlenecks,
13:43the roadblocks that you face in your business?
13:47Are they regulatory?
13:48Are they to do with launch capacity?
13:50Are they to do with other constraints?
13:53I think there are multiple constraints.
13:55Let's start with the basic.
13:58On one side, you have American providers
14:00who have unlimited access to cash,
14:03both state and private.
14:05NASA is funding tens of billions of dollars
14:07of subsidies to these companies
14:09to grow their space industry.
14:11That's your raw material in life.
14:12That's one fundamental thing.
14:14Secondly, launches.
14:15When my own company,
14:17which is a French company,
14:18wants Ariane's Pass to give rockets,
14:19there are none.
14:20You need much more launch capacities.
14:23Will new players like David mentioned,
14:26Relativity Space, some others.
14:27will India replace Soyuz,
14:31Roscosmos, Russian rockets availability,
14:33which is gone, Japanese.
14:36So we need a lot of launches.
14:38So that's the second part.
14:39The third is on the satellite itself.
14:42There are fragmented manufacturing supply chains,
14:45Thales, Airbus, Leonardo in Europe.
14:48I really hope that they can all come together
14:51and put together a very strong satellite manufacturing base
14:55which can serve the globe.
14:56So there are multiple levels of obstacles at the moment.
14:59Within that, we are managing our way,
15:01which is difficult, tough,
15:04but we are managing through.
15:05But, for example,
15:06OneWeb has launched with the Indians once.
15:09So you would see expansion
15:11from the Indian Space Agency as well in the launches?
15:15Yeah.
15:15I mean, we used two rockets from India,
15:18and we had to go to SpaceX,
15:20our competitors,
15:21to get three rockets from them.
15:22They were very generous in giving that.
15:24So, yes, we need launches.
15:27Our first preferences are in Spurs,
15:30ISRO in India.
15:31But if they can't have enough capacity,
15:33then we have to go to SpaceX.
15:34But if the war in Ukraine comes to an end,
15:38Soyuz, can Soyuz come back online?
15:40Can it come back online quickly?
15:42Well, as you know,
15:44until recently,
15:45we exploited three launchers,
15:46including Soyuz.
15:48With the war in Ukraine,
15:50we stopped brutally to exploit Soyuz.
15:53And, in fact,
15:54we de-risked the program
15:56when we launched Ariane 6
15:57because we say Ariane 6,
15:59but there are two Ariane 6.
16:00There is the most powerful one,
16:02this one,
16:03with four boosters,
16:04which is the range of Ariane 5,
16:06so very heavy launcher,
16:08heavier than the Falcon 9.
16:09And then there is Ariane 6 T2
16:12with two boosters.
16:13This is the one we fired earlier this year
16:16and that we'll fire again in August.
16:18And this one is the range of Soyuz.
16:20So now, with Ariane 6,
16:22we can cover what Soyuz did.
16:25Of course, the challenge, again,
16:26is to ramp up
16:27to make more launchers available.
16:29But have you got Soyuz launchers,
16:32for example,
16:33hanging around,
16:34ready to go?
16:35If you can get the Russian staff back,
16:37could you start using them
16:39straight away?
16:41So the reality is that
16:42with the war in Ukraine,
16:44we stopped radically
16:45to exploit Soyuz.
16:47Some operations were in progress.
16:49If the war ends
16:50and then suddenly,
16:51like, next month,
16:52you're free to go,
16:53could you go?
16:54Well, you know,
16:55when a rocket stood
16:57in some,
17:00near the launch pad
17:01for some years
17:02and some satellites as well,
17:04it's not necessarily a good idea
17:05to try to launch them.
17:06Maybe we have to refurbish
17:08a little bit.
17:09Now, with regard to the future,
17:11for the moment there is a war,
17:12we don't talk with Russia.
17:14That's it.
17:15Then, let's see what happens.
17:16In the past,
17:17we exploited a range of launchers.
17:19I think that the fact
17:20to have several launchers
17:21is sound
17:22because it allows
17:23to answer
17:24to more customer needs.
17:27Okay?
17:27Small satellites,
17:28constellation,
17:29heavier satellites.
17:30So I believe in the range.
17:31Now,
17:32what will be the launcher
17:33in the range?
17:33is not Soyuz for the moment.
17:35Maybe an Indian launcher.
17:37Why not?
17:37I'm absolutely open
17:39to any cooperation.
17:40Suddenly,
17:41you want to get
17:41the rest of the world,
17:42everybody who's not online,
17:44connected.
