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00:00...reverberates through history.
00:03For 80 years, endless documents have been analysed,
00:07trying to understand this most notorious of tyrants.
00:10Someone who can order the deaths of 6 million Jews.
00:14What kind of person is that?
00:16Now, science is unlocking a new source of information.
00:21Hitler wanted to destroy all traces of himself, but failed.
00:26In the wreckage of his Berlin bunker,
00:28an American colonel cut out a swatch of sofa material,
00:32stained with Hitler's blood.
00:34In 1945, it was just a water iffy.
00:38He didn't think 80 years later
00:39people were going to try to extract DNA off of it.
00:42But now it's a unique historical document.
00:46Tests have proved it is Hitler's blood.
00:49An exact match.
00:50For the first time, an international team has sequenced his genome.
00:55We've got Adolf Hitler's DNA.
00:57They've already rewritten history.
01:00The rumour that Hitler had Jewish ancestors is not true.
01:04We can actually put that rumour about Jewish ancestry to bed based on the DNA.
01:09A strong association for genes to do with autism
01:12could explain his all-or-nothing thinking.
01:15And he actually belongs to the top 1%.
01:19Hitler's genome suggests he may have been genetically predisposed to psychopathic behaviour.
01:24When these findings emerged, I was simply flabbergasted.
01:29What other secrets can his DNA unlock about his mental state?
01:35Genetic evidence for Hitler having psychiatric illness is really important.
01:40About his delusions of grandeur.
01:43Hitler felt that he could control the planet.
01:46And about an entirely new insight into his intimate relationships.
01:51He was interested in women, but only at a distance.
01:54He's got a deletion in a gene strongly associated with the development of sexual organs.
02:02On the 30th of January 1933, Adolf Hitler became Chancellor of Germany.
02:22The Nazis called it their seizure of power.
02:27Goebbels straightaway organised this huge torchlight parade.
02:32Hitler was basically a nobody from a village in Austria who had nothing to his name.
02:38So how did he get so much influence and power so quickly?
02:41The average person does not do that.
02:46Hitler was far from average.
02:48His passionate oratory commanded huge crowds.
02:57And the talkativeness and the ability to speak so much.
03:01And if you're very charismatic and you have new ideas, it attracts people to you.
03:07He's accruing more and more power to himself.
03:15And at the same time is the establishment of the first concentration camps.
03:21The intimidation and imprisonment of political opponents.
03:25They were beaten up in the streets by the Nazi stormtroopers.
03:29Hitler's rise to power is characterised by a willingness to use violence.
03:37His greatest hatred was reserved for the Jews.
03:41And Hitler proves to be completely ruthless.
03:45Anti-Semitism becomes German state policy.
03:50And to understand an individual who takes these ideas to an extreme, to start designing the so-called final solution.
04:02There were nine million Jews living in Europe, of whom six million died.
04:08It's a killing machine on a massive scale.
04:11Hitler's obsessive nationalism and use of extreme violence, including murder, are typical of dictators past and present.
04:29But Hitler was an untypical dictator in one key area.
04:34Mussolini was very well known for his affairs and relationships with women.
04:42I'm kind of quite proud of showing some of that off.
04:46It was very common among the Nazi leadership to have mistresses and many sexual relationships.
04:51Hitler, on the other hand, was determined to keep his personal and private life absolutely secret.
04:58Why were Hitler's relationships with women so unusual?
05:05For the first time, scientists have sequenced his genome and discovered something extraordinary.
05:12I have to say there was a bit of a moment.
05:16He's got a deletion in a gene known as Proc2.
05:21So Proc2 is found on chromosome 3 and we've got two chromosome 3s.
05:26He has a section on one of his where there's a deletion, a crucial letter, and it's a nonsense deletion.
05:34So if you've not got one working, it can have a pretty big impact on your health.
05:38And we know that it's strongly associated with something known as Kalman's syndrome.
05:44One of the big things that Kalman's is about is about development of sexual organs.
05:56The DNA diagnosis of Kalman's syndrome reveals an entirely new source of information
06:04that raises questions about Hitler's sexual development.
06:10At Turku University in Finland, this rare condition is a specialism of Professor Jorma Topari.
06:17How would this have affected him?
06:21Yeah, the typical symptoms in 10% of the kids with this kind of mutation might have a small penis, micropenis.
06:30Much more common feature would be that the testes don't descend normally to the scrotum.
06:37The DNA reveals the possible physical impact of Kalman's syndrome.
06:43So it seems a coincidence that during World War II, there was a British propaganda song about his genitals.
06:50In the Second World War II, there was a popular song in Britain.
07:02People thought that that was probably not really quite true.
07:09The song was clearly intended to belittle Hitler.
07:13But did it contain a grain of truth?
07:15Pretty much everybody knows there's this song from World War II where it talks about Hitler having only one ball.
07:23What's the historical evidence?
07:25It turns out that this is more or less true.
07:30In 1923, Hitler spent nine months in Landsberg prison.
07:34And in 2010, a medical report was discovered showing that Hitler had right-sided cryptorchidism.
07:43In other words, an undescended testicle.
07:46So there's some truth in this rumour that was already being circulated during the war.
07:52Yeah, and now we have genetic evidence which seems to back that up.
07:55Hitler's proc-2 mutation indicates that as well as an undescended testicle, he may also have had a micropenis.
