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فسيلة - transplant
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هي مكتبة رقمية تحتوي علي آلاف الفيديوهات العربية في جميع المجالات
It is a digital library containing thousands of Arabic videos in all fields.
قوائم تشغيل فسيلة
https://www.dailymotion.com/fasela/playlists
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LearningTranscript
00:01Happy Zala, Fanda
00:03Mr. Passport
00:07Next one
00:11Good evening, ma'am
00:12Bonjour
00:15Is this your first time visiting the Vatican?
00:17No, of course not, after the Pasha's hour.
00:18I either walked its streets
00:20Jandafli said from her room
00:23She said, "I loved her."
00:25Her horn?
00:26But we didn't reach the sea, oh
00:27I am the one who revives the sea of art
00:30The great deep sea of art
00:32Vatican Sea
00:33Yes
00:35So what was the visit before?
00:36Zor came
00:37My aunt Safia
00:38The monastery
00:39What's your aunt's name?
00:40A country with a population that is not clergy
00:42Oh, I didn't explain it to you.
00:44Her original body is buried here, may God have mercy on her.
00:46Meanwhile, the charity was buried
00:47We don't even have these things here.
00:50honestly
00:51I came here because I wanted to see the Pope and tell him
00:54She tells him
00:55Honestly, I don't remember the rest.
00:56Unfortunately, no one who met the Pope was successful.
00:58Then it seems you don't know who the Pope is.
01:00No, of course not.
01:01Messia
01:02Don't you watch Al-Shawali or what?
01:03no
01:04This doesn't look quite right to you
01:05And what are you wearing?
01:07Isn't this what thieves wear?
01:08I came to steal
01:10Time is fleeting, moments are not for Tunisia
01:12And what is this winter thing you're carrying on your shoulder?
01:13Shata Di Kari tells me, by the way
01:14So what's the point of getting on the plane?
01:16What's the problem?
01:17Then I just saw someone with a bag, he still spoke in my language
01:19Or is it because she's a girl?
01:20But my dear, we are here in Vatican
01:22And with that outfit you're wearing, you're going to Turin?
01:24The Juventus, the Senac, Habesto, Beck, is strong.
01:26Fadl
01:27It is very much at
01:28Will God come down to me?
01:29I'm going to the bank next door.
01:31Hateful going up
01:32Fadl
01:33Ha
01:34What is this?
01:35One person is patient, and another is coming to steal.
01:36Should it be the passport officers?
01:37Will they remain welcoming?
01:38Was it sacred?
01:40Isn't it sacred?
01:41Dear viewers, health and wellness
01:48Welcome to a new episode of Al-Daheeh program
01:51Let me take you by the hand, my dear, and we'll go to the smallest country in the world.
01:54It's a sunny afternoon now, my dear.
01:57Two people stood together in Al-Tar Square
01:58Saint Peter
01:59If you look around you, my dear, you'll find thousands of people coming from everywhere.
02:02Everyone's taking out their cameras, filming and having a great time
02:05Suddenly the sound of the giant church bells of Bern rang out in the distance
02:11And you are literally standing in the smallest country in the world
02:13We're talking about the Vatican City, my friend, in case you didn't know.
02:16We, my dear, are in the Vatican City
02:18This entire country, including its square, doesn't even amount to half a square kilometer.
02:22If someone is receiving a pension at the Vatican, the whole country will know.
02:25I would have told you, my dear, that the population is approximately 900 people.
02:28The entire country could literally gather on a WhatsApp group
02:30batch
02:31But despite the fact that the Vatican is a small country
02:33However, this place is the headquarters of the spiritual leadership for more than one and a half billion people on the entire planet.
02:39Approximately 1.4 billion Catholics consider Vatican City the holiest place on Earth.
02:46Despite its small size, this country has a very large political influence on the world stage.
02:50Secondly, my dear, the place you are standing in was, a long time ago, during the Roman Empire, the main scene and venue for the persecution of early Christians.
03:00In the spiritual place I'm talking about, the blood of the early Christians was being shed.
03:04Oh my dear, don't be afraid of the huge square; your eyes will be drawn to the Pharaonic obelisk standing in the middle of the square.