17:45Is then this launch capacity
17:47their number one break
17:49for you at the moment?
17:51I think so.
17:52And I honestly,
17:53I don't think so.
17:54The Russian launchers
17:55are coming back
17:55anytime soon.
17:56Even if the war ends,
17:58it will be years
17:59before everybody
18:00can have that kind
18:01of a relationship
18:02back in a very strategic,
18:05sensitive sector
18:06like launchers.
18:07Yeah.
18:07Because you're sending
18:08your satellites
18:08off to Russia.
18:11Nobody's going
18:11to be comfortable.
18:12So for years,
18:13that program is out.
18:14That creates a problem.
18:16Yeah.
18:16Which means
18:17we really need
18:19Aryan Spurs
18:19to step up
18:20to tens and dozens
18:22of them every year
18:22rather than just 10, 12.
18:24India needs to step up
18:25from 8, 10,
18:27GSLVs to much more.
18:29Japan needs to step up
18:30and non-SpaceX
18:32and Blue Origin
18:33people like
18:35the Lockheed Martin
18:37consortium
18:38need to step up.
18:40How are the expectations
18:42on connectivity
18:44changing now
18:45because of the way
18:46the geopolitical picture
18:48has changed?
18:48When you speak
18:49to governments,
18:49you speak to companies,
18:51how has the conversation
18:53changed?
18:54I think
18:55one big change
18:56is now
18:58there is a clear
18:59realization
18:59that you cannot rely
19:01on even your
19:01most trusted allies.
19:03Things can change
19:04dramatically
19:06with change in leadership,
19:07change in geopolitics,
19:08change in trade.
19:10Countries
19:10which have been
19:12generally space powers
19:13like France
19:13need to now go back
19:15and become
19:16the national champions
19:18one more time
19:18to say
19:19we are going to have
19:19our own space protection.
19:21India will need
19:22to do it.
19:24You know,
19:24China is doing it,
19:25we all know it
19:25but it's not for the world,
19:27it's for themselves
19:27and maybe some countries.
19:29So Europe
19:30through Iris Square
19:31which is a program
19:32run by the European Union
19:34really is an important mission
19:37for Europe
19:38to secure a space program.
19:39But it's delayed?
19:41Delays will happen
19:42in a project
19:42which is
19:4327 nations
19:44coming together,
19:45funding to come together
19:47but we are
19:48ready now
19:49to move forward.
19:50I think you'll start
19:51to see some positive
19:52developments
19:53in the coming days.
19:54David,
19:54how would you say
19:55the conversations
19:55have changed
19:56when it comes
19:57to the customers
19:57with the new
19:59geopolitical environment
20:00and the perspectives
20:01for the future
20:02for the next few decades
20:03as well?
20:03Yeah, for sure.
20:04So overall
20:05I would say
20:06that space
20:07is more and more
20:08desirable.
20:09You have more
20:09and more applications
20:11you have satellites
20:13that are more
20:13and more efficient
20:14so overall
20:15our sector is growing
20:17and I think
20:18that decision makers
20:19but also citizens
20:21companies
20:21from other sectors
20:23are more and more
20:24aware of what
20:25space can bring.
20:27And also
20:28what it could not
20:28bring as well
20:29if it's not there
20:30let's say.
20:31Sorry?
20:31Also what it could
20:32not bring
20:33if it's suddenly
20:33not there
20:34and it's not provided.
20:35Absolutely.
20:36It's a good point
20:36because
20:37you know
20:38in a normal day
20:40there is
20:41an interesting figure
20:42you use
20:43between 20
20:44and 40 satellites
20:45and you don't
20:47realize it.