08:06This diagnosis reflects testimony from a friend of Hitler's during his rise to power in the 1920s.
08:12When he was a young man in the army and would get dressed and undressed in front of his fellow soldiers,
08:21the other men would make fun and say to him,
08:24your penis is smaller than everybody else's.
08:28And that is potentially more psychologically traumatic for a young boy, a young man, than anything else.
08:37This genetic condition would have shaped Hitler throughout his life.
08:44So as a baby, he could already be starting to show signs of the implications of having this deletion in that particular gene.
08:54Yes, but that's it in the childhood.
08:57Then the next time one would see something wrong would be in puberty.
09:02So talk me through that. What happens?
09:04Well, most of the ones with Kalman syndrome don't enter puberty because they don't produce testosterone.
09:14Jorma, Hitler is heterozygous, so he's got one copy of the proc-2 gene that's normal, one copy that's not.
09:22But my understanding is that even having just one copy with this mutation,
09:26you will have some form of Kalman's.
09:28Is that correct?
09:29That's correct. And the majority of the cases with this mutation are heterozygous.
09:36And it always causes the syndrome, but the severity of the syndrome can be very variable.
09:48So how might fluctuating testosterone levels have affected Hitler?
09:52His iconic moustache shows he managed to enter puberty.
09:58But did his testosterone levels then falter?
10:02A unique historical source might shed light on this question.
10:07Incredibly, despite his many declamatory speeches on film,
10:11Hitler's speaking voice was recorded only once.
10:14This is the place where Hitler met Marshal Mannerheim,
10:21the chief of Finnish military force during the Second World War.
10:26After recording the official reception and speeches aboard the train,
10:31the Finnish sound engineer kept recording as Hitler chatted casually over lunch.
10:37So this is a picture of that meeting?
10:42Yes.
10:43They have a nice white cloth on the table, though, which we don't have.
10:48Yeah.
10:49But it's the very same table, and the microphones were up there.
10:53Wow.
10:55The only time we have recording of Hitler speaking in normal circumstances.
11:02Should we have a listen?
11:03So that sounds like a growing man's voice.
11:16Yeah.
11:21So his voice is quite deep.
11:25It is, yeah.
11:26Yeah.
11:26It shows that he had gone through puberty, and he had his voice break.
11:36He might have not had the most severe condition,
11:41because the mutation was only in one of the genes, not on both.
11:48He's certainly born with some kind of abnormalities around his sexual organs,
11:53so he may have had a micropenis.
11:55We know he certainly seems to have had something with one of his testicles.
11:59He might have not had sexual desire,
12:03because that's the specific symptom of lack of testosterone.
12:08Although women were, of course, so idolizing him,
12:14bringing him flowers and screaming and everything, like the pop star,
12:19but he doesn't seem to take that as a hint to anything else.
12:27He's not interested in sex.
12:29The Nazi philosophy emphasised the importance of fertility of large families,
12:40of lots of children, creating a racially pure German nation.
12:46Hitler clearly goes very much against this in not having any kind of family,
12:51in not having children, in not being married.
12:53Hitler quite effectively cultivates the image of a man
12:58diverted entirely to the fatherland.
13:02Our discovery strongly suggests that it may have been
13:05only a convenient cover for his Kalman syndrome.
13:09Analysis of Hitler's DNA shows he had a rare condition
13:23called Kalman syndrome.
13:26Symptoms include low testosterone and abnormal genital development,
13:31which may have brought psychological challenges.
13:33Back then, if a boy was thought to be in any way not fully masculine,
13:43from a psychological point of view,
13:45that could well have had a big impact upon his sense of masculinity,
13:51his sense of identity,
13:53and make one feel very, very depressed,
13:56very, very ashamed, and also desperate.
14:00How would that have affected him,
14:02growing up and into adulthood and his relationships with women?
14:06He really, really did struggle to feel comfortable with women,
14:11and that in itself can be an act of great shame.
14:16And the earlier that shaming exercise take place,
14:21the more rage, fury, and murderousness
14:25will develop within one's psyche.
14:27Hitler's friend, August Kubitschek,
14:31wrote in his memoir about the teenage adults' dysfunctional relationships.
14:37Kubitschek said he was with Hitler daily from age 15 to 19,
14:42and he clearly can state that Hitler never had a girlfriend during that time,
14:46never had an ongoing sexual relationship.
14:50Kubitschek describes how Hitler had a crush on a girl named Stefanie.
14:54He never actually went out with her,
14:57but he did have a couple-year-long infatuation with her.
15:00Hitler fantasized about kidnapping Stefanie
15:03and them dying in a melodramatic death pact.
15:07It's the first and last time I heard him seriously speak of suicide.
15:11He would jump in the Danube River and make an end of it,
15:15but Stefanie would have to die with him.
15:17He insisted on that.
15:19Many years later, in 1929,
15:27there's a record of an actual relationship.
15:31It was far from a healthy romance.
15:34He was 40, she was just 21,
15:38and she was his half-niece.
15:41Gellie Raubalm.
15:43She was a young and attractive woman,
15:44kind of liked attention.
15:48She was quite flirtatious.
15:50She had quite a lot of admirers.