03:09A large obelisk that was moved to Rome from a very long time ago, from the days of Emperor Caligula.
03:13It was located in an old horse racing track called the Circus Neron
03:17This obelus, my dear, has witnessed horrific events.
03:21This obelisk witnessed the crucifixion of Saint Peter himself in 64 AD.
03:25And, Aziz, if you remember from the Gemma Pythron episode, there was an emperor named Nero, and his specialty was torturing Christians.
03:30Especially after the well-known incident in Rome
03:32Okay, Hamad, who is Saint Butros?
03:34Saint Peter's name is very important in Christianity
03:36He was one of the disciples of Christ and the first bishop of Rome.
03:39During the reign of Nero, Saint Butros was crucified in this place.
03:42After Saint Butros's departure, his followers quickly buried him in a simple tomb next to the circus.
03:47My dear, the place under your feet may contain the burial sites of saints from two thousand years ago.
03:52But today this issue is taking on a completely different perspective.
03:55Thousands of believers and pilgrims come to this place to pray at the shrine of Saint Peter
03:59The needles located under the largest bag in the world, approximately
04:02St. Peter's Cathedral is right in front of us
04:04Okay, Hamad, one year
04:05How did this site, which was once bloody, transform into one of the most sacred places in the world?
04:10It seems there's an operatic episode that will be quite lengthy; I'll tell the story quickly.
04:15I'll go out, my dear, and come back. (A story for you)
04:17After Saint Peter and the early Christians were buried in this place, my dear
04:20Christianity was forbidden and persecuted during that period.
04:23But despite this danger, the faithful secretly visited the shrine of Saint Peter.
04:27They arrive there on secret pilgrimages
04:30Days go by and days come until we reach the fourth century
04:33The Roman Empire adhered to the Christian religion.
04:53Constantine will build a church in this tomb to commemorate Saint Peter.
04:57The church was very impressive for its time, measuring 100 meters long and 65 meters wide.
05:01And Sandaf preferred its place for centuries.
05:04You, my dear, are in Europe in the age of the Absh
05:06The church preferred this situation until the 14th century
05:08When something historically known as the Avignon Papacy happens
05:11This is the period when popes left Rome
05:13They stayed in the city of Avignon in France
05:15This church has been neglected and its condition has become very bad.
05:18It will remain like this, my dear, until the year 1506.
05:21Pope Julius II
05:23God, Abu Hamad, they've already done it, they'll make it worse and then bring it back again.
05:26No, my dear, he will destroy it.
05:27That's not how it is, Abu Hamad.
05:28I offer no condolences to the people if he demolishes it and builds a new cathedral.
05:30A much more determined cathedral than the first one.
05:32It symbolizes the power of the Church and affirms the power of Rome.
05:35Pope Julius II even laid the foundation stone of this church himself in April 1506.
05:40This church project has remained a continuation for generations.
05:42It was worked on by the finest artists of the Renaissance era.
05:45World Selection in Art and Architecture
05:47Bramanti in design
05:47And after him, Michelangelo, Raphael, and Dalla Porta
05:49Each one with his own touch
05:51The project has been running for over a hundred years.
05:53More than a century for the job to be delivered
05:54So that it could be officially opened in 1626
05:57During the reign of Pope Urban VIII
05:58Modern St. Peter's Cathedral
06:01Which emptied the largest church in the world for centuries
06:03It is currently the second largest church after one located in Côte d'Ivoire.
06:05But it is still the most important and famous, with an area of 22,000 square meters, larger than the Vatican.
06:11The church can accommodate more than 60,000 people.
06:14Oh dear, they pray together under one roof
06:17Now we are inside the cathedral after passing the huge Pope
06:19Here you will immediately be captivated by the famous dome made by Michelangelo
06:23The very large, magnificent dome is approximately 136 meters high.
06:27It is written around it in large letters.
06:29The famous phrase that Christ said to Peter
06:31You are Botros, and on this rock I will build my church.
06:33Light enters through the dome's sash in a beautiful way to illuminate the corners of the church.
06:37When you're walking on a luxurious rock, you're surrounded by representations of saints from every direction.