20:47I don't realize
20:48that when I go there
20:49I use satellites
20:50when I pay
20:51on my phone
20:52I use satellites
20:53and the reality
20:54is that there
20:54is a sort
20:55of dependency
20:56so now
20:57of course
20:57we have to bring
20:58resiliency
20:59to ensure
21:00that all
21:01those infrastructure
21:02can live
21:03even
21:05if we go
21:06into some
21:06troubles
21:07and typically
21:08this is why
21:09what we see
21:10at state level
21:11is that
21:12they have more
21:13and more projects
21:13sovereign projects
21:15to build
21:16more capabilities
21:16to build
21:17more resilience
21:18this is true
21:19for telecommunications
21:20of course
21:21especially for defense
21:23defense is a big
21:24topic for us
21:25because I think
21:25that now
21:26everybody is aware
21:27that you cannot
21:28be strong
21:29in the battlefield
21:30if you are not
21:31strong in the space
21:32and I think
21:33this trend
21:33will really generate
21:35a lot of growth
21:35but it's not only
21:37about defense
21:38and security
21:39typically to bridge
21:40the digital divide
21:41space brings
21:43unique solutions
21:44so we need it
21:45so on member
21:46states level
21:47clearly there are
21:48investment
21:48and on company level
21:50so Sunil is a better
21:51place than me
21:52to talk about this
21:52but my feeling
21:53is that
21:54overall
21:55the sector
21:55is in
21:56not very simple
21:58situation
21:58because the reality
21:59is that Starlink
22:00and the overall
22:01geopolitical situation
22:02pushes pressure
22:04on them
22:05what I see also
22:06is that
22:07those last year
22:08a lot of operators
22:09cut their investment
22:11now most of them
22:13understand that
22:14they have to bounce
22:15back
22:15and to do so
22:16they have to invest
22:17so we see projects
22:18coming to replace
22:20the existing infrastructure
22:21typically big GTO
22:23or geo satellites
22:24but also new
22:26infrastructures
22:27and quite a lot
22:28of operators
22:29are going for
22:30what we call
22:31a multi-orbit strategy
22:33with a constellation
22:34in low earth orbit
22:35but also bigger satellites
22:36in medium
22:37or high orbit
22:38talking about
22:39different orbits
22:40and I'm sure
22:41I'm not the only person
22:42in the room
22:42to have thought
22:43about space junk
22:44space traffic management
22:45in general
22:46how much of a problem
22:47is that now
22:48and how do you see
22:49that playing out
22:50are people cooperating
22:51or is the situation
22:52getting worse
22:54well the question
22:55of debris
22:56of space debris
22:57is a good question
22:58I think most of you
22:59have seen the movie
23:01Gravity
23:02and you see
23:03what we call
23:03the Kessler effect
23:04with a sort of
23:06chain reaction
23:06with debris
23:07generating more debris
23:08so this is a topic
23:09we should all
23:10in the sector
23:10and beyond
23:11take very seriously
23:12so first
23:14I would say
23:15that the best debris
23:16is the debris
23:17you avoid to create
23:18okay
23:19so typically
23:20now with RN6
23:21we can de-orbit
23:22the second stage
23:23so we place
23:24the satellite in orbit
23:24and then we can
23:26re-enter
23:27the second stage
23:28into the atmosphere
23:29in a controlled manner
23:30to ensure
23:31we don't create
23:32debris
23:32this is the first level
23:34it's true for us
23:35it's true also
23:36for satellite operators
23:37the rule is that
23:38at the end of the life
23:39of a satellite
23:39you de-orbit it
23:40to avoid creating debris
23:42the second answer
23:44is what we call
23:45space traffic management
23:46we have more and more
23:48tools to monitor
23:49all the debris
23:50you must know
23:51that there are millions
23:52of debris in the space
23:53some are microscopic
23:54but some are much bigger
23:55and could hurt
23:56a satellite
23:57a space station
23:58or even a rocket
23:59so we are tracking
24:00those debris
24:01and sometimes
24:01the satellites
24:02or the station
24:03have to perform
24:04what we call
24:05an escape maneuver
24:06to ensure
24:07they go out
24:08of the trajectory
24:09of the debris
24:09and last but not least
24:11my conviction
24:12is that
24:12in the future
24:13we also
24:14have to remove
24:15some debris
24:16this is
24:17actively go and
24:18patch it
24:19yeah exactly
24:19this is a big challenge
24:21it's great
24:22that we are today
24:23in Vivatech
24:23because we see
24:24some very innovative
24:25solutions
24:26some are based
24:27on harpoons
24:28to hook
24:28the debris
24:29and the orbit
24:30some on nets
24:31on laser
24:32on mechanical arm
24:33to be honest
24:34my feeling
24:35is that
24:35we are quite
24:36at the beginning
24:36of the story
24:37it's good
24:38to see the solution
24:39one big question
24:40is the economic
24:41model behind
24:42who will pay
24:43to clean the orbit
24:44but what is sure
24:46is that orbits
24:46and especially
24:48low earth orbit
24:49are a common good
24:50and if we want
24:51as a sector
24:52to continue
24:53to thrive
24:53we need to fix
24:55this problem
24:55as soon as possible
24:56it's definitely a threat
24:57and I think
24:58it's interesting
24:58to talk about threats
24:59because we've
25:01spent the whole day
25:02here at Vivatech
25:03talking about AI
25:04and the wonders
25:05of great connectivity
25:06but if the system
25:07is not working
25:08as your satellites
25:09are not there
25:09if your ground stations
25:11are not doing
25:11what they should
25:12then suddenly
25:13the whole thing
25:14falls over
25:14to what extent
25:15are you facing
25:17with your companies
25:19cyber attacks
25:20and physical infrastructure
25:21attacks
25:22now already
25:23is that daily?