15:56Hitler was clearly infatuated,
15:58obsessed with his half-niece, Gellie Raubal,
16:01in a way that he wasn't obsessed
16:03with any other woman in his life before or after.
16:07She felt trapped by Hitler's attention.
16:12Hitler was controlling.
16:14Hitler was jealous.
16:17He was quite manipulative of her.
16:20Possibly there was violence involved.
16:23Lots of people think that Hitler
16:25was having some kind of sexual relationship
16:28with this niece of his.
16:30We do not know for certain.
16:33Clearly, she was very unhappy.
16:35Gellie, after two years living
16:39with her controlling uncle Adolf,
16:41made a tragic decision.
16:44In 1931, Gellie took her own life.
16:49She used Hitler's pistol
16:51and shot herself in his apartment.
16:55The shadow of suicide
16:57often fell over Hitler's relationships with women.
17:01One historian has estimated
17:03that of the seven women
17:06with whom Hitler had some kind of boyfriend-girlfriend encounter,
17:11at least three of these women attempted suicide
17:15and another three actually committed suicide.
17:20Including his longest
17:21and most famous relationship with Eva Braun.
17:25After she met Hitler,
17:28she endeavoured to commit suicide
17:30not once, but twice.
17:32So whether he was already attracted to people
17:35with a passion for self-harm and death,
17:40or whether he actually was so cruel to them
17:43that he really caused the suicide,
17:46that we do not know for certain.
17:47Hitler's relationship with Eva Braun
17:51was one that lasted 14 years.
17:55He was attracted to her from the very beginning.
17:59He developed quite a fascination with her,
18:02but what really went on
18:04between the two of them sexually,
18:06we do not know.
18:08Hitler's housekeeper, Herbert Doring,
18:10and his wife were close to the couple
18:12and well-placed to discover
18:14the truth of their sexual activities.
18:17My wife is very excited,
18:20as I am.
18:21My wife has washed me often.
18:23And at the first time,
18:24she has looked at me
18:25with a lot of excitement
18:26on whether it was sexual.
18:29But she has never been able to show anything.
18:32And my wife has always looked at me
18:33and looked at my wife's bed.
18:35There was nothing sexual,
18:37nothing, nothing,
18:38nothing, never again.
18:39No one has ever really been able
18:41to explain why Hitler
18:43was so uncomfortable around women
18:45throughout his life
18:46or why he probably never entered
18:48into intimate relations with women.
18:50But now we know
18:51that he had Kalman syndrome,
18:53this could be the answer
18:54we've been looking for.
18:57The Kalman diagnosis
18:58is a new source of information,
19:01filling gaps left by the existing records
19:03about Hitler's health.
19:04The medical notes
19:08made by the Führer's personal physician,
19:10Dr Theodor Morel,
19:12can now be examined in a fresh light.
19:15Morel was giving Hitler
19:16all kinds of pills and injections,
19:20around 80 different medications
19:22over the course of the time
19:24that he spent with him.
19:27It's unlikely Dr Morel
19:29knew about Kalman syndrome,
19:30as it wasn't identified until 1944.
19:34But now Hitler's DNA
19:36has revealed the Proc2 gene mutation.
19:40One of Dr Morel's treatments
19:41stands out.
19:44Testosterone.
19:45This is an entry here
19:46from Morel's diary.
19:50It's the 24th of January
19:51and we can see here
19:5225 milligrams of testosterone injected.
19:57So we know that he was regularly
19:58injecting Hitler with testosterone.
20:00It's not that unusual
20:03that testosterone was being used
20:05at this time
20:06because people understood
20:06it could help energy,
20:08it could help fatigue, for example,
20:09as well as things like muscle mass
20:11and really producing masculine characteristics
20:13as it was branded and sold as.
20:15Also things like erectile dysfunction,
20:17loss of libido.
20:18Unfortunately, Morel doesn't explain explicitly
20:21in his notes
20:22why he's giving Hitler testosterone,
20:24but he's certainly receiving it
20:26on a fairly regular basis.
20:28In Kalman's,
20:29the treatment is actually a sex hormone.
20:31So Morel may have identified
20:32some sort of sexual issue,
20:34we don't know,
20:35but maybe they were onto the right track.
20:39Dr Morel unwittingly provides more evidence
20:43that supports the Kalman diagnosis,
20:44his own body odour.
20:50Kalman syndrome has two principal features.
20:54One is there is no sex hormone production
20:59and the other one is the lack of sense of smell.
21:05Whilst Hitler trusted him entirely,
21:08some of the other leading Nazis
21:10took quite a strong dislike to him.
21:13People were complaining to Hitler about him.
21:16They were even complaining also
21:18that he was smelly,
21:19to which Hitler responded,
21:22I employ Dr Morel not for his fragrance,
21:25but for his skills as a doctor.
21:28The very fact that everyone in Hitler's inner circle
21:31seemed to have been irritated
21:33by the smell of Dr Morel
21:36and Hitler did not
21:37would suggest that Hitler
21:40might have not been able
21:41to smell very well,
21:42which now in the light
21:44of the diagnosis of Kalman's
21:47is highly significant.
21:50Hitler wanted to be seen
21:52as a godlike figure,
21:54the heroic leader
21:55of a pure Aryan race.
21:59But Kalman syndrome
22:01now reveals the truth
22:03about his own body.