06:40You'll feel so small under that high ceiling
06:43To the right of the entrance you will see a famous Vital statue
06:45The statue that Michelangelo was given when he was only 24 years old
06:48A statue depicting the Virgin Mary carrying the body of Christ after the crucifixion
06:52It is now protected by a glass panel due to past vandalism attempts that occurred in the 1970s.
06:55However, the statue, to this day, is still too early in all its details and all the sadness it contains.
07:00The faces of the Qadid tribe, their opinion at the main swimming pool
07:02You will see the huge bronze umbrella in the town of Keno
07:04Designed by the artist Bernini in the 17th century, my dear, please help me with the pronunciation because I'm not very good at the Vatican.
07:10Tali, I'm telling you the whole menu is normal, the Vatican is fine, Shawali
07:13Important, my dear, this umbrella is supported by spiral columns directly under the dome.
07:16The entrance is right by the shrine of Saint Peter, and behind the pool there is an old episcopal throne, which is the throne of Saint Peter.
07:22Mahfouz Goh is also an artistic masterpiece designed by Bernini.
07:26This chair symbolizes the continuity of the Holy See from the days of Botrose to the current Pope.
07:31Now we are standing inside St. Peter's Cathedral and suddenly we see a small parking lot in front of us
07:36One person wearing white is the Pope, and behind him are people wearing red, including the cardinals.
07:40Another time, they told him that the scene was different, and I was crying so that we could clean out the church
07:43The Catholic Church, the pyramid-shaped congregation, consists of the ordinary people, above whom are the church servants or deacons, who assist the priests.
07:48Their job is to baptize children, marry people, and give goats, but they do not perform the Adas or the Eucharistic rite.
07:54This is the most important part of the Adas, in which Catholics believe that the bread and wine are actually transformed into the body and blood of Christ.
08:01This is the priest's prerogative, but usually a deacon goes through a preparatory stage before being ordained and becoming a priest or deacon.
08:09But there are deacons who remain deacons forever, then comes the stage of priesthood or ordination.
08:13This is the one who receives the secret of the priesthood, which enables him to celebrate Mass and hear people's confessions.
08:18The famous scene that foreigners see, the priest Aziz, on MBC2, is one of two things.
08:22He either hears confessions of adulterers or recounts the exorcism of spirits, and this one is responsible for a specific church or parish.
08:27Above the priest comes the bishop or metropolitan, who possesses the full sacrament of the priesthood and also has the authority to ordain new priests and deacons.
08:34He would be responsible for a large church area called the diocese, something like a governor for a specific church area.
08:39If the diocese was large or important, then he would be called the Archbishop.
08:43We go one step further and reach the big leap, the cardinal. This isn't a new rank in the Holy Communion; they are essentially bishops and sometimes priests, scholars chosen by the Pope himself, who bestows upon them the title of cardinal.
08:54The red robes they wear symbolize their willingness to sacrifice their lives for this church. Cardinals are among the Pope's advisors, his council of counselors, numbering around 120 cardinals.
09:05One of their most important roles is choosing the new Pope. Cardinals hold this position for life; they are appointed for life, but when a cardinal reaches 80 years of age, he loses his right to vote.
09:15So, they want to ensure a relatively young pope, since most are already over sixty. The point we're all waiting for is the highest point in the pyramid: the Pope himself, who is the Bishop of Rome and the successor of Saint Peter, the supreme head of the entire Church. The Pope is chosen by Cardinal Sedoul in a dramatic process known as the Conclave, a secret meeting where they keep themselves closed until they elect a new Pope. Although they insist it's a secret meeting, they'll tell you all the details.
09:39This is a newspaper race, my dear Mohamed. I have many friends in the Vatican, Mohamed. If the Vatican itself doesn't have many friends, I'm a big fan, and you know that.
09:46Now, my dear, let's continue our journey and go to the place where the Popes are elected, the famous Basilica of St. Basilica. After the cathedral, we will walk through the Vatican streets until we reach the Basilica of St. Basilica. As we approach it, we will see a small garden and a gate with heavy security.
09:59In front of this gate, there are two people dressed in unusual outfits, as if it were a historical carnival. They are the Swiss Guards. Their outfits are very striking: blue, red, and saffron yellow.
10:09People say that Michelangelo created this design, but we know that this is inaccurate.