25:25Well physical attacks
25:26are not there
25:27I mean thankfully
25:27nobody's launching ASATs
25:30the missiles
25:31against the satellites
25:32that's not happened
25:33and on the ground
25:34the ground stations
25:36are fairly secure
25:37and we haven't seen
25:39any physical activity
25:40cyber attacks
25:42is their life
25:43way of life
25:43on telecom networks
25:45there are millions
25:47of attacks happening
25:47on a daily basis
25:48this is going to be
25:49no different
25:51we need to continuously
25:52stay ahead of the game
25:53the rogue actors
25:56are always looking
25:57trying to intercept
25:58trying to get into
25:59your secure connectivity
26:00especially if you're
26:01going to serve defense
26:02and secure communication
26:04of the government
26:04you really need to have
26:05best in class
26:06and this is something
26:07for example
26:08at utilcet one web
26:09we take it very seriously
26:11the existing network
26:12that we have
26:13we believe
26:14is absolutely
26:15fully secure
26:16but does it mean
26:17that we just rest on that
26:19no
26:19because it's a daily battle
26:20you know
26:20but how much
26:21kind of redundancy
26:22do you have
26:23then
26:24if you lose
26:25one thing
26:25how many layers
26:26have you got
26:27in one way
26:28to get to
26:30really into
26:31the core
26:31of a network
26:32you will have
26:33to really bypass
26:33a lot of places
26:35and a lot of people
26:36don't give away
26:37any secrets
26:38like
26:39yeah
26:39no no
26:40no secrets
26:40they will have
26:41to really break
26:41through a lot
26:42of levels
26:43and
26:44maybe complicity
26:45from inside
26:45it's very hard
26:46to get through it
26:47so I would say
26:48space connectivity
26:49at the moment
26:50is fairly secure
26:50and you're seeing
26:51in Ukraine war
26:53many of the drones
26:54which are being used
26:56with the satellite connectivity
26:58are passing
26:59through the enemy lines
27:00in a great detail
27:01which means
27:01they are not being intercepted
27:02yeah
27:04let's talk about
27:05we've only got
27:06a couple of minutes left
27:07let's talk about
27:07some positive stuff
27:08let's talk about
27:09new use cases
27:11for these
27:12low earth
27:14communications networks
27:15that you've got
27:16you're building
27:16these constellations
27:17other people
27:18are building them too
27:19what are the use cases
27:20that you see
27:21the emerging
27:22use cases
27:23for OneWeb
27:24for example
27:25yeah
27:26first of all
27:27I would say
27:27take the case of cloud
27:28Amazon
27:29type of company
27:30they're going to use it
27:31as the nth level
27:32of redundancy
27:33when they're selling
27:34very critical
27:36applications
27:36which are mission critical
27:38they have
27:39multiple fiber routes
27:40but
27:41and multiple
27:42C cables
27:43you may still
27:44need this backup
27:45that's the new use
27:47we are seeing
27:47that they can guarantee
27:48that you will never
27:49be out of service
27:50that's very critical
27:51nuclear plants
27:52I mean
27:52all of those
27:52activities are there
27:54go to the other
27:55extreme
27:55basic connectivity
27:56somebody in Africa
27:57running a small clinic
27:58has zero chance
28:00of connectivity
28:01you can connect them
28:02schools
28:02hospitals
28:03community centers
28:05you can connect
28:05all of those
28:06but is that actually
28:07a big market
28:08it's a huge market
28:09my god
28:09you don't know
28:11what an internet
28:12connectivity does
28:12to a person's life
28:13a community's life
28:15they start to earn
28:16more money
28:17they get connected
28:17they get medical care
28:19education
28:20I mean
28:21it's a game changer
28:22and today
28:22if you can give
28:23affordable
28:24connectivity
28:25into these places
28:26and that's where
28:26the governments
28:27have to subsidize
28:28it is a complete
28:29game changer
28:30to my mind
28:31those who are not
28:31going to be on internet
28:32will be left
28:33far behind
28:34and the world
28:35cannot afford it
28:36especially when the
28:37technology is there now
28:38we have it
28:39yeah
28:39are there any
28:40surprising use cases