22:04Hitler knew nothing of the DNA clues
22:08that would be left in his blood,
22:10but the Nazis did understand
22:12that disease and disability
22:13could be passed down the generations.
22:17So we've known about
22:20the heredity of characteristics
22:22for literally thousands of years.
22:26I mean, we know things like
22:27the early farmers used it
22:28as a way of kind of selecting for crops
22:30and selecting animals
22:32and domesticating animals.
22:35Selective breeding
22:36to improve livestock
22:37is seen as a good thing.
22:40Selective human breeding,
22:41eugenics,
22:42is widely condemned
22:43and illegal.
22:45A central component
22:46of Nazi ideology
22:48was eugenics,
22:50that the health
22:52of the nation
22:53could be improved
22:54through selective breeding.
22:56In his earliest days
22:58as dictator,
22:59Hitler authorized
23:00forced sterilization
23:01of people with mental
23:03and physical disabilities
23:04to stop them passing on
23:06what he believed
23:07were impurities.
23:09Eugenics
23:10and a determination
23:11to ensure the purity
23:13of the Aryan race
23:14was an obsession
23:15that led to the worst atrocities
23:17of the Nazi regime.
23:20In 1939,
23:22Hitler signed a decree
23:23to eliminate people
23:25he deemed unworthy of life
23:27in a state-organized program
23:29of euthanasia.
23:40This is Hertheim Castle
23:42near Hitler's hometown
23:44of Linz,
23:45which was used
23:46as part of the so-called
23:48euthanasia program
23:50to murder the mentally
23:51and physically disabled.
23:53It's the one
23:57killing decree
23:58or the one order
23:59to murder people
24:00actually signed
24:02by Adolf Hitler.
24:08The castle was
24:10a home for disabled people
24:12beginning in 1898.
24:15The Nazis changed the castle
24:21into an annihilation center
24:23in March 1940
24:25and they murdered
24:27up to 30,000 people here.
24:33This was the former
24:35gas chamber.
24:36It was disguised
24:37as a shower room.
24:38About 30 people
24:41were brought in
24:42at the same time
24:43and from outside
24:45the doctors
24:46they filled in
24:48the carbon monoxide.
24:54It's hard to imagine,
24:55you cannot imagine
24:56what took place here.
24:58Hartheim formed a prototype
25:03for the use of gas chambers
25:05for the mass murder
25:06of 6 million European Jews
25:09in the extermination camps
25:12set up by the Nazis.
25:14Hitler's policies
25:16Hitler's policies
25:17are completely
25:18around eugenics
25:19and based on
25:20his own DNA
25:22particularly with
25:23the Kalman syndrome
25:24if he had been able
25:25to look
25:26at his own DNA
25:28as if it was somebody
25:29that he was making
25:30a decision about
25:31whether or not
25:31to go to the gas chambers
25:32or not
25:33he almost certainly
25:34would have sent himself.
25:36The Castle Archive
25:39reveals that
25:40Hitler's policies
25:41did send one
25:42of his relatives
25:43to die at our time
25:44his second cousin
25:46Aloisa Veit.
25:48She'd been confined
25:49for years
25:50in a psychiatric facility
25:51in Vienna.
25:53Her medical records
25:55state she imagined
25:56she could see ghosts
25:57and evil people.
26:00Her vivid hallucinations
26:02and delusional behaviour
26:03often meant
26:04she was restrained
26:05on a bed.
26:06The diagnosis
26:07doctors gave
26:08Hitler's cousin
26:08was schizophrenia.
26:13This could have
26:15implications
26:15for our understanding
26:16of Hitler's mental state
26:18because schizophrenia
26:21runs in families.
26:29Groundbreaking analysis
26:31of Hitler's DNA
26:32is unlocking more secrets
26:34of the infamous dictator.
26:36You get a little glimpse
26:37into his personality
26:40by looking at his DNA.
26:42What I'm doing
26:43in my research
26:44is that I'm trying
26:45to identify
26:46genetic risk factors
26:48for psychiatric conditions.
26:50we know that Hitler's relative
26:54was diagnosed with schizophrenia
26:56and that it runs in families.
26:59So what does Hitler's polygenic score
27:01suggest about his likelihood
27:03of developing the condition?
27:05You can see here
27:06You can see here
27:06the distribution of the score
27:08for schizophrenia
27:09in the population
27:10and you can see
27:12that Hitler
27:13is located
27:13in the very end
27:15of the distribution.
27:16He has a very high
27:17polygenic score
27:18for schizophrenia.
27:20Actually,
27:20he belongs to the top 1%.
27:22Top 1%?
27:24Yeah,
27:24it's high.
27:26Wow.
27:26But what does it actually mean
27:28when somebody's
27:29in that top 1%
27:30in terms of how likely
27:31they are to develop
27:32the condition?
27:33It's very difficult
27:34to say from the score
27:36because it's only
27:36capturing a small part
27:38of the risk.
27:39But he is highly loaded
27:40with common variants
27:42that increases the risk.
27:43The latest DNA result
27:48reveals Hitler
27:49had an increased risk
27:50of developing schizophrenia.
27:53Schizophrenia is
27:54a very challenging
27:56mental illness
27:57where the person
27:59experiences
28:00hallucinations
28:01and delusions.
28:03It often means
28:04that your everyday life
28:05falls to pieces.