10:13The current design is the work of a single artist named George Ribbon in 1914, a design inspired by Raphael's military painting, which he commissioned, likely from the 16th century.
10:21The itch began in the families of the sixteenth century when Pope Julius II brought 150 soldiers from Switzerland, choosing them specifically because the Swiss at that time were famous for their courage and discipline.
10:29And its expansion has continued for over 500 years, making you think you have a state within Italy whose power is almost greater than Italy's.
10:37The most important person in this country is the Pope, who is currently American and was previously Argentinian. He is protected by the Swiss Guard, and the Swiss Guard has been around for over 500 years.
10:45And the condition is that the guards remain Swiss. The Pope is watching, I forgot, oh, but the guards, no, they are the ones who are known to be involved in chocolate smuggling, money laundering, and guards. This is the presence of Switzerland.
10:52The most famous feat of the Swiss Guards was in 1527 in an incident historically known as the Sack of Rome.
10:58This happens when an army of 20,000 soldiers besieges the city, and the guards bravely defend Pope Clement VII. 147 of these guards die, and their blood is spilled at St. Peter's Basilica.
11:09Peddock gave 42 soldiers to help the Pope escape through a secret passage to Castel Sant'Angelo, where he was held for a whole month until he surrendered and paid a large ransom.
11:18This incident has made the Swiss Guard, throughout the ages and history, a symbol of dedication and loyalty, and every year, new recruits swear an oath to protect the Pope.
11:27Now the wedding is about 135 soldiers and officers, but they are called the smallest army in the world, the army of the chosen ones on the sorting platform, armed with firearms and bladed weapons.
11:36After the latest training sessions, let's go inside the Sistine Chapel. As soon as we enter the rectangular hall, we feel like we've been transported to a completely different era. The church's palm fronds are tall and ornate.
11:46Covered in Michelangelo's legendary paintings, which have remained completely covered even though they are over 500 years old, and despite the pain in your spine and backbone that will afflict you as you look up, I advise you to keep looking up because the view is unmissable.
11:58Michelangelo painted the ceiling from 1508 to 1512 at the request of Pope Julius II. Initially, Michelangelo didn't want the work, considering himself a sculptor and not suited to such a task. However, the Pope insisted, and Michelangelo reluctantly agreed. Enter the Sistine Chapel, my dear Michelangelo, and he, the shepherd of the heavens, was not arrogant or conceited, but rather he would inspect the site before beginning work. Michelangelo spent four years on scaffolding working on the ceiling with his assistants. Michelangelo painted in frescoes, using colors on the
12:28After a long and arduous process, one of the greatest works of the Renaissance emerges. In the center of the ceiling, we find the most famous artistic scene: the painting of the creation of Adam, according to Michelangelo's artistic vision. We find a depiction of God extending his right hand, his finger approaching the neck of Adam, the first human on Earth. This is one of the most famous artistic symbols in history. Around this painting, we see scenes from the Book of Genesis: Adam and Eve in Paradise, Noah and his children. We see prophets, we see the ancestors of Christ. The entire ceiling tells the story of humanity and speaks of the...
12:58I want you to look at the wall behind the main pool. You'll see the painting "The Last Judgment," or "The Last Supper," painted by Michelangelo twenty years after the roof was completed, between 1536 and 1541. His beard had barely recovered, and he was still thinking about completing the painting. It contains hundreds of figures, and we see Christ judging the holy people around him, people rising from their graves, and others going to their fate. It's a painful picture. Michelangelo painted some people naked, and this, my friend, caused a great deal of controversy at the time, to the point that after Michelangelo's death, he painted...
13:28Like Michelangelo, I didn't hear it exactly. This scene gives you the feeling that you're, as they say, in a heavenly court. And indeed, every few years the place is transformed into the arena for electing a new pope. I want you to imagine the feeling of the cardinals standing before this majestic image, required to choose just one of them to be the leader of the one and a half billion Catholics in the world. It's definitely a magnificent feeling. We want to see the beautiful scenes. I want you to use your imagination with me for a bit. We're going to talk about the election of the pope.