28:42that you've seen
28:43emerge
28:43that were not
28:45necessarily expected
28:46the robotic surgery
28:48is in villages
28:48we are trialing
28:49something now
28:51deep rural areas
28:52robotic surgery
28:54is happening
28:54only because
28:55there is a satellite
28:56this could have not
28:57been possible before
28:58that's super cool
29:00finally
29:00I know in France
29:02it's not polite
29:02to talk about money
29:03but let's talk about money
29:04because we've got
29:05two and a half minutes left
29:06and I think it's a good
29:07thing to talk about
29:09which is in this
29:10connectivity business
29:13in the space business
29:14a lot of people
29:15imagine there's a lot
29:16of money out there
29:17that you guys are
29:17rolling a money
29:18that it's easy
29:19to make money
29:19in this business
29:20David from
29:21Arianespace
29:22is it possible
29:23to make money
29:25in this business
29:26at the moment
29:26and will that
29:27situation improve
29:28or get worse
29:30it's a good question
29:31so the sector
29:32is growing
29:33there are multiple
29:34use cases
29:35new use cases
29:36as mentioned
29:36by Sunil
29:37now let's face
29:38the truth
29:39there is more money
29:41I think
29:41in the downstream
29:42in the services
29:43in the data
29:44in the application
29:45than in the upstream
29:46the upstream is key
29:48because the rocket
29:49is an enabler
29:50we are a gateway
29:50to the space
29:51but you know
29:52building a rocket
29:53is very expensive
29:55this is extremely difficult
29:57from a technological
29:58standpoint
29:58and this is also
29:59quite risky
30:00so I will be
30:01very honest
30:02with all of you
30:03if your dream
30:04in the life
30:04is to become
30:05a billionaire
30:05I think
30:07there are some
30:07easier ways
30:08than building rockets
30:09that said
30:10you know
30:10when you meet
30:11in Kourou
30:12when you stand
30:13near the launch pad
30:14when you witness
30:15this giant
30:17with all the engines
30:18on lifting off
30:19I can ensure
30:20that for one minute
30:21or two
30:21you forget about money
30:23you forget
30:24whether you are
30:25not a billionaire
30:26because this is
30:26simply amazing
30:27I'm sure
30:28I'm sure
30:28that must be
30:29very very cool
30:29in your business
30:31in telecoms
30:31it used to be
30:32a question
30:32of a big
30:33upfront investment
30:34and then it was
30:35pretty much
30:36a cash cow
30:36afterwards
30:37is that still
30:38the case
30:38how is that
30:39going to change
30:40yeah
30:40the technology
30:41changes have
30:42been very fast
30:43the movement
30:44from 3G
30:45to 4G
30:46to 5G
30:46has been rapid
30:48and you know
30:49connected to that
30:50the spectrum auctions
30:51have taken a lot
30:53of money away
30:53from the telecom
30:54companies
30:54if you see
30:55the return on capital
30:56across the telecom
30:57spectrum
30:58have fallen
30:58dramatically
30:59from the heavy days
31:00it's coming back up
31:02technology is having
31:03a longer cycle
31:035G is going to
31:04stay for a while
31:05before 6G comes in
31:06spectrums are in place
31:07now
31:08the mad rush
31:09for more and more
31:10operators to come
31:10and bid for spectrum
31:12is gone now
31:12it's much more stability
31:14on the
31:15setcom side
31:16if SpaceX
31:18is 450 billion
31:20dollars as a company
31:21and you allocate
31:22to Starlink
31:22even one third
31:23150 billion
31:24I think there's a hope
31:25that other setcom
31:27companies
31:27can create value
31:28and in Europe
31:29we need to have
31:30a consolidation
31:31still
31:31I'm guessing
31:32amongst the
31:33different players
31:34yeah
31:34indeed
31:35that needs to happen
31:37if anybody
31:38from the European
31:38Commission is listening
31:39let's change the
31:40rules on that then
31:41thank you very much
31:42Sunil and David
31:43for that fascinating
31:44conversation
31:45let's give them
31:45a round of applause
31:46thank you
31:47thank you
31:47thank you very much
31:52it was good
31:52then
31:52thank you
31:52thank you
31:55for that
31:55thank you
31:56Sous-titrage FR ?
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