28:08Hitler would not be diagnosed
28:10with schizophrenia today
28:11as he did not show
28:12these serious
28:13debilitating symptoms.
28:16In acute schizophrenia,
28:18there's a total
28:19fragmentation
28:20of the personality.
28:22And so a person
28:23in that state
28:24has no ability
28:25to lead a country,
28:27no ability
28:28to wage war.
28:30If he had full-blown
28:31schizophrenia,
28:32he couldn't have achieved
28:33what he achieved.
28:36Hitler may not
28:37have had schizophrenia,
28:39but his DNA analysis
28:41reveals a range
28:42of genes associated
28:43with it.
28:45When we look at
28:46physical health conditions,
28:49sometimes we can find
28:50a single gene
28:51that is the cause.
28:54But when it comes
28:54to psychiatric
28:55and neurodevelopmental
28:57conditions,
28:59it's very rarely the case
29:00that there's a single gene.
29:02There are hundreds of genes
29:03that are likely
29:04to be involved.
29:06Recent international studies
29:08show that some
29:09of these schizophrenia genes
29:11may actually have
29:12positive effects.
29:14Research found relatives
29:16of people with schizophrenia
29:17are often extremely creative.
29:20In families
29:21that have schizophrenia,
29:23you often find
29:24that there's a genius.
29:25These genes
29:26may have given him
29:27the creative,
29:29unconventional thinking
29:30that drove his early success.
29:38At the Berkhof,
29:39his mountain retreat
29:40in Bavaria,
29:42Hitler conceived
29:43his plans
29:44for Nazi domination.
29:45It is from the picture-perfect world
29:54of the Bavarian Alps
29:56that he starts the war,
29:58that he conducts the war,
30:00that he brings death
30:02and destruction
30:02across the world.
30:06Hitler's plans
30:07at the start of the war
30:08were spectacularly successful.
30:12Poland quickly fell,
30:13Denmark and Norway followed.
30:15his armies swept
30:16through Belgium,
30:17the Netherlands
30:18and part of France,
30:20then Yugoslavia
30:20and Greece.
30:23Some historians
30:24have put Hitler's success
30:25down to his
30:26unconventional thinking.
30:28In May 1940,
30:30when most of Hitler's generals
30:31wanted to invade France
30:33from the north,
30:34Hitler insisted
30:35on attacking
30:36further south
30:37through the difficult
30:39wooded terrain
30:40of the Ardennes.
30:41This plan proved
30:42to be a brilliant
30:43and decisive success.
30:45the French army collapsed.
30:47It was all over
30:48within six weeks,
30:50just as Hitler
30:51had predicted.
30:55Hitler's DNA
30:56is suggesting
30:57new explanations
30:58for his behaviour.
31:00Schizophrenic traits
31:01involve
31:02unconventional creativity.
31:04Autistic traits
31:05include attention
31:06to detail.
31:07ADHD can add hyper-focus.
31:10He also often had
31:14a manic energy
31:15in pursuit
31:16of a goal
31:17or idea.
31:17He was a man
31:19who became obsessed
31:21by the things
31:22that interested him
31:23and he would focus
31:24on these things
31:25to the exclusion
31:28of everything else
31:29in his life.
31:31Sleep, hunger,
31:32relationships,
31:33everything.
31:34Hitler's doctor
31:37noted this behaviour.
31:40Theodore Morell
31:41diagnosed Hitler
31:42in his diaries
31:43with manic depressive
31:44illness in 1943.
31:46His own physician
31:46diagnosed him
31:47during his lifetime
31:48with this condition.
31:54If the latest
31:56DNA analysis
31:57detects genes
31:58for manic depression,
32:00now called
32:00bipolar disorder,
32:02it could transform
32:02our view of Hitler.
32:05We're also looking
32:06at his score
32:06for bipolar disorder
32:07and if you look
32:09here again
32:10at the distribution,
32:11you can see
32:12that Hitler is loaded
32:13really at the top.
32:15So he has
32:15a very high, high score.
32:17Actually,
32:18he belongs
32:18to the top 1%
32:20of individuals
32:21with a high score.
32:22Another 1%?
32:23Yeah, really,
32:24really striking results.
32:28Bipolar really means
32:30that your mood swings
32:31from very low
32:32when you're depressed
32:35through to very high
32:36when you are manic.
32:38So it's sometimes
32:39also called manic depression.
32:41Hitler had manic
32:42and depressive periods
32:43throughout the 1930s
32:45and 1940s.
32:46Hitler would be
32:46highly excitable,
32:47highly talkative,
32:49very overactive
32:50for a few weeks
32:50and then times
32:52when he would be
32:53highly underactive,
32:54not get out of bed,
32:55not say anything,
32:56not eat anything
32:56for a few weeks
32:57and back and forth
32:59between these states.
33:00If we look back
33:01at Hitler's youth
33:02in the diaries
33:03of his teenage friend
33:04Kubitschek,
33:06before politics,
33:07before power,
33:09the signs
33:09are already there.
33:11Kubitschek describes him
33:12being in a state
33:13of ecstasy
33:13and talking
33:15and talking
33:15and talking
33:16in a grandiose way.
33:18And the talkativeness
33:20and the ability
33:21to speak so much
33:22is a manic trait.