13:58In front of the tourists, chairs were carefully arranged side by side. The place was being prepared for a momentous event: the conclave, or the secret meeting I told you about, where the cardinals meet to elect a new pope. Please don't take offense, but you keep saying conclave, conclave! I'm not a patriarch, I'm your butcher! The word conclave is Latin, and its literal meaning is "with a key." This is because they actually lock the cardinals inside the church, so they won't get away.
14:28To ensure secrecy, this conclave is held after the death or resignation of the Pope. Resignation usually follows a rare event; the last time we saw one was in 2014. Within 15 to 20 days at most from the moment the papal throne becomes vacant, all cardinals under the age of 80 are summoned to Rome. Beforehand, they hold preparatory meetings, which are the general conclaves, to discuss the state of the Church, the challenges, and the election. After that, the conclave takes place.
14:58The cardinals celebrate a solemn Mass, the Mass for the election of the Pope, in St. Peter's Basilica. In the afternoon, the cardinals—usually around 120 on election day—gather and enter the Sistine Chapel in their red vestments. The doors are then closed, and the Master of Ceremonies announces in Latin that everyone must leave, signaling the order of each person's turn in the process. The chapel remains completely closed to the cardinals.
15:28Let me tell you, my dear, that the youngest cardinal among them is 60 years old, so we need to have doctors present. Here are some of the assistants who are present during the ceremony. At that moment, my dear, complete secrecy prevails. The cardinals stand on either side of the pool, under the image of the Last Judgment, to begin the voting directly. There are ballot papers on which they write the name of the candidate, a baptized Catholic man, and he is usually a fellow cardinal.
15:58They fold it twice and place it inside a large chalice or glass in front of them. Three specific cardinals, whose role is to monitor and count, gather the votes to determine which pope received the most. To be elected pope, a candidate must receive at least thirty votes. For example, if there are 120 cardinals, the candidate must receive at least eighty votes. They conduct two rounds of voting each morning and two rounds each evening, meaning four rounds a day.
16:28They add a substance to it that makes the smoke black so that it comes out of the small chimney on the church's roof, and it has a light outside the church so that people outside can see it. The black smoke signifies that there is still no new pope, and this sign might be repeated once, twice, three times, or even four times if the cardinals don't agree on one candidate who gets two-thirds of the votes. Ahmed, from what you said, I felt that this is a sensitive situation, so let them take their time. Don't rush it. But, my dear, let me tell you about it.
16:58This whole vote thing kept them divided and disagreeing over political factions. They sat there for three whole years, my dear. At first, they said they'd leave them alone. Then they started gradually reducing their food and drink, hoping to push them into making a quick decision. Finding that was no use, they went and took them outside the main building where they had been meeting, leaving them sitting in the open air, exposed to the sun and rain, until they agreed and elected a new leader with a two-thirds majority. Finally, an election took place.
17:28The arrangement was somewhat lenient, and they refrained from using all means of coercion to expedite the decision. This had impressive results and created the longest conclave in recent centuries, lasting a maximum of fifty days. Of course, that's still a long time, but this was the longest one, not exceeding three years. The most recent conclave was in 2005, during the election of Pope Benedict. It lasted only two days, until the cardinals agreed on a name and the elected pope accepted, because theoretically he could refuse, but that would be a rare occurrence. After that, the patent papers were released.
17:58If you were to clap inside the Sistine Chapel, you would see the Dean of Cardinals standing before the newly elected Pope, formally asking him if he accepts his election to the office of Supreme Pontiff. When the Pope agrees, the Dean of Cardinals asks him what he would like to call himself. Note that each Pope chooses a new name for himself. The current Pope is Pope Francis XIV, but his original name was Robert Francis Prevos. Pope Francis met him, and his original name was Jorge Mario Bergoglio. After choosing the name Pope...
18:28Within an hour of the white smoke, the cardinal protodeacon, the chief cardinal, appears on the balcony and announces in Latin that we have a Pope, Pope, and he gives his original and new name. Then the new Pope appears to the world, to the delight of thousands, in St. Peter's Square. The first thing the new Pope does is give his first blessing: "Come closer, come closer, I give to the city of Rome and the whole world." Thus the conclave ends and a new era begins in the Sistine Chapel itself. After the crowds disperse
18:58The next day, the market operated in a strange paradox, a place that takes on different roles, like two extreme roles that are opposites. A closed election hall, surrounded by extreme secrecy, the next day became a world-class art gallery where you can photograph anything. If you contemplate it, part of the greatness of this place is that everything in it has two functions: a spiritual function related to religion and sacred things, and a worldly function related to something that extends into our lives, something we learn together at the same time. If we now step out of the Sistine gender into a back door...