33:25That doesn't happen
33:25in a normal,
33:26mentally healthy person.
33:33Hitler's manic phases
33:34may have aided
33:35his rise to power
33:36and fueled his early success
33:42in directing the war.
33:45But then,
33:46he seemed to lose touch
33:48with reality.
33:50Hitler made a very bold
33:52and surprising decision
33:54to invade Russia.
33:58This time,
33:59his plans
34:01led to disaster.
34:04In this kind of moment
34:05of euphoria,
34:07Hitler starts
34:08to fantasize
34:09what the world
34:11would look like
34:11after the defeat
34:13of the Soviet Union.
34:15Hitler,
34:19against the explicit
34:22advice of his officers,
34:25told that he knew best.
34:28This was a much
34:30bigger enemy
34:31with much bigger
34:32manpower resources.
34:35And it was also
34:37a much bigger
34:37terrain and territory.
34:39Hitler's attack
34:41on Stalingrad
34:42leads to over
34:43half a million
34:44German casualties.
34:46His Sixth Army,
34:48which had played
34:49a key role
34:49in the devastating
34:50assault on France,
34:52is destroyed.
34:56After crushing
34:57defeats in Russia,
34:59Hitler's mood swings
35:00grew more severe.
35:01He was no longer
35:06the energetic,
35:07highly active,
35:08excitable,
35:09but very functional
35:10and often very calm,
35:12charismatic,
35:13creative leader
35:13of the early 1930s.
35:15He was becoming
35:16more and more angry
35:17and irritable
35:18and rageful.
35:20Hitler increasingly
35:21resorts to
35:22haranguing
35:23those around him,
35:25dictating to them,
35:26flying off the handle.
35:27It became
35:28virtually impossible
35:29for these military
35:30advisors
35:31to tell him
35:32the truth,
35:32to disagree with him
35:34if they didn't want
35:34to incur his wrath.
35:39As Hitler's mood swings
35:40and rages
35:41grew worse,
35:42his personal physician,
35:44Dr Theodor Morel,
35:45tried to treat him.
35:49What he tried to do
35:50was to treat
35:51the lows
35:51with the amphetamines
35:52and the highs
35:54with barbiturates
35:55and of course
35:56there's only so far
35:57you can get with that.
35:57So Hitler
35:58generally got worse.
35:59Morel gave Hitler
36:01Vita-Multin tablets,
36:03a mixture he made
36:04up himself
36:04that dramatically
36:06altered the
36:06Fuhrer's moods.
36:08Morel gave Hitler
36:09gold-foil tablets
36:11and that tablet
36:12was once
36:13analysed by
36:14another German
36:15physician
36:15in the Nazi
36:16hierarchy
36:17and it turned out
36:18to be methamphetamine.
36:19The worst possibility
36:21you could give
36:22to a person
36:22with bipolar
36:23would be amphetamines.
36:26So Dr Morel
36:27was treating
36:28Hitler's depression
36:29with the amphetamines
36:30but what he didn't
36:31appreciate
36:32is that they were
36:32also causing
36:33the manic states
36:34to be worse
36:35and then he would
36:36cycle back
36:36into his depressions
36:37again.
36:38So then he would
36:39just get more
36:39and more amphetamine
36:40and it became
36:41a vicious circle.
36:42He certainly was not
36:43in touch with reality
36:45well.
36:45On the 6th of June
36:581944
36:59Hitler was at
37:00his mountain hideaway
37:01the Berghof.
37:04After talking
37:05into the early hours
37:06he finally went
37:08to bed at 3am.
37:12One hour later
37:14news came
37:15in of a vast
37:16Allied invasion
37:17on the beaches
37:19of northern France.
37:22It was D-Day.
37:32The generals
37:33were in a quandary
37:34they just didn't
37:35know what to do
37:36they couldn't actually
37:37give out any orders
37:38without Hitler's
37:40say so
37:40on the one hand
37:41and yet on the other
37:42hand they were
37:43fearful of a
37:44terrible fit of rage
37:46if they woke
37:47Hitler up.
37:48The landing
37:49of Allied troops
37:50in Normandy
37:51began the recapture
37:53of Europe
37:54from the Nazis.
37:57As Germany's enemies
37:59invaded
37:59vital hours
38:01were wasted.
38:02when Hitler woke
38:10at 10am
38:11he was unconcerned
38:13even optimistic.
38:15He kind of
38:16delusionally seemed
38:17to think
38:17that Germany
38:18would prevail.
38:19When D-Day
38:20started
38:21there was this
38:21moment of elation
38:23of almost euphoria
38:25in the German population
38:26because of successful
38:28propaganda.
38:29Germans thought
38:30finally we can
38:31still win
38:32this war.
38:33But this is
38:34of course
38:34all based
38:35on Hitler's
38:37delusions
38:38on Hitler's
38:39self-belief
38:40and grandeur.
38:42In reality
38:43it was the
38:44beginning of the end.
38:46In January
38:461945
38:47France was being
38:49liberated
38:49and the Soviets
38:50were sweeping
38:51through Eastern Europe.
38:53As Germany's
38:54fortunes declined
38:55Hitler's mental
38:56and physical
38:57state
38:57deteriorated
38:58rapidly.
39:00Hitler fled
39:01to Berlin
39:02into an
39:03underground bunker
39:04to avoid
39:05the Russian
39:05bombardment.
39:14The Führer
39:15was chauffeured
39:16through the
39:16bombed out
39:17ruins of his
39:17capital
39:18in an
39:19armoured
39:19limousine.
39:20and now
39:25we're getting
39:26ever closer
39:26to the
39:27bunker
39:27and to
39:28the heart
39:29of what
39:29was then
39:30Hitler's
39:31Berlin.
39:34What's it
39:35like at that
39:35point?
39:36Hitler would
39:37have been
39:37driving
39:38through
39:38a devastated
39:40Berlin
39:41and he's
39:42travelling
39:42from the
39:43more or less
39:43the western
39:44outskirts
39:45into the
39:46centre.
39:46Can't really
39:47fail to
39:48notice
39:48how devastated
39:50Berlin was.
39:51Berlin
39:51which is
39:52large chunks
39:53of Israel
39:53at this
39:54point?
39:54Yes.
39:56Well given
39:56that Germany
39:57is being
39:58destroyed
39:58he knows
40:01it's over.
40:02The sun
40:02is setting
40:03on the
40:03third
40:03right.
40:07The
40:08devastation
40:08of Berlin
40:09matched
40:09Hitler's
40:10own mental
40:11and physical
40:11decline.
40:12this was
40:15clear to
40:15staff in
40:16the bunker
40:16including
40:18his
40:18secretary
40:19Troudl
40:20Junge.
40:21He
40:22looked like
40:23a shadow
40:23he looked
40:24emotionless
40:26and
40:26very grey
40:28and pale
40:29and
40:29like a
40:30broken
40:31old
40:31man.
40:33His
40:34leg
40:35was
40:35lame
40:36and
40:37his
40:37movements
40:37were
40:38very
40:38slow.
40:39He
40:41was
40:41not
40:41not
40:42anymore
40:42the
40:43dictator
40:44and
40:45impressive
40:45fascinating
40:46man
40:47who
40:48was
40:48earlier.
40:50Hitler
40:51was only
40:5156
40:52years
40:52old
40:52but
40:53staff
40:53also
40:54noticed
40:54further
40:55evidence
40:55of his
40:56deterioration
40:57a
40:57trembling
40:58left
40:58hand
40:59possibly
41:00a sign
41:01of
41:01Parkinson's
41:02disease.
41:04For
41:05the majority
41:05of cases
41:06DNA
41:07analysis
41:07can't
41:08help
41:08doctors
41:09diagnose
41:09Parkinson's?
41:11Can
41:12we find
41:13clear
41:13evidence
41:13of the
41:14condition
41:14from
41:15another
41:15source?
41:16This
41:16last
41:17piece
41:17of
41:17footage
41:17of
41:18Hitler
41:18is
41:19from
41:19the
41:19final
41:20days
41:20of
41:21the
41:21war
41:21the
41:21final
41:22days
41:22of
41:22his
41:22life.
41:25And
41:26this
41:26is the
41:26official
41:27version
41:28of the
41:28footage
41:28that
41:29was
41:29shown
41:29in
41:30the
41:30German
41:30news
41:30reel
41:31at
41:31the
41:31time.
41:32I
41:33think
41:33what
41:33strikes
41:33me
41:34about
41:34this
41:34footage
41:34is
41:35not
41:35what
41:36we
41:36see
41:36but
41:36what
41:36we
41:36don't
41:37see.
41:37What's
41:38really
41:38hidden
41:38in
41:38this
41:38footage
41:39is
41:39his
41:39left
41:40hand.
41:41It's
41:42only
41:42when we
41:42see
41:42the
41:43uncensored
41:43version
41:44that we
41:44know
41:44what's
41:44really
41:44happening.
41:45And
41:47we
41:47do
41:47have
41:47the
41:48full
41:48footage
41:48which
41:49was
41:50not
41:50released
41:50to
41:50the
41:51German
41:51public
41:51at
41:51the
41:51time.
41:53So
41:53now
41:53we
41:53see
41:53this
41:53left
41:54hand
41:54behind
41:54his
41:55back
41:55and
41:55there
41:55is
41:55this
41:56rest
41:56tremor.
41:56It's
41:56a
41:57very
41:57coarse
41:57tremor.
41:58The
41:58regime
41:58did
41:58not
41:59want
41:59the
41:59German
41:59public
41:59to
41:59see
42:00this
42:00footage.
42:00Because
42:01it
42:01shows
42:01us
42:01for
42:01sure
42:02that
42:02this
42:03is
42:03a
42:03neurodegenerative
42:03condition.
42:04This
42:04is
42:05Parkinson's
42:05and
42:06there
42:06is
42:06no
42:06doubt
42:06about
42:07the
42:07diagnosis
42:07here.
42:14Hitler
42:15an
42:15unknown
42:16provincial
42:16loner
42:17tried
42:17to
42:18realize
42:18his
42:19dream
42:19of a
42:20thousand
42:20year
42:20German
42:21Reich.
42:22That
42:22fantasy
42:23was
42:24shattered.
42:26By
42:27April
42:271945
42:28Soviet
42:29guns
42:29were
42:30trained
42:30on
42:30his
42:30bunker
42:31and
42:32shells
42:32were
42:33pounding
42:33above.