19:28From Fasha Azizi, let's move on from the Vatican without discussing its museums and their artistic treasures. The Vatican Museums are a collection of historical walls and halls connected to various popes over the centuries, who amassed some of the greatest artistic masterpieces. Keep in mind that the Renaissance popes weren't just spiritual figures; they were art lovers who collected artifacts from everywhere. You have Roman statues, Greek statues, paintings by Raphael and Michelangelo, and maritime ruins, not to mention a huge number of rare manuscripts.
19:58It was during the time when Pope Julius II commissioned this statue. If his sons had seen this Roman masterpiece from the first century, Michelangelo and Bramante would have been amazed and told the Pope that people should also see it. So, exactly one month later, the statue was placed in the statues' yard in the Palazzo della Vedere. This was the birth of the Vatican Museums. Since then, each Pope has added new statues, paintings, and wings to the space. Currently, they have seventy thousand pieces, of which twenty thousand are on display.
20:28The museums—to reach sixty—comprise about fifteen kilometers of corridors and halls designed in a spiral pattern to wind around the Vatican's interior buildings. They include fifty-four halls and galleries. That's why they advise those who want to see everything to take two or three days, or to prioritize, because they won't rush through everything. This is for a logical, mathematical reason: if you stood in front of each piece for thirty seconds—half a minute—you would need more than one hundred days to see them all. Praise be to God. I want you to
20:58My dear friend, I'm going to the Schengen Hotel for four hours. I want to make sure of something I can't quite grasp right now. Let me be your tour guide. First, I'll recommend the Raffaele Rooms so you can see magnificent murals, like the Madrasa of Qattina. I also recommend the Map Hall, which contains maps of 16th-century Italy, including the Ignatius Ciudante statue and the Apollo statue in the Fidere. And there's also the Bayou Clementino Museum. Not only that, my friend, I'll take you to the Egyptian Museum.
21:28She tells you about the dream. I'm telling you about the dream. I want you to go to the Egyptian Gregorian Museum. It has coffins, mummies, and Egyptian artifacts. These things, of course, were in Egypt and then left. There's also the Pinacoteca Gallery, or Pinacoteca in Latin, which is the gallery that has works by Leonardo da Vinci and Caravaggio. Besides that, there are the rooms of its ornate tower and the Carriage Museum, the papal carriages throughout history. And, my dear, Pope Francis, before he died, donated his car to Gaza to be turned into a clinic.
21:58The Sistine Chapel, so you have a great program. These museums represent a very important source of income for the Vatican, and this makes us ask the important question: where does this small country get its money from? What do the people in it do for a living? What do they export to the world? Where, my dear? Take me, I'll transform from a tour guide to an economics guide. They said I'll play economics and chemistry, I won't leave a single niche on YouTube without talking about economics, football, chemistry, food, and everything else. No YouTuber will be safer than me.
22:28These are the only breakfasts I see, and my dear, I'll answer your question: where does this country get its money? We need to understand how this country actually works. I mean, what do the machine lessons inside look like? After we leave the museums, we find ourselves in a small inner courtyard. In front of us is a huge building, the Apostolic Palace, the traditional residence of the Popes. And the Vatican's scribe saw, my dear, the window on the third floor that hides an egg. That's the window of the Pope's office, from which someone appears every day to give a blessing.
22:58It means he doesn't pray, it means he doesn't work. Pope Francis, the former pope, when he was ordained as pope, refused to live in the luxurious apartment in the Apostolic Palace and preferred to stay in the Santa Marta guest house inside the Vatican. This is a simple place where he eats with people, and this is because one of the traditions of the Jesuit order to which Francis belonged is simplicity and communal living with people. Every day he goes to his office in the palace and when he finishes he returns to sleep in his modest suite. This step
23:28A billion people have protocols and preparations that we need to make for your movement, but in the end, everyone adapts and compensates for Francis Bouhami's situation. So, tell us about the Vatican's administrative system. How does the Vatican operate? We're sure the Pope doesn't manage all these details himself; he definitely needs his help. Exactly, my dear, we have two entities intertwined: the Roman Curia, which is the government of the global Church, and the Vatican City State. The Roman Curia is a group of
23:58The Roman Curia helps the Pope manage spiritual affairs throughout the world. For example, there's the Dicastery for Spreading the Faith, the Bishops, Divine Worship, and so on. There's also the Secretariat of State, similar to the Prime Minister's office and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. This is overseen by the Secretary of State, who is usually a former cardinal, and whose responsibility is to coordinate the work of the Roman Curia. The Curia, my friend, is like the management of a global company. The Pope is the CEO, and the Curia is subordinate to him.
24:28The Jafarn, you're the one who raised it, Jafarn. You just put it on me. Bisto is responsible for managing the city geographically and in terms of services, like, for example, a municipal council that manages internal security, so the gendarmerie and the city police, electricity, water, parks, museums, tourism, and this is overseen by a cardinal appointed by the Pope. The governor's council issues secular laws, meaning they are non-religious, and this requires the Pope's approval. Things like traffic and tourism, and you understand, I mean daily life, they also have a system.
24:58The Pope is essentially the global religious leader who guides the Church through the Curia; this is his religious role. He is also the head of state of Vatican City, a small state he governs. To ensure the Pope's freedom in his religious duties and prevent any pressure on him, the Vatican City State made a special arrangement in 1929, following the Lateran Treaty with Mussolini's Italy. This arrangement aimed to grant the Pope and the Holy See complete independence prior to the treaty. It's worth noting that in 1870, the Pope lost his former territories amidst Italy.
25:28The Vatican was recognized as an independent state, and in return, the Pope recognized Italy and its capital, Rome. Thus, the Pope became the head of a small, independent state, less than half a square kilometer in area and with fewer than a thousand people. While the Vatican is indeed a small state politically and geographically, let's surprise you by saying that the Holy See, the broader entity, has full diplomatic relations with approximately 183 countries, including Egypt and most Arab states. Even the entrance to Europe is diplomatic.
25:58The Vatican is also a permanent observer member of the United Nations since 1964. It has relations with the World Health Organization and the League of Arab States, in addition to the European Union and other international organizations. The Vatican has a significant voice on the most important issues in the world. Furthermore, more than a billion people follow this place, and the massive turnout isn't due to the size of the land, but rather to the spiritual value of this place. Keep in mind, my friend, that the Pope leads a church that is twenty centuries old, and I call it, as I mentioned, around
26:28Around the world, the Vatican wields immense human and cultural power. Its diplomacy often employs both power and grace, significantly influencing policies through the Pope's words and stances. For example, Pope John Paul II encouraged liberation movements in Eastern Europe and played a role in the fall of the authoritarian regime, first in Poland and then in the rest of the region. In 2023, we saw the Pope mediate in the Sudanese conflict, attempting to reconcile the United States and Cuba, and advocating for global environmental protection. The Vatican also has a sophisticated apparatus.
26:58The Holy See has a foreign ministry, and they have papal nuncios—bishops sent to each country—who coordinate between the Holy See, the local church, and the state. It's a very strong diplomatic effort, even though there's no army to protect these embassies. As I mentioned, the Swiss Guard protects the Pope and the buildings within the Vatican, but it doesn't participate in any foreign policy. Now, let's get to a very important question: where does the Vatican get its money? Don't worry, my friend, I'll surprise you if I tell you that the Vatican doesn't have...
27:28The Vatican doesn't have taxes because most of its inhabitants are monks. The state has two main sources of income. The first is tourism and museums, and this is the biggest source. I'll tell you that millions of tourists annually pay around 25 euros for admission. By 2024, the museums alone attracted around 7 million visitors with revenues of several dollars. The Vatican also sells papyrus stamps and limited-edition euro coins, which bring in around 20 million euros annually. This is in addition to other sales.