42:36Terrified
42:37of
42:38being
42:38captured
42:38by
42:38the
42:39Soviets
42:39Hitler
42:40planned
42:40his
42:41and
42:42Eva
42:42Brown
42:42suicide.
42:44At
42:44the
42:44end
42:44even
42:45most
42:46of
42:46Hitler's
42:46inner
42:47circle
42:47had
42:48abandoned
42:49him.
42:51Hitler
42:51was
42:51losing
42:52any
42:52sense
42:53of
42:53reality.
42:54He
42:55continued
42:55directing
42:56the
42:56war
42:56holding
42:57meetings
42:58with
42:58his
42:58generals
42:58moving
42:59armies
43:00around
43:00the
43:00map.
43:02In
43:03reality
43:03those
43:04armies
43:04had
43:05collapsed.
43:06By
43:09this
43:09very
43:10late
43:10stage
43:10Hitler
43:11seemed
43:11to
43:11be
43:11losing
43:12grip
43:12on
43:13reality.
43:14He
43:14was
43:14determined
43:15to
43:15keep
43:15fighting
43:16to
43:16the
43:16bitter
43:16end
43:17and
43:17it
43:17was
43:18very
43:18late
43:19in
43:19the
43:19day
43:19maybe
43:19just
43:20like
43:20one
43:20week
43:20before
43:21the
43:21very
43:21end
43:21that
43:22he
43:22finally
43:22acknowledged
43:23that
43:24he
43:24was
43:25beaten.
43:27Hitler's
43:28mindset
43:28Hitler's
43:29personality
43:30was
43:30such
43:31that
43:32there
43:33could
43:33only
43:33be
43:34death
43:35by
43:35that
43:35point.
43:36It
43:38is
43:38just
43:38unimaginable
43:39that
43:40Hitler
43:40would
43:41have
43:41wanted
43:41to
43:42sit
43:42things
43:42out.
43:43It
43:43is
43:43absolutely
43:44clear
43:45that
43:45Hitler
43:46would
43:47rather
43:47die
43:47than
43:48live
43:49beyond
43:50the
43:50moment
43:51where
43:51he
43:51could
43:51still
43:51control
43:52things.
43:52work.
43:55Hitler
43:55Hitler
43:55maintained
43:56absolute
43:56control
43:57over
43:57his
43:57suicide
43:58and
43:59left
43:59detailed
43:59instructions
44:00with
44:00his
44:01valet
44:01Heinz
44:02Linger.
44:02He gave me the order five days before to get gasoline, to burn the body.
44:11He actually marries the previous day.
44:14He marries his long-term companion, Afer Braun.
44:17In the early hours of the morning, there's a little wedding celebration.
44:22There are guests, there are drinks.
44:24The following day, around 3.30 in the afternoon,
44:27Afer Braun takes cyanide and Hitler shoots himself with his pistol.
44:32Hitler tried to destroy every trace of himself to preserve his godlike image, but failed.
44:46Something crucial survived to reveal his secrets.
44:51His DNA.
44:54There had been attempts for a long time to obtain DNA, to analyze it.
44:59And it is remarkable that finally, it has been achieved.
45:03The DNA analysis is a new source of evidence, revealing conditions likely to have shaped Hitler's thinking and changed history.
45:12The genetic findings from the blood, they are absolutely extraordinary.
45:15I just cannot believe how well they fit with everything that I know about psychiatry.
45:24Some historians are very motivated to believe that if Hitler has a psychiatric illness,
45:30that in some way he can't be blamed for the evil things that happened when he was the leader.
45:36You are responsible for it, whether you have a mental illness or not.
45:39We may never fully understand Adolf Hitler, but analyzing his DNA has brought us closer than ever before.
45:48There's no doubt in my mind that these findings will change the way we think about Hitler in many ways,
45:53and also add a new layer of understanding of him.
45:57I mean, people are fascinated by Hitler and by his mind, maybe just to try and make sense of the incomprehensible,
46:05because someone who can order the deaths of six million Jews, you know, what kind of person is that?
46:12Our behavior is a complex mix of genes and environment, and looking at anything that could give us answers becomes part of the picture.
46:26We had these kind of tantalizing clues about Hitler, but now we've got some genetic information that backs that up.
46:33DNA can be likened to another text, helping to solve historical mysteries.
46:45The untold story of a legendary queen, power struggles and battles since before she took the throne,
46:51becoming Elizabeth streaming now.
46:53Luscious, subtle and ice-cold next tonight, Samantha Morton is a one-woman trail of chaos,
46:59the devastating Serpent Queen.
47:03Doctoretical identity of a gonech and a unfreexed that could be his sealant or something.
47:06Who is a member, his name, a young man, a young man,
47:07of fear and a young woman.
47:08So I mmm.
47:10Never did you miss your name.
47:12I've been using this for 25 years and the change of the world.
47:13You know, what are these two?
47:15Thefried Putin ties,
47:16I don't think that the belief is a force of itself.
47:17I've been using this for 25 years.
47:18The democracy.
47:19I've been using a leader on the back of the world.
47:20I've been living in the world.
47:21And they weren't using this for 25 years.
47:22I've been listening to another world.
47:23And so I've been looking at this and I've been doing the next- 처음,
47:24and I've been working on the world.
47:27You've been using this for 25 years.
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