27:58The second source is the Holy See. The Holy See is responsible for funding 125 papal sires and the Roman Curia, which I mentioned earlier. You'll find media outlets like radio stations like Dar Al Nash and Qunat broadcasting live papal speeches. The Holy See is also responsible for relief campaigns, aid for education and health, and church restoration. This money comes to the Holy See through global donations from Catholic believers, a tradition that began in the 8th century AD. These donations in 2022
28:28But even all of this isn't enough to cover all the expenses. For example, in 2021, total revenue was around 770 million euros, and expenses were 803 million euros, resulting in a deficit of 33 million euros. This deficit increased further with the onset of the coronavirus pandemic, which led Pope Francis to implement austerity measures in 2020 and 2021. He reduced the salaries of cardinals and senior officials, halted salary increases, and froze new appointments to avoid laying off staff as much as possible. Aside from donations, which are another source of income for the Vatican, it has investments.
28:58And throughout history, she's owned properties in Rome, for example, and all over the world. All this wealth brings her a strong will, not to mention a huge portfolio of international stocks and bonds. Now, my dear friend, the ATM in the Vatican is the only ATM in the world that can select Latin. By God, even if it was written in Chinese, I could get it out! After this short tour, let me ask you to relax a bit in the Vatican gardens. We're not going to have lunch, are we? I feel like I'm going to get hooked on the Vatican kitchen.
29:28It's a large garden, approximately 23 hectares or 55 acres, filled with trees, fountains, and other features. These gardens aren't just beautiful; they're places for contemplation and prayer. You can find visitors who can take a small golf cart, explore nature, and pray at a miniature replica of the Grotto of Lourdes, considered the spiritual heart of these gardens. Many believe that the original Grotto of Lourdes, located in France, is where the Virgin Mary appeared in the 19th century, and since then it has become a global pilgrimage destination.
29:58With Pope Nicholas III, the first pope to plant the first garden here, and after him, each pope began to add to it. During the Renaissance, Pope Julius Septimius Severi brought in great architects like Bramante and others. Today, these gardens are not freely open to tourists except with special tours, but these gardens are very important to the spiritual life of the Vatican. For example, during Holy Week, Vatican employees conduct a tour called the Striking of the Cross, which takes place among the statues in the gardens. If you visit the gardens, you will also find them well-known.
30:28Nature, art, history, and spirituality. At the end of our journey, we imagined ourselves ascending, perhaps from the dome of St. Peter's Basilica after the challenging spiral staircase, to see the panoramic view ahead. In front of us were the Vatican and its bishops, and below us, the open door of St. Peter's Basilica, like a keyhole, with ancient Rome beyond, and the view of the sun setting over the Vatican. You and I, emerging together from the Vatican walls, would look back and feel that this journey was a moment from a bygone era.
30:58We witnessed beautiful art until we reached our current era, an era of technology and influential diplomacy with more than 180 countries worldwide. We also witnessed one of the most famous events in the world: the disappearance of the Pope. All of this originated from a country with an area of less than one square kilometer. The real mystery here is how this small entity managed to maintain its continuity and remain influential on people and governments throughout time.
31:17How did a spark of faith, ignited from the tomb of a simple fisherman like Peter, transform into such a vast and colossal spiritual entity, guiding millions of people from behind the images of the Vatican? Is the secret in the faith itself that unites people? Or in the history and heritage that bestows prestige and respect? Or a combination of both? I'll leave the answer to you, my dear friend. The Vatican is a land full of beautiful contradictions: a profound spiritual side alongside secular art; a religious entity, yes, but we are also a state with its own financial and political considerations.
31:47The savior of the name Peter, who was executed and buried here about two thousand years ago, this moment of weakness will transform over time into an immense spiritual power, a great power influencing the world's population, all centered on this small place, a place that will remain influential for twenty centuries, a small place that was influential and will continue to be influential. Then the date is written next to it, according to the Gregorian calendar. That's it, my dear. Good and bad. We will see the life that has passed, see the life to come. You won't need to look at the sources. If we are on YouTube, subscribe to the channel.
32:11I know, my dear, that on my last visit to the Vatican I tried to shave, but unfortunately I hurt myself, Abu Hamid. What happened? I was shaving because the razor is very old, so what's with this Da Vinci-esque haircut?
32:22You need to change what they're telling you